The Bikaner-Nagaur and Barmer Basins(Rajasthan)are the most important petroliferous sedimentary basins in India.For over a decade,the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in these basins.Paleocene-Eocene age roc...The Bikaner-Nagaur and Barmer Basins(Rajasthan)are the most important petroliferous sedimentary basins in India.For over a decade,the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in these basins.Paleocene-Eocene age rocks bear organic-rich sediments in these basins,including lignite and carbonaceous shale deposits.The present research investigates the source rock properties,petroleum potential and thermal maturity of the carbonaceous shale partings from the lignite mines of Gurha(Bikaner-Nagaur Basin)and Kapurdi(Barmer Basin)using petrographical and geochemical tools.The carbonaceous shales have high organic matter(OM),with considerable total organic carbon(TOC)contents ranging from 13%to 39%.Furthermore,they contain hydrogen-rich kerogen,including types II and II/III,as evidenced by the Rock-Eval and elemental analysis results.The existence of these kerogen types indicates the abundance of reactive(vitrinite and liptinite)macerals.However,the carbonaceous shales from the Bikaner–Nagaur Basin have oil generation potentials,with a high hydrogen index(up to 516 mg HC/g TOC)and a H/C ratio(up to 1.5)along with a significant presence of oil-prone liptinitic macerals.Apart from the geochemical and petrological results,the studied shales have low huminite reflectance(0.31%–0.48%),maximum temperature(S_(2) peak;Tmax)between 419℃ and 429℃,and low production index values(PI:0.01–0.03).These results indicate that these carbonaceous shales contain immature OM,and thereby,they cannot yet release commercial amount of oil.This immaturity level in the studied outcrop section is due to the shallow burial depth.Geochemical proxies further indicate the presence of both oil and gas-prone source rocks.展开更多
At 20:08,on September 18,2024,an M4.7 earthquake occurred along the Tanlu fault zone in the Feidong County of Hefei,Anhui Province.This earthquake is the largest event in the modern history of Hefei,which caused subst...At 20:08,on September 18,2024,an M4.7 earthquake occurred along the Tanlu fault zone in the Feidong County of Hefei,Anhui Province.This earthquake is the largest event in the modern history of Hefei,which caused substantial social impact.To reveal the seismogenic structure of the M4.7 Feidong earthquake sequence and assess seismic risks,we use data from both the permanent seismic network and a temporary dense nodal array deployed in the epicentral region prior to the mainshock for:(1)accurate location of the earthquake sequence and determination of the focal mechanisms;(2)obtaining the spatiotemporal distribution,b-value,and half-day occurrence frequency of the earthquake sequence.The Sentinel-1 satellite data are used to analyze the coseismic displacement.Additionally,velocity models from regional tomography and local high-resolution 2D active-and passive-source surveys across the Tanlu fault zone in the epicentral area are also used to reveal the detailed geometry of the seismogenic fault.The results indicate:(1)the M4.7 Feidong earthquake sequence is concentrated around 10.5 km in depth along a NW-dipping,subvertical fault which trends NE and is approximately 5 km in length;the focal mechanism solution also reveals that the fault hosting the mainshock is a subvertical strike-slip fault,driven by the regional compressional stress in ENE-WSW;the coseismic horizontal displacement on the surface caused by the M4.7 mainshock has a maximum value close to 1 mm;(2)the regional velocity model shows significant lateral variation in v_(S) in the source region,with the mainshock occurring in the area with higher velocity;high-resolution P-wave velocity structures obtained by full waveform inversion from active sources,and S-wave velocity structures from passive-source ambient noise tomography indicate that the mainshock occurred along the boundary between high-and low-velocity bodies,and the seismogenic fault dips NW;the deep seismic reflection profiling shows that the mainshock occurred within the Jurassic strata;(3)based on these results,we suggest the seismogenic fault for the M4.7 Feidong earthquake is either the Zhuding-Shimenshan fault,one of the major faults in