The adaptive power control of CDMA （Code Division Multiple Access） communications between multiple MSs （Mobile Stations） with a link-budget based SIR （Signal-to-lnterference Ratio） estimate is applied to inner l...The adaptive power control of CDMA （Code Division Multiple Access） communications between multiple MSs （Mobile Stations） with a link-budget based SIR （Signal-to-lnterference Ratio） estimate is applied to inner loop power control algorithms. CTR （Consecutive Transmit-Power-Control Ratio） calculated from these algorithms can estimate MS speed, together with MS moving distance, but cannot estimate MS position. In this paper, RRH （Remote Radio Head） is introduced and it is concluded that BS （Base Station） calculates MS distance with CTR from one of RRHs, in addition BS that has RSSIs （Received Signal Strength Indicators） information from other two RRHs can estimate MS position.展开更多
The study of Tang et al investigated the distribution and dynamic changes of cell populations in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer(GC)patients using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq).This comprehensive ...The study of Tang et al investigated the distribution and dynamic changes of cell populations in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer(GC)patients using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq).This comprehensive analysis highlights key interactions within the tumor microenvironment across different GC stages.Discussing applications of scRNA-seq data in clinical settings could pave the way for developing promising and personalized therapeutic strategies for GC patients.Therefore,further exploration of selecting anticancer drug candidates through gene screening derived from scRNA-seq will provide deeper insights into GC care.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the gradual deepening of interest rate liberalization,the decline in effective credit demand,the intensification of competitive involution among commercial banks,and the complex international e...Against the backdrop of the gradual deepening of interest rate liberalization,the decline in effective credit demand,the intensification of competitive involution among commercial banks,and the complex international economic and trade situation,commercial banks in China's mainland have entered a stage of low interest rates and narrow interest margins.Coupled with the continuous exposure of risks in retail customer groups and small and micro enterprises,many commercial banks have chosen to phase in expanding and strengthening their corporate business segments to smoothly navigate economic cycles and enhance operational resilience and sustainability.How the corporate business segment optimizes its asset-liability structure through asset allocation to achieve high-quality development is a major issue worthy of consideration by the entire industry.From the perspective of a medium-sized national commercial bank,this paper explores and proposes four key basic customer groups,six asset allocation models,and fourteen key industries for layout,for reference,and research.展开更多
A new macrofossil Lagerstatte was discovered from the uppermost Ediacaran Jiucheng Member at Jinning and Jiangchuan of the eastern Yunnan, yielding numerous diverse well-preserved thallophyte macrofossils. These inclu...A new macrofossil Lagerstatte was discovered from the uppermost Ediacaran Jiucheng Member at Jinning and Jiangchuan of the eastern Yunnan, yielding numerous diverse well-preserved thallophyte macrofossils. These include the previously-known representatives of vendobionts, Vendotaenia and Tyrasotaenia, and the biggish multicellular benthos such as Chuaria-like and Tawuia- like fossiis, as well as Longfengshaniaceaens with diverse holdfast structures. There are still some other problematic macrofossils with peculiar configurations as well as uncertain relatives. The distinct dominance of the giant, unbranching thallophytes occasionally with holdfast structures distinguishes this assemblage from the other Ediacaran macrofossil Lagerstattes in the Doushantuo Formation at Miaohe, Wenghui and Lantian, and the contemporary assemblage in the Shibantan Member of Dengying Formation, Yangtze Gorges area. This paper outlines the characteristics of some of the multicellular macrofossils from the Jiucheng Member at Jiangchuan. They include some macrofossils with different types of holdfast structure, larger Chuaria-like and Tawuia-like morphology and questionable affinities as well. The discovery of greater diverse macrofossil assemblages from the Jiucheng Member of eastern Yunnan has further indicated that an important diversification and evolutionary radiation of metaphytes took place in the latest Ediacaran time. This radiation of largescale, benthic metaphyte along with phytoplankton was likely important contributors to the early Cambrian explosion of metazoans.展开更多
