Biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone)(PCDO) random copolymers have been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone(CL) and p-dioxanone(PDO) under microwave irradiation.The eff...Biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone)(PCDO) random copolymers have been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone(CL) and p-dioxanone(PDO) under microwave irradiation.The effects of irradiation time and different CL/PDO molar feed ratios on the microwave-assisted ring-opening polymerization(MROP) of PCDO have been discussed.The resultant products were characterized by ~1H NMR,GPC and DSC.It was found that the polymerization was completed within 20 min at 140℃.In th...展开更多
适用于地幔岩石的矿物压力计有石榴石-斜方辉石压力计、石榴石-单斜辉石压力计、橄榄石-单斜辉石压力计、铬尖晶石压力计、二辉石压力计等有限几类。本文通过将这些压力计应用于岩石学相平衡实验数据,检验了其精确度。再将它们应用到天...适用于地幔岩石的矿物压力计有石榴石-斜方辉石压力计、石榴石-单斜辉石压力计、橄榄石-单斜辉石压力计、铬尖晶石压力计、二辉石压力计等有限几类。本文通过将这些压力计应用于岩石学相平衡实验数据,检验了其精确度。再将它们应用到天然地幔岩石样品,包括石榴石相二辉橄榄岩、尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩、石榴石-尖晶石过渡相二辉橄榄岩、含金刚石和石墨的地幔岩石,检验了其准确度。初步结论是,现有的石榴石-斜方辉石压力计(Nickel and Green,1985;Taylor,1998;Breyet al.,2008)质量相对最优,石榴石-单斜辉石压力计(Nimis and Taylor,2000;Simakov and Taylor,2000)次之。在应用这些压力计时,可配合二辉石温度计(Brey et al.,1990;Taylor,1998)或石榴石-橄榄石温度计(Wu and Zhao,2007),来同时估算平衡压力和温度。其余的压力计精确度和准确度都还很不够,需要更精确深入的实验研究来标定质量优良的压力计。展开更多
BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus(DM)is thought to be associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in some published studies.However,can we draw the conclusion that DM is a'true'independent ris...BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus(DM)is thought to be associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in some published studies.However,can we draw the conclusion that DM is a'true'independent risk factor for HCC based on these references? DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE and PubMed searches were conducted for published studies(between January 1966 and June 2009)to identify relevant articles using the keywords 'diabetes','insulin resistance'and'hepatocellular carcinoma',including'primary liver cancer'.Because of the very limited number of relevant articles most were reviewed. RESULTS:This systematic review was conducted from 4 aspects:(1)the significant synergy between DM,hepatitis virus infection,and heavy alcohol consumption in HCC; (2)the role of DM independently in HCC cases while other identified risk factors were controlled or excluded; (3)obesity,DM,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in HCC patients;and(4)the impact of DM for the prognosis or surgical treatment in HCC patients with DM.No consensus has been reached among these studies and it is too early to draw the conclusion that DM is a'true' independent risk factor for HCC. CONCLUSIONS:DM can be regarded as a risk factor for HCC.However,whether DM itself directly predisposes to HCC or whether it is a'true'independent risk factor remains unclear.Related issues should be clarified by more research.展开更多
A technology of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE)was used to profile the structure and dynamic changes of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfid...A technology of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE)was used to profile the structure and dynamic changes of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing(HSC)wastewater.The results showed that the heterotrophic genus of Acinetobacter and the autotrophic genera of Thiobacillus and Thiomonas could survive well in all of three operating conditions.Some special genera were also observed with changes of micro-ecoenvironment in the reacto...展开更多
AIM:To investigate the prevalence and time of Dickkopf(DKK) family methylation and its clinical significance in hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS:Methylation of DKK family genes was quantitatively analyzed in 115 liver ti...AIM:To investigate the prevalence and time of Dickkopf(DKK) family methylation and its clinical significance in hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS:Methylation of DKK family genes was quantitatively analyzed in 115 liver tissue samples,including 50 pairs of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and matched noncancerous cirrhotic tissue samples,as well as 15 liver cirrhosis biopsy samples. RESULTS:The methylation level of DKK3 was significantly higher in HCC tissue samples than in matched noncancerous cirrhotic tissue samples(P<0.0001) orin liver cirrhosis biopsy samples(P=0.0139) .Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis confirmed that the percent of methylated reference(PMR) values of DKK3 could effectively discriminate HCC tissue samples from noncancerous tissue samples(AUC=0.8146) or liver cirrhosis biopsy samples(AUC=0.7093) .Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that the progression-free survival time of patients with a higher DKK3 methylation level(PMR >1%) was significantly shorter than that of those with a lower DKK3 methylation level(PMR≤1%)(P=0.0255) . Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that methylated DKK3 was significantly and independently related with a shorter survival time(relative risk=2.527,95%CI:1.063-6.008,P=0.036) of HCC patients. CONCLUSION:Methylation of DKK3 is an important event in early malignant transformation and HCC progression,and therefore might be a prognostic indicator for risk assessment of HCC.