Atypical chemokine receptors have recently emerged as important molecular players in health and diseases; they affect chemokine availability and function and impact a multitude of pathophysiological events, including ...Atypical chemokine receptors have recently emerged as important molecular players in health and diseases; they affect chemokine availability and function and impact a multitude of pathophysiological events, including the tumorigenesis process. This family of atypical receptors comprises five members: ACKR1/DARC, ACKR2/D6,ACKR3/CXCR7, ACKR4/CCRL1, and ACKR5/CCRL2. This work evaluated the differential expression of these receptors in prostate cancer using quantitative PCR. Further evaluation of CCRL2 at the protein level confirmed its overexpression in a metastatic cell line and in malignant prostatic tissues from patients. CCRL2, a presumed member of the atypical chemokine receptor family, plays a key role in lung dendritic cell trafficking to peripheral lymph nodes.Recent studies have reported the expression of CCRL2 in different human cancer cell lines and tissues. However, its function and expression in prostate cancer has not been previously addressed.展开更多
The plant immune system is divided into two branches;one branch is based on the recognition of pathogenassociated molecular patterns(PAMP-triggered immunity),and the other relies on pathogenic effector detection(effec...The plant immune system is divided into two branches;one branch is based on the recognition of pathogenassociated molecular patterns(PAMP-triggered immunity),and the other relies on pathogenic effector detection(effector-triggered immunity).Despite each branch being involved in different complex mechanisms,both lead to transcription reprogramming and,thus,changes in plant metabolism.To study the defense mechanisms involved in the Brassica oleracea–Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris(Xcc)interaction,we analyzed the plant transcriptome dynamics at 3 and 12 days postinoculation(dpi)by using massive analysis of 3′-cDNA ends.We identified more induced than repressed transcripts at both 3 and 12 dpi,although the response was greater at 12 dpi.Changes in the expression of genes related to the early infection stages were only detected at 12 dpi,suggesting that the timing of triggered defenses is crucial to plant survival.qPCR analyses in susceptible and resistant plants allowed us to highlight the potential role of two calcium-signaling proteins,CBP60g and SARD1,in the resistance against Xcc.This role was subsequently confirmed using Arabidopsis knockout mutants.展开更多
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the Iranian female population, and the incidence of the disease is rising. Early detection in association with staging or grading the tumor is the most effectiv...Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the Iranian female population, and the incidence of the disease is rising. Early detection in association with staging or grading the tumor is the most effective method to increase survival rates. Studies have revealed that cortactin overexpression may play a role in the final stages of tumor progression and affects invasion and cellular motility. The aim of this study is to evaluate cortactin gene expression among Iranian female patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Samples belonging to 70 breast cancer patients were randomly selected from the Imam Khomeini tumor bank. Normal and tumor tissues were prepared and stored at -80°C. Cortactin gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. Finally the data, along with demographic and clinical parameters, were analyzed using Prism 5.0 software, followed by t-test and ANOVA analysis. Results: Cortactin gene expression among tumor tissues increased 95.71% in comparison with normal tissues. A significant correlation between cortactin gene expression and lymph nodes’ involvement (P = 0.0077) and tumor stage (P = 0.0030) was observed. However, tumor grade (P = 0.8598), tumor size (P = 0.3058), and patient’s age (P = 0.4135) had no significant correlation with the gene’s expression level. Discussion: This study demonstrated that the cortactin gene’s overexpression in breast cancer may enhance lymph nodes’ involvement. This study also found that the gene’s expression was raised significantly in progressed stages of the cancer. Therefore, cortactin gene overexpression is an important factor indicating breast cells’ invasion. Conclusion: The cortactin gene’s expression level can be considered an accurate indicator for female breast cancer and also an appropriate biomarker for this cancer in clinical evaluations.展开更多
Alterations in plant metabolism play a key role in the complex plant-pathogen interactions.However,there is still a lack of knowledge about the connection between changes in primary and specialized metabolism and the ...Alterations in plant metabolism play a key role in the complex plant-pathogen interactions.However,there is still a lack of knowledge about the connection between changes in primary and specialized metabolism and the plant defense against diseases that impact crops.Thus,we aim to study the metabolic reprograming in Brassica oleracea plants upon infection by Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris(Xcc).To accomplish this,we utilized a combination of untargeted and targeted metabolomics,through UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and 1H-NMR,in two crop lines differing in resistance thatwere evaluated at two-and four-week intervals following inoculation(T1 and T2,respectively).Besides,to depict the physiological status of the plant during infection,enzymatic activities related to the carbohydrate pathway and oxidative stress were studied.Our results revealed different temporal dynamics in the responses of the susceptible vs.resistant crops lines.Resistant B.oleracea line suppresses carbohydrate metabolism contributing to limit nutrient supplies to the bacterium and prioritizes the induction of defensive compounds such as indolic glucosinolates,salicylic acid,phenylpropanoids and phytoalexins precursors at early infection stages.In contrast,the susceptible line invests in carbohydratemetabolism,including enzymatic activities related to the hexoses turnover,and activates defense signaling related to reactive oxygen species.Thus,each line triggers a different metabolic strategy that will affect how the plant overcomes the disease in terms of resistance and growth.This work provides first insights of a fine-tuned metabolic regulation during Xcc infection in B.oleracea that will contribute to develop new strategies for plant disease management.展开更多
文摘Atypical chemokine receptors have recently emerged as important molecular players in health and diseases; they affect chemokine availability and function and impact a multitude of pathophysiological events, including the tumorigenesis process. This family of atypical receptors comprises five members: ACKR1/DARC, ACKR2/D6,ACKR3/CXCR7, ACKR4/CCRL1, and ACKR5/CCRL2. This work evaluated the differential expression of these receptors in prostate cancer using quantitative PCR. Further evaluation of CCRL2 at the protein level confirmed its overexpression in a metastatic cell line and in malignant prostatic tissues from patients. CCRL2, a presumed member of the atypical chemokine receptor family, plays a key role in lung dendritic cell trafficking to peripheral lymph nodes.Recent studies have reported the expression of CCRL2 in different human cancer cell lines and tissues. However, its function and expression in prostate cancer has not been previously addressed.