Ordovician conodonts representing 28 genera and 28 named and three unnamed species were identified from 740 chert and siliceous siltstone spot samples(>3000 thin sections)from deep-water turbiditic sequences of the...Ordovician conodonts representing 28 genera and 28 named and three unnamed species were identified from 740 chert and siliceous siltstone spot samples(>3000 thin sections)from deep-water turbiditic sequences of the Lachlan Orogen in central and southern New South Wales,Australia.Based on these faunas,a new conodont biozonal scheme has been established to divide the Ordovician turbiditic successions of the Lachlan Orogen into 12 superbiozones and biozones.They are(in ascending order)the Paracordylodus gracilis Superbiozone(including the Prioniodus oepiki Biozone),Periodon flabellum Superbiozone(including the Oepikodus evae Biozone in the lower part),Periodon hankensis Biozone,Periodon aculeatus Superbiozone(including the Histiodella labiosa,Histiodella holodentata,Histiodella kristinae,Pygodus serra and Pygodus anserinus biozones)and the Periodon grandis Biozone.The Pygodus anserinus Biozone is divided further into the lower and upper subbiozones.This new conodont biozonation scheme spanning the upper Tremadocian to middle Katian interval permits precise age-dating and correlation of deep-water siliciclastic rocks that characterize the Ordovician Deep-Sea Realm regionally and internationally.展开更多
We report a case of a 21-year-old man who had severe traumatic brain injury as a result of an accident at the age of 16 years. Two years and 4 months after the trauma, at the age of 19 years, he still had severe right...We report a case of a 21-year-old man who had severe traumatic brain injury as a result of an accident at the age of 16 years. Two years and 4 months after the trauma, at the age of 19 years, he still had severe right hemiplegia and cognitive dysfunction including aphasia and attention and memory disturbance. Conventional rehabilitation programs cou（d not resolve all of the neuropsychological problems. He started receiving Goshinjo therapy over a period of 22 months. Following the therapy, significant improvements in verbal intelligence quotient （assessed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition） and attention and concentration function （using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised）, and remission of traumatic epilepsy were observed. Goshinjo therapy is suspected to be effective in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in the chronic stage after severe traumatic brain injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND：In Hong Kong, the reorganization of healthcare frame work for better utilization of resources has led to an increase in the frequency of inter-facility transport in recent years. An Inter-Facility Transpor...BACKGROUND：In Hong Kong, the reorganization of healthcare frame work for better utilization of resources has led to an increase in the frequency of inter-facility transport in recent years. An Inter-Facility Transport Triage Guideline （IFTTG） was introduced and evaluated on its compliance and performance. This study aimed to evaluate the compliance to the IFTTG and performance of inter-facility transport after the IFTTG was implemented. METHODS： The patients who required emergency IFT with accompanying personnel in two consecutive periods （pre-implementation period： January 1,2006 to April 30, 2006; post-implementation period： May 1,2006 to August 31,2006） were included. The compliance to pre-transport triage and transport team configuration was evaluated by a review panel with eight performance indicators identified. The performance indicators were compared individually and as an overall score. RESULTS：Sixty-eight （26 in the pre-implementation period and 42 in the post-implementation period） IFTs were reviewed. There was demonstrable improvement on compliance to the IFTTG. The appropriateness of pre-transport triage increased from 34.6% to 54.8% whereas appropriateness of transport team configuration rose significantly from 73.1% to 92.9% （P〈0.05）. Staff performance on individual IFT performance indicator was satisfactory in both periods and the means of overall score on performance indicators were 7.12 and 7.29 respectively. The most improved performance indicator was the appropriateness of transport team configuration. CONCLUSIONS： The compliance and performance with the newly implemented IFTTG were satisfactory. However, staff comment and satisfaction with the use of the new guideline should be collected so as to achieve continuous quality improvement.展开更多