the Tanlu fault zone,or a hidden fault to the east;the intersection of the NE-trending Tanlu fault zone and the WNW-trending Feizhong fault,along with significant velocity variations,likely create local stress concentrations which could have triggered the M4.7 Feidong earthquake sequence;(4)the strong aftershocks following the M4.7 Feidong mainshock did not further extend the fault rupture zone;the active period of the Zhuding-Shimenshan fault was the late Early Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene,and the imaging results indicate that this fault does not cut through the shallow Feidong depression.In conjunction with the small coseismic rupture area,it is inferred that the probability of surface-rupturing earthquakes in the future is relatively low.展开更多
The integration between advanced techniques for groundwater exploration is necessary to protect and to manage the vital resources. Enhanced Thematic Mapper Landsat (ETM+) images, a geographic information system (GIS),...The integration between advanced techniques for groundwater exploration is necessary to protect and to manage the vital resources. Enhanced Thematic Mapper Landsat (ETM+) images, a geographic information system (GIS), hydrological modeling and direct current (DC) resistivity geoelectrical techniques were used in integrated manner to identify the groundwater potentialities in the study area. The study area is approximately 1195 km2, located at the western portion of south Sinai. From the results of the eight thematic layers as input to GIS model, the suitable locations for dams could be estimated in the two main drainage basins Matulla and Tayiba.展开更多
New Sohag City has an area of approximately 1300 acres (546 hectares) and is located within Sohag Governorate limits, about 18 km away from old Sohag City. It is established to reduce the population within the old Soh...New Sohag City has an area of approximately 1300 acres (546 hectares) and is located within Sohag Governorate limits, about 18 km away from old Sohag City. It is established to reduce the population within the old Sohag city and to create better economic conditions in a new appropriate living environment. The main target of this study is to apply the relevant surface geophysical methods to image the shallow subsurface setting, to define the shallow lithological layers and to locate any geological structures that may be cause cracks in buildings, and any unstable materials, which may decrease the bearing capacity or human activities, hence increasing hazards in the study area. This study embraces, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Shallow Seismic Refraction (SSR), and Ground Penetrating Radar surveys (GPR). The integrated interpretation of all techniques classified the subsurface layers into two layers. A strong reflector separating the upper gravel and calcareous sandy layer from the lower clayey layer. They gave also interesting information about the geotechnical competent of the ground and some structural features in the study area.展开更多
The Zeit sand reservoir is one of the most prolific formations at Northwestern side of the Gulf of Suez.In this research we will try to coordinate between electrical,petrophysical properties,depositional environment a...The Zeit sand reservoir is one of the most prolific formations at Northwestern side of the Gulf of Suez.In this research we will try to coordinate between electrical,petrophysical properties,depositional environment and facies discrimination in order to evaluate the hydrocarbon potentiality of studied Zeit Formation.The statistical parameters for potassium(K),thorium(Th)and Th/U ratio contents have a general increase towards northwestern parts,whereas uranium(U)content has a general increase towards southeastern parts.The sandstone facies is distinguished from the other facies by its thorium content>4 ppm.U has high carbonate content(U≥1 ppm).Rocks'electrical properties vary greatly depending on a number of factors.Electrical measurements were taken at frequencies range of(5×10^(-4)Hz-100 kHz)for fully saturated samples(clayey sandstone)with NaCl(20 gm/L).As salinity,clay content,and frequency increase,consequently does the electrical properties.The continental condition are present in northwestern part(back-sea)which is distinguished by high K percent,high Th,high Th/U ratio,and low U contents.Low K,Th,and Th/U ratio contents,with high U contents,characterize the marine depositional environment that existed around the east and southeastern parts(foresea coincide with the dipping of strata).Furthermore,the studied Zeit Formation has good petrophysical properties that coincide with marine conditions.The middle and eastern parts(around ISS-94 and CSS-288)is a good reservoir(porosity 36%-39%,shale content<15%,hydrocarbon saturation 71%-92%,and net pay thickness 17-63 feet).展开更多
