Fear of cancer recurrence(FCR)is a psychological worry among cancer survivors,particularly among the elderly who are at risk of developing physiological and psychological vulnerabilities.In a cross-sectional survey of...Fear of cancer recurrence(FCR)is a psychological worry among cancer survivors,particularly among the elderly who are at risk of developing physiological and psychological vulnerabilities.In a cross-sectional survey of 264 elderly gastric cancer(GC)patients by Zhu et al,a high rate(63.64%)of clinically significant FCR was observed following laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.Factors affecting the high rate of FCR were a high level of self-perceived burden,lower education level,large tumour diameter,short duration of disease,and postoperative complications.They also established a validated nomogram model to predict the risk of FCR in this patient population.In this letter,we want to emphasize that,in addition to integrating psychological screening and focused interventions into the routine postoperative care of elderly GC patients,prehabilitation interventions before surgery,including psychological support,may provide a proactive response to mitigate FCR and improve long-term outcomes.展开更多
Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,techno...Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,technological advances in this field and immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized the treatment of HGGs and BM.Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors,CAR-T targeting,oncolytic virus-based therapy,bispecific antibody treatment,and vaccination approaches,etc.,are emerging as promising avenues offering new hope in refining patient’s survival benefits.However,selective trafficking across the blood-brain barrier(BBB),immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),metabolic alteration,and tumor heterogeneity limit the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for HGGs and BM.Furthermore,to address this concern,the NanoBioTechnology-based bioinspired delivery system has been gaining tremendous attention in recent years.With technological advances such as Trojan horse targeting and infusing/camouflaging nanoparticles surface with biological molecules/cells like immunocytes,erythrocytes,platelets,glioma cell lysate and/or integrating these strategies to get hybrid membrane for homotypic recognition.These biomimetic nanotherapy offers advantages over conventional nanoparticles,focusing on greater target specificity,increased circulation stability,higher active loading capacity,BBB permeability(inherent inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils),decreased immunogenicity,efficient metabolism-based combinatorial effects,and prevention of tumor recurrence by induction of immunological memory,etc.provide new age of improved immunotherapies outcomes against HGGs and BM.In this review,we emphasize on neuro-immunotherapy and the versatility of these biomimetic nano-delivery strategies for precise targeting of hard-to-treat andmost lethal HGGs and BM.Moreover,the challenges impeding the clinical translatability of these approaches were addressed to unmet medical needs of brain cancers.展开更多
We present a comprehensive mid-infrared spectroscopic survey of 124 Herbig Ae/Be stars using newly processed Spitzer/IRS spectra from the newly released CASSISjuice database.Based on prominent dust and molecular signa...We present a comprehensive mid-infrared spectroscopic survey of 124 Herbig Ae/Be stars using newly processed Spitzer/IRS spectra from the newly released CASSISjuice database.Based on prominent dust and molecular signatures(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),silicates,and hydrogenated amorphous carbons),we classify the stars into five groups.Our analysis reveals that 64%of the spectra show PAH emission,with detections peaking in the stellar effective temperature range 7000–11,000 K(B9–A5).Silicate features appear in 50%of the sample and likewise diminish at higher temperatures.Additionally,we find that future PAH studies can focus on Herbig Ae/Be stars with a spectral index n_(2−24)>−1 and flared morphologies to maximize PAH detections.The 6.2μm PAH band is the most frequently observed in our sample,shifting blueward with increasing stellar temperature,and this is the largest sample yet used to test that peak shift.The weaker 6.0μm feature does not shift with 6.2μm,implying a distinct origin of C=O(carbonyl)or olefinic C=C stretching relative to C–C vibrations.We examined the 11.0/11.2μm PAH ratio using high-resolution Spitzer spectra for the first time in a sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars,finding a range of ionization conditions.This study provides a strong foundation for future JWST observations of intermediate-mass pre-main-sequence stars.展开更多
