Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neu...Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases(Borst et al.,2021).Together with infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages,microglia also play a critical role for brain tumor development,since immunosuppressive interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated microglia and macrophages(TAM)are linked to malignant progression.This mechanism is of particular relevance in glioblastoma(GB),the deadliest form of brain cancer with a median overall survival of less than 15 months(Khan et al.,2023).Therefore,targeting microglia and macrophage activation is a promising strategy for therapeutic interference in brain disease.展开更多
The gut microbiota:The human body is colonized by a diverse and complex microbial community–including bacteria,viruses,archaea,and unicellular eukaryotes–that plays a central role in human wellbeing.Indeed,microbiot...The gut microbiota:The human body is colonized by a diverse and complex microbial community–including bacteria,viruses,archaea,and unicellular eukaryotes–that plays a central role in human wellbeing.Indeed,microbiota is crucial for several functions,including host metabolism,physiology,maintenance of the intestinal epithelial integrity,nutrition,and immune function,earning it the designation of a“vital organ”(Guinane and Cotter,2013).展开更多
A 3D crustal model was constructed using a combination of cutting-edge techniques,which were integrated to provide a density model for Egypt and address the sporadic distribution of seismic data.These techniques inclu...A 3D crustal model was constructed using a combination of cutting-edge techniques,which were integrated to provide a density model for Egypt and address the sporadic distribution of seismic data.These techniques include obtaining gravity data from the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer(GOCE),creating seismic profiles,analyzing the receiver functions of seismic data,obtaining information from boreholes,and providing geological interpretations.GOCE satellite gravity data were processed to construct a preliminary model based on nonlinear inversions of the data.A regional crustal thickness model was developed using receiver functions,seismic refraction profiles,and geological insights.The inverted model was validated using borehole data and compared with seismic estimates.The model exhibited strong consistency and revealed a correlation between crustal thickness,geology,and tectonics of Egypt.It showed that the shallowest depths of the Moho are located in the north along the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern part along the Red Sea,reflecting an oceanic plate with a thin,high-density crust.The deepest Moho depths are located in the southwestern part of Egypt,Red Sea coastal mountains,and Sinai Peninsula.The obtained 3D model of crustal thickness provided finely detailed Moho depth estimates that aligned closely with geology and tectonic characteristics of Egypt,contributing valuable insights into the subsurface structure and tectonic processes of region.展开更多
Shallow-buried thick sand strata present considerable local instability risks during diaphragm wall trenching construction.However,this critical issue has not been extensively studied,despite its serious safety conseq...Shallow-buried thick sand strata present considerable local instability risks during diaphragm wall trenching construction.However,this critical issue has not been extensively studied,despite its serious safety consequences.This paper proposes an automatic identification model for shallow-buried thick sand strata,integrating three-dimensional limit equilibrium theory with a genetic algorithm to precisely identify the most potentially dangerous local instability mass and determine its minimum safety factor.The model establishes three undetermined parameters:failure angle,upper boundary,and thickness of the local instability mass.These parameters define the search space for the local instability mass.The effectiveness of this approach was confirmed through a diaphragm wall engineering case near the Rhine River in France,where the predicted instability location closely aligned with field observations.A systematic analysis of the model indicated that the difference in slurry-groundwater levels and the friction angle are the most significant factors affecting local instability in shallow-buried thick sand strata.The model indicated that the location of the most potentially dangerous instability mass changes depending on geological conditions,and larger instability masses do not always relate to lower safety factors.Additionally,exploratory experiments revealed that support pressure losses caused by slurry infiltration significantly influence local instability calculations in sand strata.This points out the importance of considering these support pressure losses in the stability evaluations of high permeable sand strata.The results improve the evaluation of safety and the optimization of design for diaphragm wall construction in shallow-buried thick sand strata.展开更多
Traditional inverse neural network(INN)approaches for inverse design typically require auxiliary feedforward networks,leading to increased computational complexity and architectural dependencies.This study introduces ...Traditional inverse neural network(INN)approaches for inverse design typically require auxiliary feedforward networks,leading to increased computational complexity and architectural dependencies.This study introduces a standalone INN methodology that eliminates the need for feedforward networks while maintaining high reconstruction accuracy.The approach integrates Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Partial Least Squares(PLS)for optimized feature space learning,enabling the standalone INN to effectively capture bidirectionalmappings between geometric parameters and mechanical properties.Validation using established numerical datasets demonstrates that the standalone INN architecture achieves reconstruction accuracy equal or better than traditional tandem approaches while completely eliminating the workload and training time required for Feedforward Neural Networks(FNN).These findings contribute to AI methodology development by proving that standalone invertible architectures can achieve comparable performance to complex hybrid systems with significantly improved computational efficiency.展开更多