Myanmar is located in Southeast Asia within the Mekong River Basin. The estimated annual surface and groundwater potentials are 1 081 km^3 and 494 km^3, respectively. Based on geological conditions, 11 different types...Myanmar is located in Southeast Asia within the Mekong River Basin. The estimated annual surface and groundwater potentials are 1 081 km^3 and 494 km^3, respectively. Based on geological conditions, 11 different types of aquifers have been classified in Myanmar. The recent alluvial formation, Irrawaddy formation, Upper Pegu Group and Plateau limestone formation are the major water-bearing geologic formations of the country. In Myanmar, 89% of the groundwater is used for agriculture, approximately 8% is used for domestic consumption, and 3% is used for industrial purposes. Climate change projections for Myanmar from 2001 to 2100 predict general increases in temperature, clear-sky days, rainfall variability and flooding risks and a greater occurrence and intensity of extreme weather events across the country. Additional technology and investments are required to achieve groundwater resource security in response to climate changes. In addition, methods of ensuring the sustainability of groundwater resources must be implemented via collaborations with other countries and international sources.展开更多
Objective: To determine the asymptomatic dengue infection in adults of Pakistani population.Methods: This study was conducted in five major cities(Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore,Multan, and Peshawar) of Pakistan.A total o...Objective: To determine the asymptomatic dengue infection in adults of Pakistani population.Methods: This study was conducted in five major cities(Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore,Multan, and Peshawar) of Pakistan.A total of 5 230 adults aged 18 years and above without a history of dengue fever at any point in their life were enrolled from participating laboratories.Those who were confirmed for dengue previously were excluded.Of the total, 62.6%(n = 3 276) were male with an average age of 34.6 years.Participants were briefed about the objectives of the study, and written consent was obtained to perform dengue Ig G test using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The brief information related to age, gender and area was also taken on proforma.Results: Overall 32.3%(n = 1 691) was having asymptomatic dengue infection which was 67.5%(n = 756) in Karachi followed by 39.1%(n = 391) in Islamabad, 29.9%(n =316) in Lahore and 21%(n = 228) in Peshawar and none from Multan.More males were affected with asymptomatic dengue infection than females.The asymptomatic dengue infection was significantly higher in different cities; however, there was no significant difference with respect to age groups.Conclusions: The asymptomatic dengue infection is higher in cities i.e.Karachi,Islamabad and Lahore which are at risk of developing secondary dengue infections.There is a need of awareness among the public about secondary dengue infection.展开更多
Patterns of woody regeneration in terms of species composition and diversity were studied in mixed deciduous forest (MDF) and deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF) in Minbyin reserved forest of Lewe Township. A total of ...Patterns of woody regeneration in terms of species composition and diversity were studied in mixed deciduous forest (MDF) and deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF) in Minbyin reserved forest of Lewe Township. A total of 57 plant species of MDF belonging to 28 families and 342 individuals and 25 plant species of DDF consist of 15 families and 285 individuals were identified. Plant species diversity was quantitatively higher in the MDF (H' = 3.68) compared to the DDF (H' = 2.39). Tectona grandis showed the highest density (30), dominance (4.40 m<sup>2</sup>) and IVI (27.01) of MDF and Dipterocarpus tuberculatus also composed the highest density (109), dominance (9.02 m<sup>2</sup>) and IVI (81.87) in DDF. The smallest diameter class (10 - 20 cm) comprised with 29 species, 103 individuals in MDF and 18 species, 85 individuals in DDF. The size class distribution displayed a reverse J-shaped pattern. The largest numbers of species were concentrated in the smallest height class in both investigated forests because of height and diameter distribution is closely related. The total densities of seedlings and saplings were 1219 and 531 ha<sup>-1</sup> in MDF and 988 and 444 ha<sup>-1</sup> in DDF respectively. Although soil texture of (40 - 50 cm) and (90 - 100 cm) were sandy clay loam in mixed deciduous forest, the other layers of both investigated forests were sandy loam.展开更多
Isolation of a new structured acousto-optic switch based on an integrated optical polarization-independent quasi- collinear acousto-optic tunable filter is studied in detail. The factors that influence the isolation o...Isolation of a new structured acousto-optic switch based on an integrated optical polarization-independent quasi- collinear acousto-optic tunable filter is studied in detail. The factors that influence the isolation of the optical switch are analysed, the expressions of the isolation are educed, and the isolation of the device is measured in experiment. It is found that the isolation mainly depends on the TE/TM mode intensity ratio, the mode-splitter extinction rate, and the conversion efficiency.展开更多
