Interleukins(ILs),a subset of cytokines,play a critical role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease(CHD)by mediating inflammation.This review article summarizes the role of ILs such as IL-1,IL-2,IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,...Interleukins(ILs),a subset of cytokines,play a critical role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease(CHD)by mediating inflammation.This review article summarizes the role of ILs such as IL-1,IL-2,IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-7,IL-8,IL-9,and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of CHD.Individuals with mild coronary artery disease(CAD)and angina who have ischemic heart disease have higher serum concentrations of IL-1b.Larger studies are needed to verify the safety and assess the effectiveness of low-dose IL-2 as an anti-inflammatory treatment.IL-3 is found more often in patients receiving coronary angioplasty compared to patients with asymptomatic CAD or without CAD.Serum levels of IL-4 are reliable indicators of CAD.An independent correlation between IL-5 and the incidence of CAD was demonstrated.IL-6 helps serve as a reliable biomarker for the degree of CAD,as determined by the Gensini score,and is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis.Also,variants of IL-7/7R have been linked to the Han Chinese population's genetic susceptibility to CHD.IL-8 plays a role in the progression of CAD occurrences.By interacting with conventional risk factors for CAD,IL-9 may contribute to the development of CAD and offer an innovative approach to its prevention and management.There was a 34%increased risk of a CHD incident for every standard deviation rise in baseline IL-10 levels.展开更多
In this paper, we study edge detection or segmentation, which is recognized as a rudiment innovation as it can evaluate sharpness and analyze object boundaries. That’s the reason it has been an influential figure in ...In this paper, we study edge detection or segmentation, which is recognized as a rudiment innovation as it can evaluate sharpness and analyze object boundaries. That’s the reason it has been an influential figure in the image-processing era. Because of this, it has a significant influence in the age of image processing. On the other hand, edge detection is the process of dividing an image into discontinuous regions. It specifies the intensity shift connected to the image’s edge. There are several methods for detecting edges. Four edge identification methods on satellite images and satellite images affected by Gaussian noise were examined. Known edge detection technologies such as Canny, Prewitt, Scharr, and Robert operators are included in this study. Additionally, the key feature of an image for evaluating its quality is the Image Quality Assessment (IQA) measure. We primarily take into account SSIM, MSE, PSNR, and RMSE when assessing image quality. Experimental validation has been obtained for the application of the Canny and Prewitt algorithms to the satellite dataset. However, when the Gaussian Noise effect is added to the same dataset, clever edge detection performs better.展开更多
The caption of Figure 5 should be:Wind/WAVES type II burst starting around 14 MHz(∼12:05 UT,2017 September 6)and continuing down to∼100 kHz(09:00 UT,2017 September 7).The end time is marked by the short vertical lin...The caption of Figure 5 should be:Wind/WAVES type II burst starting around 14 MHz(∼12:05 UT,2017 September 6)and continuing down to∼100 kHz(09:00 UT,2017 September 7).The end time is marked by the short vertical line with its length indicating the bandwidth(70-130 kHz).The horizontal error bars signify the end time uncertainty.The vertical dashed line marks the SGRE end(06:28 UT,September 7);the horizontal dashed line represents the gamma-ray background.The shock arrival time at 1 au is labeled“SH”(Gopalswamy et al.2018).展开更多
Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer notorious for its resistance to chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy,which greatly impacts its lethality.The hedgehog(HH)signaling cascade,originally known for its ...Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer notorious for its resistance to chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy,which greatly impacts its lethality.The hedgehog(HH)signaling cascade,originally known for its roles in embryonic development,regulates growth,proliferation and cancer stem cell(CSC)self-renewal.The glioma-associated oncogene homolog(GLI)transcription factors play crucial roles in melanoma.However,oncogenic B-Raf proto-oncogene,serine/threonine kinase(BRAF)steals the spotlight by driving the aberrant activation of HH-GLI1/2 signaling.Oncogenic BRAF-driven HH-GLI1/2 signaling imparts invasive phenotype to melanoma cells and sustains CSC self-renewal.Interestingly,the transcriptional activities of GLI1 and GLI2 are suppressed by acetylation,a process that is counteracted by the deacetylating actions of histone deacetylase(HDAC)1/2.Therefore,inhibiting HDAC1/2 might keep GLI proteins in inactive acetylated form,thus representing an attractive druggable target.Notably,both HDAC1 and HDAC2 are induced by HH signaling,creating a positive feedback loop where HH signaling upregulates the expression of both HDAC1 and HDAC2.Selective inhibition of BRAF/HH/HDAC/GLI signaling axis is likely to unravel new therapeutic opportunities in melanoma.However,the precise contribution of oncogenic BRAF-driven HH signaling to therapy resistance and CSC renewal remains unclear and requires thorough investigation.In this article,we endeavored to explore the crosstalk between oncogenic BRAF and HH signaling,and the pivotal role this interaction plays in the self-renewal of melanoma stem cells.A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing these interactions is essential for improving melanoma treatment strategies and identifying new therapeutic targets.展开更多
Clinical inertia(CI)is common in clinical practice.Sexual health issues are common in society,and CI is ubiquitous in sexual medicine practice.CI influences all aspects of healthcare,including prevention,diagnosis,and...Clinical inertia(CI)is common in clinical practice.Sexual health issues are common in society,and CI is ubiquitous in sexual medicine practice.CI influences all aspects of healthcare,including prevention,diagnosis,and treatment.In this short review,we briefly describe the various aspects of CI in sexual medicine practice and ways to tackle them.展开更多