The Precambrian Homrit-Waggat granite is a post-orogenic batholithic intrusion located in the northern region of the Nubian Shield,characterized by a typical annular morphology and significant secondary alteration.Thi...The Precambrian Homrit-Waggat granite is a post-orogenic batholithic intrusion located in the northern region of the Nubian Shield,characterized by a typical annular morphology and significant secondary alteration.This study aims to elucidate the processes that have shaped the intrusion in both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives,employing a combination of field observation and petrographic analysis alongside major and trace element compositions of minerals.Within the central region of the pluton,biotite and amphibole are observed sporadically,while the predominant crystallization of anhydrous oligoclase in the outer regions has led to a progressive increase in volatile components within the residual melt,ultimately resulting in a volatile-saturated aluminosilicate melt.The exsolved fluids subsequently interacted with the previously crystallized mineral assemblage,producing metasomatic overprinting.As the cooling and crystallization continued,the water pressure within the magma chamber gradually escalated until it equaled or surpassed the confining pressure,leading to the formation of fractures and veins filled with minerals that crystallized from the residual aqueous fluids.The ongoing degassing and expulsion of aqueous fluids from the magma chamber’s interior ultimately contributed to the collapse of the chamber’s roof,resulting in the annular ring-dike morphology observed in the Homrit Waggat pluton.展开更多
Detecting and distinguishing infrared radiation for non-invasive medical diagnostic purposes has been attempted for basic surface temperature assessment since the middle of the 20th century.However,the long wavelength...Detecting and distinguishing infrared radiation for non-invasive medical diagnostic purposes has been attempted for basic surface temperature assessment since the middle of the 20th century.However,the long wavelength and low energy of infrared radiation impede the detection of signals from deeper tissue layers,significantly limiting its use in diagnostics.To overcome these limitations,a novel approach was developed by combining a semiconductor gallium arsenide chip and prism-based optics that enabled the detection of signals in the infrared and terahertz spectrum.Challenges related to penetration depth and thermal noises were addressed by neural network modelling.展开更多
Localized high-concentration electrolytes offer a potential solution for achieving uniform lithium deposition and a stable solid-electrolyte interface in Lithium metal batteries.However,the use of highly concentrated ...Localized high-concentration electrolytes offer a potential solution for achieving uniform lithium deposition and a stable solid-electrolyte interface in Lithium metal batteries.However,the use of highly concentrated salts or structure-loaded diluents can result in significantly higher production costs and increased environmental burdens.Herein,a novel localized high-concentration electrolyte is developed,comprising ultra-low content(2%by mass)triethylammonium chloride as an electrolyte additive.The stable Lewis acid structure of the triethylammonium chloride molecule allows for the adsorption of numerous solvent molecules and TFSI^(-)anions,intensifying the electrostatic interactions between lithium ions and anions.The chloride ions introduced by TC,along with TFSI^(–)anions,integrate into the solvent sheath,forming a LiCl-rich inorganic SEI and enhancing the electrochemical performance of the lithium metal anode.The improved Li||Li cell shows excellent cycling stability for over 500 h at 1 mA cm^(2)with a 27 mV overpotential.This work provides insights into the impact of electrolyte additives on the electrode-electrolyte interface and Li-ion solvation,crucial for safer lithium metal battery development.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)remote sensing,particularly with the C-band Sentinel-1 mission,has been widely used for landslide displacement analysis due to its high spatial resolution and revisit freque...0 INTRODUCTION Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)remote sensing,particularly with the C-band Sentinel-1 mission,has been widely used for landslide displacement analysis due to its high spatial resolution and revisit frequency(Zhou et al.,2024;Dai et al.,2021).However,in densely vegetated or humid mountainous regions such as the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),C-band signals suffer from temporal decorrelation,limiting their effectiveness for landslide monitoring.展开更多
The integration of physics-based modelling and data-driven artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative paradigm in computational mechanics.This perspective reviews the development and current status of ...The integration of physics-based modelling and data-driven artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative paradigm in computational mechanics.This perspective reviews the development and current status of AI-empowered frameworks,including data-driven methods,physics-informed neural networks,and neural operators.While these approaches have demonstrated significant promise,challenges remain in terms of robustness,generalisation,and computational efficiency.We delineate four promising research directions:(1)Modular neural architectures inspired by traditional computational mechanics,(2)physics informed neural operators for resolution-invariant operator learning,(3)intelligent frameworks for multiphysics and multiscale biomechanics problems,and(4)structural optimisation strategies based on physics constraints and reinforcement learning.These directions represent a shift toward foundational frameworks that combine the strengths of physics and data,opening new avenues for the modelling,simulation,and optimisation of complex physical systems.展开更多
