Inflammatory skin disorders can cause chronic scarring and functional impairments,posing a significant burden on patients and the healthcare system.Conventional therapies,such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-...Inflammatory skin disorders can cause chronic scarring and functional impairments,posing a significant burden on patients and the healthcare system.Conventional therapies,such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,are limited in efficacy and associated with adverse effects.Recently,nanozyme(NZ)-based hydrogels have shown great promise in addressing these challenges.NZ-based hydrogels possess unique therapeutic abilities by combining the therapeutic benefits of redox nanomaterials with enzymatic activity and the water-retaining capacity of hydrogels.The multifaceted therapeutic effects of these hydrogels include scavenging reactive oxygen species and other inflammatory mediators modulating immune responses toward a pro-regenerative environment and enhancing regenerative potential by triggering cell migration and differentiation.This review highlights the current state of the art in NZ-engineered hydrogels(NZ@hydrogels)for anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration applications.It also discusses the underlying chemo-mechano-biological mechanisms behind their effectiveness.Additionally,the challenges and future directions in this ground,particularly their clinical translation,are addressed.The insights provided in this review can aid in the design and engineering of novel NZ-based hydrogels,offering new possibilities for targeted and personalized skin-care therapies.展开更多
Canine parvovirus 2(CPV-2)is a highly contagious virus in dogs that typically causes hemorrhagic enteritis and a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies.The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of CPV-2 hin...Canine parvovirus 2(CPV-2)is a highly contagious virus in dogs that typically causes hemorrhagic enteritis and a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies.The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of CPV-2 hinder its efective prevention of infection by vaccination.To investigate the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of CPV-2 in China,rectal swabs from afected dogs were collected from diferent animal clinics in Kunshan from 2022 to 2023.Preliminary detection and capsid gene sequencing of CPV-2 were performed using previously described primers and protocols.The overall detection rate for CPV-2 was 16.5%(33/200).A signifcant association was found between the CPV-2-positivity and clinical signs,age,breed and vaccination status.Sequence analysis revealed the presence of CPV-2c genotypes in all positive samples,which were genetically similar to other Asian CPV-2c strains.Notably,four key mutations(A5G,F267Y,Y324I and Q370R)were detected in all isolates,and one novel mutation(I447M)was detected in three CPV-2 isolates.These mutations in the CPV-2 strains could impact vaccine efcacy and the efectiveness of the virus immune evasion.Surprisingly,no recombination events were observed between the identifed CPV-2c strains and reference strains from China.Our data revealed that amino acid residues 324,426 and 440 of VP2 may under strong selection pressure.This pattern of genetic variation in the CPV-2 lineage warrants continuous laboratory-based surveillance programs in other parts of China to better understand the pattern of seasonal distribution and association between emerging genotypes and the intensity of disease severity.展开更多
Geophysicists interpreting seismic reflection data aim for the highest resolution possible as this facilitates the interpretation and discrimination of subtle geological features.Various deterministic methods based on...Geophysicists interpreting seismic reflection data aim for the highest resolution possible as this facilitates the interpretation and discrimination of subtle geological features.Various deterministic methods based on Wiener filtering exist to increase the temporal frequency bandwidth and compress the seismic wavelet in a process called spectral shaping.Auto-encoder neural networks with convolutional layers have been applied to this problem,with encouraging results,but the problem of generalization to unseen data remains.Most published works have used supervised learning with training data constructed from field seismic data or synthetic seismic data generated based on measured well logs or based on seismic wavefield modelling.This leads to satisfactory results on datasets similar to the training data but requires re-training of the networks for unseen data with different characteristics.In this work seek to improve the generalization,not by experimenting with network architecture(we use a conventional U-net with some small modifications),but by adopting a different approach to creating the training data for the supervised learning process.Although the network is important,at this stage of development we see more improvement in prediction results by altering the design of the training data than by architectural changes.The approach we take is to create synthetic training data consisting of simple geometric shapes convolved with a seismic wavelet.We created a very diverse training dataset consisting of 9000 seismic images with between 5 and 300 seismic events resembling seismic reflections that have geophysically motived perturbations in terms of shape and character.The 2D U-net we have trained can boost robustly and recursively the dominant frequency by 50%.We demonstrate this on unseen field data with different bandwidths and signal-to-noise ratios.Additionally,this 2D U-net can handle non-stationary wavelets and overlapping events of different bandwidth without creating excessive ringing.It is also robust in the presence of noise.The significance of this result is that it simplifies the effort of bandwidth extension and demonstrates the usefulness of auto-encoder neural network for geophysical data processing.展开更多
In the blockchain world,proof-of-work is the dominant protocol mechanism that determines the consensus of the ledger.The hashrate,a measure of the computational power directed toward securing a blockchain through proo...In the blockchain world,proof-of-work is the dominant protocol mechanism that determines the consensus of the ledger.The hashrate,a measure of the computational power directed toward securing a blockchain through proof-of-work consensus,is a fundamental measure of preventing various attacks.This study tests the causal relationship between the hashrate and the security outcome of the Bitcoin blockchain.We use vector error correction modeling to analyze the endogenous relationships between the hashrate,Bitcoin price,and transaction fee,revealing the need for an additional variable to achieve our aim.Employing a measure summarizing the growth of demand factors in the Bitcoin ecosystem indicates that hashrate fluctuations significantly influence security level changes.This result underscores the importance of the hashrate in ensuring the security of the Bitcoin blockchain.展开更多