Di-calcium magnesium silicate(Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7))doped with various concentrations(1.0 mol%,2.0 mol%,2.5 mol%,and 3.0 mol%)of dysprosium(Ⅲ)was prepared using a high-temperature technique named as solid state reactio...Di-calcium magnesium silicate(Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7))doped with various concentrations(1.0 mol%,2.0 mol%,2.5 mol%,and 3.0 mol%)of dysprosium(Ⅲ)was prepared using a high-temperature technique named as solid state reaction method.The sample with 2.5 mol%of dysprosium(Ⅲ)underwent X-ray diffraction(XRD)characterization to confirm the proper phase formation in the sample.Observed XRD pattern matched significantly with crystallographic open database(Card No.96-210-6180)with a significantly high figure of merit(0.84).Photoluminescence(PL)excitation and emission spectra were also recorded.PL excitation spectrum of Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7)doped with 2.5 mol%of dysprosium(Ⅲ)exhibited a most prominent peak at 395 nm,therefore,the emission spectra of the samples were monitored at 395 nm excitation.The emission spectra exhibited prominent peaks centered at 483 nm(blue),577 nm(yellow),and 664 nm(orange red)due to the transitions ^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(15/2),^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2),and ^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(11/2),respectively.The Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage(CIE)of this emission spectra was found at(0.304,0.340)which lies in the white light region.Keeping the objective to evaluate the emitted white light for its suitability in light-emitting diode(LED)application,color rendering index(CRI)and color correlated temperature(CCT)were also calculated.Radiation life time was estimated using Judd-Ofelt analysis.展开更多
This paper reports the preparation of yttrium oxide(Y_(2)O_(3))doped with various concentrations of Er^(3+)using high temperature synthesis method.Photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra of the samples were recorded at ...This paper reports the preparation of yttrium oxide(Y_(2)O_(3))doped with various concentrations of Er^(3+)using high temperature synthesis method.Photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra of the samples were recorded at an excitation of 980 nm laser source.Two prominent peaks centered at 484 nm and 574 nm were found and attributed to the^(2)P3/2→^(4)I_(11/2)and^(4)S_(3/2)→^(4)I_(15/2),respectively.The sample with 2.5 mol%of Er^(3+)provided the optimum intensity in emission spectra.The sample with optimum PL emission was investigated for its thermoluminescence(TL)glow curve exhibited the second order kinetics.The peak TL intensity was found around 236°C,i.e.,towards high temperature which supports the fact of formation of deeper traps.Therefore,the material taken may be regarded as a good candidate for light emitting diode(LED)applications.展开更多
This reconnaissance study was carried out in urgency as residents complained of groundwater contamination in a tribal stretch infectedwith chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in central India where at least 100...This reconnaissance study was carried out in urgency as residents complained of groundwater contamination in a tribal stretch infectedwith chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in central India where at least 100 people have already died and more than 300 hospitalized.Multi-indexing techniques were used to evaluate groundwater quality for drinking,irrigation,and industrial purposes.The comprehensive water quality index(CWQI)classifies∼52%of the 27 collected samples suitable for drinking,and∼37%partially suitable pending certain treatment.While the relative abundance of chemical parameters stands at Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+)for cations and HCO_(3)^(−)>Cl^(−)>NO_(3)^(−)>SO_(4)^(2−)>F^(−)for anions,the groundwater in the area suffers from general hardness,nitrate,and fluoride contamination.It is hypothesized that fluoride ions possibly couplewith excess alkaline earth elements and anions to form metal-complexes inviting Hofmeister phenomena to act in the human kidneys through ingested groundwater.For agricultural water quality assessment,historically developed 10 irrigation indices have been used that classify most groundwater samples suitable for agriculture.Corrosivity indices reveal that the groundwater has moderate to high corrosive affinity.Although the results of the irrigation and corrosivity indices are coherent with CWQI water classes,the use of so many indices based on certain chemical parameters to evaluate water samples for agricultural purposes delivers mixed results and confuses workers about the actual water quality in the field.This calls for the development of a new,robust,and comprehensive standard for appraisal of irrigation water quality that could be used uniformly worldwide.展开更多
Offshore logistics operations must continuously balance safety,fuel efficiency,and emissions reduction while navigating under uncertain and highly variable sea states.To address this challenge,we present anα-cut inte...Offshore logistics operations must continuously balance safety,fuel efficiency,and emissions reduction while navigating under uncertain and highly variable sea states.To address this challenge,we present anα-cut interval framework in which environmental uncertainties,specifically wave height and wind speed,are modeled as fuzzy numbers.Their correspondingα-level intervals are systematically propagated through a discrete vessel dynamics model,focusing on surge and heave responses.This procedure generates families of nested motion envelopes that tighten monotonically with increasingα,thereby producing deterministic yet progressively refined safety bounds without relying on full probabilistic distributions.A case study off the Karnataka coast is used to demonstrate the approach for a 20 km offshore supply voyage.Route planning constrained byα-envelopes ensures adherence to vessel structural and stability limits while enabling optimized transit speed.Comparative evaluation indicates that,relative to standard interval analysis,α-cut propagation substantially reduces over-conservatism,while against Monte Carlo-based envelopes it achieves similar coverage with significantly lower computational effort.Sensitivity analyses further quantify the influence ofα-grid resolution,membership-function design,and hydrodynamic coupling coefficients on envelope width,fuel use,and emissions.In the tested scenario,higherαlevels allow up to~15%reduction in worst-case energy consumption and nearly 10%reduction in CO_(2)emissions,all while preserving safety margins.Overall,the proposed framework is transparent,computationally efficient,and easily integrable into digital-twin-enabled operational workflows,providing a practical and sustainable decision-support tool for adaptive offshore logistics planning.展开更多