In this paper,we present a novel approach to study the electrical properties of intact rock by combining impedance and vector network analyzer measurements in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 3 GHz.For the firsttime,t...In this paper,we present a novel approach to study the electrical properties of intact rock by combining impedance and vector network analyzer measurements in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 3 GHz.For the firsttime,this study enables electrical characterization of the exact same rock sample over nine orders of magnitude in frequency range,utilizing a coaxial cell apparatus with specificallyprepared rock samples.Three types of rocks(basalt,sandstone and granite)with low to intermediate porosity(12.24%,16.9%and 7.49%,respectively)were characterized at varying saturation levels.The relaxation behavior of the samples was quantifiedusing an advanced phenomenological model incorporating both the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity in the form of Debye and Cole-Cole representations.Across the frequency range,three distinct relaxation processes were identified:a high-frequency water process and two interfacial processes related to interactions between the aqueous pore solution and mineral particles(membrane relaxation and Maxwell-Wagner effects).Additionally,an apparent direct current conductivity was observed.This comprehensive broadband analysis represents a further step toward the in situ characterization of rocks using electromagnetic fieldmeasurement methods and demonstrates advancements in both methodology and understanding of rock properties compared to existing studies.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION Subduction of oceanic plate is vital for carbon redistribution and recycling between Earth's surface and mantle,which plays a critical role in shaping carbon budgets and terrestrial habitability thr...0 INTRODUCTION Subduction of oceanic plate is vital for carbon redistribution and recycling between Earth's surface and mantle,which plays a critical role in shaping carbon budgets and terrestrial habitability through geological time(e.g.,Plank and Manning,2019;Sverjensky et al.,2014;Dasgupta and Hirschmann,2010).The long-term subduction of Pacific/Paleo-Pacific Plate from Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic beneath Northeast China makes this area an ideal candidate for exploring ancient carbon recycling and its impact on Earth's surface environment.展开更多
Photocatalytic membranes hold significant potential for promoting pollutant degradation and reducing membrane fouling in filtration systems.Although extensive research has been conducted on the independent design of p...Photocatalytic membranes hold significant potential for promoting pollutant degradation and reducing membrane fouling in filtration systems.Although extensive research has been conducted on the independent design of photocatalysts or membrane materials to improve their catalytic and filtration performance,the complex structures and interface mechanisms,as well as insufficient light utilization,are still often overlooked,limiting the overall performance improvement of photocatalytic membranes.This work provides an overview of enhancement strategies involving restricted area effects,external fields,such as mechanical,magnetic,thermal,and electrical fields,as well as coupling techniques with advanced oxidation processes(e.g.,O_(3),Fenton,and persulfate oxidation)for dual enhancement of photocatalysts and membranes.In addition,the synthesis method of photocatalytic membranes and the influence of factors,such as light source type,frequency,and relative position on photocatalytic membrane performance were also studied.Finally,economic feasibility and pollutant removal performance were further evaluated to determine the promising enhancement strategies,paving the way for more efficient and scalable applications of photocatalytic membranes.展开更多
The rational design of Ni-based catalysts is essential due to their abundance and low cost for advancing sustainable energy technologies,particularly for water splitting and fuel cells.This study employs spinpolarized...The rational design of Ni-based catalysts is essential due to their abundance and low cost for advancing sustainable energy technologies,particularly for water splitting and fuel cells.This study employs spinpolarized density functional theory(DFT)to examine the influence of anchoring rare-earth elements on the γ-NiOOH lattice surface,aiming to identify the optimal catalytic site for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Following the identification of an appropriate active site through Ni vacancy,a rare earth element(REE_(1))is introduced as a dopant for single-atom catalysis(SACs).The structural,thermodynamic,and catalytic characteristics of all newly designed REE_(1)/γ-NiOOH catalysts have been extensively studied.Among the newly developed catalysts,Tb_(1)/γ-NiOOH exhibits the lowest OER overpotential of(0.36 V),while Ce_(1)/γ-NiOOH and Pr_(1)/γ-NiOOH also demonstrate excellent OER performance(0.51 and 0.41 V),respectively.Notably,Nd_(1)/γ-NiOOH and Pm_(1)/γ-NiOOH exhibit efficient ORR activity,with low overpotentials of(0.63 and 0.61 V)due to their balanced adsorption and desorption energies of intermediates.Bader charge analysis reveals strong electron donation from doped REE1to the surface.This study identified Ce_(1),Pr_(1),Nd_(1),and Tb_(1) anchoring catalysts as highly promising for water-splitting applications.Moreover,Nd_(1) and Pm_(1) doping