We present the results of the multi-epoch broadband spectral study of 1ES 2344+514 and study the evolution of physical parameters.We used nearly simultaneous data obtained from 2017 June 6 to 2022 August 6(MJD 57910–...We present the results of the multi-epoch broadband spectral study of 1ES 2344+514 and study the evolution of physical parameters.We used nearly simultaneous data obtained from 2017 June 6 to 2022 August 6(MJD 57910–59797)in optical,UV,X-ray andγ-ray wavebands from various instruments including Swift-UVOT,Swift-XRT,Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array(NuSTAR),AstroSat(SXT and LAXPC),Fermi-LAT,and TeV flux from MAGIC.During 2017 July,1ES 2344+514 appeared to be in the highest flaring state compared to other periods.We used the 0.5–7.0 keV and 3.0–20.0 keV data,respectively,from SXT and LAXPC of AstroSat and also 0.3–8.0 keV and 3.0–79.0 keV data,respectively,from Swift-XRT and NuSTAR.A joint fit between SXT and LAXPC,and between Swift-XRT and NuSTAR has been done for constraining the synchrotron peak.A clear shift in the synchrotron peak has been observed,which included 1ES 2344+514 in the HSP BL Lac family.A“harder-when-brighter”trend is observed in X-rays,and the opposite trend,i.e.,“softer-when-brighter,”is seen in theγ-rays.The multi-epoch broadband spectral energy distributions(SEDs)of this source were built and studied to get an idea of the radiation processes.The SEDs were fitted using a steady-state leptonic one-zone synchrotron+SSC model,and the fitted parameters of the emission region are consistent with those of other TeV BL Lacs.In this study,we found a weak correlation tendency between bolometric luminosity and magnetic field(B),as well as between bolometric luminosity and the break Lorentz factor(γ_(break)).展开更多
Background:Acute Myeloid Leukemia(AML)is a highly aggressive clonal hematological malignancy with limited treatment options.This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of nigericin,a polyether ionophore der...Background:Acute Myeloid Leukemia(AML)is a highly aggressive clonal hematological malignancy with limited treatment options.This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of nigericin,a polyether ionophore derived from Streptomyces DASNCL-29,as a mitochondrial-targeted agent for AML treatment.Methods:Nigericin was isolated from Streptomyces DASNCL-29 and characterized via chromatography and NMR.Its cytotoxicity was tested in MOLM13(sensitive and venetoclax-resistant)and HL60(sensitive and cytarabine-resistant)cells using the MTT assay.Mitochondrial dysfunction was assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(Δψm),and mitochondrial mass.Apoptosis was evaluated with Annexin V/PI assays and immunoblotting,while proteomic analysis was conducted using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)to identify differentially regulated proteins.Results:Nigericin demonstrated potent cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 57.02 nM in MOLM13-sensitive,35.29 nM in MOLM13-resistant,20.49 nM in HL60-sensitive,and 1.197 nM in HL60-cytarabine-resistant cells.Apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V/PI staining and caspase-3/PARP cleavage,along with MCL-1 downregulation.Mitochondrial dysfunction was evident from increased ROS,reducedΔψm,and decreased mitochondrial mass.Proteomic profiling identified 264 dysregulated proteins,including a 3.8-fold upregulation of Succinate Dehydrogenase[Ubiquinone]Flavoprotein Subunit A(SDHA).Conclusion:Nigericin induces apoptosis in AML cells by disrupting mitochondrial function and enhancing oxidative stress.Its nanomolar potency highlights the need for further mechanistic studies and in vivo evaluations to explore its potential in AML treatment.展开更多
Elucidating the relationship between spin excitations and fermiology is essential for clarifying the pairing mechanism in iron-based superconductors(FeSCs).Here,we report inelastic neutron scattering results on the ho...Elucidating the relationship between spin excitations and fermiology is essential for clarifying the pairing mechanism in iron-based superconductors(FeSCs).Here,we report inelastic neutron scattering results on the hole overdoped Ba_(0.4)K_(0.6)Fe_(2)As_(2) near a Lifshitz transition,where the electron pocket at M point is nearly replaced by four hole pockets.In the normal state,the spin excitations is observed at incommensurate wave vectors with a chimney-like dispersion.By cooling down to the superconducting state,a neutron spin resonance mode emerges with a peak energy of Er=14-15 meV,weakly modulated along the L-direction.The incommensurability notably increases at low energies,giving rise to downward dispersions of the resonance mode.This behavior contrasts sharply with the upward dispersions of resonance observed in optimally doped Ba_(0.67)K_(0.33)Fe_(2)As_(2) contributed by the hole to electron scattering,but resembles those in KFe_(2)As_(2) and KCa_(2)Fe_(4)As_(4)F_(2) where the fermiology is dominated by hole pockets.These results highlight the critical role of electronic structure modifications near the Fermi level,especially in governing interband scattering under imperfect nesting conditions,which fundamentally shape the spin dynamics of FeSCs.展开更多
The performance of a well-designed layer of sand, and composites like layer of sand mixed with shredded rubber tire (RSM) as low cost base isolators, is studied in shake table tests in the laboratory. The building fou...The performance of a well-designed layer of sand, and composites like layer of sand mixed with shredded rubber tire (RSM) as low cost base isolators, is studied in shake table tests in the laboratory. The building foundation is modeled by a 200 mm by 200 mm and 40 mm thick rigid plexi-glass block. The block is placed in the middle of a 1m by 1m tank filled with sand. The selected base isolator is placed between the block and the sand foundation. Accelerometers are placed on top of the footing and foundation sand layer. The displacement of the footing is also measured by LVDT. The whole setup is mounted on a shake table and subjected to sinusoidal motions with varying amplitude and frequency. Sand is found to be effective only at very high amplitude (> 0.65 g) of motions. The performance of a composite consisting of sand and 50% shredded rubber tire placed under the footing is found to be most promising as a low-cost effective base isolator.