Introduction: Despite the many efforts made to combat preventable maternal deaths, these still remain high in Benin. It was therefore important to revisit the causes but especially the adverse events associated with c...Introduction: Despite the many efforts made to combat preventable maternal deaths, these still remain high in Benin. It was therefore important to revisit the causes but especially the adverse events associated with care (EIS) in maternity. Objective: Determine the incidence, adverse events associated with care and causes of intra hospital maternal mortality in cotonou. Methods: This was a cross-sectional maternal mortality review study with retrospective data collection. It covered all cases of maternal death recorded between 2017 and 2021 in two (2) reference university maternities in Cotonou. Adverse events associated with care and the patient were analyzed using the maternal death audit grid validated for Benin. SPSS.26 software was used for data analysis. Results: The in-hospital maternal mortality ratio in Cotonou was 2028 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2021. Only 7.2% (n = 36) of deaths were audited. The deceased mothers were 29.8 ± 7.4 years old, with no fixed monthly income in 82.7% (n = 420). Serious adverse events associated with care were: delay in decision to refer in 37% (n = 188), non-medical referral in 85.8% (n = 436) of cases, inadequate pre-referral treatment in 25.7% of cases. In receiving maternities, delay in diagnosis and inappropriate treatment at the receiving maternity were noted respectively in 22.9% and 28.6% of cases of maternal death. The direct causes of maternal death were dominated by serious obstetric hemorrhage in 43.9% (n = 223). As for the indirect causes, they were dominated by anemia excluding obstetric hemorrhages in 21.5% (n = 109). Conclusion: The in-hospital maternal mortality ratio was very high in Cotonou. The main cause was severe obstetric hemorrhage. There were several serious healthcare-associated adverse events whose correct management would significantly reduce the incidence of maternal deaths.展开更多
In our earlier paper,we generalize the one-parameter(c)family of inhomogeneous firstorder differential operator representations of the orthogonal Lie algebras arising from conformal transformations to those of orthosy...In our earlier paper,we generalize the one-parameter(c)family of inhomogeneous firstorder differential operator representations of the orthogonal Lie algebras arising from conformal transformations to those of orthosymplectic Lie super algebras,and determine the irreducible condition.This paper deals with the cases when the irreducible condition fails.We prove that if n-m-1>0 and c is an integer satisfying 1≤c≤n-m-1,the representation of osp(2n+2|2m)has a composition series of length 2,and when n-m-1≥0 and c∈-N,the representation of osp(2n+2|2m)has a composition series of length 3,where N is the set of nonnegative integers.Moreover,we show that if c∈(max{n-m,0}-1/2-N)∪(-N),the representation of osp(2n+3|2m)has a composition series of length 2.In particular,we obtain an explicit presentation of the irreducible module with highest weight lλ2-λ1,where l is any positive integer and it is not a generalized Verma module.展开更多
We study the existence of standing waves of fractional Schrodinger equations with a potential term and a general nonlinear term:iut-(-Δ)^(s)u-V(x)u+f(u)=0,(t,x)∈R_(+)×R^(N),where s∈(0,1),N>2s is an integer ...We study the existence of standing waves of fractional Schrodinger equations with a potential term and a general nonlinear term:iut-(-Δ)^(s)u-V(x)u+f(u)=0,(t,x)∈R_(+)×R^(N),where s∈(0,1),N>2s is an integer and V(x)≤0 is radial.More precisely,we investigate the minimizing problem with L2-constraint:E(a)=inf{1/2∫_(R_(N))|(-△)^(s/2)u|^(2)+V(x)|u|^(2)-2F(|u|)|u∈H^(s)(R^(N)),||u||_(L^(2))^(2)(R^(N))=α.Under general assumptions on the nonlinearity term f(u)and the potential term V(x),we prove that there exists a constant a00 such that E(a)can be achieved for all a>a_(0),and there is no global minimizer with respect to E(a)for all 0<a<a_(0).Moreover,we propose some criteria determining a0=0 or a_(0)>0.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Despite the many efforts made to combat preventable maternal deaths, these still remain high in Benin. It was therefore important to revisit the causes but especially the adverse events associated with care (EIS) in maternity. Objective: Determine the incidence, adverse events associated with care and causes of intra hospital maternal mortality in cotonou. Methods: This was a cross-sectional maternal mortality review study with retrospective data collection. It covered all cases of maternal death recorded between 2017 and 2021 in two (2) reference university maternities in Cotonou. Adverse events associated with care and the patient were analyzed using the maternal death audit grid validated for Benin. SPSS.26 software was used for data analysis. Results: The in-hospital maternal mortality ratio in Cotonou was 2028 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2021. Only 7.2% (n = 36) of deaths were audited. The deceased mothers were 29.8 ± 7.4 years old, with no fixed monthly income in 82.7% (n = 420). Serious adverse events associated with care were: delay in decision to refer in 37% (n = 188), non-medical referral in 85.8% (n = 436) of cases, inadequate pre-referral treatment in 25.7% of cases. In receiving maternities, delay in diagnosis and inappropriate treatment at the receiving maternity were noted respectively in 22.9% and 28.6% of cases of maternal death. The direct causes of maternal death were dominated by serious obstetric hemorrhage in 43.9% (n = 223). As for the indirect causes, they were dominated by anemia excluding obstetric hemorrhages in 21.5% (n = 109). Conclusion: The in-hospital maternal mortality ratio was very high in Cotonou. The main cause was severe obstetric hemorrhage. There were several serious healthcare-associated adverse events whose correct management would significantly reduce the incidence of maternal deaths.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0712600)。
文摘In our earlier paper,we generalize the one-parameter(c)family of inhomogeneous firstorder differential operator representations of the orthogonal Lie algebras arising from conformal transformations to those of orthosymplectic Lie super algebras,and determine the irreducible condition.This paper deals with the cases when the irreducible condition fails.We prove that if n-m-1>0 and c is an integer satisfying 1≤c≤n-m-1,the representation of osp(2n+2|2m)has a composition series of length 2,and when n-m-1≥0 and c∈-N,the representation of osp(2n+2|2m)has a composition series of length 3,where N is the set of nonnegative integers.Moreover,we show that if c∈(max{n-m,0}-1/2-N)∪(-N),the representation of osp(2n+3|2m)has a composition series of length 2.In particular,we obtain an explicit presentation of the irreducible module with highest weight lλ2-λ1,where l is any positive integer and it is not a generalized Verma module.
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.A2022205007)Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(No.QN2022047)+1 种基金Science Foundation of Hebei Normal University(No.L2021B05)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11771428,12031015 and 12026217).
文摘We study the existence of standing waves of fractional Schrodinger equations with a potential term and a general nonlinear term:iut-(-Δ)^(s)u-V(x)u+f(u)=0,(t,x)∈R_(+)×R^(N),where s∈(0,1),N>2s is an integer and V(x)≤0 is radial.More precisely,we investigate the minimizing problem with L2-constraint:E(a)=inf{1/2∫_(R_(N))|(-△)^(s/2)u|^(2)+V(x)|u|^(2)-2F(|u|)|u∈H^(s)(R^(N)),||u||_(L^(2))^(2)(R^(N))=α.Under general assumptions on the nonlinearity term f(u)and the potential term V(x),we prove that there exists a constant a00 such that E(a)can be achieved for all a>a_(0),and there is no global minimizer with respect to E(a)for all 0<a<a_(0).Moreover,we propose some criteria determining a0=0 or a_(0)>0.
