A drought is when reduced rainfall leads to a water crisis,impacting daily life.Over recent decades,droughts have affected various regions,including South Sulawesi,Indonesia.This study aims to map the probability of m...A drought is when reduced rainfall leads to a water crisis,impacting daily life.Over recent decades,droughts have affected various regions,including South Sulawesi,Indonesia.This study aims to map the probability of meteo-rological drought months using the 1-month Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)in South Sulawesi.Based on SPI,meteorological drought characteristics are inversely proportional to drought event intensity,which can be modeled using a Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,specifically the Power Law Process.The estimation method employs Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE),where drought event intensities are treated as random variables over a set time interval.Future drought months are estimated using the cumulative Power Law Process function,with theβandγparameters more significant than 0.The probability of drought months is determined using the Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,which models event occurrence over time,considering varying intensities.The results indicate that,of the 24 districts/cities in South Sulawesi,14 experienced meteorological drought based on the SPI and Power Law Process model.The estimated number of months of drought occurrence in the next 12 months is one month of drought with an occurrence probability value of 0.37 occurring in November in the Selayar,Bulukumba,Bantaeng,Jeneponto,Takalar and Gowa areas,in October in the Sinjai,Barru,Bone,Soppeng,Pinrang and Pare-pare areas,as well as in December in the Maros and Makassar areas.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:In the present study,we investigated the effects of jatropholone B from Jatropha curcas(J.curcas)on melanin synthesis in Mel-Ab cells.METHODS:Mel-Ab cells were cultured to measure melanin content and tyrosin...OBJECTIVE:In the present study,we investigated the effects of jatropholone B from Jatropha curcas(J.curcas)on melanin synthesis in Mel-Ab cells.METHODS:Mel-Ab cells were cultured to measure melanin content and tyrosinase activities.Western blotting was performed to investigate jatropholone Binduced signal transduction and measure the expression of melanogenic proteins.RESULTS:Jatropholone B decreased melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner but did not directly inhibit the activity of tyrosinase,a melanogenic enzyme.Instead,jatropholone B downregulated microphthalmiaassociated transcription factor(MITF)and tyrosinase protein levels.Therefore,we investigated jatropholone Binduced signal transduction related to MITF and tyrosinase expression.However,jatropholone B had no significant effect on Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3βphosphorylation as well asβ-catenin change.In contrast,jatropholone B was observed to phosphorylate extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)for the first time.To clarify the involvement of ERK activation in jatropholone B-induced hypopigmentation,we pretreated cells with PD98059,a specific ERK pathway inhibitor,and measured MITF and tyrosinase levels as well as melanin content.PD98059 pretreatment abrogated jatropholone B-induced downregulation of MITF and tyrosinase expression as well as reduction in melanin production.CONCLUSIONS:Based on these results,we suggest that ERK activation by jatropholone B inhibits melanogenesis via the downregulation of MITF and tyrosinase expression.Therefore,jatropholone B from J.curcas can be a candidate for developing a new skinwhitening agent.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of glutathione(GSH)supplementation in maturation and adaptation media on oocyte development,embryo quality,and oocyte viability after vitrification.Methods:The GSH concentrations were ...Objective:To evaluate the effect of glutathione(GSH)supplementation in maturation and adaptation media on oocyte development,embryo quality,and oocyte viability after vitrification.Methods:The GSH concentrations were classified into four groups(0,0.5,1.0,and 1.5 mM)which were added to the maturation medium.The maturation process was conducted in vitro for 24 h.Following maturation,oocytes were fertilized with Bali bull semen for 5-6 h and then cultured for 48 h.The morphological quality of ocytes matured with GSH addition and the vitrification method used was evaluated.Parameters assessed included maturation rate,fertilization rate,embryo development,post-vitrification oocyte morphology,and quality of post-vitrification oocytes with GSH added to the adaptation medium.Results:The addition of GSH to the maturation medium significantly improved oocyte quality and embryo development(P<0.05).Specifically,adding 1.5 mM GSH increased the percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase栻from 57.6%without GSH oocytes to 79.0%with 1.5 mM GSH,two-pronuclei fertilization from 47.0%to 72.7%,embryo development from 37.1%to 57.2%,morula formation from 14.6%to 33.7%,and blastocyst formation from 8.1%to 23.8%.Additionally,the survival rate of oocytes post-vitrification increased to 75%with GSH supplementation.Conclusions:The addition of 0.5-1.5 mM of GSH to the maturation and adaptation media significantly enhanced the metaphase栻stage,fertilization rates,cleavage rates,and the survival of oocytes after vitrification.Among the concentrations of 1.5 mM was the most effective in increasing oocyte development and maintaining oocytes viability post-vitrification.展开更多
AIM:To characterize the demographic and clinical features of ethambutol optic neuropathy(EON)in an Indonesian patient population and explore prognostic factors for visual recovery.METHODS:Retrospective study of 58 EON...AIM:To characterize the demographic and clinical features of ethambutol optic neuropathy(EON)in an Indonesian patient population and explore prognostic factors for visual recovery.METHODS:Retrospective study of 58 EON patients at an Indonesian eye center(2017-2022).Demographics,ethambutol treatment,ophthalmologic findings were collected.Visual outcomes after ethambutol cessation assessed at 3-12mo.Patients categorized as having visual improvement(≥2 Snellen lines and/or>5°visual field gain)or no improvement.RESULTS:Mean age was 55.5±12.9y,with 56.9%females.Median duration of ethambutol use was 9mo(range:2-20)at a mean daily dose of 19.7±5.3 mg/kg.At presentation,mean visual acuity was 1.3 logMAR(range:0-2.5),with normal fundus appearance in 72.4%of eyes.The most common visual field defect was generalized depression(52.4%).After ethambutol cessation,56.9%of patients had visual improvement.Younger age(50.24±13.8y vs 62.14±8.9y,P<0.01),lower ethambutol dose(17.3±5 vs 23.3±2.9 mg/kg‧d,P<0.01),shorter treatment duration(6.79±2.6mo vs 10.27±1.2mo,P<0.01),and absence of hypertension(16%vs 83%,P=0.012)or kidney disease(0 vs 83%,P<0.01)were associated with higher likelihood of visual improvement.Diabetes did not differ between groups(P=0.889).CONCLUSION:Over half experience visual recovery after ethambutol cessation.Younger age,lower cumulative dose,absence of hypertension or kidney disease predict better visual outcomes.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis B that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HBV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis B that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HBV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to I)and 1 putative genotype(J),each with specific geographical distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in the patient.This diversity may be associated with the precision medicine for HBV-related HCC and the success of therapeutical approaches against HCC,related to different pathogenicity of the virus and host response.This Editorial discusses recent updates on whether the classification of HBV genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to the HCC and its precision medicine,in addition to the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology technologies.展开更多
We specifically addressed the persistent challenge of dengue in endemic regions,highlighting the potential seriousness of dengue infection through vertical trans-mission.Vertical dengue transmission has been well docu...We specifically addressed the persistent challenge of dengue in endemic regions,highlighting the potential seriousness of dengue infection through vertical trans-mission.Vertical dengue transmission has been well documented,particularly in hyper-endemic regions,including Ecuador.Herein,we present a neonate diagno-sed with congenital dengue and review similar cases from previously published reports.Although congenital dengue is commonly infected with severe serotypes of DENV(DENV-1 and DENV-2)infections,favorable outcomes are generally observed.展开更多