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)demonstrated by machines is based on reinforcement learning and revolves around the usage of algorithms.The purpose of this review was to summarize concepts,the scope,applications,and limita...Artificial intelligence(AI)demonstrated by machines is based on reinforcement learning and revolves around the usage of algorithms.The purpose of this review was to summarize concepts,the scope,applications,and limitations in major gastrointestinal surgery.This is a narrative review of the available literature on the key capabilities of AI to help anesthesiologists,surgeons,and other physicians to understand and critically evaluate ongoing and new AI applications in perioperative management.AI uses available databases called“big data”to formulate an algorithm.Analysis of other data based on these algorithms can help in early diagnosis,accurate risk assessment,intraoperative management,automated drug delivery,predicting anesthesia and surgical complications and postoperative outcomes and can thus lead to effective perioperative management as well as to reduce the cost of treatment.Perioperative physicians,anesthesiologists,and surgeons are well-positioned to help integrate AI into modern surgical practice.We all need to partner and collaborate with data scientists to collect and analyze data across all phases of perioperative care to provide clinical scenarios and context.Careful implementation and use of AI along with real-time human interpretation will revolutionize perioperative care,and is the way forward in future perioperative management of major surgery.展开更多
In the recent decades,effects of blast loads on natural and man-made structures have gained considerable attention due to increase in threat from various man-made activities.Site-specific empirical relationships for c...In the recent decades,effects of blast loads on natural and man-made structures have gained considerable attention due to increase in threat from various man-made activities.Site-specific empirical relationships for calculation of blast-induced vibration parameters like peak particle velocity(PPV)and peak particle displacement(PPD)are commonly used for estimation of blast loads in design.However,these relation-ships are not able to consider the variation in rock parameters and uncertainty of in situ conditions.In this paper,a total of 1089 published blast data of various researchers in different rock sites have been collected and used to propose generalized empirical model for PPV by considering the effects of rock parameters like unit weight,rock quality designation(ROD),geological strength index(GSI),and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS).The proposed PPV model has a good correlation coefficient and hence it can be directly used in prediction of blast-induced vibrations in rocks.Standard errors and coefficient of correlations of the predicted blast-induced vibration parameters are obtained with respect to the observed field data.The proposed empirical model for PPV has also been compared with the empirical models available for blast vibrations predictions given by other researchers and found to be in good agreement with specific cases.展开更多
Geant4 based Monte Carlo study has been carried out to assess the improvement in efficiency of the planar structure of Silicon Carbide(SiC)-based semiconductor fast neutron detector with the stacked structure. A proto...Geant4 based Monte Carlo study has been carried out to assess the improvement in efficiency of the planar structure of Silicon Carbide(SiC)-based semiconductor fast neutron detector with the stacked structure. A proton recoil detector was simulated, which consists of hydrogenous converter, i.e., high-density polyethylene(HDPE) for generating recoil protons by means of neutron elastic scattering(n, p) reaction and semiconductor material SiC, for generating a detectable electrical signal upon transport of recoil protons through it. SiC is considered in order to overcome the various factors associated with conventional Si-based devices such as operability in a harsh radiation environment, as often encountered in nuclear facilities. Converter layer thickness is optimized by considering 10~9 neutron events of different monoenergetic neutron sources as well as ^(241)Am-Be neutron spectrum. It is found that the optimized thickness for neutron energy range of 1–10 MeV is ~400 μm. However, the efficiency of fast neutron detection is estimated to be only 0.112%,which is considered very low for meaningful and reliable detection of neutrons. To overcome this problem, a stacked juxtaposition of converter layer between SiC layers has been analyzed in order to achieve high efficiency. It is noted that a tenfold efficiency improvement has been obtained—1.04% for 10 layers stacked configuration vis-à-vis 0.112% of single converter layer detector. Further simulation of the stacked detector with respect to variable converter thickness has been performed to achieve the efficiency as high as ~3.85% with up to 50 stacks.展开更多