In 2000, the central bank of China adopted a policy to gradually liberalize its interest rate, and thus raised the curtain of competition over interest rate among the banks in China. The objective of this study is to ...In 2000, the central bank of China adopted a policy to gradually liberalize its interest rate, and thus raised the curtain of competition over interest rate among the banks in China. The objective of this study is to put a focus on the existing banking market environment and thereafter the gaming behaviors of the banks on different stages given the interest rate is loosened gradually as scheduled.展开更多
A commercially pure titanium sheet with titanium carbide (TiC) precipitated in its surface layer was anodized in NH4NO3 aqueous solution and heat treated in air. The photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide powder ...A commercially pure titanium sheet with titanium carbide (TiC) precipitated in its surface layer was anodized in NH4NO3 aqueous solution and heat treated in air. The photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide powder collected from the surface of the anodized titanium sheet was evaluated under ultra-violet and visible light irradiation. It showed relatively high photocatalytic activity in 0.1 mol/l potassium iodide solution, which was almost equal to the activity level of TiO2 powder (P-25) manufactured by Degussa Corporation. The better photocatalytic activity under ultra-violet irradiation is considered to be related to the formation of anatase type titanium dioxide. Photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation was also observed, which was considered to be attributable to impurity doping, (carbon), in the titanium dioxide powder.展开更多
Black-colored titanium was obtained by anodic oxidation of a commercially pure grade-1 titanium sheet in a 0.06 M NH4NO3 solution, followed by heat treatment at 773 K for 1 h in a vacuum furnace. The resulting oxide l...Black-colored titanium was obtained by anodic oxidation of a commercially pure grade-1 titanium sheet in a 0.06 M NH4NO3 solution, followed by heat treatment at 773 K for 1 h in a vacuum furnace. The resulting oxide layer on the titanium substrate was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, glow discharge spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the oxide layer on the black-colored titanium sheet was several micrometers thick and mainly consisted of rutile TiO2 exhibiting a sponge like nanoporous structure. It is considered that the black-colored appearance of the titanium sheet is due to the sponge like nanoporous structure of the oxide layer absorbing the incident light. The photocatalytic activity of the black-colored titanium sheet was examined by observing the decomposition of a methylene blue (MB, C16H18N3SCl) solution under ultraviolet irradiation due to the existence of rutile TiO2. The sheet also exhibited photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. It is believed that the photocatalytic response upon irradiation with white light is due to carbon doping of the titanium oxide layer on the titanium substrate.展开更多
A commercially pure titanium sheet precipitated TiC in the surface layer was fabricated by anodic oxidation in NH4NO3 solution and heat treatment in air. The fabricated sheet showed relatively high photocatalytic acti...A commercially pure titanium sheet precipitated TiC in the surface layer was fabricated by anodic oxidation in NH4NO3 solution and heat treatment in air. The fabricated sheet showed relatively high photocatalytic activity in 0.1 M KI solution, which was close to the activity level of the P-25 particle made by Degussa Corporation. It exhibited photocatalytic activity in antifungal and antivirus tests under black light irradiation. The better photocatalytic activity under black light irradiation is considered to be related to the formation of anatase and rutile type titanium dioxides and rough surface. It also showed photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, which is considered to be attributable to carbon and nitrogen doping in titanium dioxide.展开更多
Poly(ADP-ribose)(PAR),a polymer of ADP-ribose,is synthesized by PAR po-lymerase and is crucial for the survival of cancer cells due to its vital functions in DNA repair and post-translational modifications.Beyond its ...Poly(ADP-ribose)(PAR),a polymer of ADP-ribose,is synthesized by PAR po-lymerase and is crucial for the survival of cancer cells due to its vital functions in DNA repair and post-translational modifications.Beyond its supportive role,PAR also triggers cancer cell death by excessive accumulation of PAR leading to an energy crisis and parthanatos.This phenomenon underscores the potential of targeting PAR regulation as a novel anticancer strategy,and the rationale would present an engaging topic in the field of anticancer research.Therefore,this editorial provides an overview of the mechanisms determining cancer cell fate,emphasizing the central role of PAR.It further introduces promising methods for modulating PAR concentrations that may pave the way for innovative anticancer therapies.展开更多