Flaviviruses,such as dengue virus(DENV),Zika virus(ZIKV),and Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV),represent a substantial public health challenge as there are currently no approved treatments available.Here,we investigate...Flaviviruses,such as dengue virus(DENV),Zika virus(ZIKV),and Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV),represent a substantial public health challenge as there are currently no approved treatments available.Here,we investigated the antiviral effects of bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids(BBAs)on flavivirus infections.We evaluated five specific BBAs—berbamine,tetrandrine,iso-tetrandrine,fangchinoline,and cepharanthine—and found that they effectively inhibited infections by ZIKV,DENV,or JEV by blocking virus entry and genome replication stages in the flavivirus life cycle.Furthermore,we synthesized a fluorophore-conjugated BBA and showed that BBAs targeted endolysosomes,causing lysosomal pH alkalization.Mechanistic studies on inhibiting ZIKV infection by BBAs revealed that these compounds blocked TRPML channels,leading to lysosomal dysfunction and reducing the expression of NCAM1,a key receptor for the entry of ZIKV into cells,thereby decreasing cells susceptibility to ZIKV infection.Additionally,BBAs inhibited the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes,significantly reducing viral RNA replication.Collectively,our results suggest that BBAs inhibit flavivirus entry and replication by compromising endolysosomal trafficking and autophagy,respectively,underscoring the potential of BBAs as therapeutic agents against flavivirus infections.展开更多
Identification of hydrozoan species is challenging, even for taxonomic experts, due to the scarcity of distinct morphological characters and phenotypic plasticity. DNA barcoding provides an efficient method for specie...Identification of hydrozoan species is challenging, even for taxonomic experts, due to the scarcity of distinct morphological characters and phenotypic plasticity. DNA barcoding provides an efficient method for species identification, however, the choice between mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I（COI） and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene（16S） as a standard barcode for hydrozoans is subject to debate. Herein, we directly compared the barcode potential of COI and 16S in hydrozoans using 339 sequences from 47 pelagic hydrozoan species. Analysis of Kimura 2-parameter genetic distances（K2P） documented the mean intraspecific/interspecific variation for COI and 16S to be 0.004/0.204 and 0.003/0.223, respectively. An obvious ＂barcoding gap＂ was detected for all species in both markers and all individuals of a species clustered together in both the COI and 16S trees. These results suggested that the species within the studied taxa can be efficiently and accurately identified by COI and 16S. Furthermore, our results confirmed that 16S was a better phylogenetic marker for hydrozoans at the genus level, and in some cases at the family level. Considering the resolution and effectiveness for barcoding and phylogenetic analyses of Hydrozoa, we strongly recommend 16S as the standard barcode for hydrozoans.展开更多
Velocity volume processing （VVP） retrieval of single Doppler radar is an effective method which can be used to obtain many wind parameters. However, due to the problem of an ill-conditioned matrix arising from the c...Velocity volume processing （VVP） retrieval of single Doppler radar is an effective method which can be used to obtain many wind parameters. However, due to the problem of an ill-conditioned matrix arising from the coefficients of equations not being easily resolved, the VVP method has not been applied adequately and effectively in operation. In this paper, an improved scheme, SVVP （step velocity volume processing）, based on the original method, is proposed. The improved algorithm retrieves each group of components of the wind field through a stepwise procedure, which overcomes the problem of an ill-conditioned matrix, which currently limits the application of the VVP method. Variables in a six-parameter model can be retrieved even if the analysis volume is very small. In addition, the source and order of errors which exist in the traditional method are analyzed. The improved method is applied to real cases, which show that it is robust and has the capability to obtain the wind field structure of the local convective system. It is very helpful for studying severe storms.展开更多
Polymer materials such as transparent thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)have been of great interest in the research and development of integrated circuits and micro-electromechanical systems due to their re...Polymer materials such as transparent thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)have been of great interest in the research and development of integrated circuits and micro-electromechanical systems due to their relatively low cost and easy process.We fabricated PMMA-based polymer hollow microneedle arrays by maskdragging and aligning x-ray lithography.Techniques for 3D micromachining by direct lithography using x-rays are developed.These techniques are based on using image projection in which the x-ray is used to illuminate an appropriate gold pattern on a polyimide film mask.The mask is imaged onto the PMMA sample.A pattern with an area of up to 100×100 mm^(2)can be fabricated with sub-micron resolution and a highly accurate order of a few microns by using a dragging mask.The fabrication technology has several advantages,such as forming complex 3D micro structures,high throughput and low cost.展开更多
The exfoliation of bulk graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))into monolayer has been intensively studied to induce maximum sur-face area for fundamental studies,but ended in failure to realize chemi-cally and physica...The exfoliation of bulk graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))into monolayer has been intensively studied to induce maximum sur-face area for fundamental studies,but ended in failure to realize chemi-cally and physically well-defined monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)mostly due to the difficulty in reducing the layer thickness down to an atomic level.It has,therefore,remained as a challenging issue in two-dimensional(2D)chemistry and physics communities.In this study,an“atomic monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)with perfect two-dimensional limit”was successfully prepared by the chemically well-defined two-step routes.The atomically resolved monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)was also confirmed by spectroscopic and micro-scopic analyses.In addition,the experimental Cs-HRTEM image was collected,for the first time,which was in excellent agreement with the theoretically simulated;the evidence of monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)in the perfect 2D limit becomes now clear from the HRTEM image of orderly hexagonal symmetry with a cavity formed by encirclement of three adjacent heptazine units.Compared to bulk g-C_(3)N_(4),the present g-C_(3)N_(4)monolayer showed significantly higher photocatalytic gen-eration of H2O2 and H2,and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction.In addition,its photocatalytic efficiency for H2O2 production was found to be the best for any known g-C_(3)N_(4)nanomaterials,underscoring the remarkable advantage of monolayer formation in optimizing the catalyst performance of g-C_(3)N_(4).展开更多