Simultaneous observations for the total column densities of NO2,O3 and H2O were carried on using the portable Spectrometer (438-450 nm and 400-450 nm) and the visible Spectrometer (544.4-628 nm) during premonsoon thun...Simultaneous observations for the total column densities of NO2,O3 and H2O were carried on using the portable Spectrometer (438-450 nm and 400-450 nm) and the visible Spectrometer (544.4-628 nm) during premonsoon thunderstorms and embedded hail storm activity at Pune (18°32'N & 73°51'E),India.These observations confirm the fact that there is an increase in O3 and NO2 column densities during thunderstorms.The increase in O3 was observed following onset of thunderstorm,while the increase in NO2 was observed only after the thunder flashes occur.This implies that the production mechanisms for O3 and NO2 in thunderstorm are different.The observed column density of NO,value (1 to 3×1017molecules cm-2) during thunderstorm activity is 10 to 30 times higher than the value (1×10th molecules cm-2) of a normal day total column density.The spectrometric observations and observations of thunder flashes by electric field meter showed that 6.4×1025molecules/flash of NO2 are produced.The increased to-oil column density of ozone during thunderstorm period is 1.2 times higher than normal (clear) day ozone concentration.The multiple scattering in the clouds is estimated from H2O and O2 absorption bands in the visible spectral region Considering this effect the calculated amount of ozone added in the global atmosphere due to thunderstorm activity is 0.26 to 0 52 DU,and the annual production of ozone due to thunderstorm activity is of the order of 4.02×10 molecules/year The annual NO2 production may be of the order of 2.02×1035molecules/year.展开更多
A shield module is associated with an Indian Test Blanket Module (TBM) in ITER to limit the radiation doses in port inter-space areas.The shield module is made of stainless steel plates and water channels.It is identi...A shield module is associated with an Indian Test Blanket Module (TBM) in ITER to limit the radiation doses in port inter-space areas.The shield module is made of stainless steel plates and water channels.It is identified as an important component for radiation protection because of its radiation exposure control functionality.The radiation protection classification leads to more assurance of the component design.In order to validate and verify the design of the shield module,a neutronic laboratory-scale experiment is designed and executed.The experiment is planned by considering the irradiation under a neutron source of 14 MeV and yields of 1010 n s-1.The reference neutron spectrum of the ITER TBM shield module has been achieved through optimization of the neutron source spectrum by a combination of steel and lead materials.The neutron spectrum and flux are measured using a multiple foil activation technique and neutron dose-rate meter LB 6411 (He-3 proton recoil counter with polyethylene),respectively.The neutronic design simulation is assessed using MCNP5 and FENDL 2.1 crosssection data.The paper covers neutronic design,irradiation and the outcome of the experiment in detail.展开更多
Activation analyses play a vital role in nuclear reactor design.Activation analyses,along with nuclear analyses,provide important information for nuclear safety and maintenance strategies.Activation analyses also help...Activation analyses play a vital role in nuclear reactor design.Activation analyses,along with nuclear analyses,provide important information for nuclear safety and maintenance strategies.Activation analyses also help in the selection of materials for a nuclear reactor,by providing the radioactivity and dose rate levels after irradiation.This information is important to help define maintenance activity for different parts of the reactor,and to plan decommissioning and radioactive waste disposal strategies.The study of activation analyses of candidate structural materials for near-term fusion reactors or ITER is equally essential,due to the presence of a highenergy neutron environment which makes decisive demands on material selection.This study comprises two parts; in the first part the activation characteristics,in a fusion radiation environment,of several elements which are widely present in structural materials,are studied.It reveals that the presence of a few specific elements in a material can diminish its feasibility for use in the nuclear environment.The second part of the study concentrates on activation analyses of candidate structural materials for near-term fusion reactors and their comparison in fusion radiation conditions.The structural materials selected for this study,i.e.India-specific Reduced Activation Ferritic-Martensitic steel（IN-RAFMS）,P91-grade steel,stainless steel 316 LN ITER-grade（SS-316 LN-IG）,stainless steel 316 L and stainless steel 304,are candidates for use in ITER either in vessel components or test blanket systems.Tungsten is also included in this study because of its use for ITER plasma-facing components.The study is carried out using the reference parameters of the ITER fusion reactor.The activation characteristics of the materials are assessed considering the irradiation at an ITER equatorial port.The presence of elements like Nb,Mo,Co and Ta in a structural material enhance the activity level as well as the dose level,which has an impact on design considerations.IN-RAFMS was shown to be a more effective low-activation material than SS-316 LN-IG.展开更多
Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)are gaining significant attention in regenerative medicine for their potential to treat degenerative diseases and mitigate radiation injuries.WJ-MSCs are more naïve...Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)are gaining significant attention in regenerative medicine for their potential to treat degenerative diseases and mitigate radiation injuries.WJ-MSCs are more naïve and have a better safety profile,making them suitable for both autologous and allogeneic transplantations.This review highlights the regenerative potential of WJ-MSCs and their clinical applications in mitigating various types of radiation injuries.In this review,we will also describe why WJ-MSCs will become one of the most probable stem cells for future regenerative medicine along with a balanced view on their strengths and weaknesses.Finally,the most updated literature related to both preclinical and clinical usage of WJ-MSCs for their potential application in the regeneration of tissues and organs will also be compiled.展开更多