markedly improve ORR performance,underscoring their promise for enhanced electrochemical applications in metal-air batteries.The catalytic performance of all newly developed catalysts was further evaluated using electronic descriptors.The catalytic performance was further assessed using the volcano curve and scaling relationships for the adsorbed intermediates.This study offers an extensive theoretical foundation for designing cost-effective and high-performance REE_(1)/γ-NiOOH electrocatalysts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease(CLD)causes approximately two million deaths each year,and its clinical diagnosis and management remain challenging.Ultrasound is currently the most widely used technique for disease de...BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease(CLD)causes approximately two million deaths each year,and its clinical diagnosis and management remain challenging.Ultrasound is currently the most widely used technique for disease detection.AIM To propose a practical cut-off value for identifying patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)among those with compensated advanced CLD or healthy individuals using the GALAD score,an algorithm based on a formula that incorporates gender,age,serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),AFP-L3,and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin values.METHODS This cross-sectional analysis was conducted using prospectively collected data from five cohorts(n=1431)comprising healthy individuals,cirrhosis,and HCC patients.These subjects were enrolled from an Italian retrospective cohort,including patients from the IRCCS“Saverio de Bellis”,Department of Gastroenterology,the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Gastroenterology Department,and the Padua University Hospital and the Department of Gastroenterology,Hepatology,Infectious diseases and Endocrinology,Hannover Medical School.RESULTS Using healthy subjects as reference,a GALAD score cut-off of-1.67 identified HCC with a sensitivity of 89.77%and specificity of 97.59%.Individuals with GALAD values>-1.67 exhibited a moderate to very high probability(over 90%)of having HCC.When cirrhotic patients were used as the reference category,a cut-off of-0.77 yielded a sensitivity of 78.17%and a specificity of 89.55%.CONCLUSION We strongly recommend incorporating this GALAD cut-off into clinical guidelines for the screening of patients with a compensated advanced CLD who are at high risk of developing HCC.Given the rapid global rise in metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)-related CLD,future research should prioritize larger MASLD cohorts to establish the most appropriate GALAD cut-off for diagnostic use,compared to healthy controls and to patients with other forms of CLD.展开更多
Accurate capacity and State of Charge(SOC)estimation are crucial for ensuring the safety and longevity of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles.This study examines ten machine learning architectures,Including Dee...Accurate capacity and State of Charge(SOC)estimation are crucial for ensuring the safety and longevity of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles.This study examines ten machine learning architectures,Including Deep Belief Network(DBN),Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network(BiDirRNN),Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU),and others using the NASA B0005 dataset of 591,458 instances.Results indicate that DBN excels in capacity estimation,achieving orders-of-magnitude lower error values and explaining over 99.97%of the predicted variable’s variance.When computational efficiency is paramount,the Deep Neural Network(DNN)offers a strong alternative,delivering near-competitive accuracy with significantly reduced prediction times.The GRU achieves the best overall performance for SOC estimation,attaining an R^(2) of 0.9999,while the BiDirRNN provides a marginally lower error at a slightly higher computational speed.In contrast,Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)and Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)exhibit relatively high error rates,making them less viable for real-world battery management.Analyses of error distributions reveal that the top-performing models cluster most predictions within tight bounds,limiting the risk of overcharging or deep discharging.These findings highlight the trade-off between accuracy and computational overhead,offering valuable guidance for battery management system(BMS)designers seeking optimal performance under constrained resources.Future work may further explore advanced data augmentation and domain adaptation techniques to enhance these models’robustness in diverse operating conditions.展开更多
While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medi...While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medical evidence,and Chinese clinical expertise to establish standardized protocols for BiVAD management.Key recommendations include:(1)Preoperative right heart catheterization and echocardiography for central venous pressure(CVP):pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP)ratio and pulmonary artery pulsatility index(PAPi)assessment(Class I);(2)BiVAD indication in refractory BHF or high-risk right heart failure post-left ventricular assist device(LVAD)implantation(Class IIa);(3)Right atrial implantation as the preferred surgical approach(Class IIa);(4)Warfarin-based anticoagulation(INR 2.0–2.5)with aspirin,avoiding direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)(Class III).The guidance addresses critical gaps in patient selection,pump speed titration,and complication management,positioning integrated BiVAD systems as a promising solution for complex BHF.展开更多
基金Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation),project numbers 324633948 and 409784463(DFG grants Hi 678/9-3 and Hi 678/10-2,FOR2953)to HHBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung-BMBF,project number 16LW0463K to HT.