Surface ozone(O\-3) was measured at Oki Island(Japan), Cheju Island(South Korea), Lanyu Island(Taiwan Province, China), Cape D'Aguilar(Hong Kong SAR) and Lin'an, Longfenshan, Waliguan(China mainland) during J...Surface ozone(O\-3) was measured at Oki Island(Japan), Cheju Island(South Korea), Lanyu Island(Taiwan Province, China), Cape D'Aguilar(Hong Kong SAR) and Lin'an, Longfenshan, Waliguan(China mainland) during January 1994—December 1996 as a component of IGAC/APARE(International Global Atmospheric Chemistry/East Asia-North Pacific Regional Experiment). This paper gave a joint discussion on the observational results at these stations over the study region. Investigations showed that the average of surface O 3 mixing ratios at the seven sites are 47.9±15.8, 48.1±17.9, 30.2±16.4, 31.6±17.5, 36.3±17.5, 34.8±11.5 and 48.2±9.5 ppbv, respectively. Significant diurnal variations of surface O 3 have been observed at Oki, Cheju, D’Aguilar, Lin'an and Longfenshan. Their annual averaged diurnal differences range from 8 to 23 ppbv and differ in each season. Surface O 3 at Lanyu and Waliguan do not show strong diurnal variability. Seasonal cycles of surface O 3 showed difference at the temperate and the subtropical remote sites. Oki has a summer minimum-spring maximum, while Lanyu has a summer minimum-autumn maximum. The suburban sites at D'Aguilar and Lin'an report high-level O 3 in autumn and low level O 3 in summer. Surface O 3 remains high in autumn and low in winter at the rural site Longfenshan. For the global background station Waliguan, surface O 3 exhibits a broad spring-summer maximum and autumn-winter minimum. The backward air trajectories to these sites have shown different pathways of long-range transport of air pollution from East Asia Continent to North Pacific Ocean. Surface O 3 was found to be strongly and positively correlated with CO at Oki and Lanyu, especially in spring and autumn, reflecting the substantial photochemical buildup of O\-3 on a regional scale. It is believed that the regional sources of pollution in East Asia have enhanced the average surface O 3 concentrations in the background atmosphere of North Pacific.展开更多
A lead zirconate titanate(PZT)-Si energy harvester cantilever with PZT bulk ceramics is fabricated by eutectic bonding,polishing and dicing processes.The feasibility of this process is studied using a successful opera...A lead zirconate titanate(PZT)-Si energy harvester cantilever with PZT bulk ceramics is fabricated by eutectic bonding,polishing and dicing processes.The feasibility of this process is studied using a successful operation of the cantilever in both actuation and harvesting modes.The first prototype made from a PZT-Au-Si cantiliever is tested.The testing results show the voltage output of 632 mV at the frequency of 815 Hz when the excitation acceleration is 0.5 g.The PZT and silicon layers are bonded together to form a sandwiched structure using a gold layer as an intermediate layer.展开更多
Skin aging is a process of structural and compositional remodeling that can be manifested by wrinkling and sagging. Remarkably, the dermis plays a dominant role in the aging process. Recent studies suggest that microR...Skin aging is a process of structural and compositional remodeling that can be manifested by wrinkling and sagging. Remarkably, the dermis plays a dominant role in the aging process. Recent studies suggest that microRNAs are implicated in the regulation of gene expression during aging. However, studies about age-related microRNAs and how they modulate skin aging remain limited. In the present work, a complex of hydrolyzed natural yeast proteins (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and hydrolyzed natural soya bean was developed and showed the ability to modulate the expression of telomere-binding protein TRF2, which is a key factor for telomere protection and to prevent cellular senescence in vitro and DNA damage. The aim of the study was to identify microRNAs specifically modulated after application of the ingredient complex to cultured fibroblasts, and their possible involvement in remodeling of the human extracellular matrix and fibroblast senescence. Consequently, human skin fibroblasts were cultured and treated with 1% of the ingredient complex for 48 h before analyzing microRNA modulation by RT-qPCR. The use of bioinformatics allowed us to predict the target genes for modulated microRNAs. Results show that the ingredient complex modulated a pattern of microRNAs including the down-regulation of miR-29a-3p, miR-30a-5p and miR-34a-5p, which are associated with fibroblast senescence and remodeling of the human dermal extracellular matrix. In conclusion, our results indicate that miR-29a-3p, miR-30a-5p and miR-34a-5p possibly represent key microRNAs that impact human fibroblast senescence and remodeling of the dermal extracellular matrix.展开更多
Ag substitution in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)is a promising way to mitigate Cu/Zn related defects,electrostatic fluctuations and Shockley-Read-Hall(SRH)recombination centers.However,high performance ACZTSSe solar ce...Ag substitution in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)is a promising way to mitigate Cu/Zn related defects,electrostatic fluctuations and Shockley-Read-Hall(SRH)recombination centers.However,high performance ACZTSSe solar cells are generally demonstrated with more Ag amounts and strenuous fabrication processes,which are not ideal when using cheap constituent materials CZTSSe.To reduce the Ag amount(2%-3%),local Ag substitutions into CZTSSe at front(F),back(B)and dual front/back(FB)were proposed.Experimental results revealed that F-passivation effectively reduced the Cu/Zn related defects and further limits the interface/bulk recombination whereas B-passivation improved the grain growth at the back interface and further allows enhanced transport of charge carriers.By employing the dual Agpassivation approach,the final ACZTSSe device parameters were significantly improved and remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.43%was achieved with eco-friendly aqueous solution process.展开更多
This paper focuses on the state space modeling approach and output torques prediction of torsional vibrations for variable speed wind turbines. The multi-body system model under study is mainly comprised of a wind tur...This paper focuses on the state space modeling approach and output torques prediction of torsional vibrations for variable speed wind turbines. The multi-body system model under study is mainly comprised of a wind turbine, a three stage planetary gear box and an induction generator. The masses-springs approach of shaft system differential equations is developed from Newton＇s law and Lagrange formulas. For an easy comprehension for electrical engineers and tutorial purpose, an electrical equivalent circuit of the system is proposed by using mechanical and electrical components similarities. Extensive numerical simulations are performed to investigate system mechanical resonances and impacts of damping factors on the system dynamic and stability.展开更多
This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.T...This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1)clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2)multidisciplinary collaborations;(3)public-sector investments;and(4)non-public sectors participation.Amidst China’s increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.展开更多