This work reports spectroscopic studies of uranium containing plasma generated in air and argon environments. The 532 nm Q-switched Nd：YAG laser generates the optical breakdown plasma, which was recorded by a spectro...This work reports spectroscopic studies of uranium containing plasma generated in air and argon environments. The 532 nm Q-switched Nd：YAG laser generates the optical breakdown plasma, which was recorded by a spectrometer and an intensified charge coupled device having a resolution of 25 pm. Neutral and ionized uranium lines in the wavelength range of 385.8-391.9 nm indicate significant width and shift variations during the first few microseconds. Electron temperature and density of the plasma are determined using the Boltzmann plot and the Saha-Boltzmann equation at various time delay. The study reveals the power law decay pattern of electron temperature and density, which changes to exponential decay pattern if large gate- width is used to acquire the signal, due to an averaging effect.展开更多
文摘Fear of cancer recurrence(FCR)is a psychological worry among cancer survivors,particularly among the elderly who are at risk of developing physiological and psychological vulnerabilities.In a cross-sectional survey of 264 elderly gastric cancer(GC)patients by Zhu et al,a high rate(63.64%)of clinically significant FCR was observed following laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.Factors affecting the high rate of FCR were a high level of self-perceived burden,lower education level,large tumour diameter,short duration of disease,and postoperative complications.They also established a validated nomogram model to predict the risk of FCR in this patient population.In this letter,we want to emphasize that,in addition to integrating psychological screening and focused interventions into the routine postoperative care of elderly GC patients,prehabilitation interventions before surgery,including psychological support,may provide a proactive response to mitigate FCR and improve long-term outcomes.
文摘Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,technological advances in this field and immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized the treatment of HGGs and BM.Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors,CAR-T targeting,oncolytic virus-based therapy,bispecific antibody treatment,and vaccination approaches,etc.,are emerging as promising avenues offering new hope in refining patient’s survival benefits.However,selective trafficking across the blood-brain barrier(BBB),immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),metabolic alteration,and tumor heterogeneity limit the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for HGGs and BM.Furthermore,to address this concern,the NanoBioTechnology-based bioinspired delivery system has been gaining tremendous attention in recent years.With technological advances such as Trojan horse targeting and infusing/camouflaging nanoparticles surface with biological molecules/cells like immunocytes,erythrocytes,platelets,glioma cell lysate and/or integrating these strategies to get hybrid membrane for homotypic recognition.These biomimetic nanotherapy offers advantages over conventional nanoparticles,focusing on greater target specificity,increased circulation stability,higher active loading capacity,BBB permeability(inherent inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils),decreased immunogenicity,efficient metabolism-based combinatorial effects,and prevention of tumor recurrence by induction of immunological memory,etc.provide new age of improved immunotherapies outcomes against HGGs and BM.In this review,we emphasize on neuro-immunotherapy and the versatility of these biomimetic nano-delivery strategies for precise targeting of hard-to-treat andmost lethal HGGs and BM.Moreover,the challenges impeding the clinical translatability of these approaches were addressed to unmet medical needs of brain cancers.
基金financial support from CHRIST(Deemed to be University,Bangalore)through the SEED money projects(No:SMSS-2335,11/2023&SMSS-2220,12/2022)by the SERB project(CRG/2023/005271).
文摘We present a comprehensive mid-infrared spectroscopic survey of 124 Herbig Ae/Be stars using newly processed Spitzer/IRS spectra from the newly released CASSISjuice database.Based on prominent dust and molecular signatures(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),silicates,and hydrogenated amorphous carbons),we classify the stars into five groups.Our analysis reveals that 64%of the spectra show PAH emission,with detections peaking in the stellar effective temperature range 7000–11,000 K(B9–A5).Silicate features appear in 50%of the sample and likewise diminish at higher temperatures.Additionally,we find that future PAH studies can focus on Herbig Ae/Be stars with a spectral index n_(2−24)>−1 and flared morphologies to maximize PAH detections.The 6.2μm PAH band is the most frequently observed in our sample,shifting blueward with increasing stellar temperature,and this is the largest sample yet used to test that peak shift.The weaker 6.0μm feature does not shift with 6.2μm,implying a distinct origin of C=O(carbonyl)or olefinic C=C stretching relative to C–C vibrations.We examined the 11.0/11.2μm PAH ratio using high-resolution Spitzer spectra for the first time in a sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars,finding a range of ionization conditions.This study provides a strong foundation for future JWST observations of intermediate-mass pre-main-sequence stars.