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of progesterone(P4) on the production and survival of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult male mice.The administration of P4(4 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days beginning ...This study investigated the effects of progesterone(P4) on the production and survival of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult male mice.The administration of P4(4 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days beginning on the 0-2 nd day after the first BrdU-injection(BrdU-D0-2) produced an approximately twofold increase in the number of 28-and 56-day-old BrdU(+) cells in comparison to the controls,whereas it did not alter the number of 24 /48-h-old BrdU(+) cells.P4 preferentially promoted the survival of newborn neurons when administered at BrdU-D5-7,but not at BrdU-D10-12 and BrdU-D15-17.Androstenedione(Ad),testosterone(TE),or estradiol(E2) at the same-dose of P4,when administered at BrdU-D0-2,could not replicate the effect of P4,while the inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase by finasteride did not affect the P4-action,indicating that the P4-effect is exerted by P4 itself but not by its metabolites.On the other hand,the P4R antagonist RU486 partially suppressed the P4-effect,while inhibitors for Src,MEK,or PI3K totally suppressed the P4-effect.Finally,the P4-enhanced survival of newborn neurons was accompanied by a potentiation of spatial learning and memory,which was P4R-dependent.These findings suggest that P4 enhances the survival of newborn neurons through P4R and /or the Src-ERK and PI3K pathways independent of its influence on cell proliferation,which is well correlated with the potentiated spatial cognitive function of P4-treated animals.展开更多
The grain size composition, distribution characteristics and spatial variation of eolian sand soil on distinct positions across two longitudinal dunes and interdune areas were studied by means of conventional grain si...The grain size composition, distribution characteristics and spatial variation of eolian sand soil on distinct positions across two longitudinal dunes and interdune areas were studied by means of conventional grain size analysis and geostatistical methods. In the study, 184 samples of eolian sand soil from the 0-30cm layer were systemically collected and measured from two longitudinal dunes and interdunes in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert. The results show that the dominant grain sizes are fine and very fine sands, and the differences of grain size compositions between the distinct geomorphologic positions are significant. The contents of clay and silt are highest on the interdune areas and lowest on the crests, and higher on the leeward slopes than on the windward slopes. The contents of very fine and fine sands are highest on the windward slopes and lowest on the crests. The contents of medium, coarse and very coarse sands are lowest on the interdune lands, and highest on the crests, and are identical on the two slopes. The coarser sizes (phi(1)) and mean sizes (Mz) for eolian sand soil all have a varying tendency from fine to coarse sizes with interdune area -> leeward slope -> windward slope -> crest, and the sorting (sigma) are poorly to well sorted. The results of geostatistical analysis reveal that phi(1), Mz and a values are moderately to strongly spatially autocorrelated. The values of the spatially correlated ranges are phi(1) < sigma < Mz. The spatial variation for these grain size parameters is significant across the longitudinal dune landscape. From the crests towards the bottom of the slope, there is a varying gradient of zonal distribution, and the gradient values on the leeward slopes are larger than sites on the windward slopes.展开更多
This paper discusses oasis stability at regional scale with a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM). The results showed certain significant aspects. (1) As long as water resources in ...This paper discusses oasis stability at regional scale with a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM). The results showed certain significant aspects. (1) As long as water resources in the oasis keep stable and their utilization efficiency can be maintained or gradually increased, the primary productivity could be continuously increased and the natural primary productivity keeped relatively stable. In this case, it is considered that the oasis is stable and its sustainable development can be achieved at regional scale. (2) Considering the availability of water resources in the oases, the oases on the alluvial-diluvial fans are highly stable. In the alluvial plain downstream of the groundwater overflowing zones the oases are moderately stable and in the lacustrine deltas or dry lacustrine deltas the oases are lowly stable. (3) Enlargement of oases and the increase of water resources and vegetation coverage in the oasis will certainly enhance the 'cold-island effect' of the oasis and increase the stability of oases.展开更多