文摘Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases(Borst et al.,2021).Together with infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages,microglia also play a critical role for brain tumor development,since immunosuppressive interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated microglia and macrophages(TAM)are linked to malignant progression.This mechanism is of particular relevance in glioblastoma(GB),the deadliest form of brain cancer with a median overall survival of less than 15 months(Khan et al.,2023).Therefore,targeting microglia and macrophage activation is a promising strategy for therapeutic interference in brain disease.
基金supported by the European Union-Next Generation EU,Mission 4 Component 1,Project Title:“Gut and Neuro Muscular system:investigating the impact of microbiota on nerve regeneration and muscle reinnervation after peripheral nerve injury”,CUP D53D23007770006,MUR:20227YB93W,to GR。
文摘The gut microbiota:The human body is colonized by a diverse and complex microbial community–including bacteria,viruses,archaea,and unicellular eukaryotes–that plays a central role in human wellbeing.Indeed,microbiota is crucial for several functions,including host metabolism,physiology,maintenance of the intestinal epithelial integrity,nutrition,and immune function,earning it the designation of a“vital organ”(Guinane and Cotter,2013).
文摘A 3D crustal model was constructed using a combination of cutting-edge techniques,which were integrated to provide a density model for Egypt and address the sporadic distribution of seismic data.These techniques include obtaining gravity data from the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer(GOCE),creating seismic profiles,analyzing the receiver functions of seismic data,obtaining information from boreholes,and providing geological interpretations.GOCE satellite gravity data were processed to construct a preliminary model based on nonlinear inversions of the data.A regional crustal thickness model was developed using receiver functions,seismic refraction profiles,and geological insights.The inverted model was validated using borehole data and compared with seismic estimates.The model exhibited strong consistency and revealed a correlation between crustal thickness,geology,and tectonics of Egypt.It showed that the shallowest depths of the Moho are located in the north along the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern part along the Red Sea,reflecting an oceanic plate with a thin,high-density crust.The deepest Moho depths are located in the southwestern part of Egypt,Red Sea coastal mountains,and Sinai Peninsula.The obtained 3D model of crustal thickness provided finely detailed Moho depth estimates that aligned closely with geology and tectonic characteristics of Egypt,contributing valuable insights into the subsurface structure and tectonic processes of region.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.02302350113).
文摘Shallow-buried thick sand strata present considerable local instability risks during diaphragm wall trenching construction.However,this critical issue has not been extensively studied,despite its serious safety consequences.This paper proposes an automatic identification model for shallow-buried thick sand strata,integrating three-dimensional limit equilibrium theory with a genetic algorithm to precisely identify the most potentially dangerous local instability mass and determine its minimum safety factor.The model establishes three undetermined parameters:failure angle,upper boundary,and thickness of the local instability mass.These parameters define the search space for the local instability mass.The effectiveness of this approach was confirmed through a diaphragm wall engineering case near the Rhine River in France,where the predicted instability location closely aligned with field observations.A systematic analysis of the model indicated that the difference in slurry-groundwater levels and the friction angle are the most significant factors affecting local instability in shallow-buried thick sand strata.The model indicated that the location of the most potentially dangerous instability mass changes depending on geological conditions,and larger instability masses do not always relate to lower safety factors.Additionally,exploratory experiments revealed that support pressure losses caused by slurry infiltration significantly influence local instability calculations in sand strata.This points out the importance of considering these support pressure losses in the stability evaluations of high permeable sand strata.The results improve the evaluation of safety and the optimization of design for diaphragm wall construction in shallow-buried thick sand strata.
基金funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany’s Excellence Strategy within the Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD(EXC 2122,Project ID 390833453).