基金support of the Department of Atomic Energy,Government of India,under project identification No.RT4002supported by Fermi vip Investigator grants NNX08AN56G,NNX08AN56G,NNX09AV10G,and NNX15AU81G。
文摘We present the results of the multi-epoch broadband spectral study of 1ES 2344+514 and study the evolution of physical parameters.We used nearly simultaneous data obtained from 2017 June 6 to 2022 August 6(MJD 57910–59797)in optical,UV,X-ray andγ-ray wavebands from various instruments including Swift-UVOT,Swift-XRT,Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array(NuSTAR),AstroSat(SXT and LAXPC),Fermi-LAT,and TeV flux from MAGIC.During 2017 July,1ES 2344+514 appeared to be in the highest flaring state compared to other periods.We used the 0.5–7.0 keV and 3.0–20.0 keV data,respectively,from SXT and LAXPC of AstroSat and also 0.3–8.0 keV and 3.0–79.0 keV data,respectively,from Swift-XRT and NuSTAR.A joint fit between SXT and LAXPC,and between Swift-XRT and NuSTAR has been done for constraining the synchrotron peak.A clear shift in the synchrotron peak has been observed,which included 1ES 2344+514 in the HSP BL Lac family.A“harder-when-brighter”trend is observed in X-rays,and the opposite trend,i.e.,“softer-when-brighter,”is seen in theγ-rays.The multi-epoch broadband spectral energy distributions(SEDs)of this source were built and studied to get an idea of the radiation processes.The SEDs were fitted using a steady-state leptonic one-zone synchrotron+SSC model,and the fitted parameters of the emission region are consistent with those of other TeV BL Lacs.In this study,we found a weak correlation tendency between bolometric luminosity and magnetic field(B),as well as between bolometric luminosity and the break Lorentz factor(γ_(break)).
文摘Background:Acute Myeloid Leukemia(AML)is a highly aggressive clonal hematological malignancy with limited treatment options.This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of nigericin,a polyether ionophore derived from Streptomyces DASNCL-29,as a mitochondrial-targeted agent for AML treatment.Methods:Nigericin was isolated from Streptomyces DASNCL-29 and characterized via chromatography and NMR.Its cytotoxicity was tested in MOLM13(sensitive and venetoclax-resistant)and HL60(sensitive and cytarabine-resistant)cells using the MTT assay.Mitochondrial dysfunction was assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(Δψm),and mitochondrial mass.Apoptosis was evaluated with Annexin V/PI assays and immunoblotting,while proteomic analysis was conducted using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)to identify differentially regulated proteins.Results:Nigericin demonstrated potent cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 57.02 nM in MOLM13-sensitive,35.29 nM in MOLM13-resistant,20.49 nM in HL60-sensitive,and 1.197 nM in HL60-cytarabine-resistant cells.Apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V/PI staining and caspase-3/PARP cleavage,along with MCL-1 downregulation.Mitochondrial dysfunction was evident from increased ROS,reducedΔψm,and decreased mitochondrial mass.Proteomic profiling identified 264 dysregulated proteins,including a 3.8-fold upregulation of Succinate Dehydrogenase[Ubiquinone]Flavoprotein Subunit A(SDHA).Conclusion:Nigericin induces apoptosis in AML cells by disrupting mitochondrial function and enhancing oxidative stress.Its nanomolar potency highlights the need for further mechanistic studies and in vivo evaluations to explore its potential in AML treatment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1406100,2018YFA0704200,2022YFA1403400 and 2021YFA1400400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11822411 and 12274444)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the CAS(Grant Nos.XDB25000000 and XDB33000000)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2020-01)AP by HBNI-RRCAT and MPCST under the FTYS program。
文摘Elucidating the relationship between spin excitations and fermiology is essential for clarifying the pairing mechanism in iron-based superconductors(FeSCs).Here,we report inelastic neutron scattering results on the hole overdoped Ba_(0.4)K_(0.6)Fe_(2)As_(2) near a Lifshitz transition,where the electron pocket at M point is nearly replaced by four hole pockets.In the normal state,the spin excitations is observed at incommensurate wave vectors with a chimney-like dispersion.By cooling down to the superconducting state,a neutron spin resonance mode emerges with a peak energy of Er=14-15 meV,weakly modulated along the L-direction.The incommensurability notably increases at low energies,giving rise to downward dispersions of the resonance mode.This behavior contrasts sharply with the upward dispersions of resonance observed in optimally doped Ba_(0.67)K_(0.33)Fe_(2)As_(2) contributed by the hole to electron scattering,but resembles those in KFe_(2)As_(2) and KCa_(2)Fe_(4)As_(4)F_(2) where the fermiology is dominated by hole pockets.These results highlight the critical role of electronic structure modifications near the Fermi level,especially in governing interband scattering under imperfect nesting conditions,which fundamentally shape the spin dynamics of FeSCs.