The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and...The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and toxicity in plants.This study aimed to assess the impact of citric acid(CA)and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)on chelate-assisted phytoextraction of Pb and its effect on growth and physiology of two cultivars(07001;07002)of mung bean(Vigna radiata).The cultivars of mung bean were exposed to 60 lead chloride(PbCl_(2))solution,mg⋅L-1with or without the addition of 300 CA or 500 DTPA,until maturity.The exposure of plants to Pb mg⋅L^(-1) mg⋅L^(-1) stress increased the accumulation of Pb in roots(49%of control),stems(58%of control),leaves(67%of control),and seeds(61%of control).Maximum accumulation of Pb was observed in roots and the least accumulation was found in seeds of both mung bean cultivars.The extent of Pb accumulation in different plant parts correlated positively with Pb toxicity and reduced growth of both mung bean cultivars(33%to 40%).The cultivar cv 07001 was more susceptible to Pb stress.The addition of CA and DTPA increased the accumulation of Pb in plant parts of mung bean cultivars-phytoextraction(10.8%to 21.5%).However,the addition of CA partitioned Pb in vegetative parts,i.e.,root,stem thus mitigated the toxic effects of Pb on the growth of mung bean cultivars(6.25%–10.5%).In contrast,the addition of DTPA had adverse effects on the growth of mung bean cultivars.The addition of CA facilitated a greater uptake and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorous,and potassium in the roots and leaves of mung bean cultivars.In addition,CA also improved the photosynthetic pigments(11%–14%)and photosynthetic rate(5%–12%)under both control and Pb stress conditions.The ameliorative effect of CA on the photosynthetic capacity of mung bean cultivars was likely associated with photosynthetic metabolic factors rather than stomatal factors.Furthermore,cv 07002 was found to be more tolerant to Pb stress and showed better performance in CA application.Overall,the application of CA demonstrated significant potential as a chelating agent for remediating Pb-contaminated soil.展开更多
In this research work,sol-gel technique was employed to prepare the strontium based spinel ferrite nanoparticles(SrFe_(2)O_(4))with different ratios of terbium(Tb).Different characterization techniques were used to in...In this research work,sol-gel technique was employed to prepare the strontium based spinel ferrite nanoparticles(SrFe_(2)O_(4))with different ratios of terbium(Tb).Different characterization techniques were used to investigate the structural,morphological,dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared samples.X-ray diffraction(XRD)result suggests that face-centered cube spinel nanocrystalline structure is formed.Crystallite size of the SrFe_(2)O_(4)decreases with rising of Tb ratio.The morphology,shape and size of the SrFe_(2)O_(4)were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis and results reveal inhomogeneous distributions of the nanostructures with high agglomeration.The electrical resistivity of the SrFe_(2)O_(4)increases with rising of Tb ratio,which is confirmed from the cyclic voltammetry.It is observed that dielectric constant of all the samples decreases with the increasing frequency range.It is determined that the dielectric constants of the spinel ferrites are frequency dependent and decrease with increasing the frequency of applied electric field.The magnetic behavior of SrFe_(2)O_(4)with different ratios of Tb was studied and it is found that the saturation magnetization values of samples decrease with increase in the substitution of Tb^(3+)at octahedral sites for Fe^(3+).This decrease in the values of M_(s) is also attributed to spin at surface of nanoparticles.展开更多
Photo-assisted energy harvesting plays a crucial role in present research and future scenario in the field of technology advancements towards efficient energy utilization.Modern world sees an opportunity in developing...Photo-assisted energy harvesting plays a crucial role in present research and future scenario in the field of technology advancements towards efficient energy utilization.Modern world sees an opportunity in developing such technologies which are self-powered,self-driven and self-healing that can be utilized in the fields including portable,wearable electronics,internet of things(IOT)devices,electric vehicles,space applications,renewable energy systems,and smart grid applications.The present review gives an insight to the aspects in the present and future developmental goals in the field of light driven supercapacitors(LDS).Such systems comprise of active components viz.layer material selection in the solar cell and supercapacitors.A comprehensive study to achieve high absorption,power/energy density and efficient storage of absorbed energy has been discussed.The major factors for device design and mechanism adopted for efficient photo conversion and their subsequent storage as LDS depends on efficient light intensity source,surface area,optimization of the structure of electrodes,electrode selection,charge separation efficiency etc.A comprehensive analysis of the previously developed LDS with their optimized parameters has been presented.Various challenges viz.material selection,compatibility of layers,lower photovoltaic conversion and increased resistivity on integrating the energy conversion and storage module has also been discussed.In order to achieve high-performance LDS and to enhance their practicality various steps are suggested for the future development of LDS at industry and commercial scale.