Jeneberang watershed is vital,particularly for people living in Gowa Regency(South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia),who benefit from its many advantages.Landslides and floods occur every year in the Jeneberang watershed,s...Jeneberang watershed is vital,particularly for people living in Gowa Regency(South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia),who benefit from its many advantages.Landslides and floods occur every year in the Jeneberang watershed,so it is imperative to understand the socio-economic vulnerability of this region.This research aims to identify the vulnerability level of the Jeneberang watershed so that the government can prioritize areas with high vulnerability level and formulate effective strategies to reduce these the vulnerability.Specifically,this study was conducted in 12 districts located in the Jeneberang watershed.The primary data were collected from questionnaires completed by community members,community leaders,and various stakeholders,and the secondary data were from the Landsat satellite imagery in 2020,the Badan Push Statistic of Gowa Regency,and some governmental agencies.The socio-economic vulnerability variables were determined using the Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)method,and each variable was weighted and analyzed using the Geographical Information System(GIS).The study reveals that the levels of socio-economic vulnerability are affected by variables such as population density,vulnerable groups(disabled people,elderly people,and young people),road network and settlement,percentage of poor people,and productive land area in the Jeneberang watershed.Moreover,all of the 12 districts in the Jeneberang watershed are included in the medium vulnerability level,with the mean percentage of socio-economic vulnerability around 50.92%.The socio-economic vulnerability of Bajeng,Pallangga,and Somba Opu districts is categorized at high level,the socio-economic vulnerability of Bungaya,Parangloe,and Tombolo Pao districts is classified as medium level,and the remaining 6 districts(Barombong,Bontolempangan,Bontomarannu,Manuju,Parigi,and Tinggimoncong)are ranked as low socio-economic vulnerability.This study can help policy-makers to formulate strategy that contributes to the protection of biodiversity and sustainable development of the Jeneberang watershed,while improving disaster resilience and preparedness of the watershed.展开更多
When a patient falls within a hospital setting,there is a significant increase in the risk of severe injury or health complications.Recognizing factors associated with such falls is crucial to mitigate their impact on...When a patient falls within a hospital setting,there is a significant increase in the risk of severe injury or health complications.Recognizing factors associated with such falls is crucial to mitigate their impact on patient safety.This review seeks to analyze the factors contributing to patient falls in hospitals.The main goal is to enhance our understanding of the reasons behind these falls,enabling hospitals to devise more effective prevention strategies.This study reviewed literature published from 2013 to 2022,using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology for a scoping review.The research literature was searched from seven databases,namely,PubMed,ScienceDirect,Wiley Library,Garuda,Global Index Medicus,Emerald Insight,and Google Scholar.The inclusion criteria comprised both qualitative and quantitative primary and secondary data studies centered on hospitalized patients.Out of the 893 studies analyzed,23 met the criteria and were included in this review.Although there is not an abundance of relevant literature,this review identified several factors associated with falls in hospitals.These encompass environmental,patient,staff,and medical factors.This study offers valuable insights for hospitals and medical personnel aiming to enhance fall prevention practices.Effective prevention efforts should prioritize early identification of patient risk factors,enhancement of the care environment,thorough training for care staff,and vigilant supervision of high-risk patients.By comprehending the factors that contribute to patient falls,hospitals can bolster patient safety and mitigate the adverse effects of falls within the health-care setting.展开更多
Triassic-Jurassic carbonates widely distributed in Eastern Indonesia are believed as oils source rock. The Mesozoic Tokala Formation exhibit source rock potential, as evidenced by high contents of organic matter. Rece...Triassic-Jurassic carbonates widely distributed in Eastern Indonesia are believed as oils source rock. The Mesozoic Tokala Formation exhibit source rock potential, as evidenced by high contents of organic matter. Recent exploration has been conducted in southeastern Sulawesi, targeting the Mesozoic intervals. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to determine source rock potential of Tokala Formation outcropped in southeastern Sulawesi area and its capability to generate hydrocarbon. Five distinct lithofacies were delineated, emphasizing lithological and mineralogical features: foraminifera wackestone (FW), lime mudstone (LM), massive bioturbated calcareous-argillaceous shale (MBCAS), weakly laminated argillaceous-calcareous shale (WLACS), and strongly laminated calcareous-argillaceous shale (SLCAS). Subsequent analyses showed that carbonate-rich samples (FW and LM facies, >50% CaO) had poor source rock potential. Conversely, shale facies with moderate carbonate content (WLACS, MBCAS, and SLCAS, 15% - 50% CaO) had good to excellent source rock characteristics, qualifying them as preferable source rock. In addition, levels of SiO2 and Al2O3 should not be neglected, as these constituents play important roles in clay mineral adsorption. Laminated shale facies with moderate CaO content tended to be more promising as source rock than bioturbated facies. The shale facies of Tokala Formation indicate prospective source rock horizon.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to determine the effect of the relaxation breathing exercise(RBE)on fatigue and cortisol levels among Indonesian women with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:This pilot st...Objective:This study aimed to determine the effect of the relaxation breathing exercise(RBE)on fatigue and cortisol levels among Indonesian women with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:This pilot study consecutively recruited 44 gynecological cancer patients to receive RBE(22)or usual care(22).Cortisol level was measured before and after completion of the intervention(day 8).Fatigue was measured using the Piper Fatigue Scale(PFS).Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)at the baseline days of the study for days 1,4,and 8.The obtained data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test,the independent t-test,and the Mann-Whitney U test.Results:There were significant increases in cortisol levels within the groups,either the intervention or control groups,respectively(P-value=0.0003 and 0.001).Despite there being no statistical significance between the intervention and control groups,there were noticeable differences in the cortisol levels,indicating the extreme increase in cortisol levels in the control group(Median[IQR1-IQR3]:2.30[0.99-9.09];Min-Max:0.43-23.38)compared with the intervention group(Median[IQR1-IQR3]=2.97[1.26-5.18];Min-Max=0.39-6.91).Conclusions:RBE helps prevent a significant increase in cortisol levels that can alleviate fatigue for women with gynecological cancer.Further research was recommended to compare several intervention modalities for fatigue and cancer-related symptom management based on cortisol level changes.展开更多