China’s refining capacity of crude oil reached 477 million tons by the end of last year, ranking the second in the world. CNPC and Sinopec now own 27 percent of the country’s oil refineries with a combined refining ...China’s refining capacity of crude oil reached 477 million tons by the end of last year, ranking the second in the world. CNPC and Sinopec now own 27 percent of the country’s oil refineries with a combined refining capacity amounting to 76 percent of the country’s total. As展开更多
文摘The adaptive power control of CDMA （Code Division Multiple Access） communications between multiple MSs （Mobile Stations） with a link-budget based SIR （Signal-to-lnterference Ratio） estimate is applied to inner loop power control algorithms. CTR （Consecutive Transmit-Power-Control Ratio） calculated from these algorithms can estimate MS speed, together with MS moving distance, but cannot estimate MS position. In this paper, RRH （Remote Radio Head） is introduced and it is concluded that BS （Base Station） calculates MS distance with CTR from one of RRHs, in addition BS that has RSSIs （Received Signal Strength Indicators） information from other two RRHs can estimate MS position.
文摘The study of Tang et al investigated the distribution and dynamic changes of cell populations in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer(GC)patients using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq).This comprehensive analysis highlights key interactions within the tumor microenvironment across different GC stages.Discussing applications of scRNA-seq data in clinical settings could pave the way for developing promising and personalized therapeutic strategies for GC patients.Therefore,further exploration of selecting anticancer drug candidates through gene screening derived from scRNA-seq will provide deeper insights into GC care.
文摘Against the backdrop of the gradual deepening of interest rate liberalization,the decline in effective credit demand,the intensification of competitive involution among commercial banks,and the complex international economic and trade situation,commercial banks in China's mainland have entered a stage of low interest rates and narrow interest margins.Coupled with the continuous exposure of risks in retail customer groups and small and micro enterprises,many commercial banks have chosen to phase in expanding and strengthening their corporate business segments to smoothly navigate economic cycles and enhance operational resilience and sustainability.How the corporate business segment optimizes its asset-liability structure through asset allocation to achieve high-quality development is a major issue worthy of consideration by the entire industry.From the perspective of a medium-sized national commercial bank,this paper explores and proposes four key basic customer groups,six asset allocation models,and fourteen key industries for layout,for reference,and research.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(Grant No.JB0705)the Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(Grant No.J0716)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40272015,40672022)the China Geology Survey Grant(Grant Nos.1212010511607,200213000042)
文摘A new macrofossil Lagerstatte was discovered from the uppermost Ediacaran Jiucheng Member at Jinning and Jiangchuan of the eastern Yunnan, yielding numerous diverse well-preserved thallophyte macrofossils. These include the previously-known representatives of vendobionts, Vendotaenia and Tyrasotaenia, and the biggish multicellular benthos such as Chuaria-like and Tawuia- like fossiis, as well as Longfengshaniaceaens with diverse holdfast structures. There are still some other problematic macrofossils with peculiar configurations as well as uncertain relatives. The distinct dominance of the giant, unbranching thallophytes occasionally with holdfast structures distinguishes this assemblage from the other Ediacaran macrofossil Lagerstattes in the Doushantuo Formation at Miaohe, Wenghui and Lantian, and the contemporary assemblage in the Shibantan Member of Dengying Formation, Yangtze Gorges area. This paper outlines the characteristics of some of the multicellular macrofossils from the Jiucheng Member at Jiangchuan. They include some macrofossils with different types of holdfast structure, larger Chuaria-like and Tawuia-like morphology and questionable affinities as well. The discovery of greater diverse macrofossil assemblages from the Jiucheng Member of eastern Yunnan has further indicated that an important diversification and evolutionary radiation of metaphytes took place in the latest Ediacaran time. This radiation of largescale, benthic metaphyte along with phytoplankton was likely important contributors to the early Cambrian explosion of metazoans.