BACKGROUND Korean National Health Insurance(NHI)claims database provides large-cohort.However,studies regarding accuracy of administrative database for pancreatic cancer(PC)have not been reported.We aimed to identify ...BACKGROUND Korean National Health Insurance(NHI)claims database provides large-cohort.However,studies regarding accuracy of administrative database for pancreatic cancer(PC)have not been reported.We aimed to identify accuracy of NHI database regarding PC classified by international classification of disease(ICD)-10 codes.AIM To identify the accuracy and usefulness of administrative database in PC and the accurate ICD codes for PC with location.METHODS Study and control groups were collected from 2003 to 2016 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.Cases of PC were identified in NHI database by international classification of diseases,10th revision edition(ICD-10 codes)supported with V codes.V code is issued by medical doctors for covering 95%of medical cost by Korean government.According to pathologic reports,definite or possible diagnoses were defined using medical records,images,and pathology.RESULTS A total of 1846 cases with PC and controls were collected.Among PC,only 410(22.2%)cases were identified as specific cancer sites including head in 234(12.7%)cases,tail in 104(5.6%)cases and body in 72(3.9%)cases.Among PC,910(49.3%)cases were diagnosed by definite criteria.Most of these were adenocarcinoma(98.0%).The rates of definite diagnosis of PC were highest in head(70.1%)followed by body(47.2%)and tail(43.3%).False-positive cases were pancreatic cystic neoplasm and metastasis to the pancreas.In terms of the overall diagnosis of PC,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value were 99.95%,98.72%,98.70%,and 99.95%,respectively.Diagnostic accuracy was similar both in terms of diagnostic criteria and tumor locations.CONCLUSION Korean NHI claims database collected according to ICD-10 code with V code for PC showed good accuracy.展开更多
Nanodielectric composites have been developed in recent years attempting to improve the dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric strength and voltage endurance. Among various investigations, nanop...Nanodielectric composites have been developed in recent years attempting to improve the dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric strength and voltage endurance. Among various investigations, nanoparticle dispersion was particularly emphasized in this work. General Electric Global Research Center in Niskayuna NY USA has investigated various nanoparticles, nanocomposites and nanocomposite synthesis methods intending to understand particle dispersion and their impact on the nanocomposite dielectric properties. The breakdown strength and microstructures of the nanocomposites containing different particles were studied for projects related to capacitor and electrical insulation technologies. The nanocomposite synthesis methods either employed commerical nanoparticles or utilized nanoparticles that were self-assembled (in-situ precipitation) in a matrix. Our investigations have shown that nanocomposites prepared with solution chemistry were more favorable for producing uniform dispersion of nanoparticles. Structural information of nanocomposites was studied with transmission electron microscopy and the interection between particles and matrix polymers were tentatively probed using dielectric spectroscopy. In these new class of materials high energy densities on the order of 15J/cc were achievable in nanocomposites.展开更多
The co-occurrence of bacteria and microeukaryote species is a ubiquitous ecological phenomenon,but there is limited cross-domain research in aquatic environments.We conducted a network statistical analysis and visuali...The co-occurrence of bacteria and microeukaryote species is a ubiquitous ecological phenomenon,but there is limited cross-domain research in aquatic environments.We conducted a network statistical analysis and visualization of microbial cross-domain co-occurrence patterns based on DNA sampling of a typical subtropical bay during four seasons,using high-throughput sequencing of both 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes.First,we found obvious relationships between network stability and network complexity indices.For example,increased cooperation and modularity were found to weaken the stability of cross-domain networks.Secondly,we found that bacterial operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were the most important contributors to network complexity and stability as they occupied more nodes,constituted more keystone OTUs,built more connections,more importantly,ignoring bacteria led to greater variation in network robustness.Gammaproteobacteria,Alphaproteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria were the most ecologically important groups.Finally,we found that the environmental drivers most associated with cross-domain networks varied across seasons(in detail,the network in January was primarily constrained by temperature and salinity,the network in April was primarily constrained by depth and temperature,the network in July was mainly affected by depth,temperature,and salinity,depth was the most important factor affecting the network in October)and that environmental influence was stronger on bacteria than on microeukaryotes.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the impact of MK-801 on gene expression patterns genome wide in rat brain regions. METHODS:Rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of MK-801 [0.08(low-dose) and 0.16(highdose) mg/kg] or ...AIM:To investigate the impact of MK-801 on gene expression patterns genome wide in rat brain regions. METHODS:Rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of MK-801 [0.08(low-dose) and 0.16(highdose) mg/kg] or NaC l(vehicle control). In a first series of experiment,the frontoparietal electrocorticogram was recorded 15 min before and 60 min after injection. In a second series of experiments,the whole brain of each animal was rapidly removed at 40 min post-injection,and different regions were separated:amygdala,cerebral cortex,hippocampus,hypothalamus,midbrain and ventral striatum on ice followed by DNA microarray(4 × 44 K whole rat genome chip) analysis.RESULTS:Spectral analysis revealed that a single systemic injection of MK-801 significantly and selectively augmented the power of baseline gamma frequency(30-80 Hz) oscillations in the frontoparietal electroencephalogram. DNA microarray analysis showed the largest number(up- and down- regulations) of gene expressions in the cerebral cortex(378),midbrain(376),hippocampus(375),ventral striatum(353),amygdala(301),and hypothalamus(201) under low-dose(0.08 mg/kg) of MK-801. Under high-dose(0.16 mg/kg),ventral striatum(811) showed the largest number of gene expression changes. Gene expression changes were functionally categorized to reveal expression of genes and function varies with each brain region.CONCLUSION:Acute MK-801 treatment increases synchrony of baseline gamma oscillations,and causes very early changes in gene expressions in six individual rat brain regions,a first report.展开更多
Zirconia oxide (ZrO2) nanofibers were synthesized using Phosphorus/water mixture as catalyst by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis CVD on the zirconia substrate at 900°C for 1 h in N2 gas. Scanning electron microscopy (S...Zirconia oxide (ZrO2) nanofibers were synthesized using Phosphorus/water mixture as catalyst by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis CVD on the zirconia substrate at 900°C for 1 h in N2 gas. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) examinations show that all the synthesized nanofibers have uniform surface morphology and their diameters are in the range of 100 nm. The HRTEM selected-area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) shows that crystalline ZrO2 phase exist in the nanofibers, and the energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results show that the elements of Zr and O are uniformly distributed across the nanofiber matrix. The phosphorus atoms corroded the entire Zirconia substrate surface, and the Zirconia-Phosphorus liquid-catalyzed the solid-liquid-solid mechanism is proposed to explain the growth of the nanofibers.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from National Research Foundation(NRF,#2021R1A5A2022318,#RS-2023-00220408,#RS-2023-00247485),Republic of Korea.