The Qom Formation is the most important hydrocarbon reservoir target in Central Iran.The Qom platform developed in a back-arc basin during the Oligo-Miocene due to the closing of the Tethyan Seaway.This formation cons...The Qom Formation is the most important hydrocarbon reservoir target in Central Iran.The Qom platform developed in a back-arc basin during the Oligo-Miocene due to the closing of the Tethyan Seaway.This formation consists of a variety of carbonate and non-carbonate facies deposited on a platform ranging from supratidal to basin.A combination of tectonic and eustatic events led to some lateral and vertical facies variations in the study area.Six third-order depositional sequences and related surfaces were identified regarding vertical facies changes in the studied sections of this Oligo-Miocene succession.According to all results and data,this succession was initially deposited during the Chattian upon a distally steepened ramp of siliciclastic-carbonate composition,including the Bouma sequence.Then,from the late Chattian to the Aquitanian,the platform changed into a homoclinal carbonate ramp with a gentle profile.With respect to tectonic activity,this phase was a calm period during the deposition of the Qom Formation.Finally,a drowned carbonate platform and a rimmed shelf emerged during the Burdigalian,terminated by the continental deposits of the Upper Red Formation.Regarding all geological characteristics,three main tectono-eustatic evolutionary phases have been recognized in the Qom back-arcbasin.展开更多
This research uses both three-dimensional(3D)modeling and geologic well control to piece back together the architectural parts of the Late Cretaceous formations.The goal is to figure out the sizes,directions,locations...This research uses both three-dimensional(3D)modeling and geologic well control to piece back together the architectural parts of the Late Cretaceous formations.The goal is to figure out the sizes,directions,locations,and controls of the layers of the fluvial sandstone reservoirs.Sequence stratigraphy is essential for 3D reservoir modeling and petroleum geology understanding in the Bahga oilfield.The purpose of this work is to create a static model that shows the layers and facies distribution in the reservoir interval.We will use data from nine well logs and 22 seismic lines calibrated by the Abu Roash G Member reservoir core intervals to accomplish this.The petrophysical study discovered three parts in the Abu Roash G Member reservoir rock:channel fill that is affected by tides,channel fill that is dominated by tides(intertidal sands),and channel top with lenticular bedded sandstone.The model's findings point to the existence of an NNW-oriented sand body,which could be a prime location to produce hydrocarbons.The original oil in place(OOIP)is about 3,438,279 Stock Tank Barrels(STB),and the oil reserve reaches up to 1,031,484(STB).Sequence stratigraphic analysis using seismic and well log information(SB)reveals that the Upper Cretaceous AR/G reservoir of the Bahga field is characterized by third-and fourth-order stratigraphic sequences,which are constrained by three Maximum Flooding Surfaces(MFS)and two Sequence Boundaries.The integration of the derived geological model and sequence stratigraphic results can lower future extraction risk by identifying the locations and trends of the geologic facies with the necessary petrophysical properties for the hydrocarbon accumulations.展开更多