We report for the first time the geochemistry of rare earth elements（REE） in the weathered crusts of I-type and calc-alkaline to high-K（shoshonitic） granitic rocks at Mamasa and Palu region, Sulawesi Island, Indon...We report for the first time the geochemistry of rare earth elements（REE） in the weathered crusts of I-type and calc-alkaline to high-K（shoshonitic） granitic rocks at Mamasa and Palu region, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. The weathered crusts can be divided into horizon A（lateritic profile） and B（weathered horizon）. Quartz, albite, kaolinite, halloysite and montmorrilonite prevail in the weathered crust. Both weathered profiles show that the total REE increased from the parent rocks to the horizon B but significantly decrease toward the upper part（horizon A）. LREE are enriched toward the upper part of the profile as shown by La/YbN value. However, HREE concentrations are high in horizon B1 in Palu profile. The total REE content of the weathered crust are relatively elevated compared to the parent rocks, particularly in the lower part of horizon B in Mamasa profile and in horizon B2 in Palu profile. This suggests that REE-bearing accessory minerals may be resistant against weathering and may remain as residual phase in the weathered crusts. The normalized isocon diagram shows that the mass balance of major and REE components between each horizon in Mamasa and Palu weathering profile are different. The positive Ce anomaly in the horizon A of Mamasa profile indicated that Ce is rapidly precipitated during weathering and retain at the upper soil horizon.展开更多
Landslide susceptibility maps(LSMs) play a vital role in assisting land use planning and risk mitigation. This study aims to optimize causative factors using logistic regression(LR) and an artificial neural network(AN...Landslide susceptibility maps(LSMs) play a vital role in assisting land use planning and risk mitigation. This study aims to optimize causative factors using logistic regression(LR) and an artificial neural network(ANN) to produce a LSM. The LSM is produced with 11 causative factors and then optimized using forward-stepwise LR(FSLR), ANN, and their combination(FSLR-ANN) until eight causative factors were found for each method. The ANN method produced superior validation results compared with LR. The ROC values for the training data set ranges between 0.8 and 0.9. On the other hand, validation with the percentage of landslide fall into LSM class high and very high, ANN method was higher(92.59%) than LR(82.12%). FSLR-ANN with nine causative factors gave the best validation results with respect to area under curve(AUC) values, and validation with the percentage of landslide fall into LSM class high and very high. In conclusion, ANN was found to be better than LR when producing LSMs. The best Optimization was combination of FSLR-ANN with nine causative factors and AUC success rate 0.847, predictive rate 0.844 and validation with landslide fall into high and very high class with 91.30%. It is an encouraging preliminary model towards a systematic introduction of FSLR-ANN model for optimization causative factors in landslide susceptibility assessment in the mountainous area of Ujung Loe Watershed.展开更多
Bulukumba Regency is one of the major rice-producing areas in South Sulawesi,Indonesia and has experienced frequent climate disasters over the past decade.Several downstream villages within the Bettu River irrigation ...Bulukumba Regency is one of the major rice-producing areas in South Sulawesi,Indonesia and has experienced frequent climate disasters over the past decade.Several downstream villages within the Bettu River irrigation area have been affected by the drought,culminating in reduced lowland rice production and increasing the vulnerability of farmers’livelihoods.This study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of the livelihood system among rice farmers in the Bettu River irrigation area by classifying the area into two zones based on the distance from the main irrigation canal,namely the upstream area and downstream area.The livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)framework and livelihood vulnerability index-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(LVI-IPCC)approach were applied by selecting geographic and socio-demographic indicators that affected the farmer households,including 8 major components and 26 sup-components.The data for LVI-IPCC estimation were collected by randomly selecting 132 households from villages in the two areas.The empirical results showed that farmers in the downstream area were more vulnerable to climate change than farmers in the upstream area.The major components causing the livelihood vulnerability of the downstream farmers were livelihood strategy,food,water,land,and health,as well as natural disasters and climate variability.In particular,the sub-components of agricultural livelihood diversification,consistent water supply for farming,and drought events were important in the downstream area.Farmers in the upstream area were vulnerable to socio-demographic profile and social network components.The LVI-IPCC findings suggested that the government should prioritize farmers in the downstream area to develop resilience strategies,particularly by increasing irrigation infrastructure and the number of reservoirs and drilling holes.Furthermore,to increase their adaptive capacity in terms of diversification of agricultural livelihood systems,the government and donor agencies need to provide trainings on the development of home food industries for poor farmers and vulnerable households that were affected by disasters.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an epidemic burden and remains highly prevalent worldwide.The significant mortality rates of HCC are largely due to the tendency of late diagnosis and the multifaceted,complex nature of...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an epidemic burden and remains highly prevalent worldwide.The significant mortality rates of HCC are largely due to the tendency of late diagnosis and the multifaceted,complex nature of treatment.Meanwhile,current therapeutic modalities such as liver resection and transplantation are only effective for resolving early-stage HCC.Hence,alt-ernative approaches are required to improve detection and enhance the efficacy of current treatment options.Nanotheranostic platforms,which utilize biocompatible nanoparticles to perform both diagnostics and targeted delivery,has been considered a potential approach for cancer management in the past few decades.Advancement of nanomaterials and biomedical engineering techniques has led to rapid expansion of the nanotheranostics field,allowing for more sensitive and specific diagnosis,real-time monitoring of drug delivery,and enhanced treatment efficacies across various malignancies.The focus of this review is on the applications of nanotheranostics for HCC.The review first explores the current epidemiology and the commonly encountered obstacles in HCC diagnosis and treatment.It then presents the current technological and functional advancements in nanotheranostic technology for cancer in general,and then specifically explores the use of nanotheranostic modalities as a promising option to address the key challenges present in HCC management.展开更多
Potential fishing zones for skipjack tuna in the Bone Bay-Flores Sea were investigated from satellite-based oceanography and catch data, using a linear model (generalized linear model) constructed from generalized add...Potential fishing zones for skipjack tuna in the Bone Bay-Flores Sea were investigated from satellite-based oceanography and catch data, using a linear model (generalized linear model) constructed from generalized additive models and geographic information systems. Monthly mean remotely sensed sea surface temperature and surface chlorophyll-a concentration during the southeast monsoon (April-August) were used for the year 2012. The best generalized additive model was selected to assess the effect of marine environment variables (sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration) on skipjack tuna abundance (catch per unit effort). Then, the appropriate linear model was constructed from the functional relationship of the generalized additive model for generating a robust predictive model. Model selection process for the generalized additive model was based on significance of model terms, decrease in residual deviance, and increase in cumulative variance explained, whereas the model selection for the linear model was based on decrease in residual deviance, reduction in Akaike’s Information Criterion, increasing cumulative variance explained and significance of model terms. The best model was selected to predict skipjack tuna abundance and their spatial distribution patterns over entire study area. A simple linear model was used to verify the predicted values. Results indicated that the distribution pattern of potential fishing zones for skipjack during the southeast monsoon were well characterized by sea surface temperatures ranging from 28.5℃ to 30.5 ℃ and chlorophyll-a ranging from 0.10 to 0.20 mg·m-3. Predicted highest catch per unit efforts were significantly consistent with the fishing data (P 2 = 0.8), suggesting that the oceanographic indicators may correspond well with the potential feeding ground for skipjack tuna. This good feeding opportunity for skipjack was driven the dynamics of upwelling operating within study area which are capable of creating a highly potential fishing zone during the southeast monsoon.展开更多