文摘Inflammatory skin disorders can cause chronic scarring and functional impairments,posing a significant burden on patients and the healthcare system.Conventional therapies,such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,are limited in efficacy and associated with adverse effects.Recently,nanozyme(NZ)-based hydrogels have shown great promise in addressing these challenges.NZ-based hydrogels possess unique therapeutic abilities by combining the therapeutic benefits of redox nanomaterials with enzymatic activity and the water-retaining capacity of hydrogels.The multifaceted therapeutic effects of these hydrogels include scavenging reactive oxygen species and other inflammatory mediators modulating immune responses toward a pro-regenerative environment and enhancing regenerative potential by triggering cell migration and differentiation.This review highlights the current state of the art in NZ-engineered hydrogels(NZ@hydrogels)for anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration applications.It also discusses the underlying chemo-mechano-biological mechanisms behind their effectiveness.Additionally,the challenges and future directions in this ground,particularly their clinical translation,are addressed.The insights provided in this review can aid in the design and engineering of novel NZ-based hydrogels,offering new possibilities for targeted and personalized skin-care therapies.
基金Kunshan Municipal Government research funding(Grant Number:22KKSGR075).
文摘Canine parvovirus 2(CPV-2)is a highly contagious virus in dogs that typically causes hemorrhagic enteritis and a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies.The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of CPV-2 hinder its efective prevention of infection by vaccination.To investigate the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of CPV-2 in China,rectal swabs from afected dogs were collected from diferent animal clinics in Kunshan from 2022 to 2023.Preliminary detection and capsid gene sequencing of CPV-2 were performed using previously described primers and protocols.The overall detection rate for CPV-2 was 16.5%(33/200).A signifcant association was found between the CPV-2-positivity and clinical signs,age,breed and vaccination status.Sequence analysis revealed the presence of CPV-2c genotypes in all positive samples,which were genetically similar to other Asian CPV-2c strains.Notably,four key mutations(A5G,F267Y,Y324I and Q370R)were detected in all isolates,and one novel mutation(I447M)was detected in three CPV-2 isolates.These mutations in the CPV-2 strains could impact vaccine efcacy and the efectiveness of the virus immune evasion.Surprisingly,no recombination events were observed between the identifed CPV-2c strains and reference strains from China.Our data revealed that amino acid residues 324,426 and 440 of VP2 may under strong selection pressure.This pattern of genetic variation in the CPV-2 lineage warrants continuous laboratory-based surveillance programs in other parts of China to better understand the pattern of seasonal distribution and association between emerging genotypes and the intensity of disease severity.
文摘Geophysicists interpreting seismic reflection data aim for the highest resolution possible as this facilitates the interpretation and discrimination of subtle geological features.Various deterministic methods based on Wiener filtering exist to increase the temporal frequency bandwidth and compress the seismic wavelet in a process called spectral shaping.Auto-encoder neural networks with convolutional layers have been applied to this problem,with encouraging results,but the problem of generalization to unseen data remains.Most published works have used supervised learning with training data constructed from field seismic data or synthetic seismic data generated based on measured well logs or based on seismic wavefield modelling.This leads to satisfactory results on datasets similar to the training data but requires re-training of the networks for unseen data with different characteristics.In this work seek to improve the generalization,not by experimenting with network architecture(we use a conventional U-net with some small modifications),but by adopting a different approach to creating the training data for the supervised learning process.Although the network is important,at this stage of development we see more improvement in prediction results by altering the design of the training data than by architectural changes.The approach we take is to create synthetic training data consisting of simple geometric shapes convolved with a seismic wavelet.We created a very diverse training dataset consisting of 9000 seismic images with between 5 and 300 seismic events resembling seismic reflections that have geophysically motived perturbations in terms of shape and character.The 2D U-net we have trained can boost robustly and recursively the dominant frequency by 50%.We demonstrate this on unseen field data with different bandwidths and signal-to-noise ratios.Additionally,this 2D U-net can handle non-stationary wavelets and overlapping events of different bandwidth without creating excessive ringing.It is also robust in the presence of noise.The significance of this result is that it simplifies the effort of bandwidth extension and demonstrates the usefulness of auto-encoder neural network for geophysical data processing.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2022S1A5A2A01044485).
