The accelerated growth of global aquaculture has boosted the production chain of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus),currently the third most cultivated species worldwide.This fish plays a crucial role in global food ...The accelerated growth of global aquaculture has boosted the production chain of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus),currently the third most cultivated species worldwide.This fish plays a crucial role in global food security.Protein is the main fish diet nutrient,and its quality,as well as protein level variations,directly and significantly affect the productive chain of this species.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive review of protein requirements at different tilapia development stages,underscoring the fundamental importance of a balanced diet to promote efficient growth.The study identified protein requirement variations based on weight,age,and different tilapia farming systems.In addition,the challenges associated with formulating balanced diets are discussed,especially in the face of the scarcity of traditional protein sources,such as fishmeal.Several factors are considered in this review,including tilapia development stage,rearing system,stocking density,ingredient quality,specific tilapia nutritional requirements and strains,feed management,temperature,and water quality.A gradual decrease in protein requirements is observed as fish grow and reach a minimum point during the growth phase,followed by a slight increase during the subsequent fattening phase.Tilapia protein requirements are influenced by various factors,including growth phase and farming system characteristics.Identifying the ideal protein levels at each stage is crucial for guiding sustainable tilapia aquaculture practices and enhancing the overall production efficiency of the species.展开更多
Curcumin-containing nanocapsule powder formulations have not been used in ruminant feed to date,despite the fact that curcumin is known to be a functional food additive.The objective of this study was to determine whe...Curcumin-containing nanocapsule powder formulations have not been used in ruminant feed to date,despite the fact that curcumin is known to be a functional food additive.The objective of this study was to determine whether ethyl polymethacrylate(Eudragit L-100)nanocapsules loaded with curcumin(N-CU)would improve health and growth of lambs.Thirty-two male Lacaune lambs(body weight[BW]=16±0.99 kg;45 d of age)were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments:T0,T1,T2 and T4,representing supplementation of curcumin at 0,1,2,and 4 mg/kg concentrate,respectively.The animals in each treatment were allocated in 4 pens of 2 lambs each(8 lambs per treatment).The experiment lasted 17 d,with samples and measurements collected on d 0,7,12,and 17.The T2 lambs had greater average daily gain than T0 lambs.Regression analysis showed that the ideal dose of N-CU to enhance weight gain was 1.89 mg/kg concentrate.There were significant interactions(P<0.05)between treatments×time for hematological variables,particularly for increases in erythrocytes(T2)and re-ductions in counts of leukocytes,neutrophils,and lymphocytes in T1 and T2.There were significant interactions between treatment×time for total protein,globulin,urea,and triglyceride levels.Stimu-lation of the antioxidant system was also observed.There were increased levels of non-protein thiols(NPSH),as well as increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione S-transferase(GST)in the supplemented animals.Levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)were lower in the serum of sup-plemented lambs.In general,the 4 mg/kg dose had no positive effects on growth or health.This was an unexpected result,given the known properties of curcumin.Taken together,these findings suggest that addition of low concentrations of nanoencapsulated curcumin(T1 and T2)in lamb feed improves health,minimizing oxidative stress and generates anti-inflammatory effects that may have contributed indi-rectly to greater weight gain.Nanocapsules potentiate the effects of curcumin and may emerge as a new tool in animal nutrition.展开更多
文摘The accelerated growth of global aquaculture has boosted the production chain of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus),currently the third most cultivated species worldwide.This fish plays a crucial role in global food security.Protein is the main fish diet nutrient,and its quality,as well as protein level variations,directly and significantly affect the productive chain of this species.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive review of protein requirements at different tilapia development stages,underscoring the fundamental importance of a balanced diet to promote efficient growth.The study identified protein requirement variations based on weight,age,and different tilapia farming systems.In addition,the challenges associated with formulating balanced diets are discussed,especially in the face of the scarcity of traditional protein sources,such as fishmeal.Several factors are considered in this review,including tilapia development stage,rearing system,stocking density,ingredient quality,specific tilapia nutritional requirements and strains,feed management,temperature,and water quality.A gradual decrease in protein requirements is observed as fish grow and reach a minimum point during the growth phase,followed by a slight increase during the subsequent fattening phase.Tilapia protein requirements are influenced by various factors,including growth phase and farming system characteristics.Identifying the ideal protein levels at each stage is crucial for guiding sustainable tilapia aquaculture practices and enhancing the overall production efficiency of the species.
文摘Curcumin-containing nanocapsule powder formulations have not been used in ruminant feed to date,despite the fact that curcumin is known to be a functional food additive.The objective of this study was to determine whether ethyl polymethacrylate(Eudragit L-100)nanocapsules loaded with curcumin(N-CU)would improve health and growth of lambs.Thirty-two male Lacaune lambs(body weight[BW]=16±0.99 kg;45 d of age)were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments:T0,T1,T2 and T4,representing supplementation of curcumin at 0,1,2,and 4 mg/kg concentrate,respectively.The animals in each treatment were allocated in 4 pens of 2 lambs each(8 lambs per treatment).The experiment lasted 17 d,with samples and measurements collected on d 0,7,12,and 17.The T2 lambs had greater average daily gain than T0 lambs.Regression analysis showed that the ideal dose of N-CU to enhance weight gain was 1.89 mg/kg concentrate.There were significant interactions(P<0.05)between treatments×time for hematological variables,particularly for increases in erythrocytes(T2)and re-ductions in counts of leukocytes,neutrophils,and lymphocytes in T1 and T2.There were significant interactions between treatment×time for total protein,globulin,urea,and triglyceride levels.Stimu-lation of the antioxidant system was also observed.There were increased levels of non-protein thiols(NPSH),as well as increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione S-transferase(GST)in the supplemented animals.Levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)were lower in the serum of sup-plemented lambs.In general,the 4 mg/kg dose had no positive effects on growth or health.This was an unexpected result,given the known properties of curcumin.Taken together,these findings suggest that addition of low concentrations of nanoencapsulated curcumin(T1 and T2)in lamb feed improves health,minimizing oxidative stress and generates anti-inflammatory effects that may have contributed indi-rectly to greater weight gain.Nanocapsules potentiate the effects of curcumin and may emerge as a new tool in animal nutrition.