Wave energy resource assessment and trends around Indonesian’s ocean has been carried out by means of analyzing satellite observations. Wave energy flux or wave power can be approximated using parameterized sea state...Wave energy resource assessment and trends around Indonesian’s ocean has been carried out by means of analyzing satellite observations. Wave energy flux or wave power can be approximated using parameterized sea states derived from satellite data. Unfortunately, only some surface parameters can be measured from remote sensing satellites, for example for ocean surface waves: significant wave height. Others, like peak wave period and energy period are not available, but can instead be estimated using empirical models. The results have been assessed by meteorological season. The assessment shows clearly where and when the wave power resource is promising around Indonesian’s ocean. The most striking result was found from June to August, in which about 30–40 kW/m(the 90 th percentile: 40–60 kW/m, the 99th percentile: 50–70 kW/m) wave power energy on average has been found around south of the Java Island. The significant trends of wave energy at the 95% level have also been studied and it is found that the trends only occurred for the extreme cases, which is the 99th percentile(i.e.,highest 1%). Wave power energy could increase up to 150 W/m per year. The significant wave heights and wave power have been compared with the results obtained from global wave model hindcast carried out by wave model WAVEWATCH III. The comparisons indicated excellent agreements.展开更多
Objective: To compare the levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), soluble endoglin and endothelin-1 in the serum of patients with severe preeclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet...Objective: To compare the levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), soluble endoglin and endothelin-1 in the serum of patients with severe preeclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome and normal pregnancies. Methods: This study was an observational analytic cross-sectional study performed at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia, in the period of 5th February 2016 to 20th January 2017. P38 MAPK, soluble endoglin and endothelin-1 levels of patients with normal pregnancies, severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbentassay technique, using kits of human soluble endoglin, endothelin-1 and p38 MAPK, Quantikine immunoassay: R&D System Inc. Results: Level of serum p38 MAPK in HELLP syndrome group was higher than in severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancy groups. Soluble endoglin and endothelin-1 levels in pregnancies with severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome were higher than normal pregnancy but there was no significant difference between these two groups (P>0.05). Levels of p38 MAPK, soluble endoglin and endothelin-1 also had a positive linear correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P<0.05). Conclusions: P38 MAPK in serum may be a marker for evidence of the severe hypoxia and its application may be considered for the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome.展开更多
Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine the self-care practices and health-seeking behaviours of older adults in urban Indonesia.Methods:The cross-sectional study was performed from January to March 2014 in the T...Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine the self-care practices and health-seeking behaviours of older adults in urban Indonesia.Methods:The cross-sectional study was performed from January to March 2014 in the Tammua sub-district of Indonesia.At the time of the study,273 older adults resided in Tammua,and half of them(51.2%)participated in this study.Data collection was carried out including self-care practices,health literacy,self-efficacy and basic conditioning factors.Results:It was found that most respondents(124;88.6%)always ate various protein sources daily.However,many participants never limited consumption of sugar(55;39.3%)or salt(40;28.6%),and more than half of respondents(96;68.6%)did not regularly visit MHCs.Health status(p<0.05),health maintenance(p<0.01)and salt limitation(p<0.05)were all significantly associated with salt limitation.It was found that respondents with higher selfefficacy,those who did not want to get information,and those of younger ages are less likely to visit MHCs regularly.Conclusion:An understanding of self-care practices and self-efficacy is needed to improve health care in developing countries.High self-efficacy should be promoted along with adequate health literacy.Older persons should learn the importance of regular health examinations to promote health,prevent diseases,and slow the progress of chronic diseases.The number of respondents who never limit their sugar and salt intake was especially surprising.An intervention program should be developed to limit salt and sugar intake of Indonesian elderly and to motivate older persons to use primary health services.展开更多
AIM： To identify the distribution of hepatitis B virus （HBV） subgenotype and basal core promoter （BCP） mutations among patients with HBV-associated liver disease in Indonesia.METHODS： Patients with chronic hepat...AIM： To identify the distribution of hepatitis B virus （HBV） subgenotype and basal core promoter （BCP） mutations among patients with HBV-associated liver disease in Indonesia.METHODS： Patients with chronic hepatitis （CH, n =61）, liver cirrhosis （LC, n = 62）, and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC, n = 48） were included in this study. HBV subgenotype was identified based on S or preS gene sequence, and mutations in the HBx gene including the overlapping BCP region were examined by direct sequencing.RESULTS： HBV genotype B （subgenotypes B2, B3, B4, 85 and B7） the major genotype in the samples, accounted for 75.4%, 71.0% and 75.0% of CH, LC and HCC patients, respectively, while the genotype C （subgenotypes C1, C2 and C3） was detected in 24.6%, 29.0%, and 25.0% of CH, LC, and HCC patients, respectively. Subgenotypes B3 （84.9%） and C1 （82.2%） were the main subgenotype in HBV genotype B and C, respectively. Serotype adw2 （84.9%） and adrq＋ （89.4%） were the most prevalent in HBV genotype B and C, respectively. Double mutation （A1762T/G1764A） in the BCP was significantly higher in LC （59.7%） and HCC （54.2%） than in CH （19.7%）, suggesting that this mutation was associated with severity of liver disease. The T1753V was also higher in LC （46.8%）, but lower in HCC （22.9%） and CH （18.0%）, suggesting that this mutation may be an indicator of cirrhosis.CONCLUSION： HBV genotype B/B3 and C/C1 are the major genotypes in Indonesia. Mutations in BCP, such as A1762T/G1764A and T1753V, might have an association with manifestations of liver disease.展开更多
In this study,the influence of sodium hydroxide(NaOH)treatment and microwave treatment of coir fibers on the mechanical and physical properties of pressed coir fiber/epoxy composite were evaluated.The composite was fa...In this study,the influence of sodium hydroxide(NaOH)treatment and microwave treatment of coir fibers on the mechanical and physical properties of pressed coir fiber/epoxy composite were evaluated.The composite was fabricated with a hand lay-up method with compression molding.Before composite fabrication,pressed coir fiber was treated with NaOH and microwave treatments.Mechanical testing(tensile,flexural,and impact testing)of the composite was conducted.Then,water absorption and thickness swelling testing are also performed.The fractured composite surface morphology after the tensile test was analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM).The results revealed that tensile,flexural,and impact strengths of composite tend to increase after NaOH treatment of coir fiber followed by microwave treatment for 10 and 20 minutes of exposure time compared to untreated fiber.However,for NaOH treatment,the tensile,flexural and,impact strengths of composite reduce.The reducing of the tensile strength of the composite is due to the agglomeration fiber occurred,which is displayed in the SEM micrograph.Furthermore,microwave treatment of fiber for 10 minutes and NaOH treatment followed by microwave treatment for 20 minutes of exposure time decreases the water absorption and thickness swelling of the composite.展开更多
基金funded by Hasanuddin University,grant number 00309/UN4.22/PT.01.03/2024.