In order to recognize one＇s intention from the communication, both the meaning and the emotion are necessary to be interpreted correctly. But until now the study of fine-grained theory of emotion is still full of cha...In order to recognize one＇s intention from the communication, both the meaning and the emotion are necessary to be interpreted correctly. But until now the study of fine-grained theory of emotion is still full of challenges. This paper analy- zes emotion category according to the statistics of Affective Word （AW） hierarchy and descries an e- motion ontology from Chinese knowledge resource semi-automatically created for human machine in- teraction. The emotion hierarchy is called complex emotion. Firstly, over 7 000 AWs have been annota- ted and theft detailed explanations had been collected for an affective lexicon and then the consistent rela- tionships are automatically parsed and a serial of e- motion hierarchical structures are built up. More than 50 affective categories are extracted by a lexical clustering algorithm and about 5 000 nouns and ad- jectives and 2 000 verbs are categorized into the predicate hierarchy. The results have been evaluated to be valid by two metrics.展开更多
The dynamical processes of a typical linear dune including morphological features, dune ridge swing range and crest height were investigated at different monitoring periods in the hinterland of Tengger Desert. The res...The dynamical processes of a typical linear dune including morphological features, dune ridge swing range and crest height were investigated at different monitoring periods in the hinterland of Tengger Desert. The results indicated that the development of linear dune depends on not only the northwesterly prevailing wind, but also the winds from northeast and southwest. The dune ridge swayed along its fundamental strike and took on an eastward movement gradually. The original dune strike was NW70° on August 3, 1994, and then changed to NE15° on April 21, 2001. The dune crest increased by 1.8 m longitudinally, which manifested strong wind-blown sand activities in this region. Wind erosion frequently occured at the bottom of sand dune, while sand accumulation appeared on its mid-upper section. The mean wind erosion depth was 25 cm on the bottom of linear dune and the height difference of the control points on the dune’s ridge was 1.13 m. Although the linear dune swayed laterally, the horizontal displacement of its ridge moved eastward 5.8 m averagely. The swing range of the dune crest line is very distinct, with a maximum value of 13.2 m. The highest site on the K-profile swayed on both sides of the dune ridge and the heights were 19.88 m at the control point K5, 19.61 m at K6 and 19.05 m at K7, respectively. The results indicated that the lateral swing of the linear dune was distinct under the northwesterly wind and it moved toward east gradually.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Active hemorrhage arising from hepatic injury can be life-threatening and require immediate attention. At present, nonoperative management of abdominal solid organ injuries has become the usual method of c...BACKGROUND: Active hemorrhage arising from hepatic injury can be life-threatening and require immediate attention. At present, nonoperative management of abdominal solid organ injuries has become the usual method of care. The purpose of this study was to determine whether, hemocoagulase injection alone guided by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) could control active bleeding in rabbit liver. METHODS: The livers of 30 rabbits were punctured with an 18-gauge semiautomatic biopsy needle to create an active bleeding liver model, which was confirmed with CEUS. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: a treatment group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). In the treatment group, hemocoagulase was injected into the bleeding site under CEUS guidance. In the control group, the active bleeding site was treated with normal saline. When these treatment procedures had been performed, lactated Ringer's solution was given to both groups to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 70 mmHg for 1 hour. The intraperitoneal blood loss, hematocrit, mean heart rate, and macroscopic and microscopic examinations were analyzed at the end of the study. RESULTS: CEUS showed hypoechoic and anechoic perfusion defects in active bleeding liver models. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations also supported the results. After the hemocoagulase injection, the former bleeding site appeared on CEUS as an area devoid of contrast. The blood loss was lower in the treatment group than in the control group (38.0+/-16.6 ml versus 107.9+/-20.8 ml; t=10.172, P<0.05). The mean hematocrit value and the heart rate were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (hematocrit: 23.9+/-3.8% versus 18.8+/-4.1%; t=3.541, P<0.05; heart rate: 250+/-18 versus 223+/-15; t=4.551, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Hemocoagulase injection alone under the guidance of CEUS is a simple and quick method to control blood loss in active liver bleeding.展开更多