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of Rosa moschata(R.moschata)extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson’s disease(PD)in rats.Methods:Haloperidol(1 mg/kg)was given to rats intraperitoneally for 3 weeks for induction ...Objective:To investigate the effect of Rosa moschata(R.moschata)extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson’s disease(PD)in rats.Methods:Haloperidol(1 mg/kg)was given to rats intraperitoneally for 3 weeks for induction of PD.R.moschata extract(150,300 and 600 mg/kg)was administered orally for 21 days.The neuroprotective role of R.moschata leaf extract in PD was explored by performing neurobehavioral tests and RT-PCR analysis and measuring neurotransmitters and oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:An improvement in motor functions and muscle strength was observed in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.The levels of dopamine,serotonin,noradrenaline,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione,and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased(P<0.001),whereas acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde levels were markedly decreased by treatment with R.moschata extract(P<0.001).The extract also markedly downregulated the mRNA expressions of IL-1β,α-synuclein,IL-1α,and TNF-αin brain tissue.Moreover,histopathological analysis indicated that neurofibrillary tangles and plaques were noticeably decreased in a dose-dependent manner in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.Conclusions:R.moschata extract alleviates haloperidol-induced PD in rats by reducing oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.It may be used for management and treatment of PD.However additional studies are required to confirm its efficacy and molecular mechanisms.展开更多
Pinocembrin(PB)(5,7-dihydroxy flavanone)is a naturally occurring flavonoid sourced from propolis and Pinus spp.,with the formula C15H12O4 and moderate lipophilicity(log P approximately 2.1-2.5),which underlies both it...Pinocembrin(PB)(5,7-dihydroxy flavanone)is a naturally occurring flavonoid sourced from propolis and Pinus spp.,with the formula C15H12O4 and moderate lipophilicity(log P approximately 2.1-2.5),which underlies both its bioactivity and formulation challenges.In rodents,oral administration yields rapid absorption but extensive firstpass glucuronidation and sulfation,resulting in conjugates that dominate plasma,limit bioavailability(<10%)and confer a short half-life.In vitro,PB induces intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis,downregulating Bcl-2,upregulating Bax,promoting cytochrome C release,and activating caspases-9/caspases-3 while inhibiting phosphoinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B and STAT3 signaling,arresting cell-cycle progression,and suppressing metastatic markers(matrix metalloproteinase-9,vascular endothelial growth factor)across several cancer cell lines.Corresponding in vivo xenograft and orthotopic models demonstrate significant tumor growth inhibition,decreased Ki-67 indices,and increased cleaved caspase-3 without overt toxicity.To address solubility and clearance,MPEG-PDLLA micelles increased oral bioavailability by 5.3-fold and extended the half-life from 1.2 hours to 2.6 hours,while D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate liposomes achieved a 1.9-fold bioavailability increase and prolonged the half-life to 14.2 hours,indicating substantial pharmacokinetic(PK)enhancement and sustained systemic exposure in rodents.Toxicology studies report a no-observed-adverse-effect level≥500 mg/kg in rats with no mutagenicity,and phase I trials(0.5-10 mg/kg)confirm human tolerability.Key gaps remain in target validation,long-term toxicity,and prodrug development.This review is novel in its integration of pharmacology,formulation advances,safety assessments,and translational considerations for PB.To our knowledge,it is the first to systematically compare multiple nanocarrier systems in terms of their ability to improve oral bioavailability and PK parameters of PB.展开更多
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)is the name used to describe several potentially life-threatening infections and disorders that happen when HIV has severely compromised the immune system.The primary effect of...Acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)is the name used to describe several potentially life-threatening infections and disorders that happen when HIV has severely compromised the immune system.The primary effect of HIV is to decrease host immunity,exposing the host to external pathogens.The development of pharmaceutical drugs that directly cure the infection is crucial because of the current wide-ranging epidemic of HIV.Most therapeutic anti-HIV drugs are nucleosides.However,their high toxicity and potential for drug resistance restrict their use.Many of the most effective clinical drugs used to inhibit HIV,the activation of latent HIV,and AIDS have been obtained from natural sources.This review focuses on potential natural medicinal products for treating and managing HIV and AIDS.Notwithstanding,further clinical research studies are needed to understand the subject and its dynamics.展开更多
To assess the genetic diversity between randomly and selectively bred populations,we sequenced 438 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region from 102 pigs.These samples represented four native pig breeds,one nucleus ...To assess the genetic diversity between randomly and selectively bred populations,we sequenced 438 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region from 102 pigs.These samples represented four native pig breeds,one nucleus and one conservation herd from Yunnan,China.Twenty haplotypes with sixteen polymorphic sites were identified.The number of haplotypes in the nucleus herd of Saba pig and the conservation herd of Banna miniature pig were restricted to three and one,respectively,while the randomly bred pig populations exhibited over six haplotypes.Notably,haplotype diversity in randomly bred populations was significantly greater than the selectively bred populations（h=0.732 vs.0.425 and 0,exact test,P≤0.0036）.These findings demonstrate that selective breeding generated low genetic diversity compared to randomly bred pig breeds.A timely intervention and well programmed breeding approach would stop further genetic diversity reduction in the nucleus and conservation herds of native pig breeds.Otherwise,selective breeding would dramatically reduce genetic diversity in only several years,indicating that sharp contradictions exist between breeding,conservation and genetic diversity.Genetic relationships are discussed based on net genetic distances among pig populations.展开更多