文摘In the blockchain world,proof-of-work is the dominant protocol mechanism that determines the consensus of the ledger.The hashrate,a measure of the computational power directed toward securing a blockchain through proof-of-work consensus,is a fundamental measure of preventing various attacks.This study tests the causal relationship between the hashrate and the security outcome of the Bitcoin blockchain.We use vector error correction modeling to analyze the endogenous relationships between the hashrate,Bitcoin price,and transaction fee,revealing the need for an additional variable to achieve our aim.Employing a measure summarizing the growth of demand factors in the Bitcoin ecosystem indicates that hashrate fluctuations significantly influence security level changes.This result underscores the importance of the hashrate in ensuring the security of the Bitcoin blockchain.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1800100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302843,32070702,and 82161128014)+5 种基金GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515010748)Innovation and Technology Fund of Hong Kong(MRP/064/21,GHP/097/20GD,and MHP/072/21)Hong Kong Research Grant Council(RGC)grant(11103620 and 11104422)research grants from Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(SGDX20201103093201010 and JCYJ20210324134007020)Kunshan Shuang Chuang Grant(kssc202302073)the Kunshan Municipal Government research funding。
文摘Flaviviruses,such as dengue virus(DENV),Zika virus(ZIKV),and Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV),represent a substantial public health challenge as there are currently no approved treatments available.Here,we investigated the antiviral effects of bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids(BBAs)on flavivirus infections.We evaluated five specific BBAs—berbamine,tetrandrine,iso-tetrandrine,fangchinoline,and cepharanthine—and found that they effectively inhibited infections by ZIKV,DENV,or JEV by blocking virus entry and genome replication stages in the flavivirus life cycle.Furthermore,we synthesized a fluorophore-conjugated BBA and showed that BBAs targeted endolysosomes,causing lysosomal pH alkalization.Mechanistic studies on inhibiting ZIKV infection by BBAs revealed that these compounds blocked TRPML channels,leading to lysosomal dysfunction and reducing the expression of NCAM1,a key receptor for the entry of ZIKV into cells,thereby decreasing cells susceptibility to ZIKV infection.Additionally,BBAs inhibited the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes,significantly reducing viral RNA replication.Collectively,our results suggest that BBAs inhibit flavivirus entry and replication by compromising endolysosomal trafficking and autophagy,respectively,underscoring the potential of BBAs as therapeutic agents against flavivirus infections.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41006078the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No.2010121037+1 种基金the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean under contract Nos 201005012-3 and 201005015-5the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China under contract No.2011J05116
文摘Identification of hydrozoan species is challenging, even for taxonomic experts, due to the scarcity of distinct morphological characters and phenotypic plasticity. DNA barcoding provides an efficient method for species identification, however, the choice between mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I（COI） and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene（16S） as a standard barcode for hydrozoans is subject to debate. Herein, we directly compared the barcode potential of COI and 16S in hydrozoans using 339 sequences from 47 pelagic hydrozoan species. Analysis of Kimura 2-parameter genetic distances（K2P） documented the mean intraspecific/interspecific variation for COI and 16S to be 0.004/0.204 and 0.003/0.223, respectively. An obvious ＂barcoding gap＂ was detected for all species in both markers and all individuals of a species clustered together in both the COI and 16S trees. These results suggested that the species within the studied taxa can be efficiently and accurately identified by COI and 16S. Furthermore, our results confirmed that 16S was a better phylogenetic marker for hydrozoans at the genus level, and in some cases at the family level. Considering the resolution and effectiveness for barcoding and phylogenetic analyses of Hydrozoa, we strongly recommend 16S as the standard barcode for hydrozoans.
文摘Velocity volume processing （VVP） retrieval of single Doppler radar is an effective method which can be used to obtain many wind parameters. However, due to the problem of an ill-conditioned matrix arising from the coefficients of equations not being easily resolved, the VVP method has not been applied adequately and effectively in operation. In this paper, an improved scheme, SVVP （step velocity volume processing）, based on the original method, is proposed. The improved algorithm retrieves each group of components of the wind field through a stepwise procedure, which overcomes the problem of an ill-conditioned matrix, which currently limits the application of the VVP method. Variables in a six-parameter model can be retrieved even if the analysis volume is very small. In addition, the source and order of errors which exist in the traditional method are analyzed. The improved method is applied to real cases, which show that it is robust and has the capability to obtain the wind field structure of the local convective system. It is very helpful for studying severe storms.
基金Supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Talent Plan Sponsorship(No 09PJ1406200)the International Cooperation Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2009DFB10330)+1 种基金Aviation Key Laboratory Foundation of China(No 20080857002)and National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 60777016,50775149 and 60976081.
文摘Polymer materials such as transparent thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)have been of great interest in the research and development of integrated circuits and micro-electromechanical systems due to their relatively low cost and easy process.We fabricated PMMA-based polymer hollow microneedle arrays by maskdragging and aligning x-ray lithography.Techniques for 3D micromachining by direct lithography using x-rays are developed.These techniques are based on using image projection in which the x-ray is used to illuminate an appropriate gold pattern on a polyimide film mask.The mask is imaged onto the PMMA sample.A pattern with an area of up to 100×100 mm^(2)can be fabricated with sub-micron resolution and a highly accurate order of a few microns by using a dragging mask.The fabrication technology has several advantages,such as forming complex 3D micro structures,high throughput and low cost.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2020R1I1A1A01072161)and under the framework of the International Cooperation Program managed by NRF(No.2017K2A9A2A10013104)supported by the NRF grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)(No.NRF-2020R1A2C3008671).
文摘The exfoliation of bulk graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))into monolayer has been intensively studied to induce maximum sur-face area for fundamental studies,but ended in failure to realize chemi-cally and physically well-defined monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)mostly due to the difficulty in reducing the layer thickness down to an atomic level.It has,therefore,remained as a challenging issue in two-dimensional(2D)chemistry and physics communities.In this study,an“atomic monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)with perfect two-dimensional limit”was successfully prepared by the chemically well-defined two-step routes.The atomically resolved monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)was also confirmed by spectroscopic and micro-scopic analyses.In addition,the experimental Cs-HRTEM image was collected,for the first time,which was in excellent agreement with the theoretically simulated;the evidence of monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)in the perfect 2D limit becomes now clear from the HRTEM image of orderly hexagonal symmetry with a cavity formed by encirclement of three adjacent heptazine units.Compared to bulk g-C_(3)N_(4),the present g-C_(3)N_(4)monolayer showed significantly higher photocatalytic gen-eration of H2O2 and H2,and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction.In addition,its photocatalytic efficiency for H2O2 production was found to be the best for any known g-C_(3)N_(4)nanomaterials,underscoring the remarkable advantage of monolayer formation in optimizing the catalyst performance of g-C_(3)N_(4).