Understanding the origins of potential source rocks and unraveling the intricate connections between reservoir oils and their source formations in the Siwa Basin(Western Desert,Egypt)necessitate a thorough oil-source ...Understanding the origins of potential source rocks and unraveling the intricate connections between reservoir oils and their source formations in the Siwa Basin(Western Desert,Egypt)necessitate a thorough oil-source correlation investigation.This objective is achieved through a meticulous analysis of well-log responses,Rock-Eval pyrolysis,and biomarker data.The analysis of Total Organic Carbon across 31 samples representing Paleozoic formations in the Siwa A-1X well reveals a spectrum of organic richness ranging from 0.17 wt%to 2.04 wt%,thereby highlighting diverse levels of organic content and the presence of both Type II and Type III kerogen.Examination of the fingerprint characteristics of eight samples from the well suggests that the Dhiffah Formation comprises a blend of terrestrial and marine organic matter.Notably,a significant contribution from more oxidized residual organic matter and gas-prone Type III kerogen is observed.Contrarily,the Desouky and Zeitoun formations exhibit mixed organic matter indicative of a transitional environment,and thus featuring a pronounced marine influence within a more reducing setting,which is associated with Type II kerogen.Through analysis of five oil samples from different wells—SIWA L-1X,SIWA R-3X,SIWA D-1X,PTAH 5X,and PTAH 6X,it is evident that terrestrial organic matter,augmented by considerable marine input,was deposited in an oxidizing environment,and contains Type III kerogen.Geochemical scrutiny confirms the coexistence of mixed terrestrial organic matter within varying redox environments.Noteworthy is the uniformity of identified kerogen Types II and III across all samples,known to have potential for hydrocarbon generation.The discovery presented in this paper unveils captivating prospects concerning the genesis of oil in the Jurassic Safa reservoir,suggesting potential links to Paleozoic sources or even originating from the Safa Member itself.These revelations mark a substantial advancement in understanding source rock dynamics and their intricate relationship with reservoir oils within the Siwa Basin.By illuminating the processes of hydrocarbon genesis in the region,this study significantly enriches our knowledge base.展开更多
The physical mechanism of heredity or inheritance of genes is a quantum mechanical and/or quantum computational process. A theory of bio-quantum genetics is established in this paper. Principle of Bio-quantum Genetics...The physical mechanism of heredity or inheritance of genes is a quantum mechanical and/or quantum computational process. A theory of bio-quantum genetics is established in this paper. Principle of Bio-quantum Genetics is suggested. I propose and define the soft-genes of genetics controlling the processes of heredity or inheritance of genes. This research deals with the quantum mechanisms of Mendel plant heredity and family inheritance as examples of bio-quantum genetics, deepening our understanding of heredity or inheritance. I believe that more contributions will be made to promote researches of bio-quantum genetics or quantum biology at large.展开更多
Seismic data is commonly acquired sparsely and irregularly, which necessitates the regularization of seismic data with anti-aliasing and anti-leakage methods during seismic data processing. We propose a novel method o...Seismic data is commonly acquired sparsely and irregularly, which necessitates the regularization of seismic data with anti-aliasing and anti-leakage methods during seismic data processing. We propose a novel method of 4D anti-aliasing and anti-leakage Fourier transform using a cube-removal strategy to address the combination of irregular sampling and aliasing in high-dimensional seismic data. We compute a weighting function by stacking the spectrum along the radial lines, apply this function to suppress the aliasing energy, and then iteratively pick the dominant amplitude cube to construct the Fourier spectrum. The proposed method is very efficient due to a cube removal strategy for accelerating the convergence of Fourier reconstruction and a well-designed parallel architecture using CPU/GPU collaborative computing. To better fill the acquisition holes from 5D seismic data and meanwhile considering the GPU memory limitation, we developed the anti-aliasing and anti-leakage Fourier transform method in 4D with the remaining spatial dimension looped. The entire workflow is composed of three steps: data splitting, 4D regularization, and data merging. Numerical tests on both synthetic and field data examples demonstrate the high efficiency and effectiveness of our approach.展开更多