文摘Traditional inverse neural network(INN)approaches for inverse design typically require auxiliary feedforward networks,leading to increased computational complexity and architectural dependencies.This study introduces a standalone INN methodology that eliminates the need for feedforward networks while maintaining high reconstruction accuracy.The approach integrates Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Partial Least Squares(PLS)for optimized feature space learning,enabling the standalone INN to effectively capture bidirectionalmappings between geometric parameters and mechanical properties.Validation using established numerical datasets demonstrates that the standalone INN architecture achieves reconstruction accuracy equal or better than traditional tandem approaches while completely eliminating the workload and training time required for Feedforward Neural Networks(FNN).These findings contribute to AI methodology development by proving that standalone invertible architectures can achieve comparable performance to complex hybrid systems with significantly improved computational efficiency.
基金supported by Science and Technology Development Fund(STDF)of the Arab Republic of Egypt(No.23080)entitled―Rare Metal Ore Deposits in Egypt:A comparative survey in altered granites from selected areas in the Central Eastern Desert‖(to M.A.ABU EL-RUS)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0804200).
文摘The Precambrian Homrit-Waggat granite is a post-orogenic batholithic intrusion located in the northern region of the Nubian Shield,characterized by a typical annular morphology and significant secondary alteration.This study aims to elucidate the processes that have shaped the intrusion in both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives,employing a combination of field observation and petrographic analysis alongside major and trace element compositions of minerals.Within the central region of the pluton,biotite and amphibole are observed sporadically,while the predominant crystallization of anhydrous oligoclase in the outer regions has led to a progressive increase in volatile components within the residual melt,ultimately resulting in a volatile-saturated aluminosilicate melt.The exsolved fluids subsequently interacted with the previously crystallized mineral assemblage,producing metasomatic overprinting.As the cooling and crystallization continued,the water pressure within the magma chamber gradually escalated until it equaled or surpassed the confining pressure,leading to the formation of fractures and veins filled with minerals that crystallized from the residual aqueous fluids.The ongoing degassing and expulsion of aqueous fluids from the magma chamber’s interior ultimately contributed to the collapse of the chamber’s roof,resulting in the annular ring-dike morphology observed in the Homrit Waggat pluton.
文摘Detecting and distinguishing infrared radiation for non-invasive medical diagnostic purposes has been attempted for basic surface temperature assessment since the middle of the 20th century.However,the long wavelength and low energy of infrared radiation impede the detection of signals from deeper tissue layers,significantly limiting its use in diagnostics.To overcome these limitations,a novel approach was developed by combining a semiconductor gallium arsenide chip and prism-based optics that enabled the detection of signals in the infrared and terahertz spectrum.Challenges related to penetration depth and thermal noises were addressed by neural network modelling.
基金financially supported by Niedersachsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur,via the Research Training Group"CircularLIB"and the program"Nanomaterials and Quantum Technology for Digital Transformation"(hsn-digital)the support from China Scholarship Council+1 种基金the research support from Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology(No.E2906216)Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
文摘Localized high-concentration electrolytes offer a potential solution for achieving uniform lithium deposition and a stable solid-electrolyte interface in Lithium metal batteries.However,the use of highly concentrated salts or structure-loaded diluents can result in significantly higher production costs and increased environmental burdens.Herein,a novel localized high-concentration electrolyte is developed,comprising ultra-low content(2%by mass)triethylammonium chloride as an electrolyte additive.The stable Lewis acid structure of the triethylammonium chloride molecule allows for the adsorption of numerous solvent molecules and TFSI^(-)anions,intensifying the electrostatic interactions between lithium ions and anions.The chloride ions introduced by TC,along with TFSI^(–)anions,integrate into the solvent sheath,forming a LiCl-rich inorganic SEI and enhancing the electrochemical performance of the lithium metal anode.The improved Li||Li cell shows excellent cycling stability for over 500 h at 1 mA cm^(2)with a 27 mV overpotential.This work provides insights into the impact of electrolyte additives on the electrode-electrolyte interface and Li-ion solvation,crucial for safer lithium metal battery development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42371094,41907253)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.B250201054).