文摘A drought is when reduced rainfall leads to a water crisis,impacting daily life.Over recent decades,droughts have affected various regions,including South Sulawesi,Indonesia.This study aims to map the probability of meteo-rological drought months using the 1-month Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)in South Sulawesi.Based on SPI,meteorological drought characteristics are inversely proportional to drought event intensity,which can be modeled using a Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,specifically the Power Law Process.The estimation method employs Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE),where drought event intensities are treated as random variables over a set time interval.Future drought months are estimated using the cumulative Power Law Process function,with theβandγparameters more significant than 0.The probability of drought months is determined using the Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,which models event occurrence over time,considering varying intensities.The results indicate that,of the 24 districts/cities in South Sulawesi,14 experienced meteorological drought based on the SPI and Power Law Process model.The estimated number of months of drought occurrence in the next 12 months is one month of drought with an occurrence probability value of 0.37 occurring in November in the Selayar,Bulukumba,Bantaeng,Jeneponto,Takalar and Gowa areas,in October in the Sinjai,Barru,Bone,Soppeng,Pinrang and Pare-pare areas,as well as in December in the Maros and Makassar areas.
基金the Chung-Ang University Young Scientist Scholarship。
文摘OBJECTIVE:In the present study,we investigated the effects of jatropholone B from Jatropha curcas(J.curcas)on melanin synthesis in Mel-Ab cells.METHODS:Mel-Ab cells were cultured to measure melanin content and tyrosinase activities.Western blotting was performed to investigate jatropholone Binduced signal transduction and measure the expression of melanogenic proteins.RESULTS:Jatropholone B decreased melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner but did not directly inhibit the activity of tyrosinase,a melanogenic enzyme.Instead,jatropholone B downregulated microphthalmiaassociated transcription factor(MITF)and tyrosinase protein levels.Therefore,we investigated jatropholone Binduced signal transduction related to MITF and tyrosinase expression.However,jatropholone B had no significant effect on Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3βphosphorylation as well asβ-catenin change.In contrast,jatropholone B was observed to phosphorylate extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)for the first time.To clarify the involvement of ERK activation in jatropholone B-induced hypopigmentation,we pretreated cells with PD98059,a specific ERK pathway inhibitor,and measured MITF and tyrosinase levels as well as melanin content.PD98059 pretreatment abrogated jatropholone B-induced downregulation of MITF and tyrosinase expression as well as reduction in melanin production.CONCLUSIONS:Based on these results,we suggest that ERK activation by jatropholone B inhibits melanogenesis via the downregulation of MITF and tyrosinase expression.Therefore,jatropholone B from J.curcas can be a candidate for developing a new skinwhitening agent.
基金This study was financially supported by Universitas Hasanuddin through Penelitian Fundamental Kolaboratif(PFK)(letter of appointment number:00323/UN4.22/PT.0103/2023).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of glutathione(GSH)supplementation in maturation and adaptation media on oocyte development,embryo quality,and oocyte viability after vitrification.Methods:The GSH concentrations were classified into four groups(0,0.5,1.0,and 1.5 mM)which were added to the maturation medium.The maturation process was conducted in vitro for 24 h.Following maturation,oocytes were fertilized with Bali bull semen for 5-6 h and then cultured for 48 h.The morphological quality of ocytes matured with GSH addition and the vitrification method used was evaluated.Parameters assessed included maturation rate,fertilization rate,embryo development,post-vitrification oocyte morphology,and quality of post-vitrification oocytes with GSH added to the adaptation medium.Results:The addition of GSH to the maturation medium significantly improved oocyte quality and embryo development(P<0.05).Specifically,adding 1.5 mM GSH increased the percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase栻from 57.6%without GSH oocytes to 79.0%with 1.5 mM GSH,two-pronuclei fertilization from 47.0%to 72.7%,embryo development from 37.1%to 57.2%,morula formation from 14.6%to 33.7%,and blastocyst formation from 8.1%to 23.8%.Additionally,the survival rate of oocytes post-vitrification increased to 75%with GSH supplementation.Conclusions:The addition of 0.5-1.5 mM of GSH to the maturation and adaptation media significantly enhanced the metaphase栻stage,fertilization rates,cleavage rates,and the survival of oocytes after vitrification.Among the concentrations of 1.5 mM was the most effective in increasing oocyte development and maintaining oocytes viability post-vitrification.
文摘AIM:To characterize the demographic and clinical features of ethambutol optic neuropathy(EON)in an Indonesian patient population and explore prognostic factors for visual recovery.METHODS:Retrospective study of 58 EON patients at an Indonesian eye center(2017-2022).Demographics,ethambutol treatment,ophthalmologic findings were collected.Visual outcomes after ethambutol cessation assessed at 3-12mo.Patients categorized as having visual improvement(≥2 Snellen lines and/or>5°visual field gain)or no improvement.RESULTS:Mean age was 55.5±12.9y,with 56.9%females.Median duration of ethambutol use was 9mo(range:2-20)at a mean daily dose of 19.7±5.3 mg/kg.At presentation,mean visual acuity was 1.3 logMAR(range:0-2.5),with normal fundus appearance in 72.4%of eyes.The most common visual field defect was generalized depression(52.4%).After ethambutol cessation,56.9%of patients had visual improvement.Younger age(50.24±13.8y vs 62.14±8.9y,P<0.01),lower ethambutol dose(17.3±5 vs 23.3±2.9 mg/kg‧d,P<0.01),shorter treatment duration(6.79±2.6mo vs 10.27±1.2mo,P<0.01),and absence of hypertension(16%vs 83%,P=0.012)or kidney disease(0 vs 83%,P<0.01)were associated with higher likelihood of visual improvement.Diabetes did not differ between groups(P=0.889).CONCLUSION:Over half experience visual recovery after ethambutol cessation.Younger age,lower cumulative dose,absence of hypertension or kidney disease predict better visual outcomes.