This study aims to identify from geo-electrics the areas favorable to the in-stallation of drinking water supply(AEP)drilling in the sub-prefecture of Gbangbégouiné-Yati in order to contribute to a better di...This study aims to identify from geo-electrics the areas favorable to the in-stallation of drinking water supply(AEP)drilling in the sub-prefecture of Gbangbégouiné-Yati in order to contribute to a better distribution and manage-ment of water tables in the Department of Man.To achieve these objectives,pi ezometric maps and electrical resistivity maps were produced to understand the functioning of groundwater and to have the imaging of the subsoil.The piezometric maps revealed a regressive trend in the water level in the period from February 2024 to April 2024 and flow towards the lowlands in the north and,more mainly,in the east.Electrical resistivity imaging reveals three types of formations:conductive formations(resistivities between 100 and 1000 Ohm.m),medium resistivity formations(1000 to 3200 Ohm.m),and resistive formations(3200 to 6000 Ohm.m).Low resistivity formations likely to contain water in this locality are located between depths of 40 m and 50 m.展开更多
在系统介绍洞穴石笋高精度ICP-M S铀系年代学原理与方法的基础上,对贵州荔波县衙门洞Y 1石笋进行了ICP-M S 2 30 T h测年研究。综合分析认为精确时标的建立对于利用石笋进行古气候重建具有重要的实际意义;采用ICP-M S2 3 0 T h测年方法...在系统介绍洞穴石笋高精度ICP-M S铀系年代学原理与方法的基础上,对贵州荔波县衙门洞Y 1石笋进行了ICP-M S 2 30 T h测年研究。综合分析认为精确时标的建立对于利用石笋进行古气候重建具有重要的实际意义;采用ICP-M S2 3 0 T h测年方法进行石笋样品定年准确可靠,并且比T IM S方法具有更高的效率,所需样品更微量。通过生长速率变化分析表明,石笋生长速率记录了过去冷暖突变事件,因此可以用它作为一个有意义的环境记录替代指标来研究古降水及古气候变化。展开更多
基金The University of Malaya's postdoctoral fellowship program has been acknowledged by the first author and is associated with grant number IF064-2019the Department of Science and Technology (Project No. SB/S4/ES-681/2013), Government of India, for their supportthe Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R546) at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
文摘The Bikaner-Nagaur and Barmer Basins(Rajasthan)are the most important petroliferous sedimentary basins in India.For over a decade,the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in these basins.Paleocene-Eocene age rocks bear organic-rich sediments in these basins,including lignite and carbonaceous shale deposits.The present research investigates the source rock properties,petroleum potential and thermal maturity of the carbonaceous shale partings from the lignite mines of Gurha(Bikaner-Nagaur Basin)and Kapurdi(Barmer Basin)using petrographical and geochemical tools.The carbonaceous shales have high organic matter(OM),with considerable total organic carbon(TOC)contents ranging from 13%to 39%.Furthermore,they contain hydrogen-rich kerogen,including types II and II/III,as evidenced by the Rock-Eval and elemental analysis results.The existence of these kerogen types indicates the abundance of reactive(vitrinite and liptinite)macerals.However,the carbonaceous shales from the Bikaner–Nagaur Basin have oil generation potentials,with a high hydrogen index(up to 516 mg HC/g TOC)and a H/C ratio(up to 1.5)along with a significant presence of oil-prone liptinitic macerals.Apart from the geochemical and petrological results,the studied shales have low huminite reflectance(0.31%–0.48%),maximum temperature(S_(2) peak;Tmax)between 419℃ and 429℃,and low production index values(PI:0.01–0.03).These results indicate that these carbonaceous shales contain immature OM,and thereby,they cannot yet release commercial amount of oil.This immaturity level in the studied outcrop section is due to the shallow burial depth.Geochemical proxies further indicate the presence of both oil and gas-prone source rocks.
基金supported by the Anhui Province Science and Technology Breakthrough Plan Project(Key Project,No.202423l10050030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Fundamental Science Center Category B,No.4248830017)+4 种基金the Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2139204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(No.42104063)the Hefei Government Key Construction Project(No.2024BFFFD02048)the Earthquake Science and Technology Spark Program of the China Earthquake Administration(Nos.XH23020YA,XH24020B)the Anhui Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory Joint Open Fund(No.MENGO-202307).