The molecular level mixing method was extended to fabricate carbon nanotube reinforced silver composite. The influence of type of carbon nanotubes（single/multiwall） reinforcement and their mode of functionalization...The molecular level mixing method was extended to fabricate carbon nanotube reinforced silver composite. The influence of type of carbon nanotubes（single/multiwall） reinforcement and their mode of functionalization（covalent/non-covalent） on thermal conductivity of silver composite was investigated. X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction spectroscopy（EDS） confirm the presence of silver and carbon in the composite powder. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy ascertain embedded, anchored and homogeneously implanted carbon nanotubes in silver matrix. Effect of covalent functionalization on multiwall carbon nanotubes was monitored by Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These investigations confirm the addition of functional groups and structural integrity of carbon nanotubes even after covalent functionalization. Thermal conductivity of composites was measured by a laser flash technique and theoretically analyzed using an effective medium approach. The experimental results reveal that thermal conductivity decreases after incorporation of covalently functionalized multiwall nanotubes and single wall carbon nanotubes. However, non-covalently functionalized multiwall nanotube reinforcement leads to the increase in effective thermal conductivity of the composite and is in agreement with theoretical predictions derived from effective medium theory, in absence of interfacial thermal resistance.展开更多
文摘Interleukins(ILs),a subset of cytokines,play a critical role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease(CHD)by mediating inflammation.This review article summarizes the role of ILs such as IL-1,IL-2,IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-7,IL-8,IL-9,and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of CHD.Individuals with mild coronary artery disease(CAD)and angina who have ischemic heart disease have higher serum concentrations of IL-1b.Larger studies are needed to verify the safety and assess the effectiveness of low-dose IL-2 as an anti-inflammatory treatment.IL-3 is found more often in patients receiving coronary angioplasty compared to patients with asymptomatic CAD or without CAD.Serum levels of IL-4 are reliable indicators of CAD.An independent correlation between IL-5 and the incidence of CAD was demonstrated.IL-6 helps serve as a reliable biomarker for the degree of CAD,as determined by the Gensini score,and is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis.Also,variants of IL-7/7R have been linked to the Han Chinese population's genetic susceptibility to CHD.IL-8 plays a role in the progression of CAD occurrences.By interacting with conventional risk factors for CAD,IL-9 may contribute to the development of CAD and offer an innovative approach to its prevention and management.There was a 34%increased risk of a CHD incident for every standard deviation rise in baseline IL-10 levels.
文摘In this paper, we study edge detection or segmentation, which is recognized as a rudiment innovation as it can evaluate sharpness and analyze object boundaries. That’s the reason it has been an influential figure in the image-processing era. Because of this, it has a significant influence in the age of image processing. On the other hand, edge detection is the process of dividing an image into discontinuous regions. It specifies the intensity shift connected to the image’s edge. There are several methods for detecting edges. Four edge identification methods on satellite images and satellite images affected by Gaussian noise were examined. Known edge detection technologies such as Canny, Prewitt, Scharr, and Robert operators are included in this study. Additionally, the key feature of an image for evaluating its quality is the Image Quality Assessment (IQA) measure. We primarily take into account SSIM, MSE, PSNR, and RMSE when assessing image quality. Experimental validation has been obtained for the application of the Canny and Prewitt algorithms to the satellite dataset. However, when the Gaussian Noise effect is added to the same dataset, clever edge detection performs better.
文摘The caption of Figure 5 should be:Wind/WAVES type II burst starting around 14 MHz(∼12:05 UT,2017 September 6)and continuing down to∼100 kHz(09:00 UT,2017 September 7).The end time is marked by the short vertical line with its length indicating the bandwidth(70-130 kHz).The horizontal error bars signify the end time uncertainty.The vertical dashed line marks the SGRE end(06:28 UT,September 7);the horizontal dashed line represents the gamma-ray background.The shock arrival time at 1 au is labeled“SH”(Gopalswamy et al.2018).
基金Supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board,No.PDF/2016/002730.
文摘Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer notorious for its resistance to chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy,which greatly impacts its lethality.The hedgehog(HH)signaling cascade,originally known for its roles in embryonic development,regulates growth,proliferation and cancer stem cell(CSC)self-renewal.The glioma-associated oncogene homolog(GLI)transcription factors play crucial roles in melanoma.However,oncogenic B-Raf proto-oncogene,serine/threonine kinase(BRAF)steals the spotlight by driving the aberrant activation of HH-GLI1/2 signaling.Oncogenic BRAF-driven HH-GLI1/2 signaling imparts invasive phenotype to melanoma cells and sustains CSC self-renewal.Interestingly,the transcriptional activities of GLI1 and GLI2 are suppressed by acetylation,a process that is counteracted by the deacetylating actions of histone deacetylase(HDAC)1/2.Therefore,inhibiting HDAC1/2 might keep GLI proteins in inactive acetylated form,thus representing an attractive druggable target.Notably,both HDAC1 and HDAC2 are induced by HH signaling,creating a positive feedback loop where HH signaling upregulates the expression of both HDAC1 and HDAC2.Selective inhibition of BRAF/HH/HDAC/GLI signaling axis is likely to unravel new therapeutic opportunities in melanoma.However,the precise contribution of oncogenic BRAF-driven HH signaling to therapy resistance and CSC renewal remains unclear and requires thorough investigation.In this article,we endeavored to explore the crosstalk between oncogenic BRAF and HH signaling,and the pivotal role this interaction plays in the self-renewal of melanoma stem cells.A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing these interactions is essential for improving melanoma treatment strategies and identifying new therapeutic targets.