Small-bowel enteroscopy with the double-balloon method was developed to improve access to the small intestine. This study evaluated the usefulness of this method for the resection of small-intestinal Peutz-Jeghers pol...Small-bowel enteroscopy with the double-balloon method was developed to improve access to the small intestine. This study evaluated the usefulness of this method for the resection of small-intestinal Peutz-Jeghers polyps. Two patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome underwent nonsurgical doubleballoon enteroscopic resection of polyps throughout the small intestine. Multiple polyps in the jejunum were successfully resected via the oral route, as were the polyps in the ileum via the anal route. All 18 polyps (10-60 mm in size) were resected without subsequent bleeding or perforation. Histopathologically, 3 large polyps (>30 mm diameter) were hamartomas with adenomatous components. Double-balloon enteroscopy was safe and useful for the diagnosis and the treatment of Peutz-Jeghers polyps throughout the small intestine. Double-balloon enteroscopic polypectomy might preclude complications of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, including intussusception, bleeding, and tumorogenesis, thereby obviating the need for multiple laparotomies.展开更多
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an inherited adult onset motor ne uron disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the androgen receptor (AR), affecting only males. The charact...Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an inherited adult onset motor ne uron disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the androgen receptor (AR), affecting only males. The characteristic pathological f inding is nuclear inclusions (NIs) consisting of mutant AR with an expanded poly Q in residual motor neurons, and in certain visceral organs. We immunohistochemi cally examined 11 SBMA patients at autopsy with 1C2, an antibody that specifical ly recognizes expanded polyQ.Our study demonstrated that diffuse nuclear accumul ation of mutant AR was far more frequent and extensive than NIs being distribute d in a wide array of CNS nuclei, and in more visceral organs than thus far belie ved. Mutant AR accumulation was also present in the cytoplasm, particularly in t he Golgi apparatus; nuclear or cytoplasmic predominance of accumulation was tiss ue specific. Furthermore,the extent of diffuse nuclear accumulation of mutant AR in motor and sensory neurons of the spinal cord was closely related to CAG repe at length. Thus, diffuse nuclear accumulation of mutant AR apparently is a cardi nal pathogenetic process underlying neurological manifestations, as in SBMA tran sgenic mice, while cytoplasmic accumulation may also contribute to SBMA pathophy siology.展开更多
Background/Aims: The presence of antibodies to the 210- kDa glycoprotein of the nuclear pore complex (gp210) is highly indicative of primary biliary cirrhos is (PBC). However, the significance of anti- gp210 antibody ...Background/Aims: The presence of antibodies to the 210- kDa glycoprotein of the nuclear pore complex (gp210) is highly indicative of primary biliary cirrhos is (PBC). However, the significance of anti- gp210 antibody titers for monitori ng PBC remains unresolved. Methods: We used an ELISA with a gp210 C- terminal p eptide as an antigen to assess serum antibody titers in 71 patients with PBC. Re sults: Patients were classified into three groups: Group A in whom anti- gp210 titers were sustained at a high level, Group B in whom anti- gp210 status chang ed from positive to negative under ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy, Group C in whom anti- gp210 antibodies were negative at the time of diagnosis. The rate of progression to end- stage hepatic failure was significantly higher in group A (60% ) as compared to groups B (0% ) and C (4.2% ). The sustained antibody response to gp210 was closely associated with the severity of interface hepatit is. The significance of anti- gp210 antibody was confirmed by National Hospital Organization Study Group for Liver Disease in Japan. Conclusions: The serial qu antitation of serum anti- gp210- C- terminal peptide antibodies is useful for monitoring the effect of UDCA and for the early identification of patients at h igh risk for end- stage hepatic failure.展开更多
Objective. Syndecan- 1 binds to various extracellular matrix components via its heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS- GAG) and most of its biological functions are considered to be associated with this process. The ...Objective. Syndecan- 1 binds to various extracellular matrix components via its heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS- GAG) and most of its biological functions are considered to be associated with this process. The aims of this study are to investigate its expression in cervical neoplasms. Methods. We investigated the expression of both the syndecan- 1 core protein and cell- surface HS- GAG by immunohistochemistry in 53 cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN), 19 microinvasive, 143 invasive cervical cancers, and 29 metastatic lymph node samples, and analyzed correlations with various clinicopathological features. Results. The progression of CIN to early invasive cancer was found to associate with reduced levels of both syndecan- 1 and HS- GAG expression. In squamous cell carcinomas, HS- GAG expression was significantly lower in cases with lymph- vascular space invasion. Additionally, the overall survival rates for patients exhibiting low HS- GAG expression was significantly lower than patients exhibiting high HS- GAG expression (P = 0.019). Low HS- GAG expression in positive nodes was determined to be a disease- free and overall survival prognostic factor (P = 0.028 and P = 0.018, respectively). Conclusion. The loss of syndecan- 1 and HS- GAG expression is an early event in cervical carcinogenesis. The loss of HS- GAG expression particularly in positive nodes can serve as an indicator of aggressive disease potential and poor prognosis in patients with invasive cervical cancer.展开更多
