This article contributes to a small but growing body of multi-sited and multi-scalar research on the Belt and Road Initiative.We focus on relations at the national,regional and international scales,and present origina...This article contributes to a small but growing body of multi-sited and multi-scalar research on the Belt and Road Initiative.We focus on relations at the national,regional and international scales,and present original research from China and Turkey,to show how the Istanbul-Ankara high-speed railway has served as a testing ground for China's Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Its construction was initially funded by the European Investment Bank,but it is now part of the backbone of the Turkish Government's Middle Corridor plan which enhances west-east connectivity and integration with the Caucasus and Central Asia.We show that in contrast to multinational corporations from the OECD that seek to remain footloose,Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs)seek to adapt to,apprehend and ultimately shape local institutions.In the case of Turkey this proved difficult given its institutional alignment with the European Union.Thus,while the railway project was completed successfully by a consortium led by a Chinese SOE,Turkey's dynamic and complex regulatory environment discourages Chinese SOEs in the infrastructure sector.We conclude that the Turkish and Chinese governments are currently pursuing complementary territorial visions yet their cooperation is project-based and pragmatic.展开更多
Like the functional distribution of income,wage inequality is subject to fairly regular cyclical fluctuations.In this paper,we(i)analyze sources of these fluctuations,(ii)present models of endogenous cycles that inclu...Like the functional distribution of income,wage inequality is subject to fairly regular cyclical fluctuations.In this paper,we(i)analyze sources of these fluctuations,(ii)present models of endogenous cycles that include heterogeneous labor and wage inequality,(ii)show that these models generate patterns of both wage inequality and the functional income distribution that are in line with the evidence,and(iv)caution against any extrapolation of cyclical patterns to long-term trends and beliefs in expansionary aggregate demand policy as the key instrument to promote greater economic equality.展开更多
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA20010102National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41871115,No.41530751British Academy Newton Advanced Fellowship,No.NAF2R2/100172。
文摘This article contributes to a small but growing body of multi-sited and multi-scalar research on the Belt and Road Initiative.We focus on relations at the national,regional and international scales,and present original research from China and Turkey,to show how the Istanbul-Ankara high-speed railway has served as a testing ground for China's Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Its construction was initially funded by the European Investment Bank,but it is now part of the backbone of the Turkish Government's Middle Corridor plan which enhances west-east connectivity and integration with the Caucasus and Central Asia.We show that in contrast to multinational corporations from the OECD that seek to remain footloose,Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs)seek to adapt to,apprehend and ultimately shape local institutions.In the case of Turkey this proved difficult given its institutional alignment with the European Union.Thus,while the railway project was completed successfully by a consortium led by a Chinese SOE,Turkey's dynamic and complex regulatory environment discourages Chinese SOEs in the infrastructure sector.We conclude that the Turkish and Chinese governments are currently pursuing complementary territorial visions yet their cooperation is project-based and pragmatic.
文摘Like the functional distribution of income,wage inequality is subject to fairly regular cyclical fluctuations.In this paper,we(i)analyze sources of these fluctuations,(ii)present models of endogenous cycles that include heterogeneous labor and wage inequality,(ii)show that these models generate patterns of both wage inequality and the functional income distribution that are in line with the evidence,and(iv)caution against any extrapolation of cyclical patterns to long-term trends and beliefs in expansionary aggregate demand policy as the key instrument to promote greater economic equality.