文摘At 20:08,on September 18,2024,an M4.7 earthquake occurred along the Tanlu fault zone in the Feidong County of Hefei,Anhui Province.This earthquake is the largest event in the modern history of Hefei,which caused substantial social impact.To reveal the seismogenic structure of the M4.7 Feidong earthquake sequence and assess seismic risks,we use data from both the permanent seismic network and a temporary dense nodal array deployed in the epicentral region prior to the mainshock for:(1)accurate location of the earthquake sequence and determination of the focal mechanisms;(2)obtaining the spatiotemporal distribution,b-value,and half-day occurrence frequency of the earthquake sequence.The Sentinel-1 satellite data are used to analyze the coseismic displacement.Additionally,velocity models from regional tomography and local high-resolution 2D active-and passive-source surveys across the Tanlu fault zone in the epicentral area are also used to reveal the detailed geometry of the seismogenic fault.The results indicate:(1)the M4.7 Feidong earthquake sequence is concentrated around 10.5 km in depth along a NW-dipping,subvertical fault which trends NE and is approximately 5 km in length;the focal mechanism solution also reveals that the fault hosting the mainshock is a subvertical strike-slip fault,driven by the regional compressional stress in ENE-WSW;the coseismic horizontal displacement on the surface caused by the M4.7 mainshock has a maximum value close to 1 mm;(2)the regional velocity model shows significant lateral variation in v_(S) in the source region,with the mainshock occurring in the area with higher velocity;high-resolution P-wave velocity structures obtained by full waveform inversion from active sources,and S-wave velocity structures from passive-source ambient noise tomography indicate that the mainshock occurred along the boundary between high-and low-velocity bodies,and the seismogenic fault dips NW;the deep seismic reflection profiling shows that the mainshock occurred within the Jurassic strata;(3)based on these results,we suggest the seismogenic fault for the M4.7 Feidong earthquake is either the Zhuding-Shimenshan fault,one of the major faults in the Tanlu fault zone,or a hidden fault to the east;the intersection of the NE-trending Tanlu fault zone and the WNW-trending Feizhong fault,along with significant velocity variations,likely create local stress concentrations which could have triggered the M4.7 Feidong earthquake sequence;(4)the strong aftershocks following the M4.7 Feidong mainshock did not further extend the fault rupture zone;the active period of the Zhuding-Shimenshan fault was the late Early Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene,and the imaging results indicate that this fault does not cut through the shallow Feidong depression.In conjunction with the small coseismic rupture area,it is inferred that the probability of surface-rupturing earthquakes in the future is relatively low.
文摘The integration between advanced techniques for groundwater exploration is necessary to protect and to manage the vital resources. Enhanced Thematic Mapper Landsat (ETM+) images, a geographic information system (GIS), hydrological modeling and direct current (DC) resistivity geoelectrical techniques were used in integrated manner to identify the groundwater potentialities in the study area. The study area is approximately 1195 km2, located at the western portion of south Sinai. From the results of the eight thematic layers as input to GIS model, the suitable locations for dams could be estimated in the two main drainage basins Matulla and Tayiba.
文摘New Sohag City has an area of approximately 1300 acres (546 hectares) and is located within Sohag Governorate limits, about 18 km away from old Sohag City. It is established to reduce the population within the old Sohag city and to create better economic conditions in a new appropriate living environment. The main target of this study is to apply the relevant surface geophysical methods to image the shallow subsurface setting, to define the shallow lithological layers and to locate any geological structures that may be cause cracks in buildings, and any unstable materials, which may decrease the bearing capacity or human activities, hence increasing hazards in the study area. This study embraces, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Shallow Seismic Refraction (SSR), and Ground Penetrating Radar surveys (GPR). The integrated interpretation of all techniques classified the subsurface layers into two layers. A strong reflector separating the upper gravel and calcareous sandy layer from the lower clayey layer. They gave also interesting information about the geotechnical competent of the ground and some structural features in the study area.