Telomeres are highly organized DNA-protein struc- tures at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes [ 1 ]. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, each chro- mosome end has TG1-3/C1-3A double-stranded telomeric DN...Telomeres are highly organized DNA-protein struc- tures at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes [ 1 ]. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, each chro- mosome end has TG1-3/C1-3A double-stranded telomeric DNA and a G-rich single-stranded tail [2]. The replica- tion of telomere involves both telomerase and recombi- nation pathways [3, 4]. When telomerase is absent, te- lomeric DNA will progressively shorten, and the colony will eventually undergo senescence [4]. Some survivors will escape senescence by maintaining telomeres through a Rad52-dependent homologous recombination mecha- nism [3].展开更多
In this paper,we study the biological response induced by heavy ions irradiation of high dose,human peripheral blood lymphocytes are irradiated in vitro by the carbon ions of LET=35 keV/μm,and the chromosome aberrati...In this paper,we study the biological response induced by heavy ions irradiation of high dose,human peripheral blood lymphocytes are irradiated in vitro by the carbon ions of LET=35 keV/μm,and the chromosome aberrations at absorbed doses of 0-20 Gy are analyzed by the calyculin A-induced premature chromosome condensation(PCC).The frequencies of PCC-rings at the stage of G2/M-phase increase steeply with radiation doses up to 20 Gy at a rate of 0.017 Gy^(-1).The G2-PCC index remains more than 5%up to 15 Gy,and 3%after 20 Gy,this is high enough to score a substantial number of chromosome spreads without dose-rate effect.The results show that the calyculin A-induced PCC technique is suitable for analyzing the chromosome damage induced by carbon ions irradiation of high dose.展开更多
文摘Biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone)(PCDO) random copolymers have been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone(CL) and p-dioxanone(PDO) under microwave irradiation.The effects of irradiation time and different CL/PDO molar feed ratios on the microwave-assisted ring-opening polymerization(MROP) of PCDO have been discussed.The resultant products were characterized by ~1H NMR,GPC and DSC.It was found that the polymerization was completed within 20 min at 140℃.In th...
文摘适用于地幔岩石的矿物压力计有石榴石-斜方辉石压力计、石榴石-单斜辉石压力计、橄榄石-单斜辉石压力计、铬尖晶石压力计、二辉石压力计等有限几类。本文通过将这些压力计应用于岩石学相平衡实验数据,检验了其精确度。再将它们应用到天然地幔岩石样品,包括石榴石相二辉橄榄岩、尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩、石榴石-尖晶石过渡相二辉橄榄岩、含金刚石和石墨的地幔岩石,检验了其准确度。初步结论是,现有的石榴石-斜方辉石压力计(Nickel and Green,1985;Taylor,1998;Breyet al.,2008)质量相对最优,石榴石-单斜辉石压力计(Nimis and Taylor,2000;Simakov and Taylor,2000)次之。在应用这些压力计时,可配合二辉石温度计(Brey et al.,1990;Taylor,1998)或石榴石-橄榄石温度计(Wu and Zhao,2007),来同时估算平衡压力和温度。其余的压力计精确度和准确度都还很不够,需要更精确深入的实验研究来标定质量优良的压力计。
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30772859)
文摘BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus(DM)is thought to be associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in some published studies.However,can we draw the conclusion that DM is a'true'independent risk factor for HCC based on these references? DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE and PubMed searches were conducted for published studies(between January 1966 and June 2009)to identify relevant articles using the keywords 'diabetes','insulin resistance'and'hepatocellular carcinoma',including'primary liver cancer'.Because of the very limited number of relevant articles most were reviewed. RESULTS:This systematic review was conducted from 4 aspects:(1)the significant synergy between DM,hepatitis virus infection,and heavy alcohol consumption in HCC; (2)the role of DM independently in HCC cases while other identified risk factors were controlled or excluded; (3)obesity,DM,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in HCC patients;and(4)the impact of DM for the prognosis or surgical treatment in HCC patients with DM.No consensus has been reached among these studies and it is too early to draw the conclusion that DM is a'true' independent risk factor for HCC. CONCLUSIONS:DM can be regarded as a risk factor for HCC.However,whether DM itself directly predisposes to HCC or whether it is a'true'independent risk factor remains unclear.Related issues should be clarified by more research.
文摘A technology of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE)was used to profile the structure and dynamic changes of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing(HSC)wastewater.The results showed that the heterotrophic genus of Acinetobacter and the autotrophic genera of Thiobacillus and Thiomonas could survive well in all of three operating conditions.Some special genera were also observed with changes of micro-ecoenvironment in the reacto...