基金Supported by Rumah Program 2024 of Research Organization for Health,National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia2023 Grant of The Fondazione Veronesi,Milan,Italy(Caecilia H C Sukowati)2023/2024 Postdoctoral Fellowship of The Manajemen Talenta,Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional,Indonesia(Sri Jayanti).
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis B that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HBV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to I)and 1 putative genotype(J),each with specific geographical distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in the patient.This diversity may be associated with the precision medicine for HBV-related HCC and the success of therapeutical approaches against HCC,related to different pathogenicity of the virus and host response.This Editorial discusses recent updates on whether the classification of HBV genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to the HCC and its precision medicine,in addition to the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology technologies.
文摘We specifically addressed the persistent challenge of dengue in endemic regions,highlighting the potential seriousness of dengue infection through vertical trans-mission.Vertical dengue transmission has been well documented,particularly in hyper-endemic regions,including Ecuador.Herein,we present a neonate diagno-sed with congenital dengue and review similar cases from previously published reports.Although congenital dengue is commonly infected with severe serotypes of DENV(DENV-1 and DENV-2)infections,favorable outcomes are generally observed.
基金supported by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia that provides Beasiswa Unggulan Dosen Indonesia (BUDI) scholarships through the Financial Fund Management Institution。
文摘Jeneberang watershed is vital,particularly for people living in Gowa Regency(South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia),who benefit from its many advantages.Landslides and floods occur every year in the Jeneberang watershed,so it is imperative to understand the socio-economic vulnerability of this region.This research aims to identify the vulnerability level of the Jeneberang watershed so that the government can prioritize areas with high vulnerability level and formulate effective strategies to reduce these the vulnerability.Specifically,this study was conducted in 12 districts located in the Jeneberang watershed.The primary data were collected from questionnaires completed by community members,community leaders,and various stakeholders,and the secondary data were from the Landsat satellite imagery in 2020,the Badan Push Statistic of Gowa Regency,and some governmental agencies.The socio-economic vulnerability variables were determined using the Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)method,and each variable was weighted and analyzed using the Geographical Information System(GIS).The study reveals that the levels of socio-economic vulnerability are affected by variables such as population density,vulnerable groups(disabled people,elderly people,and young people),road network and settlement,percentage of poor people,and productive land area in the Jeneberang watershed.Moreover,all of the 12 districts in the Jeneberang watershed are included in the medium vulnerability level,with the mean percentage of socio-economic vulnerability around 50.92%.The socio-economic vulnerability of Bajeng,Pallangga,and Somba Opu districts is categorized at high level,the socio-economic vulnerability of Bungaya,Parangloe,and Tombolo Pao districts is classified as medium level,and the remaining 6 districts(Barombong,Bontolempangan,Bontomarannu,Manuju,Parigi,and Tinggimoncong)are ranked as low socio-economic vulnerability.This study can help policy-makers to formulate strategy that contributes to the protection of biodiversity and sustainable development of the Jeneberang watershed,while improving disaster resilience and preparedness of the watershed.
文摘When a patient falls within a hospital setting,there is a significant increase in the risk of severe injury or health complications.Recognizing factors associated with such falls is crucial to mitigate their impact on patient safety.This review seeks to analyze the factors contributing to patient falls in hospitals.The main goal is to enhance our understanding of the reasons behind these falls,enabling hospitals to devise more effective prevention strategies.This study reviewed literature published from 2013 to 2022,using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology for a scoping review.The research literature was searched from seven databases,namely,PubMed,ScienceDirect,Wiley Library,Garuda,Global Index Medicus,Emerald Insight,and Google Scholar.The inclusion criteria comprised both qualitative and quantitative primary and secondary data studies centered on hospitalized patients.Out of the 893 studies analyzed,23 met the criteria and were included in this review.Although there is not an abundance of relevant literature,this review identified several factors associated with falls in hospitals.These encompass environmental,patient,staff,and medical factors.This study offers valuable insights for hospitals and medical personnel aiming to enhance fall prevention practices.Effective prevention efforts should prioritize early identification of patient risk factors,enhancement of the care environment,thorough training for care staff,and vigilant supervision of high-risk patients.By comprehending the factors that contribute to patient falls,hospitals can bolster patient safety and mitigate the adverse effects of falls within the health-care setting.
文摘Triassic-Jurassic carbonates widely distributed in Eastern Indonesia are believed as oils source rock. The Mesozoic Tokala Formation exhibit source rock potential, as evidenced by high contents of organic matter. Recent exploration has been conducted in southeastern Sulawesi, targeting the Mesozoic intervals. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to determine source rock potential of Tokala Formation outcropped in southeastern Sulawesi area and its capability to generate hydrocarbon. Five distinct lithofacies were delineated, emphasizing lithological and mineralogical features: foraminifera wackestone (FW), lime mudstone (LM), massive bioturbated calcareous-argillaceous shale (MBCAS), weakly laminated argillaceous-calcareous shale (WLACS), and strongly laminated calcareous-argillaceous shale (SLCAS). Subsequent analyses showed that carbonate-rich samples (FW and LM facies, >50% CaO) had poor source rock potential. Conversely, shale facies with moderate carbonate content (WLACS, MBCAS, and SLCAS, 15% - 50% CaO) had good to excellent source rock characteristics, qualifying them as preferable source rock. In addition, levels of SiO2 and Al2O3 should not be neglected, as these constituents play important roles in clay mineral adsorption. Laminated shale facies with moderate CaO content tended to be more promising as source rock than bioturbated facies. The shale facies of Tokala Formation indicate prospective source rock horizon.
基金supported by the Research and Community Services Centre of Hasanuddin University,South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia (No.UH18070408).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to determine the effect of the relaxation breathing exercise(RBE)on fatigue and cortisol levels among Indonesian women with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:This pilot study consecutively recruited 44 gynecological cancer patients to receive RBE(22)or usual care(22).Cortisol level was measured before and after completion of the intervention(day 8).Fatigue was measured using the Piper Fatigue Scale(PFS).Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)at the baseline days of the study for days 1,4,and 8.The obtained data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test,the independent t-test,and the Mann-Whitney U test.Results:There were significant increases in cortisol levels within the groups,either the intervention or control groups,respectively(P-value=0.0003 and 0.001).Despite there being no statistical significance between the intervention and control groups,there were noticeable differences in the cortisol levels,indicating the extreme increase in cortisol levels in the control group(Median[IQR1-IQR3]:2.30[0.99-9.09];Min-Max:0.43-23.38)compared with the intervention group(Median[IQR1-IQR3]=2.97[1.26-5.18];Min-Max=0.39-6.91).Conclusions:RBE helps prevent a significant increase in cortisol levels that can alleviate fatigue for women with gynecological cancer.Further research was recommended to compare several intervention modalities for fatigue and cancer-related symptom management based on cortisol level changes.