文摘0 INTRODUCTION Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)remote sensing,particularly with the C-band Sentinel-1 mission,has been widely used for landslide displacement analysis due to its high spatial resolution and revisit frequency(Zhou et al.,2024;Dai et al.,2021).However,in densely vegetated or humid mountainous regions such as the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),C-band signals suffer from temporal decorrelation,limiting their effectiveness for landslide monitoring.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(Grant No.IC190100020)the Australian Research Council Indus〓〓try Fellowship(Grant No.IE230100435)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12032014 and T2488101)。
文摘The integration of physics-based modelling and data-driven artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative paradigm in computational mechanics.This perspective reviews the development and current status of AI-empowered frameworks,including data-driven methods,physics-informed neural networks,and neural operators.While these approaches have demonstrated significant promise,challenges remain in terms of robustness,generalisation,and computational efficiency.We delineate four promising research directions:(1)Modular neural architectures inspired by traditional computational mechanics,(2)physics informed neural operators for resolution-invariant operator learning,(3)intelligent frameworks for multiphysics and multiscale biomechanics problems,and(4)structural optimisation strategies based on physics constraints and reinforcement learning.These directions represent a shift toward foundational frameworks that combine the strengths of physics and data,opening new avenues for the modelling,simulation,and optimisation of complex physical systems.
文摘In this paper,we present a novel approach to study the electrical properties of intact rock by combining impedance and vector network analyzer measurements in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 3 GHz.For the firsttime,this study enables electrical characterization of the exact same rock sample over nine orders of magnitude in frequency range,utilizing a coaxial cell apparatus with specificallyprepared rock samples.Three types of rocks(basalt,sandstone and granite)with low to intermediate porosity(12.24%,16.9%and 7.49%,respectively)were characterized at varying saturation levels.The relaxation behavior of the samples was quantifiedusing an advanced phenomenological model incorporating both the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity in the form of Debye and Cole-Cole representations.Across the frequency range,three distinct relaxation processes were identified:a high-frequency water process and two interfacial processes related to interactions between the aqueous pore solution and mineral particles(membrane relaxation and Maxwell-Wagner effects).Additionally,an apparent direct current conductivity was observed.This comprehensive broadband analysis represents a further step toward the in situ characterization of rocks using electromagnetic fieldmeasurement methods and demonstrates advancements in both methodology and understanding of rock properties compared to existing studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42130310 and 41972055)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION Subduction of oceanic plate is vital for carbon redistribution and recycling between Earth's surface and mantle,which plays a critical role in shaping carbon budgets and terrestrial habitability through geological time(e.g.,Plank and Manning,2019;Sverjensky et al.,2014;Dasgupta and Hirschmann,2010).The long-term subduction of Pacific/Paleo-Pacific Plate from Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic beneath Northeast China makes this area an ideal candidate for exploring ancient carbon recycling and its impact on Earth's surface environment.
基金supported by the BRICS STI Framework Programme(No.52261145703)the Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project(National 111 Project,No.B16016)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Plan Project(AB24010117).
文摘Photocatalytic membranes hold significant potential for promoting pollutant degradation and reducing membrane fouling in filtration systems.Although extensive research has been conducted on the independent design of photocatalysts or membrane materials to improve their catalytic and filtration performance,the complex structures and interface mechanisms,as well as insufficient light utilization,are still often overlooked,limiting the overall performance improvement of photocatalytic membranes.This work provides an overview of enhancement strategies involving restricted area effects,external fields,such as mechanical,magnetic,thermal,and electrical fields,as well as coupling techniques with advanced oxidation processes(e.g.,O_(3),Fenton,and persulfate oxidation)for dual enhancement of photocatalysts and membranes.In addition,the synthesis method of photocatalytic membranes and the influence of factors,such as light source type,frequency,and relative position on photocatalytic membrane performance were also studied.Finally,economic feasibility and pollutant removal performance were further evaluated to determine the promising enhancement strategies,paving the way for more efficient and scalable applications of photocatalytic membranes.