基金Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No. 20070410753Tianjin Science and Technology Commission, No.05YFSZSF02500Tianjin Health Bureau,No.07KZ10
文摘AIM:To investigate the prevalence and time of Dickkopf(DKK) family methylation and its clinical significance in hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS:Methylation of DKK family genes was quantitatively analyzed in 115 liver tissue samples,including 50 pairs of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and matched noncancerous cirrhotic tissue samples,as well as 15 liver cirrhosis biopsy samples. RESULTS:The methylation level of DKK3 was significantly higher in HCC tissue samples than in matched noncancerous cirrhotic tissue samples(P<0.0001) orin liver cirrhosis biopsy samples(P=0.0139) .Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis confirmed that the percent of methylated reference(PMR) values of DKK3 could effectively discriminate HCC tissue samples from noncancerous tissue samples(AUC=0.8146) or liver cirrhosis biopsy samples(AUC=0.7093) .Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that the progression-free survival time of patients with a higher DKK3 methylation level(PMR >1%) was significantly shorter than that of those with a lower DKK3 methylation level(PMR≤1%)(P=0.0255) . Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that methylated DKK3 was significantly and independently related with a shorter survival time(relative risk=2.527,95%CI:1.063-6.008,P=0.036) of HCC patients. CONCLUSION:Methylation of DKK3 is an important event in early malignant transformation and HCC progression,and therefore might be a prognostic indicator for risk assessment of HCC.
文摘This study investigated the effects of progesterone(P4) on the production and survival of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult male mice.The administration of P4(4 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days beginning on the 0-2 nd day after the first BrdU-injection(BrdU-D0-2) produced an approximately twofold increase in the number of 28-and 56-day-old BrdU(+) cells in comparison to the controls,whereas it did not alter the number of 24 /48-h-old BrdU(+) cells.P4 preferentially promoted the survival of newborn neurons when administered at BrdU-D5-7,but not at BrdU-D10-12 and BrdU-D15-17.Androstenedione(Ad),testosterone(TE),or estradiol(E2) at the same-dose of P4,when administered at BrdU-D0-2,could not replicate the effect of P4,while the inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase by finasteride did not affect the P4-action,indicating that the P4-effect is exerted by P4 itself but not by its metabolites.On the other hand,the P4R antagonist RU486 partially suppressed the P4-effect,while inhibitors for Src,MEK,or PI3K totally suppressed the P4-effect.Finally,the P4-enhanced survival of newborn neurons was accompanied by a potentiation of spatial learning and memory,which was P4R-dependent.These findings suggest that P4 enhances the survival of newborn neurons through P4R and /or the Src-ERK and PI3K pathways independent of its influence on cell proliferation,which is well correlated with the potentiated spatial cognitive function of P4-treated animals.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB825105)
文摘The grain size composition, distribution characteristics and spatial variation of eolian sand soil on distinct positions across two longitudinal dunes and interdune areas were studied by means of conventional grain size analysis and geostatistical methods. In the study, 184 samples of eolian sand soil from the 0-30cm layer were systemically collected and measured from two longitudinal dunes and interdunes in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert. The results show that the dominant grain sizes are fine and very fine sands, and the differences of grain size compositions between the distinct geomorphologic positions are significant. The contents of clay and silt are highest on the interdune areas and lowest on the crests, and higher on the leeward slopes than on the windward slopes. The contents of very fine and fine sands are highest on the windward slopes and lowest on the crests. The contents of medium, coarse and very coarse sands are lowest on the interdune lands, and highest on the crests, and are identical on the two slopes. The coarser sizes (phi(1)) and mean sizes (Mz) for eolian sand soil all have a varying tendency from fine to coarse sizes with interdune area -> leeward slope -> windward slope -> crest, and the sorting (sigma) are poorly to well sorted. The results of geostatistical analysis reveal that phi(1), Mz and a values are moderately to strongly spatially autocorrelated. The values of the spatially correlated ranges are phi(1) < sigma < Mz. The spatial variation for these grain size parameters is significant across the longitudinal dune landscape. From the crests towards the bottom of the slope, there is a varying gradient of zonal distribution, and the gradient values on the leeward slopes are larger than sites on the windward slopes.