基金Financial support assistance from Global-Centre of Excellent (GCOE) program Kyushu University
文摘We report for the first time the geochemistry of rare earth elements（REE） in the weathered crusts of I-type and calc-alkaline to high-K（shoshonitic） granitic rocks at Mamasa and Palu region, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. The weathered crusts can be divided into horizon A（lateritic profile） and B（weathered horizon）. Quartz, albite, kaolinite, halloysite and montmorrilonite prevail in the weathered crust. Both weathered profiles show that the total REE increased from the parent rocks to the horizon B but significantly decrease toward the upper part（horizon A）. LREE are enriched toward the upper part of the profile as shown by La/YbN value. However, HREE concentrations are high in horizon B1 in Palu profile. The total REE content of the weathered crust are relatively elevated compared to the parent rocks, particularly in the lower part of horizon B in Mamasa profile and in horizon B2 in Palu profile. This suggests that REE-bearing accessory minerals may be resistant against weathering and may remain as residual phase in the weathered crusts. The normalized isocon diagram shows that the mass balance of major and REE components between each horizon in Mamasa and Palu weathering profile are different. The positive Ce anomaly in the horizon A of Mamasa profile indicated that Ce is rapidly precipitated during weathering and retain at the upper soil horizon.
文摘Landslide susceptibility maps(LSMs) play a vital role in assisting land use planning and risk mitigation. This study aims to optimize causative factors using logistic regression(LR) and an artificial neural network(ANN) to produce a LSM. The LSM is produced with 11 causative factors and then optimized using forward-stepwise LR(FSLR), ANN, and their combination(FSLR-ANN) until eight causative factors were found for each method. The ANN method produced superior validation results compared with LR. The ROC values for the training data set ranges between 0.8 and 0.9. On the other hand, validation with the percentage of landslide fall into LSM class high and very high, ANN method was higher(92.59%) than LR(82.12%). FSLR-ANN with nine causative factors gave the best validation results with respect to area under curve(AUC) values, and validation with the percentage of landslide fall into LSM class high and very high. In conclusion, ANN was found to be better than LR when producing LSMs. The best Optimization was combination of FSLR-ANN with nine causative factors and AUC success rate 0.847, predictive rate 0.844 and validation with landslide fall into high and very high class with 91.30%. It is an encouraging preliminary model towards a systematic introduction of FSLR-ANN model for optimization causative factors in landslide susceptibility assessment in the mountainous area of Ujung Loe Watershed.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia which provided postgraduate scholarships(2819/E4/DT.04.02/2022).
文摘Bulukumba Regency is one of the major rice-producing areas in South Sulawesi,Indonesia and has experienced frequent climate disasters over the past decade.Several downstream villages within the Bettu River irrigation area have been affected by the drought,culminating in reduced lowland rice production and increasing the vulnerability of farmers’livelihoods.This study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of the livelihood system among rice farmers in the Bettu River irrigation area by classifying the area into two zones based on the distance from the main irrigation canal,namely the upstream area and downstream area.The livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)framework and livelihood vulnerability index-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(LVI-IPCC)approach were applied by selecting geographic and socio-demographic indicators that affected the farmer households,including 8 major components and 26 sup-components.The data for LVI-IPCC estimation were collected by randomly selecting 132 households from villages in the two areas.The empirical results showed that farmers in the downstream area were more vulnerable to climate change than farmers in the upstream area.The major components causing the livelihood vulnerability of the downstream farmers were livelihood strategy,food,water,land,and health,as well as natural disasters and climate variability.In particular,the sub-components of agricultural livelihood diversification,consistent water supply for farming,and drought events were important in the downstream area.Farmers in the upstream area were vulnerable to socio-demographic profile and social network components.The LVI-IPCC findings suggested that the government should prioritize farmers in the downstream area to develop resilience strategies,particularly by increasing irrigation infrastructure and the number of reservoirs and drilling holes.Furthermore,to increase their adaptive capacity in terms of diversification of agricultural livelihood systems,the government and donor agencies need to provide trainings on the development of home food industries for poor farmers and vulnerable households that were affected by disasters.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an epidemic burden and remains highly prevalent worldwide.The significant mortality rates of HCC are largely due to the tendency of late diagnosis and the multifaceted,complex nature of treatment.Meanwhile,current therapeutic modalities such as liver resection and transplantation are only effective for resolving early-stage HCC.Hence,alt-ernative approaches are required to improve detection and enhance the efficacy of current treatment options.Nanotheranostic platforms,which utilize biocompatible nanoparticles to perform both diagnostics and targeted delivery,has been considered a potential approach for cancer management in the past few decades.Advancement of nanomaterials and biomedical engineering techniques has led to rapid expansion of the nanotheranostics field,allowing for more sensitive and specific diagnosis,real-time monitoring of drug delivery,and enhanced treatment efficacies across various malignancies.The focus of this review is on the applications of nanotheranostics for HCC.The review first explores the current epidemiology and the commonly encountered obstacles in HCC diagnosis and treatment.It then presents the current technological and functional advancements in nanotheranostic technology for cancer in general,and then specifically explores the use of nanotheranostic modalities as a promising option to address the key challenges present in HCC management.
文摘Potential fishing zones for skipjack tuna in the Bone Bay-Flores Sea were investigated from satellite-based oceanography and catch data, using a linear model (generalized linear model) constructed from generalized additive models and geographic information systems. Monthly mean remotely sensed sea surface temperature and surface chlorophyll-a concentration during the southeast monsoon (April-August) were used for the year 2012. The best generalized additive model was selected to assess the effect of marine environment variables (sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration) on skipjack tuna abundance (catch per unit effort). Then, the appropriate linear model was constructed from the functional relationship of the generalized additive model for generating a robust predictive model. Model selection process for the generalized additive model was based on significance of model terms, decrease in residual deviance, and increase in cumulative variance explained, whereas the model selection for the linear model was based on decrease in residual deviance, reduction in Akaike’s Information Criterion, increasing cumulative variance explained and significance of model terms. The best model was selected to predict skipjack tuna abundance and their spatial distribution patterns over entire study area. A simple linear model was used to verify the predicted values. Results indicated that the distribution pattern of potential fishing zones for skipjack during the southeast monsoon were well characterized by sea surface temperatures ranging from 28.5℃ to 30.5 ℃ and chlorophyll-a ranging from 0.10 to 0.20 mg·m-3. Predicted highest catch per unit efforts were significantly consistent with the fishing data (P 2 = 0.8), suggesting that the oceanographic indicators may correspond well with the potential feeding ground for skipjack tuna. This good feeding opportunity for skipjack was driven the dynamics of upwelling operating within study area which are capable of creating a highly potential fishing zone during the southeast monsoon.