文摘Clinical inertia(CI)is common in clinical practice.Sexual health issues are common in society,and CI is ubiquitous in sexual medicine practice.CI influences all aspects of healthcare,including prevention,diagnosis,and treatment.In this short review,we briefly describe the various aspects of CI in sexual medicine practice and ways to tackle them.
文摘Di-calcium magnesium silicate(Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7))doped with various concentrations(1.0 mol%,2.0 mol%,2.5 mol%,and 3.0 mol%)of dysprosium(Ⅲ)was prepared using a high-temperature technique named as solid state reaction method.The sample with 2.5 mol%of dysprosium(Ⅲ)underwent X-ray diffraction(XRD)characterization to confirm the proper phase formation in the sample.Observed XRD pattern matched significantly with crystallographic open database(Card No.96-210-6180)with a significantly high figure of merit(0.84).Photoluminescence(PL)excitation and emission spectra were also recorded.PL excitation spectrum of Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7)doped with 2.5 mol%of dysprosium(Ⅲ)exhibited a most prominent peak at 395 nm,therefore,the emission spectra of the samples were monitored at 395 nm excitation.The emission spectra exhibited prominent peaks centered at 483 nm(blue),577 nm(yellow),and 664 nm(orange red)due to the transitions ^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(15/2),^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2),and ^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(11/2),respectively.The Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage(CIE)of this emission spectra was found at(0.304,0.340)which lies in the white light region.Keeping the objective to evaluate the emitted white light for its suitability in light-emitting diode(LED)application,color rendering index(CRI)and color correlated temperature(CCT)were also calculated.Radiation life time was estimated using Judd-Ofelt analysis.
文摘This paper reports the preparation of yttrium oxide(Y_(2)O_(3))doped with various concentrations of Er^(3+)using high temperature synthesis method.Photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra of the samples were recorded at an excitation of 980 nm laser source.Two prominent peaks centered at 484 nm and 574 nm were found and attributed to the^(2)P3/2→^(4)I_(11/2)and^(4)S_(3/2)→^(4)I_(15/2),respectively.The sample with 2.5 mol%of Er^(3+)provided the optimum intensity in emission spectra.The sample with optimum PL emission was investigated for its thermoluminescence(TL)glow curve exhibited the second order kinetics.The peak TL intensity was found around 236°C,i.e.,towards high temperature which supports the fact of formation of deeper traps.Therefore,the material taken may be regarded as a good candidate for light emitting diode(LED)applications.
文摘This reconnaissance study was carried out in urgency as residents complained of groundwater contamination in a tribal stretch infectedwith chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in central India where at least 100 people have already died and more than 300 hospitalized.Multi-indexing techniques were used to evaluate groundwater quality for drinking,irrigation,and industrial purposes.The comprehensive water quality index(CWQI)classifies∼52%of the 27 collected samples suitable for drinking,and∼37%partially suitable pending certain treatment.While the relative abundance of chemical parameters stands at Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+)for cations and HCO_(3)^(−)>Cl^(−)>NO_(3)^(−)>SO_(4)^(2−)>F^(−)for anions,the groundwater in the area suffers from general hardness,nitrate,and fluoride contamination.It is hypothesized that fluoride ions possibly couplewith excess alkaline earth elements and anions to form metal-complexes inviting Hofmeister phenomena to act in the human kidneys through ingested groundwater.For agricultural water quality assessment,historically developed 10 irrigation indices have been used that classify most groundwater samples suitable for agriculture.Corrosivity indices reveal that the groundwater has moderate to high corrosive affinity.Although the results of the irrigation and corrosivity indices are coherent with CWQI water classes,the use of so many indices based on certain chemical parameters to evaluate water samples for agricultural purposes delivers mixed results and confuses workers about the actual water quality in the field.This calls for the development of a new,robust,and comprehensive standard for appraisal of irrigation water quality that could be used uniformly worldwide.
文摘Offshore logistics operations must continuously balance safety,fuel efficiency,and emissions reduction while navigating under uncertain and highly variable sea states.To address this challenge,we present anα-cut interval framework in which environmental uncertainties,specifically wave height and wind speed,are modeled as fuzzy numbers.Their correspondingα-level intervals are systematically propagated through a discrete vessel dynamics model,focusing on surge and heave responses.This procedure generates families of nested motion envelopes that tighten monotonically with increasingα,thereby producing deterministic yet progressively refined safety bounds without relying on full probabilistic distributions.A case study off the Karnataka coast is used to demonstrate the approach for a 20 km offshore supply voyage.Route planning constrained byα-envelopes ensures adherence to vessel structural and stability limits while enabling optimized transit speed.Comparative evaluation indicates that,relative to standard interval analysis,α-cut propagation substantially reduces over-conservatism,while against Monte Carlo-based envelopes it achieves similar coverage with significantly lower computational effort.Sensitivity analyses further quantify the influence ofα-grid resolution,membership-function design,and hydrodynamic coupling coefficients on envelope width,fuel use,and emissions.In the tested scenario,higherαlevels allow up to~15%reduction in worst-case energy consumption and nearly 10%reduction in CO_(2)emissions,all while preserving safety margins.Overall,the proposed framework is transparent,computationally efficient,and easily integrable into digital-twin-enabled operational workflows,providing a practical and sustainable decision-support tool for adaptive offshore logistics planning.