文摘Surface ozone(O\-3) was measured at Oki Island(Japan), Cheju Island(South Korea), Lanyu Island(Taiwan Province, China), Cape D'Aguilar(Hong Kong SAR) and Lin'an, Longfenshan, Waliguan(China mainland) during January 1994—December 1996 as a component of IGAC/APARE(International Global Atmospheric Chemistry/East Asia-North Pacific Regional Experiment). This paper gave a joint discussion on the observational results at these stations over the study region. Investigations showed that the average of surface O 3 mixing ratios at the seven sites are 47.9±15.8, 48.1±17.9, 30.2±16.4, 31.6±17.5, 36.3±17.5, 34.8±11.5 and 48.2±9.5 ppbv, respectively. Significant diurnal variations of surface O 3 have been observed at Oki, Cheju, D’Aguilar, Lin'an and Longfenshan. Their annual averaged diurnal differences range from 8 to 23 ppbv and differ in each season. Surface O 3 at Lanyu and Waliguan do not show strong diurnal variability. Seasonal cycles of surface O 3 showed difference at the temperate and the subtropical remote sites. Oki has a summer minimum-spring maximum, while Lanyu has a summer minimum-autumn maximum. The suburban sites at D'Aguilar and Lin'an report high-level O 3 in autumn and low level O 3 in summer. Surface O 3 remains high in autumn and low in winter at the rural site Longfenshan. For the global background station Waliguan, surface O 3 exhibits a broad spring-summer maximum and autumn-winter minimum. The backward air trajectories to these sites have shown different pathways of long-range transport of air pollution from East Asia Continent to North Pacific Ocean. Surface O 3 was found to be strongly and positively correlated with CO at Oki and Lanyu, especially in spring and autumn, reflecting the substantial photochemical buildup of O\-3 on a regional scale. It is believed that the regional sources of pollution in East Asia have enhanced the average surface O 3 concentrations in the background atmosphere of North Pacific.
基金by the International Cooperation Project from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2009DFB10330)the Shanghai Pujiang Talent Plan(No 09PJ1406200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 51035005.
文摘A lead zirconate titanate(PZT)-Si energy harvester cantilever with PZT bulk ceramics is fabricated by eutectic bonding,polishing and dicing processes.The feasibility of this process is studied using a successful operation of the cantilever in both actuation and harvesting modes.The first prototype made from a PZT-Au-Si cantiliever is tested.The testing results show the voltage output of 632 mV at the frequency of 815 Hz when the excitation acceleration is 0.5 g.The PZT and silicon layers are bonded together to form a sandwiched structure using a gold layer as an intermediate layer.
文摘Skin aging is a process of structural and compositional remodeling that can be manifested by wrinkling and sagging. Remarkably, the dermis plays a dominant role in the aging process. Recent studies suggest that microRNAs are implicated in the regulation of gene expression during aging. However, studies about age-related microRNAs and how they modulate skin aging remain limited. In the present work, a complex of hydrolyzed natural yeast proteins (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and hydrolyzed natural soya bean was developed and showed the ability to modulate the expression of telomere-binding protein TRF2, which is a key factor for telomere protection and to prevent cellular senescence in vitro and DNA damage. The aim of the study was to identify microRNAs specifically modulated after application of the ingredient complex to cultured fibroblasts, and their possible involvement in remodeling of the human extracellular matrix and fibroblast senescence. Consequently, human skin fibroblasts were cultured and treated with 1% of the ingredient complex for 48 h before analyzing microRNA modulation by RT-qPCR. The use of bioinformatics allowed us to predict the target genes for modulated microRNAs. Results show that the ingredient complex modulated a pattern of microRNAs including the down-regulation of miR-29a-3p, miR-30a-5p and miR-34a-5p, which are associated with fibroblast senescence and remodeling of the human dermal extracellular matrix. In conclusion, our results indicate that miR-29a-3p, miR-30a-5p and miR-34a-5p possibly represent key microRNAs that impact human fibroblast senescence and remodeling of the dermal extracellular matrix.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korean Government(NRF2021R1A2C1008598)the program of Phased Development of Carbon Neutral Technologies through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT(NRF-2022M3J1A1064220)。
文摘Ag substitution in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)is a promising way to mitigate Cu/Zn related defects,electrostatic fluctuations and Shockley-Read-Hall(SRH)recombination centers.However,high performance ACZTSSe solar cells are generally demonstrated with more Ag amounts and strenuous fabrication processes,which are not ideal when using cheap constituent materials CZTSSe.To reduce the Ag amount(2%-3%),local Ag substitutions into CZTSSe at front(F),back(B)and dual front/back(FB)were proposed.Experimental results revealed that F-passivation effectively reduced the Cu/Zn related defects and further limits the interface/bulk recombination whereas B-passivation improved the grain growth at the back interface and further allows enhanced transport of charge carriers.By employing the dual Agpassivation approach,the final ACZTSSe device parameters were significantly improved and remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.43%was achieved with eco-friendly aqueous solution process.
文摘This paper focuses on the state space modeling approach and output torques prediction of torsional vibrations for variable speed wind turbines. The multi-body system model under study is mainly comprised of a wind turbine, a three stage planetary gear box and an induction generator. The masses-springs approach of shaft system differential equations is developed from Newton＇s law and Lagrange formulas. For an easy comprehension for electrical engineers and tutorial purpose, an electrical equivalent circuit of the system is proposed by using mechanical and electrical components similarities. Extensive numerical simulations are performed to investigate system mechanical resonances and impacts of damping factors on the system dynamic and stability.
基金partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC 71774075).
