Green synthesis methods have garnered significant attention as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical approaches,which often involve hazardous substances.In this study,macadamia nut shell extract was used ...Green synthesis methods have garnered significant attention as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical approaches,which often involve hazardous substances.In this study,macadamia nut shell extract was used as a natural stabilizing and capping agent for the sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)and copper oxide NPs(CuO NPs).The natural compounds present in the macadamia nut shell extract facilitate the formation of these NPs.The synthesized ZnO and CuO NPs were confirmed by various types of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis confirmed that the ZnO NPs exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure,whereas the CuO NPs displayed a face-centered cubic lattice structure.The green-synthesized NPs demonstrated excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.Moreover,the photocatalytic efficiency of the NPs was assessed by examining the degradation of tetracycline,with ZnO demonstrating superior performance to CuO.The antimicrobial activities of the ZnO and CuO NPs were tested against Staphylococcus aureus(strain 902),Escherichia coli(strain 443),Aspergillus niger,and Candida albicans,and promising results were obtained.Furthermore,both ZnO and CuO NPs exhibited synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics.The newly developed green-synthesized ZnO and CuO NPs are simple,cost effective,environmentally friendly,and utilized for various applications,including food packaging,biosensors,and catalysis in pharmaceutical reactions.展开更多
This study examines consumer resistance to the reuse value of the UK second-hand school uniform market,drawing on eco-philosophy and circular economy frameworks.Specifically,it examines how environmental knowledge,the...This study examines consumer resistance to the reuse value of the UK second-hand school uniform market,drawing on eco-philosophy and circular economy frameworks.Specifically,it examines how environmental knowledge,the 3R principle(reuse,reduce,recycle),cost saving,and perceived social norms shape attitudes toward reusage.A Google survey of parents,students,and community members provided quantitative data,which were used to connect three eco-philosophy frameworks and address gaps in the current understanding.This article examines the issue through three eco-philosophy frameworks,highlighting the need for stronger policies that promote the adoption of second-hand school uniforms.Further findings from case studies highlight that decision-making motivation,social norms,and incentives are central to participation.Overall,the study confirms that ecological ethics,school culture,and behavioral change collectively inform policies and environmental benefits of lowcarbon lifestyles,enhancing sustainable uniform reuse in the UK.展开更多
Background:In the last two decades,electrical stimulation(ES)has been tested in patients with various eye diseases and shows great treatment potential in retinitis pigmentosa and optic neuropathy.However,the clinical ...Background:In the last two decades,electrical stimulation(ES)has been tested in patients with various eye diseases and shows great treatment potential in retinitis pigmentosa and optic neuropathy.However,the clinical application of ES in ophthalmology is currently limited.On the one hand,optimization and standardization of ES protocols is still an unmet need.On the other hand,poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms has hindered clinical exploitation.Main Text:Numerous experimental studies have been conducted to identify the treatment potential of ES in eye diseases and to explore the related cellular and molecular mechanisms.In this review,we summarized the in vitro and in vivo evidence related to cellular and tissue response to ES in eye diseases.We highlighted several pathways that may be utilized by ES to impose its effects on the diseased retina.Conclusions:Therapeutic effect of ES in retinal degenerative diseases might through preventing neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,increasing neurotrophic factors production in Müller cells,inhibiting microglial activation,enhancing retinal blood flow,and modulating brain plasticity.Future studies are suggested to analyse changes in specific retinal cells for optimizing the treatment parameters and choosing the best fit ES delivery method in target diseases.展开更多
基金the Faculty of Science and Technology,Thammasat University Fundamental Fund(TU-FF2569/4824641)the Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund.
文摘Green synthesis methods have garnered significant attention as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical approaches,which often involve hazardous substances.In this study,macadamia nut shell extract was used as a natural stabilizing and capping agent for the sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)and copper oxide NPs(CuO NPs).The natural compounds present in the macadamia nut shell extract facilitate the formation of these NPs.The synthesized ZnO and CuO NPs were confirmed by various types of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis confirmed that the ZnO NPs exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure,whereas the CuO NPs displayed a face-centered cubic lattice structure.The green-synthesized NPs demonstrated excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.Moreover,the photocatalytic efficiency of the NPs was assessed by examining the degradation of tetracycline,with ZnO demonstrating superior performance to CuO.The antimicrobial activities of the ZnO and CuO NPs were tested against Staphylococcus aureus(strain 902),Escherichia coli(strain 443),Aspergillus niger,and Candida albicans,and promising results were obtained.Furthermore,both ZnO and CuO NPs exhibited synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics.The newly developed green-synthesized ZnO and CuO NPs are simple,cost effective,environmentally friendly,and utilized for various applications,including food packaging,biosensors,and catalysis in pharmaceutical reactions.
文摘This study examines consumer resistance to the reuse value of the UK second-hand school uniform market,drawing on eco-philosophy and circular economy frameworks.Specifically,it examines how environmental knowledge,the 3R principle(reuse,reduce,recycle),cost saving,and perceived social norms shape attitudes toward reusage.A Google survey of parents,students,and community members provided quantitative data,which were used to connect three eco-philosophy frameworks and address gaps in the current understanding.This article examines the issue through three eco-philosophy frameworks,highlighting the need for stronger policies that promote the adoption of second-hand school uniforms.Further findings from case studies highlight that decision-making motivation,social norms,and incentives are central to participation.Overall,the study confirms that ecological ethics,school culture,and behavioral change collectively inform policies and environmental benefits of lowcarbon lifestyles,enhancing sustainable uniform reuse in the UK.
文摘Background:In the last two decades,electrical stimulation(ES)has been tested in patients with various eye diseases and shows great treatment potential in retinitis pigmentosa and optic neuropathy.However,the clinical application of ES in ophthalmology is currently limited.On the one hand,optimization and standardization of ES protocols is still an unmet need.On the other hand,poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms has hindered clinical exploitation.Main Text:Numerous experimental studies have been conducted to identify the treatment potential of ES in eye diseases and to explore the related cellular and molecular mechanisms.In this review,we summarized the in vitro and in vivo evidence related to cellular and tissue response to ES in eye diseases.We highlighted several pathways that may be utilized by ES to impose its effects on the diseased retina.Conclusions:Therapeutic effect of ES in retinal degenerative diseases might through preventing neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,increasing neurotrophic factors production in Müller cells,inhibiting microglial activation,enhancing retinal blood flow,and modulating brain plasticity.Future studies are suggested to analyse changes in specific retinal cells for optimizing the treatment parameters and choosing the best fit ES delivery method in target diseases.
