卫生系统中证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价（TheGrading of Recommendations Assessment，Development and Evaluation，GRADE）系统是循证医学的最新进展，是当前证据质量和推荐强度分级的国际标准之一，适用于临床实践指南、系统评...卫生系统中证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价（TheGrading of Recommendations Assessment，Development and Evaluation，GRADE）系统是循证医学的最新进展，是当前证据质量和推荐强度分级的国际标准之一，适用于临床实践指南、系统评价和卫生技术评估^[1]。GRADE系统被逐渐介绍和引入中国，已有中文的系统评价和临床实践指南采用了GRADE系统。展开更多
2004年,证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation,GRADE)工作组正式推出GRADE分级方法,随后被广泛地应用于系统评价、临床实践指南和卫生技术评估的制订。2016年,GRADE工作...2004年,证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation,GRADE)工作组正式推出GRADE分级方法,随后被广泛地应用于系统评价、临床实践指南和卫生技术评估的制订。2016年,GRADE工作组在旧版SoF表的基础上,通过合并、增加和删减条目研发出新版SoF表。为了验证新旧版So F表的信度和效度差异,GRADE工作组专门开展了一项随机对照试验,招募全球系统评价使用者并随机分组,通过网络问卷形式进行评估,结果:显示在可理解性、信息可及性、满意度和使用者偏好等方面,新版SoF表均优于旧版。本文主要结合这项随机对照试验的结果对新版SoF表进行介绍,同时结合实际案例对新版SoF表的使用进行实例解读,以期促进中国研究者对新版SoF表的了解和使用。展开更多
The relation between morphometric grades (M grading) of 84 cases of bladder tumor and prognoses was evaluated. The results shown that the higher the M grading, the lower the survival rate and the higher the recurrence...The relation between morphometric grades (M grading) of 84 cases of bladder tumor and prognoses was evaluated. The results shown that the higher the M grading, the lower the survival rate and the higher the recurrence rate. As the M grade increases, the tumor has partial of total absence of ABO(H) antigens of tumor cell surface and could be accompanied with muscular invasion. When recurring, the tumor has a poor prognosis if M grading increases from lower to higher grades. The morphometric grading system is able to make a quantitative pathologic diagnosis and can predict the biological behavior of bladder tumors.展开更多
原文出处SCHÜNEMANN H J,MUSTAFA R A,BROZEK J,et al.GRADE guidelines:22.The GRADE approach for tests and strategies-from test accuracy to patient-important outcomes and recommendations.J Clin Epidemiol,2019,111:69-...原文出处SCHÜNEMANN H J,MUSTAFA R A,BROZEK J,et al.GRADE guidelines:22.The GRADE approach for tests and strategies-from test accuracy to patient-important outcomes and recommendations.J Clin Epidemiol,2019,111:69-82.原文通讯作者SCHÜNEMANN H J,email:schuneh@mcmaster.ca说明本文解读者根据对原文理解做解读,可能不完全反映原文的思想。展开更多
With lots of indoor and outdoor experiments, several key technical issues in construc-tion of the Desert Highway have been solved satisfactorily, on the basis of great achievements ofthe studies in respects of dry com...With lots of indoor and outdoor experiments, several key technical issues in construc-tion of the Desert Highway have been solved satisfactorily, on the basis of great achievements ofthe studies in respects of dry compaction on sand base, design parameters, structure combinationof subgrade and pavement, stabilization analysis of sand base strengthened with geotextile and acomplete set of construction techniques. It is the first time the achievements of the study weresuccessfully applied in the Taklimakan Desert where the natural condition is extremely harsh. Ithas been proved that it is economic and reasonable with reliable techniques and simple construc-tion methods. The Desert Highway constructed with the achievements is the first-grade highwayrunning through huge migratory desert for long distance in the world.展开更多
文摘卫生系统中证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价（TheGrading of Recommendations Assessment，Development and Evaluation，GRADE）系统是循证医学的最新进展，是当前证据质量和推荐强度分级的国际标准之一，适用于临床实践指南、系统评价和卫生技术评估^[1]。GRADE系统被逐渐介绍和引入中国，已有中文的系统评价和临床实践指南采用了GRADE系统。
文摘The relation between morphometric grades (M grading) of 84 cases of bladder tumor and prognoses was evaluated. The results shown that the higher the M grading, the lower the survival rate and the higher the recurrence rate. As the M grade increases, the tumor has partial of total absence of ABO(H) antigens of tumor cell surface and could be accompanied with muscular invasion. When recurring, the tumor has a poor prognosis if M grading increases from lower to higher grades. The morphometric grading system is able to make a quantitative pathologic diagnosis and can predict the biological behavior of bladder tumors.
文摘原文出处SCHÜNEMANN H J,MUSTAFA R A,BROZEK J,et al.GRADE guidelines:22.The GRADE approach for tests and strategies-from test accuracy to patient-important outcomes and recommendations.J Clin Epidemiol,2019,111:69-82.原文通讯作者SCHÜNEMANN H J,email:schuneh@mcmaster.ca说明本文解读者根据对原文理解做解读,可能不完全反映原文的思想。
文摘With lots of indoor and outdoor experiments, several key technical issues in construc-tion of the Desert Highway have been solved satisfactorily, on the basis of great achievements ofthe studies in respects of dry compaction on sand base, design parameters, structure combinationof subgrade and pavement, stabilization analysis of sand base strengthened with geotextile and acomplete set of construction techniques. It is the first time the achievements of the study weresuccessfully applied in the Taklimakan Desert where the natural condition is extremely harsh. Ithas been proved that it is economic and reasonable with reliable techniques and simple construc-tion methods. The Desert Highway constructed with the achievements is the first-grade highwayrunning through huge migratory desert for long distance in the world.