文摘This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1)clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2)multidisciplinary collaborations;(3)public-sector investments;and(4)non-public sectors participation.Amidst China’s increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea,No.2011-0030001
文摘BACKGROUND Korean National Health Insurance(NHI)claims database provides large-cohort.However,studies regarding accuracy of administrative database for pancreatic cancer(PC)have not been reported.We aimed to identify accuracy of NHI database regarding PC classified by international classification of disease(ICD)-10 codes.AIM To identify the accuracy and usefulness of administrative database in PC and the accurate ICD codes for PC with location.METHODS Study and control groups were collected from 2003 to 2016 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.Cases of PC were identified in NHI database by international classification of diseases,10th revision edition(ICD-10 codes)supported with V codes.V code is issued by medical doctors for covering 95%of medical cost by Korean government.According to pathologic reports,definite or possible diagnoses were defined using medical records,images,and pathology.RESULTS A total of 1846 cases with PC and controls were collected.Among PC,only 410(22.2%)cases were identified as specific cancer sites including head in 234(12.7%)cases,tail in 104(5.6%)cases and body in 72(3.9%)cases.Among PC,910(49.3%)cases were diagnosed by definite criteria.Most of these were adenocarcinoma(98.0%).The rates of definite diagnosis of PC were highest in head(70.1%)followed by body(47.2%)and tail(43.3%).False-positive cases were pancreatic cystic neoplasm and metastasis to the pancreas.In terms of the overall diagnosis of PC,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value were 99.95%,98.72%,98.70%,and 99.95%,respectively.Diagnostic accuracy was similar both in terms of diagnostic criteria and tumor locations.CONCLUSION Korean NHI claims database collected according to ICD-10 code with V code for PC showed good accuracy.
文摘Nanodielectric composites have been developed in recent years attempting to improve the dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric strength and voltage endurance. Among various investigations, nanoparticle dispersion was particularly emphasized in this work. General Electric Global Research Center in Niskayuna NY USA has investigated various nanoparticles, nanocomposites and nanocomposite synthesis methods intending to understand particle dispersion and their impact on the nanocomposite dielectric properties. The breakdown strength and microstructures of the nanocomposites containing different particles were studied for projects related to capacitor and electrical insulation technologies. The nanocomposite synthesis methods either employed commerical nanoparticles or utilized nanoparticles that were self-assembled (in-situ precipitation) in a matrix. Our investigations have shown that nanocomposites prepared with solution chemistry were more favorable for producing uniform dispersion of nanoparticles. Structural information of nanocomposites was studied with transmission electron microscopy and the interection between particles and matrix polymers were tentatively probed using dielectric spectroscopy. In these new class of materials high energy densities on the order of 15J/cc were achievable in nanocomposites.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42141003,42176147)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0802204)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2021J01025)。
文摘The co-occurrence of bacteria and microeukaryote species is a ubiquitous ecological phenomenon,but there is limited cross-domain research in aquatic environments.We conducted a network statistical analysis and visualization of microbial cross-domain co-occurrence patterns based on DNA sampling of a typical subtropical bay during four seasons,using high-throughput sequencing of both 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes.First,we found obvious relationships between network stability and network complexity indices.For example,increased cooperation and modularity were found to weaken the stability of cross-domain networks.Secondly,we found that bacterial operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were the most important contributors to network complexity and stability as they occupied more nodes,constituted more keystone OTUs,built more connections,more importantly,ignoring bacteria led to greater variation in network robustness.Gammaproteobacteria,Alphaproteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria were the most ecologically important groups.Finally,we found that the environmental drivers most associated with cross-domain networks varied across seasons(in detail,the network in January was primarily constrained by temperature and salinity,the network in April was primarily constrained by depth and temperature,the network in July was mainly affected by depth,temperature,and salinity,depth was the most important factor affecting the network in October)and that environmental influence was stronger on bacteria than on microeukaryotes.
基金supported by The French Institute of health and Medical Research (Inserm),Université de Strasbourg and Neurex
文摘AIM:To investigate the impact of MK-801 on gene expression patterns genome wide in rat brain regions. METHODS:Rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of MK-801 [0.08(low-dose) and 0.16(highdose) mg/kg] or NaC l(vehicle control). In a first series of experiment,the frontoparietal electrocorticogram was recorded 15 min before and 60 min after injection. In a second series of experiments,the whole brain of each animal was rapidly removed at 40 min post-injection,and different regions were separated:amygdala,cerebral cortex,hippocampus,hypothalamus,midbrain and ventral striatum on ice followed by DNA microarray(4 × 44 K whole rat genome chip) analysis.RESULTS:Spectral analysis revealed that a single systemic injection of MK-801 significantly and selectively augmented the power of baseline gamma frequency(30-80 Hz) oscillations in the frontoparietal electroencephalogram. DNA microarray analysis showed the largest number(up- and down- regulations) of gene expressions in the cerebral cortex(378),midbrain(376),hippocampus(375),ventral striatum(353),amygdala(301),and hypothalamus(201) under low-dose(0.08 mg/kg) of MK-801. Under high-dose(0.16 mg/kg),ventral striatum(811) showed the largest number of gene expression changes. Gene expression changes were functionally categorized to reveal expression of genes and function varies with each brain region.CONCLUSION:Acute MK-801 treatment increases synchrony of baseline gamma oscillations,and causes very early changes in gene expressions in six individual rat brain regions,a first report.
文摘Zirconia oxide (ZrO2) nanofibers were synthesized using Phosphorus/water mixture as catalyst by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis CVD on the zirconia substrate at 900°C for 1 h in N2 gas. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) examinations show that all the synthesized nanofibers have uniform surface morphology and their diameters are in the range of 100 nm. The HRTEM selected-area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) shows that crystalline ZrO2 phase exist in the nanofibers, and the energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results show that the elements of Zr and O are uniformly distributed across the nanofiber matrix. The phosphorus atoms corroded the entire Zirconia substrate surface, and the Zirconia-Phosphorus liquid-catalyzed the solid-liquid-solid mechanism is proposed to explain the growth of the nanofibers.