基金supported by the BRICS STI Framework Programme(No.52261145703)the Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project(National 111 Project,No.B16016)。
文摘The rational design of Ni-based catalysts is essential due to their abundance and low cost for advancing sustainable energy technologies,particularly for water splitting and fuel cells.This study employs spinpolarized density functional theory(DFT)to examine the influence of anchoring rare-earth elements on the γ-NiOOH lattice surface,aiming to identify the optimal catalytic site for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Following the identification of an appropriate active site through Ni vacancy,a rare earth element(REE_(1))is introduced as a dopant for single-atom catalysis(SACs).The structural,thermodynamic,and catalytic characteristics of all newly designed REE_(1)/γ-NiOOH catalysts have been extensively studied.Among the newly developed catalysts,Tb_(1)/γ-NiOOH exhibits the lowest OER overpotential of(0.36 V),while Ce_(1)/γ-NiOOH and Pr_(1)/γ-NiOOH also demonstrate excellent OER performance(0.51 and 0.41 V),respectively.Notably,Nd_(1)/γ-NiOOH and Pm_(1)/γ-NiOOH exhibit efficient ORR activity,with low overpotentials of(0.63 and 0.61 V)due to their balanced adsorption and desorption energies of intermediates.Bader charge analysis reveals strong electron donation from doped REE1to the surface.This study identified Ce_(1),Pr_(1),Nd_(1),and Tb_(1) anchoring catalysts as highly promising for water-splitting applications.Moreover,Nd_(1) and Pm_(1) doping markedly improve ORR performance,underscoring their promise for enhanced electrochemical applications in metal-air batteries.The catalytic performance of all newly developed catalysts was further evaluated using electronic descriptors.The catalytic performance was further assessed using the volcano curve and scaling relationships for the adsorbed intermediates.This study offers an extensive theoretical foundation for designing cost-effective and high-performance REE_(1)/γ-NiOOH electrocatalysts.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease(CLD)causes approximately two million deaths each year,and its clinical diagnosis and management remain challenging.Ultrasound is currently the most widely used technique for disease detection.AIM To propose a practical cut-off value for identifying patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)among those with compensated advanced CLD or healthy individuals using the GALAD score,an algorithm based on a formula that incorporates gender,age,serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),AFP-L3,and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin values.METHODS This cross-sectional analysis was conducted using prospectively collected data from five cohorts(n=1431)comprising healthy individuals,cirrhosis,and HCC patients.These subjects were enrolled from an Italian retrospective cohort,including patients from the IRCCS“Saverio de Bellis”,Department of Gastroenterology,the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Gastroenterology Department,and the Padua University Hospital and the Department of Gastroenterology,Hepatology,Infectious diseases and Endocrinology,Hannover Medical School.RESULTS Using healthy subjects as reference,a GALAD score cut-off of-1.67 identified HCC with a sensitivity of 89.77%and specificity of 97.59%.Individuals with GALAD values>-1.67 exhibited a moderate to very high probability(over 90%)of having HCC.When cirrhotic patients were used as the reference category,a cut-off of-0.77 yielded a sensitivity of 78.17%and a specificity of 89.55%.CONCLUSION We strongly recommend incorporating this GALAD cut-off into clinical guidelines for the screening of patients with a compensated advanced CLD who are at high risk of developing HCC.Given the rapid global rise in metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)-related CLD,future research should prioritize larger MASLD cohorts to establish the most appropriate GALAD cut-off for diagnostic use,compared to healthy controls and to patients with other forms of CLD.
文摘Accurate capacity and State of Charge(SOC)estimation are crucial for ensuring the safety and longevity of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles.This study examines ten machine learning architectures,Including Deep Belief Network(DBN),Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network(BiDirRNN),Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU),and others using the NASA B0005 dataset of 591,458 instances.Results indicate that DBN excels in capacity estimation,achieving orders-of-magnitude lower error values and explaining over 99.97%of the predicted variable’s variance.When computational efficiency is paramount,the Deep Neural Network(DNN)offers a strong alternative,delivering near-competitive accuracy with significantly reduced prediction times.The GRU achieves the best overall performance for SOC estimation,attaining an R^(2) of 0.9999,while the BiDirRNN provides a marginally lower error at a slightly higher computational speed.In contrast,Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)and Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)exhibit relatively high error rates,making them less viable for real-world battery management.Analyses of error distributions reveal that the top-performing models cluster most predictions within tight bounds,limiting the risk of overcharging or deep discharging.These findings highlight the trade-off between accuracy and computational overhead,offering valuable guidance for battery management system(BMS)designers seeking optimal performance under constrained resources.Future work may further explore advanced data augmentation and domain adaptation techniques to enhance these models’robustness in diverse operating conditions.
文摘While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medical evidence,and Chinese clinical expertise to establish standardized protocols for BiVAD management.Key recommendations include:(1)Preoperative right heart catheterization and echocardiography for central venous pressure(CVP):pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP)ratio and pulmonary artery pulsatility index(PAPi)assessment(Class I);(2)BiVAD indication in refractory BHF or high-risk right heart failure post-left ventricular assist device(LVAD)implantation(Class IIa);(3)Right atrial implantation as the preferred surgical approach(Class IIa);(4)Warfarin-based anticoagulation(INR 2.0–2.5)with aspirin,avoiding direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)(Class III).The guidance addresses critical gaps in patient selection,pump speed titration,and complication management,positioning integrated BiVAD systems as a promising solution for complex BHF.