基金funding from the Ongoing Research Funding program,ORF-2025-298,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and toxicity in plants.This study aimed to assess the impact of citric acid(CA)and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)on chelate-assisted phytoextraction of Pb and its effect on growth and physiology of two cultivars(07001;07002)of mung bean(Vigna radiata).The cultivars of mung bean were exposed to 60 lead chloride(PbCl_(2))solution,mg⋅L-1with or without the addition of 300 CA or 500 DTPA,until maturity.The exposure of plants to Pb mg⋅L^(-1) mg⋅L^(-1) stress increased the accumulation of Pb in roots(49%of control),stems(58%of control),leaves(67%of control),and seeds(61%of control).Maximum accumulation of Pb was observed in roots and the least accumulation was found in seeds of both mung bean cultivars.The extent of Pb accumulation in different plant parts correlated positively with Pb toxicity and reduced growth of both mung bean cultivars(33%to 40%).The cultivar cv 07001 was more susceptible to Pb stress.The addition of CA and DTPA increased the accumulation of Pb in plant parts of mung bean cultivars-phytoextraction(10.8%to 21.5%).However,the addition of CA partitioned Pb in vegetative parts,i.e.,root,stem thus mitigated the toxic effects of Pb on the growth of mung bean cultivars(6.25%–10.5%).In contrast,the addition of DTPA had adverse effects on the growth of mung bean cultivars.The addition of CA facilitated a greater uptake and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorous,and potassium in the roots and leaves of mung bean cultivars.In addition,CA also improved the photosynthetic pigments(11%–14%)and photosynthetic rate(5%–12%)under both control and Pb stress conditions.The ameliorative effect of CA on the photosynthetic capacity of mung bean cultivars was likely associated with photosynthetic metabolic factors rather than stomatal factors.Furthermore,cv 07002 was found to be more tolerant to Pb stress and showed better performance in CA application.Overall,the application of CA demonstrated significant potential as a chelating agent for remediating Pb-contaminated soil.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Groups Project under(RGP.2/111/44)。
文摘In this research work,sol-gel technique was employed to prepare the strontium based spinel ferrite nanoparticles(SrFe_(2)O_(4))with different ratios of terbium(Tb).Different characterization techniques were used to investigate the structural,morphological,dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared samples.X-ray diffraction(XRD)result suggests that face-centered cube spinel nanocrystalline structure is formed.Crystallite size of the SrFe_(2)O_(4)decreases with rising of Tb ratio.The morphology,shape and size of the SrFe_(2)O_(4)were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis and results reveal inhomogeneous distributions of the nanostructures with high agglomeration.The electrical resistivity of the SrFe_(2)O_(4)increases with rising of Tb ratio,which is confirmed from the cyclic voltammetry.It is observed that dielectric constant of all the samples decreases with the increasing frequency range.It is determined that the dielectric constants of the spinel ferrites are frequency dependent and decrease with increasing the frequency of applied electric field.The magnetic behavior of SrFe_(2)O_(4)with different ratios of Tb was studied and it is found that the saturation magnetization values of samples decrease with increase in the substitution of Tb^(3+)at octahedral sites for Fe^(3+).This decrease in the values of M_(s) is also attributed to spin at surface of nanoparticles.
基金supported by Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),India for the support(File no.EEQ/2021/000172)。
文摘Photo-assisted energy harvesting plays a crucial role in present research and future scenario in the field of technology advancements towards efficient energy utilization.Modern world sees an opportunity in developing such technologies which are self-powered,self-driven and self-healing that can be utilized in the fields including portable,wearable electronics,internet of things(IOT)devices,electric vehicles,space applications,renewable energy systems,and smart grid applications.The present review gives an insight to the aspects in the present and future developmental goals in the field of light driven supercapacitors(LDS).Such systems comprise of active components viz.layer material selection in the solar cell and supercapacitors.A comprehensive study to achieve high absorption,power/energy density and efficient storage of absorbed energy has been discussed.The major factors for device design and mechanism adopted for efficient photo conversion and their subsequent storage as LDS depends on efficient light intensity source,surface area,optimization of the structure of electrodes,electrode selection,charge separation efficiency etc.A comprehensive analysis of the previously developed LDS with their optimized parameters has been presented.Various challenges viz.material selection,compatibility of layers,lower photovoltaic conversion and increased resistivity on integrating the energy conversion and storage module has also been discussed.In order to achieve high-performance LDS and to enhance their practicality various steps are suggested for the future development of LDS at industry and commercial scale.
基金This work was supported by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R73)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,and researchers supporting project number(RSPD2025R885)at King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of Rosa moschata(R.moschata)extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson’s disease(PD)in rats.Methods:Haloperidol(1 mg/kg)was given to rats intraperitoneally for 3 weeks for induction of PD.R.moschata extract(150,300 and 600 mg/kg)was administered orally for 21 days.The neuroprotective role of R.moschata leaf extract in PD was explored by performing neurobehavioral tests and RT-PCR analysis and measuring neurotransmitters and oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:An improvement in motor functions and muscle strength was observed in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.The levels of dopamine,serotonin,noradrenaline,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione,and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased(P<0.001),whereas acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde levels were markedly decreased by treatment with R.moschata extract(P<0.001).The extract also markedly downregulated the mRNA expressions of IL-1β,α-synuclein,IL-1α,and TNF-αin brain tissue.Moreover,histopathological analysis indicated that neurofibrillary tangles and plaques were noticeably decreased in a dose-dependent manner in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.Conclusions:R.moschata extract alleviates haloperidol-induced PD in rats by reducing oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.It may be used for management and treatment of PD.However additional studies are required to confirm its efficacy and molecular mechanisms.