文摘Ordovician conodonts representing 28 genera and 28 named and three unnamed species were identified from 740 chert and siliceous siltstone spot samples(>3000 thin sections)from deep-water turbiditic sequences of the Lachlan Orogen in central and southern New South Wales,Australia.Based on these faunas,a new conodont biozonal scheme has been established to divide the Ordovician turbiditic successions of the Lachlan Orogen into 12 superbiozones and biozones.They are(in ascending order)the Paracordylodus gracilis Superbiozone(including the Prioniodus oepiki Biozone),Periodon flabellum Superbiozone(including the Oepikodus evae Biozone in the lower part),Periodon hankensis Biozone,Periodon aculeatus Superbiozone(including the Histiodella labiosa,Histiodella holodentata,Histiodella kristinae,Pygodus serra and Pygodus anserinus biozones)and the Periodon grandis Biozone.The Pygodus anserinus Biozone is divided further into the lower and upper subbiozones.This new conodont biozonation scheme spanning the upper Tremadocian to middle Katian interval permits precise age-dating and correlation of deep-water siliciclastic rocks that characterize the Ordovician Deep-Sea Realm regionally and internationally.
文摘We report a case of a 21-year-old man who had severe traumatic brain injury as a result of an accident at the age of 16 years. Two years and 4 months after the trauma, at the age of 19 years, he still had severe right hemiplegia and cognitive dysfunction including aphasia and attention and memory disturbance. Conventional rehabilitation programs cou（d not resolve all of the neuropsychological problems. He started receiving Goshinjo therapy over a period of 22 months. Following the therapy, significant improvements in verbal intelligence quotient （assessed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition） and attention and concentration function （using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised）, and remission of traumatic epilepsy were observed. Goshinjo therapy is suspected to be effective in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in the chronic stage after severe traumatic brain injury.
文摘BACKGROUND：In Hong Kong, the reorganization of healthcare frame work for better utilization of resources has led to an increase in the frequency of inter-facility transport in recent years. An Inter-Facility Transport Triage Guideline （IFTTG） was introduced and evaluated on its compliance and performance. This study aimed to evaluate the compliance to the IFTTG and performance of inter-facility transport after the IFTTG was implemented. METHODS： The patients who required emergency IFT with accompanying personnel in two consecutive periods （pre-implementation period： January 1,2006 to April 30, 2006; post-implementation period： May 1,2006 to August 31,2006） were included. The compliance to pre-transport triage and transport team configuration was evaluated by a review panel with eight performance indicators identified. The performance indicators were compared individually and as an overall score. RESULTS：Sixty-eight （26 in the pre-implementation period and 42 in the post-implementation period） IFTs were reviewed. There was demonstrable improvement on compliance to the IFTTG. The appropriateness of pre-transport triage increased from 34.6% to 54.8% whereas appropriateness of transport team configuration rose significantly from 73.1% to 92.9% （P〈0.05）. Staff performance on individual IFT performance indicator was satisfactory in both periods and the means of overall score on performance indicators were 7.12 and 7.29 respectively. The most improved performance indicator was the appropriateness of transport team configuration. CONCLUSIONS： The compliance and performance with the newly implemented IFTTG were satisfactory. However, staff comment and satisfaction with the use of the new guideline should be collected so as to achieve continuous quality improvement.