基金funding by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC),Mumbai
文摘The performance of a well-designed layer of sand, and composites like layer of sand mixed with shredded rubber tire (RSM) as low cost base isolators, is studied in shake table tests in the laboratory. The building foundation is modeled by a 200 mm by 200 mm and 40 mm thick rigid plexi-glass block. The block is placed in the middle of a 1m by 1m tank filled with sand. The selected base isolator is placed between the block and the sand foundation. Accelerometers are placed on top of the footing and foundation sand layer. The displacement of the footing is also measured by LVDT. The whole setup is mounted on a shake table and subjected to sinusoidal motions with varying amplitude and frequency. Sand is found to be effective only at very high amplitude (> 0.65 g) of motions. The performance of a composite consisting of sand and 50% shredded rubber tire placed under the footing is found to be most promising as a low-cost effective base isolator.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)demonstrated by machines is based on reinforcement learning and revolves around the usage of algorithms.The purpose of this review was to summarize concepts,the scope,applications,and limitations in major gastrointestinal surgery.This is a narrative review of the available literature on the key capabilities of AI to help anesthesiologists,surgeons,and other physicians to understand and critically evaluate ongoing and new AI applications in perioperative management.AI uses available databases called“big data”to formulate an algorithm.Analysis of other data based on these algorithms can help in early diagnosis,accurate risk assessment,intraoperative management,automated drug delivery,predicting anesthesia and surgical complications and postoperative outcomes and can thus lead to effective perioperative management as well as to reduce the cost of treatment.Perioperative physicians,anesthesiologists,and surgeons are well-positioned to help integrate AI into modern surgical practice.We all need to partner and collaborate with data scientists to collect and analyze data across all phases of perioperative care to provide clinical scenarios and context.Careful implementation and use of AI along with real-time human interpretation will revolutionize perioperative care,and is the way forward in future perioperative management of major surgery.
文摘In the recent decades,effects of blast loads on natural and man-made structures have gained considerable attention due to increase in threat from various man-made activities.Site-specific empirical relationships for calculation of blast-induced vibration parameters like peak particle velocity(PPV)and peak particle displacement(PPD)are commonly used for estimation of blast loads in design.However,these relation-ships are not able to consider the variation in rock parameters and uncertainty of in situ conditions.In this paper,a total of 1089 published blast data of various researchers in different rock sites have been collected and used to propose generalized empirical model for PPV by considering the effects of rock parameters like unit weight,rock quality designation(ROD),geological strength index(GSI),and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS).The proposed PPV model has a good correlation coefficient and hence it can be directly used in prediction of blast-induced vibrations in rocks.Standard errors and coefficient of correlations of the predicted blast-induced vibration parameters are obtained with respect to the observed field data.The proposed empirical model for PPV has also been compared with the empirical models available for blast vibrations predictions given by other researchers and found to be in good agreement with specific cases.
基金supported by the grant of a research fellowship from Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research,Department of Atomic Energy,India
文摘Geant4 based Monte Carlo study has been carried out to assess the improvement in efficiency of the planar structure of Silicon Carbide(SiC)-based semiconductor fast neutron detector with the stacked structure. A proton recoil detector was simulated, which consists of hydrogenous converter, i.e., high-density polyethylene(HDPE) for generating recoil protons by means of neutron elastic scattering(n, p) reaction and semiconductor material SiC, for generating a detectable electrical signal upon transport of recoil protons through it. SiC is considered in order to overcome the various factors associated with conventional Si-based devices such as operability in a harsh radiation environment, as often encountered in nuclear facilities. Converter layer thickness is optimized by considering 10~9 neutron events of different monoenergetic neutron sources as well as ^(241)Am-Be neutron spectrum. It is found that the optimized thickness for neutron energy range of 1–10 MeV is ~400 μm. However, the efficiency of fast neutron detection is estimated to be only 0.112%,which is considered very low for meaningful and reliable detection of neutrons. To overcome this problem, a stacked juxtaposition of converter layer between SiC layers has been analyzed in order to achieve high efficiency. It is noted that a tenfold efficiency improvement has been obtained—1.04% for 10 layers stacked configuration vis-à-vis 0.112% of single converter layer detector. Further simulation of the stacked detector with respect to variable converter thickness has been performed to achieve the efficiency as high as ~3.85% with up to 50 stacks.