基金funded by one of National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2009CB825105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40671015)
文摘This paper discusses oasis stability at regional scale with a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM). The results showed certain significant aspects. (1) As long as water resources in the oasis keep stable and their utilization efficiency can be maintained or gradually increased, the primary productivity could be continuously increased and the natural primary productivity keeped relatively stable. In this case, it is considered that the oasis is stable and its sustainable development can be achieved at regional scale. (2) Considering the availability of water resources in the oases, the oases on the alluvial-diluvial fans are highly stable. In the alluvial plain downstream of the groundwater overflowing zones the oases are moderately stable and in the lacustrine deltas or dry lacustrine deltas the oases are lowly stable. (3) Enlargement of oases and the increase of water resources and vegetation coverage in the oasis will certainly enhance the 'cold-island effect' of the oasis and increase the stability of oases.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Science,Sports and Culture,Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research under Grant No.22240021the Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research under Grant No.21650030
文摘In order to recognize one＇s intention from the communication, both the meaning and the emotion are necessary to be interpreted correctly. But until now the study of fine-grained theory of emotion is still full of challenges. This paper analy- zes emotion category according to the statistics of Affective Word （AW） hierarchy and descries an e- motion ontology from Chinese knowledge resource semi-automatically created for human machine in- teraction. The emotion hierarchy is called complex emotion. Firstly, over 7 000 AWs have been annota- ted and theft detailed explanations had been collected for an affective lexicon and then the consistent rela- tionships are automatically parsed and a serial of e- motion hierarchical structures are built up. More than 50 affective categories are extracted by a lexical clustering algorithm and about 5 000 nouns and ad- jectives and 2 000 verbs are categorized into the predicate hierarchy. The results have been evaluated to be valid by two metrics.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China (2009BAC54B01-1)National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071009 and 40701171)
文摘The dynamical processes of a typical linear dune including morphological features, dune ridge swing range and crest height were investigated at different monitoring periods in the hinterland of Tengger Desert. The results indicated that the development of linear dune depends on not only the northwesterly prevailing wind, but also the winds from northeast and southwest. The dune ridge swayed along its fundamental strike and took on an eastward movement gradually. The original dune strike was NW70° on August 3, 1994, and then changed to NE15° on April 21, 2001. The dune crest increased by 1.8 m longitudinally, which manifested strong wind-blown sand activities in this region. Wind erosion frequently occured at the bottom of sand dune, while sand accumulation appeared on its mid-upper section. The mean wind erosion depth was 25 cm on the bottom of linear dune and the height difference of the control points on the dune’s ridge was 1.13 m. Although the linear dune swayed laterally, the horizontal displacement of its ridge moved eastward 5.8 m averagely. The swing range of the dune crest line is very distinct, with a maximum value of 13.2 m. The highest site on the K-profile swayed on both sides of the dune ridge and the heights were 19.88 m at the control point K5, 19.61 m at K6 and 19.05 m at K7, respectively. The results indicated that the lateral swing of the linear dune was distinct under the northwesterly wind and it moved toward east gradually.
文摘BACKGROUND: Active hemorrhage arising from hepatic injury can be life-threatening and require immediate attention. At present, nonoperative management of abdominal solid organ injuries has become the usual method of care. The purpose of this study was to determine whether, hemocoagulase injection alone guided by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) could control active bleeding in rabbit liver. METHODS: The livers of 30 rabbits were punctured with an 18-gauge semiautomatic biopsy needle to create an active bleeding liver model, which was confirmed with CEUS. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: a treatment group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). In the treatment group, hemocoagulase was injected into the bleeding site under CEUS guidance. In the control group, the active bleeding site was treated with normal saline. When these treatment procedures had been performed, lactated Ringer's solution was given to both groups to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 70 mmHg for 1 hour. The intraperitoneal blood loss, hematocrit, mean heart rate, and macroscopic and microscopic examinations were analyzed at the end of the study. RESULTS: CEUS showed hypoechoic and anechoic perfusion defects in active bleeding liver models. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations also supported the results. After the hemocoagulase injection, the former bleeding site appeared on CEUS as an area devoid of contrast. The blood loss was lower in the treatment group than in the control group (38.0+/-16.6 ml versus 107.9+/-20.8 ml; t=10.172, P<0.05). The mean hematocrit value and the heart rate were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (hematocrit: 23.9+/-3.8% versus 18.8+/-4.1%; t=3.541, P<0.05; heart rate: 250+/-18 versus 223+/-15; t=4.551, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Hemocoagulase injection alone under the guidance of CEUS is a simple and quick method to control blood loss in active liver bleeding.
文摘Small-bowel enteroscopy with the double-balloon method was developed to improve access to the small intestine. This study evaluated the usefulness of this method for the resection of small-intestinal Peutz-Jeghers polyps. Two patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome underwent nonsurgical doubleballoon enteroscopic resection of polyps throughout the small intestine. Multiple polyps in the jejunum were successfully resected via the oral route, as were the polyps in the ileum via the anal route. All 18 polyps (10-60 mm in size) were resected without subsequent bleeding or perforation. Histopathologically, 3 large polyps (>30 mm diameter) were hamartomas with adenomatous components. Double-balloon enteroscopy was safe and useful for the diagnosis and the treatment of Peutz-Jeghers polyps throughout the small intestine. Double-balloon enteroscopic polypectomy might preclude complications of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, including intussusception, bleeding, and tumorogenesis, thereby obviating the need for multiple laparotomies.