文摘Myanmar is located in Southeast Asia within the Mekong River Basin. The estimated annual surface and groundwater potentials are 1 081 km^3 and 494 km^3, respectively. Based on geological conditions, 11 different types of aquifers have been classified in Myanmar. The recent alluvial formation, Irrawaddy formation, Upper Pegu Group and Plateau limestone formation are the major water-bearing geologic formations of the country. In Myanmar, 89% of the groundwater is used for agriculture, approximately 8% is used for domestic consumption, and 3% is used for industrial purposes. Climate change projections for Myanmar from 2001 to 2100 predict general increases in temperature, clear-sky days, rainfall variability and flooding risks and a greater occurrence and intensity of extreme weather events across the country. Additional technology and investments are required to achieve groundwater resource security in response to climate changes. In addition, methods of ensuring the sustainability of groundwater resources must be implemented via collaborations with other countries and international sources.
文摘Objective: To determine the asymptomatic dengue infection in adults of Pakistani population.Methods: This study was conducted in five major cities(Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore,Multan, and Peshawar) of Pakistan.A total of 5 230 adults aged 18 years and above without a history of dengue fever at any point in their life were enrolled from participating laboratories.Those who were confirmed for dengue previously were excluded.Of the total, 62.6%(n = 3 276) were male with an average age of 34.6 years.Participants were briefed about the objectives of the study, and written consent was obtained to perform dengue Ig G test using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The brief information related to age, gender and area was also taken on proforma.Results: Overall 32.3%(n = 1 691) was having asymptomatic dengue infection which was 67.5%(n = 756) in Karachi followed by 39.1%(n = 391) in Islamabad, 29.9%(n =316) in Lahore and 21%(n = 228) in Peshawar and none from Multan.More males were affected with asymptomatic dengue infection than females.The asymptomatic dengue infection was significantly higher in different cities; however, there was no significant difference with respect to age groups.Conclusions: The asymptomatic dengue infection is higher in cities i.e.Karachi,Islamabad and Lahore which are at risk of developing secondary dengue infections.There is a need of awareness among the public about secondary dengue infection.
文摘Patterns of woody regeneration in terms of species composition and diversity were studied in mixed deciduous forest (MDF) and deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF) in Minbyin reserved forest of Lewe Township. A total of 57 plant species of MDF belonging to 28 families and 342 individuals and 25 plant species of DDF consist of 15 families and 285 individuals were identified. Plant species diversity was quantitatively higher in the MDF (H' = 3.68) compared to the DDF (H' = 2.39). Tectona grandis showed the highest density (30), dominance (4.40 m<sup>2</sup>) and IVI (27.01) of MDF and Dipterocarpus tuberculatus also composed the highest density (109), dominance (9.02 m<sup>2</sup>) and IVI (81.87) in DDF. The smallest diameter class (10 - 20 cm) comprised with 29 species, 103 individuals in MDF and 18 species, 85 individuals in DDF. The size class distribution displayed a reverse J-shaped pattern. The largest numbers of species were concentrated in the smallest height class in both investigated forests because of height and diameter distribution is closely related. The total densities of seedlings and saplings were 1219 and 531 ha<sup>-1</sup> in MDF and 988 and 444 ha<sup>-1</sup> in DDF respectively. Although soil texture of (40 - 50 cm) and (90 - 100 cm) were sandy clay loam in mixed deciduous forest, the other layers of both investigated forests were sandy loam.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 60478036.