文摘Simultaneous observations for the total column densities of NO2,O3 and H2O were carried on using the portable Spectrometer (438-450 nm and 400-450 nm) and the visible Spectrometer (544.4-628 nm) during premonsoon thunderstorms and embedded hail storm activity at Pune (18°32'N & 73°51'E),India.These observations confirm the fact that there is an increase in O3 and NO2 column densities during thunderstorms.The increase in O3 was observed following onset of thunderstorm,while the increase in NO2 was observed only after the thunder flashes occur.This implies that the production mechanisms for O3 and NO2 in thunderstorm are different.The observed column density of NO,value (1 to 3×1017molecules cm-2) during thunderstorm activity is 10 to 30 times higher than the value (1×10th molecules cm-2) of a normal day total column density.The spectrometric observations and observations of thunder flashes by electric field meter showed that 6.4×1025molecules/flash of NO2 are produced.The increased to-oil column density of ozone during thunderstorm period is 1.2 times higher than normal (clear) day ozone concentration.The multiple scattering in the clouds is estimated from H2O and O2 absorption bands in the visible spectral region Considering this effect the calculated amount of ozone added in the global atmosphere due to thunderstorm activity is 0.26 to 0 52 DU,and the annual production of ozone due to thunderstorm activity is of the order of 4.02×10 molecules/year The annual NO2 production may be of the order of 2.02×1035molecules/year.
文摘A shield module is associated with an Indian Test Blanket Module (TBM) in ITER to limit the radiation doses in port inter-space areas.The shield module is made of stainless steel plates and water channels.It is identified as an important component for radiation protection because of its radiation exposure control functionality.The radiation protection classification leads to more assurance of the component design.In order to validate and verify the design of the shield module,a neutronic laboratory-scale experiment is designed and executed.The experiment is planned by considering the irradiation under a neutron source of 14 MeV and yields of 1010 n s-1.The reference neutron spectrum of the ITER TBM shield module has been achieved through optimization of the neutron source spectrum by a combination of steel and lead materials.The neutron spectrum and flux are measured using a multiple foil activation technique and neutron dose-rate meter LB 6411 (He-3 proton recoil counter with polyethylene),respectively.The neutronic design simulation is assessed using MCNP5 and FENDL 2.1 crosssection data.The paper covers neutronic design,irradiation and the outcome of the experiment in detail.
文摘Activation analyses play a vital role in nuclear reactor design.Activation analyses,along with nuclear analyses,provide important information for nuclear safety and maintenance strategies.Activation analyses also help in the selection of materials for a nuclear reactor,by providing the radioactivity and dose rate levels after irradiation.This information is important to help define maintenance activity for different parts of the reactor,and to plan decommissioning and radioactive waste disposal strategies.The study of activation analyses of candidate structural materials for near-term fusion reactors or ITER is equally essential,due to the presence of a highenergy neutron environment which makes decisive demands on material selection.This study comprises two parts; in the first part the activation characteristics,in a fusion radiation environment,of several elements which are widely present in structural materials,are studied.It reveals that the presence of a few specific elements in a material can diminish its feasibility for use in the nuclear environment.The second part of the study concentrates on activation analyses of candidate structural materials for near-term fusion reactors and their comparison in fusion radiation conditions.The structural materials selected for this study,i.e.India-specific Reduced Activation Ferritic-Martensitic steel（IN-RAFMS）,P91-grade steel,stainless steel 316 LN ITER-grade（SS-316 LN-IG）,stainless steel 316 L and stainless steel 304,are candidates for use in ITER either in vessel components or test blanket systems.Tungsten is also included in this study because of its use for ITER plasma-facing components.The study is carried out using the reference parameters of the ITER fusion reactor.The activation characteristics of the materials are assessed considering the irradiation at an ITER equatorial port.The presence of elements like Nb,Mo,Co and Ta in a structural material enhance the activity level as well as the dose level,which has an impact on design considerations.IN-RAFMS was shown to be a more effective low-activation material than SS-316 LN-IG.
文摘Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)are gaining significant attention in regenerative medicine for their potential to treat degenerative diseases and mitigate radiation injuries.WJ-MSCs are more naïve and have a better safety profile,making them suitable for both autologous and allogeneic transplantations.This review highlights the regenerative potential of WJ-MSCs and their clinical applications in mitigating various types of radiation injuries.In this review,we will also describe why WJ-MSCs will become one of the most probable stem cells for future regenerative medicine along with a balanced view on their strengths and weaknesses.Finally,the most updated literature related to both preclinical and clinical usage of WJ-MSCs for their potential application in the regeneration of tissues and organs will also be compiled.
基金supported by the fund obtained from DAE-BARC(ⅫPlan)
文摘This work reports spectroscopic studies of uranium containing plasma generated in air and argon environments. The 532 nm Q-switched Nd：YAG laser generates the optical breakdown plasma, which was recorded by a spectrometer and an intensified charge coupled device having a resolution of 25 pm. Neutral and ionized uranium lines in the wavelength range of 385.8-391.9 nm indicate significant width and shift variations during the first few microseconds. Electron temperature and density of the plasma are determined using the Boltzmann plot and the Saha-Boltzmann equation at various time delay. The study reveals the power law decay pattern of electron temperature and density, which changes to exponential decay pattern if large gate- width is used to acquire the signal, due to an averaging effect.