文摘Pinocembrin(PB)(5,7-dihydroxy flavanone)is a naturally occurring flavonoid sourced from propolis and Pinus spp.,with the formula C15H12O4 and moderate lipophilicity(log P approximately 2.1-2.5),which underlies both its bioactivity and formulation challenges.In rodents,oral administration yields rapid absorption but extensive firstpass glucuronidation and sulfation,resulting in conjugates that dominate plasma,limit bioavailability(<10%)and confer a short half-life.In vitro,PB induces intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis,downregulating Bcl-2,upregulating Bax,promoting cytochrome C release,and activating caspases-9/caspases-3 while inhibiting phosphoinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B and STAT3 signaling,arresting cell-cycle progression,and suppressing metastatic markers(matrix metalloproteinase-9,vascular endothelial growth factor)across several cancer cell lines.Corresponding in vivo xenograft and orthotopic models demonstrate significant tumor growth inhibition,decreased Ki-67 indices,and increased cleaved caspase-3 without overt toxicity.To address solubility and clearance,MPEG-PDLLA micelles increased oral bioavailability by 5.3-fold and extended the half-life from 1.2 hours to 2.6 hours,while D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate liposomes achieved a 1.9-fold bioavailability increase and prolonged the half-life to 14.2 hours,indicating substantial pharmacokinetic(PK)enhancement and sustained systemic exposure in rodents.Toxicology studies report a no-observed-adverse-effect level≥500 mg/kg in rats with no mutagenicity,and phase I trials(0.5-10 mg/kg)confirm human tolerability.Key gaps remain in target validation,long-term toxicity,and prodrug development.This review is novel in its integration of pharmacology,formulation advances,safety assessments,and translational considerations for PB.To our knowledge,it is the first to systematically compare multiple nanocarrier systems in terms of their ability to improve oral bioavailability and PK parameters of PB.
基金funding this work through the Large Research Group Project under grant number RGP.02/513/45.
文摘Acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)is the name used to describe several potentially life-threatening infections and disorders that happen when HIV has severely compromised the immune system.The primary effect of HIV is to decrease host immunity,exposing the host to external pathogens.The development of pharmaceutical drugs that directly cure the infection is crucial because of the current wide-ranging epidemic of HIV.Most therapeutic anti-HIV drugs are nucleosides.However,their high toxicity and potential for drug resistance restrict their use.Many of the most effective clinical drugs used to inhibit HIV,the activation of latent HIV,and AIDS have been obtained from natural sources.This review focuses on potential natural medicinal products for treating and managing HIV and AIDS.Notwithstanding,further clinical research studies are needed to understand the subject and its dynamics.
基金supported by research grants of the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB815700 2006CB102100)Bureau of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province, and Natural Science Foundation of China (30621092)
文摘To assess the genetic diversity between randomly and selectively bred populations,we sequenced 438 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region from 102 pigs.These samples represented four native pig breeds,one nucleus and one conservation herd from Yunnan,China.Twenty haplotypes with sixteen polymorphic sites were identified.The number of haplotypes in the nucleus herd of Saba pig and the conservation herd of Banna miniature pig were restricted to three and one,respectively,while the randomly bred pig populations exhibited over six haplotypes.Notably,haplotype diversity in randomly bred populations was significantly greater than the selectively bred populations（h=0.732 vs.0.425 and 0,exact test,P≤0.0036）.These findings demonstrate that selective breeding generated low genetic diversity compared to randomly bred pig breeds.A timely intervention and well programmed breeding approach would stop further genetic diversity reduction in the nucleus and conservation herds of native pig breeds.Otherwise,selective breeding would dramatically reduce genetic diversity in only several years,indicating that sharp contradictions exist between breeding,conservation and genetic diversity.Genetic relationships are discussed based on net genetic distances among pig populations.
基金support from Department of Science and Technology [Project-SR/FTP/PS-054/2011(G)]
文摘The molecular level mixing method was extended to fabricate carbon nanotube reinforced silver composite. The influence of type of carbon nanotubes（single/multiwall） reinforcement and their mode of functionalization（covalent/non-covalent） on thermal conductivity of silver composite was investigated. X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction spectroscopy（EDS） confirm the presence of silver and carbon in the composite powder. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy ascertain embedded, anchored and homogeneously implanted carbon nanotubes in silver matrix. Effect of covalent functionalization on multiwall carbon nanotubes was monitored by Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These investigations confirm the addition of functional groups and structural integrity of carbon nanotubes even after covalent functionalization. Thermal conductivity of composites was measured by a laser flash technique and theoretically analyzed using an effective medium approach. The experimental results reveal that thermal conductivity decreases after incorporation of covalently functionalized multiwall nanotubes and single wall carbon nanotubes. However, non-covalently functionalized multiwall nanotube reinforcement leads to the increase in effective thermal conductivity of the composite and is in agreement with theoretical predictions derived from effective medium theory, in absence of interfacial thermal resistance.