文摘Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an inherited adult onset motor ne uron disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the androgen receptor (AR), affecting only males. The characteristic pathological f inding is nuclear inclusions (NIs) consisting of mutant AR with an expanded poly Q in residual motor neurons, and in certain visceral organs. We immunohistochemi cally examined 11 SBMA patients at autopsy with 1C2, an antibody that specifical ly recognizes expanded polyQ.Our study demonstrated that diffuse nuclear accumul ation of mutant AR was far more frequent and extensive than NIs being distribute d in a wide array of CNS nuclei, and in more visceral organs than thus far belie ved. Mutant AR accumulation was also present in the cytoplasm, particularly in t he Golgi apparatus; nuclear or cytoplasmic predominance of accumulation was tiss ue specific. Furthermore,the extent of diffuse nuclear accumulation of mutant AR in motor and sensory neurons of the spinal cord was closely related to CAG repe at length. Thus, diffuse nuclear accumulation of mutant AR apparently is a cardi nal pathogenetic process underlying neurological manifestations, as in SBMA tran sgenic mice, while cytoplasmic accumulation may also contribute to SBMA pathophy siology.
文摘Background/Aims: The presence of antibodies to the 210- kDa glycoprotein of the nuclear pore complex (gp210) is highly indicative of primary biliary cirrhos is (PBC). However, the significance of anti- gp210 antibody titers for monitori ng PBC remains unresolved. Methods: We used an ELISA with a gp210 C- terminal p eptide as an antigen to assess serum antibody titers in 71 patients with PBC. Re sults: Patients were classified into three groups: Group A in whom anti- gp210 titers were sustained at a high level, Group B in whom anti- gp210 status chang ed from positive to negative under ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy, Group C in whom anti- gp210 antibodies were negative at the time of diagnosis. The rate of progression to end- stage hepatic failure was significantly higher in group A (60% ) as compared to groups B (0% ) and C (4.2% ). The sustained antibody response to gp210 was closely associated with the severity of interface hepatit is. The significance of anti- gp210 antibody was confirmed by National Hospital Organization Study Group for Liver Disease in Japan. Conclusions: The serial qu antitation of serum anti- gp210- C- terminal peptide antibodies is useful for monitoring the effect of UDCA and for the early identification of patients at h igh risk for end- stage hepatic failure.
文摘Objective. Syndecan- 1 binds to various extracellular matrix components via its heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS- GAG) and most of its biological functions are considered to be associated with this process. The aims of this study are to investigate its expression in cervical neoplasms. Methods. We investigated the expression of both the syndecan- 1 core protein and cell- surface HS- GAG by immunohistochemistry in 53 cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN), 19 microinvasive, 143 invasive cervical cancers, and 29 metastatic lymph node samples, and analyzed correlations with various clinicopathological features. Results. The progression of CIN to early invasive cancer was found to associate with reduced levels of both syndecan- 1 and HS- GAG expression. In squamous cell carcinomas, HS- GAG expression was significantly lower in cases with lymph- vascular space invasion. Additionally, the overall survival rates for patients exhibiting low HS- GAG expression was significantly lower than patients exhibiting high HS- GAG expression (P = 0.019). Low HS- GAG expression in positive nodes was determined to be a disease- free and overall survival prognostic factor (P = 0.028 and P = 0.018, respectively). Conclusion. The loss of syndecan- 1 and HS- GAG expression is an early event in cervical carcinogenesis. The loss of HS- GAG expression particularly in positive nodes can serve as an indicator of aggressive disease potential and poor prognosis in patients with invasive cervical cancer.
文摘Telomeres are highly organized DNA-protein struc- tures at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes [ 1 ]. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, each chro- mosome end has TG1-3/C1-3A double-stranded telomeric DNA and a G-rich single-stranded tail [2]. The replica- tion of telomere involves both telomerase and recombi- nation pathways [3, 4]. When telomerase is absent, te- lomeric DNA will progressively shorten, and the colony will eventually undergo senescence [4]. Some survivors will escape senescence by maintaining telomeres through a Rad52-dependent homologous recombination mecha- nism [3].
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(10875153)The President Scholarship of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Postgraduate students (O906350YZ0)The Talent Training Program for PhD in West China of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(O806260XB0,and O806270XBB)
文摘In this paper,we study the biological response induced by heavy ions irradiation of high dose,human peripheral blood lymphocytes are irradiated in vitro by the carbon ions of LET=35 keV/μm,and the chromosome aberrations at absorbed doses of 0-20 Gy are analyzed by the calyculin A-induced premature chromosome condensation(PCC).The frequencies of PCC-rings at the stage of G2/M-phase increase steeply with radiation doses up to 20 Gy at a rate of 0.017 Gy^(-1).The G2-PCC index remains more than 5%up to 15 Gy,and 3%after 20 Gy,this is high enough to score a substantial number of chromosome spreads without dose-rate effect.The results show that the calyculin A-induced PCC technique is suitable for analyzing the chromosome damage induced by carbon ions irradiation of high dose.