基金supported by project AGL2015-66256-C2-R and RTI2018-096591-B-I00,by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)and by A Xunta de Galicia(IN607A 2016/13).M.T.
文摘The plant immune system is divided into two branches;one branch is based on the recognition of pathogenassociated molecular patterns(PAMP-triggered immunity),and the other relies on pathogenic effector detection(effector-triggered immunity).Despite each branch being involved in different complex mechanisms,both lead to transcription reprogramming and,thus,changes in plant metabolism.To study the defense mechanisms involved in the Brassica oleracea–Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris(Xcc)interaction,we analyzed the plant transcriptome dynamics at 3 and 12 days postinoculation(dpi)by using massive analysis of 3′-cDNA ends.We identified more induced than repressed transcripts at both 3 and 12 dpi,although the response was greater at 12 dpi.Changes in the expression of genes related to the early infection stages were only detected at 12 dpi,suggesting that the timing of triggered defenses is crucial to plant survival.qPCR analyses in susceptible and resistant plants allowed us to highlight the potential role of two calcium-signaling proteins,CBP60g and SARD1,in the resistance against Xcc.This role was subsequently confirmed using Arabidopsis knockout mutants.
文摘Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the Iranian female population, and the incidence of the disease is rising. Early detection in association with staging or grading the tumor is the most effective method to increase survival rates. Studies have revealed that cortactin overexpression may play a role in the final stages of tumor progression and affects invasion and cellular motility. The aim of this study is to evaluate cortactin gene expression among Iranian female patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Samples belonging to 70 breast cancer patients were randomly selected from the Imam Khomeini tumor bank. Normal and tumor tissues were prepared and stored at -80°C. Cortactin gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. Finally the data, along with demographic and clinical parameters, were analyzed using Prism 5.0 software, followed by t-test and ANOVA analysis. Results: Cortactin gene expression among tumor tissues increased 95.71% in comparison with normal tissues. A significant correlation between cortactin gene expression and lymph nodes’ involvement (P = 0.0077) and tumor stage (P = 0.0030) was observed. However, tumor grade (P = 0.8598), tumor size (P = 0.3058), and patient’s age (P = 0.4135) had no significant correlation with the gene’s expression level. Discussion: This study demonstrated that the cortactin gene’s overexpression in breast cancer may enhance lymph nodes’ involvement. This study also found that the gene’s expression was raised significantly in progressed stages of the cancer. Therefore, cortactin gene overexpression is an important factor indicating breast cells’ invasion. Conclusion: The cortactin gene’s expression level can be considered an accurate indicator for female breast cancer and also an appropriate biomarker for this cancer in clinical evaluations.
基金supported by the research projects PID2021-126472OB-I00 and RTI2018-094650-J-100 of the Ministry of Science and Innovation,the Government of Spain.Carmen VegaÁlvarez acknowledges a PFI fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationMarta Francisco acknowledges the Ramón y Cajal Research Program(RYC2019-027834-I)through the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and“ESF Investing in your future”.Thomas Roitschwould like to acknowledge funding by the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme I(NPU I),grant number LO1415.
文摘Alterations in plant metabolism play a key role in the complex plant-pathogen interactions.However,there is still a lack of knowledge about the connection between changes in primary and specialized metabolism and the plant defense against diseases that impact crops.Thus,we aim to study the metabolic reprograming in Brassica oleracea plants upon infection by Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris(Xcc).To accomplish this,we utilized a combination of untargeted and targeted metabolomics,through UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and 1H-NMR,in two crop lines differing in resistance thatwere evaluated at two-and four-week intervals following inoculation(T1 and T2,respectively).Besides,to depict the physiological status of the plant during infection,enzymatic activities related to the carbohydrate pathway and oxidative stress were studied.Our results revealed different temporal dynamics in the responses of the susceptible vs.resistant crops lines.Resistant B.oleracea line suppresses carbohydrate metabolism contributing to limit nutrient supplies to the bacterium and prioritizes the induction of defensive compounds such as indolic glucosinolates,salicylic acid,phenylpropanoids and phytoalexins precursors at early infection stages.In contrast,the susceptible line invests in carbohydratemetabolism,including enzymatic activities related to the hexoses turnover,and activates defense signaling related to reactive oxygen species.Thus,each line triggers a different metabolic strategy that will affect how the plant overcomes the disease in terms of resistance and growth.This work provides first insights of a fine-tuned metabolic regulation during Xcc infection in B.oleracea that will contribute to develop new strategies for plant disease management.