文摘Isolation of a new structured acousto-optic switch based on an integrated optical polarization-independent quasi- collinear acousto-optic tunable filter is studied in detail. The factors that influence the isolation of the optical switch are analysed, the expressions of the isolation are educed, and the isolation of the device is measured in experiment. It is found that the isolation mainly depends on the TE/TM mode intensity ratio, the mode-splitter extinction rate, and the conversion efficiency.
文摘In 2000, the central bank of China adopted a policy to gradually liberalize its interest rate, and thus raised the curtain of competition over interest rate among the banks in China. The objective of this study is to put a focus on the existing banking market environment and thereafter the gaming behaviors of the banks on different stages given the interest rate is loosened gradually as scheduled.
文摘A commercially pure titanium sheet with titanium carbide (TiC) precipitated in its surface layer was anodized in NH4NO3 aqueous solution and heat treated in air. The photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide powder collected from the surface of the anodized titanium sheet was evaluated under ultra-violet and visible light irradiation. It showed relatively high photocatalytic activity in 0.1 mol/l potassium iodide solution, which was almost equal to the activity level of TiO2 powder (P-25) manufactured by Degussa Corporation. The better photocatalytic activity under ultra-violet irradiation is considered to be related to the formation of anatase type titanium dioxide. Photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation was also observed, which was considered to be attributable to impurity doping, (carbon), in the titanium dioxide powder.
文摘Black-colored titanium was obtained by anodic oxidation of a commercially pure grade-1 titanium sheet in a 0.06 M NH4NO3 solution, followed by heat treatment at 773 K for 1 h in a vacuum furnace. The resulting oxide layer on the titanium substrate was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, glow discharge spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the oxide layer on the black-colored titanium sheet was several micrometers thick and mainly consisted of rutile TiO2 exhibiting a sponge like nanoporous structure. It is considered that the black-colored appearance of the titanium sheet is due to the sponge like nanoporous structure of the oxide layer absorbing the incident light. The photocatalytic activity of the black-colored titanium sheet was examined by observing the decomposition of a methylene blue (MB, C16H18N3SCl) solution under ultraviolet irradiation due to the existence of rutile TiO2. The sheet also exhibited photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. It is believed that the photocatalytic response upon irradiation with white light is due to carbon doping of the titanium oxide layer on the titanium substrate.
文摘A commercially pure titanium sheet precipitated TiC in the surface layer was fabricated by anodic oxidation in NH4NO3 solution and heat treatment in air. The fabricated sheet showed relatively high photocatalytic activity in 0.1 M KI solution, which was close to the activity level of the P-25 particle made by Degussa Corporation. It exhibited photocatalytic activity in antifungal and antivirus tests under black light irradiation. The better photocatalytic activity under black light irradiation is considered to be related to the formation of anatase and rutile type titanium dioxides and rough surface. It also showed photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, which is considered to be attributable to carbon and nitrogen doping in titanium dioxide.
文摘Poly(ADP-ribose)(PAR),a polymer of ADP-ribose,is synthesized by PAR po-lymerase and is crucial for the survival of cancer cells due to its vital functions in DNA repair and post-translational modifications.Beyond its supportive role,PAR also triggers cancer cell death by excessive accumulation of PAR leading to an energy crisis and parthanatos.This phenomenon underscores the potential of targeting PAR regulation as a novel anticancer strategy,and the rationale would present an engaging topic in the field of anticancer research.Therefore,this editorial provides an overview of the mechanisms determining cancer cell fate,emphasizing the central role of PAR.It further introduces promising methods for modulating PAR concentrations that may pave the way for innovative anticancer therapies.
文摘China’s refining capacity of crude oil reached 477 million tons by the end of last year, ranking the second in the world. CNPC and Sinopec now own 27 percent of the country’s oil refineries with a combined refining capacity amounting to 76 percent of the country’s total. As