基金The Minister for Research,Technology and Higher Education,Indonesia under contract No.2611/UN4.21/LK.23/2017 through Research and Community Service Institution at Hasanuddin University,Makassar,Indonesia
文摘Wave energy resource assessment and trends around Indonesian’s ocean has been carried out by means of analyzing satellite observations. Wave energy flux or wave power can be approximated using parameterized sea states derived from satellite data. Unfortunately, only some surface parameters can be measured from remote sensing satellites, for example for ocean surface waves: significant wave height. Others, like peak wave period and energy period are not available, but can instead be estimated using empirical models. The results have been assessed by meteorological season. The assessment shows clearly where and when the wave power resource is promising around Indonesian’s ocean. The most striking result was found from June to August, in which about 30–40 kW/m(the 90 th percentile: 40–60 kW/m, the 99th percentile: 50–70 kW/m) wave power energy on average has been found around south of the Java Island. The significant trends of wave energy at the 95% level have also been studied and it is found that the trends only occurred for the extreme cases, which is the 99th percentile(i.e.,highest 1%). Wave power energy could increase up to 150 W/m per year. The significant wave heights and wave power have been compared with the results obtained from global wave model hindcast carried out by wave model WAVEWATCH III. The comparisons indicated excellent agreements.
文摘Objective: To compare the levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), soluble endoglin and endothelin-1 in the serum of patients with severe preeclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome and normal pregnancies. Methods: This study was an observational analytic cross-sectional study performed at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia, in the period of 5th February 2016 to 20th January 2017. P38 MAPK, soluble endoglin and endothelin-1 levels of patients with normal pregnancies, severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbentassay technique, using kits of human soluble endoglin, endothelin-1 and p38 MAPK, Quantikine immunoassay: R&D System Inc. Results: Level of serum p38 MAPK in HELLP syndrome group was higher than in severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancy groups. Soluble endoglin and endothelin-1 levels in pregnancies with severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome were higher than normal pregnancy but there was no significant difference between these two groups (P>0.05). Levels of p38 MAPK, soluble endoglin and endothelin-1 also had a positive linear correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P<0.05). Conclusions: P38 MAPK in serum may be a marker for evidence of the severe hypoxia and its application may be considered for the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome.
基金This study was part of a doctoral study funded by the Indonesia Directorate General of Higher Education
文摘Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine the self-care practices and health-seeking behaviours of older adults in urban Indonesia.Methods:The cross-sectional study was performed from January to March 2014 in the Tammua sub-district of Indonesia.At the time of the study,273 older adults resided in Tammua,and half of them(51.2%)participated in this study.Data collection was carried out including self-care practices,health literacy,self-efficacy and basic conditioning factors.Results:It was found that most respondents(124;88.6%)always ate various protein sources daily.However,many participants never limited consumption of sugar(55;39.3%)or salt(40;28.6%),and more than half of respondents(96;68.6%)did not regularly visit MHCs.Health status(p<0.05),health maintenance(p<0.01)and salt limitation(p<0.05)were all significantly associated with salt limitation.It was found that respondents with higher selfefficacy,those who did not want to get information,and those of younger ages are less likely to visit MHCs regularly.Conclusion:An understanding of self-care practices and self-efficacy is needed to improve health care in developing countries.High self-efficacy should be promoted along with adequate health literacy.Older persons should learn the importance of regular health examinations to promote health,prevent diseases,and slow the progress of chronic diseases.The number of respondents who never limit their sugar and salt intake was especially surprising.An intervention program should be developed to limit salt and sugar intake of Indonesian elderly and to motivate older persons to use primary health services.
基金Supported by MRIN Funding,Budget No.cc041/2007 and cc041/2008
文摘AIM： To identify the distribution of hepatitis B virus （HBV） subgenotype and basal core promoter （BCP） mutations among patients with HBV-associated liver disease in Indonesia.METHODS： Patients with chronic hepatitis （CH, n =61）, liver cirrhosis （LC, n = 62）, and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC, n = 48） were included in this study. HBV subgenotype was identified based on S or preS gene sequence, and mutations in the HBx gene including the overlapping BCP region were examined by direct sequencing.RESULTS： HBV genotype B （subgenotypes B2, B3, B4, 85 and B7） the major genotype in the samples, accounted for 75.4%, 71.0% and 75.0% of CH, LC and HCC patients, respectively, while the genotype C （subgenotypes C1, C2 and C3） was detected in 24.6%, 29.0%, and 25.0% of CH, LC, and HCC patients, respectively. Subgenotypes B3 （84.9%） and C1 （82.2%） were the main subgenotype in HBV genotype B and C, respectively. Serotype adw2 （84.9%） and adrq＋ （89.4%） were the most prevalent in HBV genotype B and C, respectively. Double mutation （A1762T/G1764A） in the BCP was significantly higher in LC （59.7%） and HCC （54.2%） than in CH （19.7%）, suggesting that this mutation was associated with severity of liver disease. The T1753V was also higher in LC （46.8%）, but lower in HCC （22.9%） and CH （18.0%）, suggesting that this mutation may be an indicator of cirrhosis.CONCLUSION： HBV genotype B/B3 and C/C1 are the major genotypes in Indonesia. Mutations in BCP, such as A1762T/G1764A and T1753V, might have an association with manifestations of liver disease.
文摘In this study,the influence of sodium hydroxide(NaOH)treatment and microwave treatment of coir fibers on the mechanical and physical properties of pressed coir fiber/epoxy composite were evaluated.The composite was fabricated with a hand lay-up method with compression molding.Before composite fabrication,pressed coir fiber was treated with NaOH and microwave treatments.Mechanical testing(tensile,flexural,and impact testing)of the composite was conducted.Then,water absorption and thickness swelling testing are also performed.The fractured composite surface morphology after the tensile test was analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM).The results revealed that tensile,flexural,and impact strengths of composite tend to increase after NaOH treatment of coir fiber followed by microwave treatment for 10 and 20 minutes of exposure time compared to untreated fiber.However,for NaOH treatment,the tensile,flexural and,impact strengths of composite reduce.The reducing of the tensile strength of the composite is due to the agglomeration fiber occurred,which is displayed in the SEM micrograph.Furthermore,microwave treatment of fiber for 10 minutes and NaOH treatment followed by microwave treatment for 20 minutes of exposure time decreases the water absorption and thickness swelling of the composite.