文摘The Zeit sand reservoir is one of the most prolific formations at Northwestern side of the Gulf of Suez.In this research we will try to coordinate between electrical,petrophysical properties,depositional environment and facies discrimination in order to evaluate the hydrocarbon potentiality of studied Zeit Formation.The statistical parameters for potassium(K),thorium(Th)and Th/U ratio contents have a general increase towards northwestern parts,whereas uranium(U)content has a general increase towards southeastern parts.The sandstone facies is distinguished from the other facies by its thorium content>4 ppm.U has high carbonate content(U≥1 ppm).Rocks'electrical properties vary greatly depending on a number of factors.Electrical measurements were taken at frequencies range of(5×10^(-4)Hz-100 kHz)for fully saturated samples(clayey sandstone)with NaCl(20 gm/L).As salinity,clay content,and frequency increase,consequently does the electrical properties.The continental condition are present in northwestern part(back-sea)which is distinguished by high K percent,high Th,high Th/U ratio,and low U contents.Low K,Th,and Th/U ratio contents,with high U contents,characterize the marine depositional environment that existed around the east and southeastern parts(foresea coincide with the dipping of strata).Furthermore,the studied Zeit Formation has good petrophysical properties that coincide with marine conditions.The middle and eastern parts(around ISS-94 and CSS-288)is a good reservoir(porosity 36%-39%,shale content<15%,hydrocarbon saturation 71%-92%,and net pay thickness 17-63 feet).
文摘The Qom Formation is the most important hydrocarbon reservoir target in Central Iran.The Qom platform developed in a back-arc basin during the Oligo-Miocene due to the closing of the Tethyan Seaway.This formation consists of a variety of carbonate and non-carbonate facies deposited on a platform ranging from supratidal to basin.A combination of tectonic and eustatic events led to some lateral and vertical facies variations in the study area.Six third-order depositional sequences and related surfaces were identified regarding vertical facies changes in the studied sections of this Oligo-Miocene succession.According to all results and data,this succession was initially deposited during the Chattian upon a distally steepened ramp of siliciclastic-carbonate composition,including the Bouma sequence.Then,from the late Chattian to the Aquitanian,the platform changed into a homoclinal carbonate ramp with a gentle profile.With respect to tectonic activity,this phase was a calm period during the deposition of the Qom Formation.Finally,a drowned carbonate platform and a rimmed shelf emerged during the Burdigalian,terminated by the continental deposits of the Upper Red Formation.Regarding all geological characteristics,three main tectono-eustatic evolutionary phases have been recognized in the Qom back-arcbasin.
文摘This research uses both three-dimensional(3D)modeling and geologic well control to piece back together the architectural parts of the Late Cretaceous formations.The goal is to figure out the sizes,directions,locations,and controls of the layers of the fluvial sandstone reservoirs.Sequence stratigraphy is essential for 3D reservoir modeling and petroleum geology understanding in the Bahga oilfield.The purpose of this work is to create a static model that shows the layers and facies distribution in the reservoir interval.We will use data from nine well logs and 22 seismic lines calibrated by the Abu Roash G Member reservoir core intervals to accomplish this.The petrophysical study discovered three parts in the Abu Roash G Member reservoir rock:channel fill that is affected by tides,channel fill that is dominated by tides(intertidal sands),and channel top with lenticular bedded sandstone.The model's findings point to the existence of an NNW-oriented sand body,which could be a prime location to produce hydrocarbons.The original oil in place(OOIP)is about 3,438,279 Stock Tank Barrels(STB),and the oil reserve reaches up to 1,031,484(STB).Sequence stratigraphic analysis using seismic and well log information(SB)reveals that the Upper Cretaceous AR/G reservoir of the Bahga field is characterized by third-and fourth-order stratigraphic sequences,which are constrained by three Maximum Flooding Surfaces(MFS)and two Sequence Boundaries.The integration of the derived geological model and sequence stratigraphic results can lower future extraction risk by identifying the locations and trends of the geologic facies with the necessary petrophysical properties for the hydrocarbon accumulations.
基金the research project is funded by Abdullah Alrushaid Chair for Earth Science Remote Sensing Research at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.。
文摘Understanding the origins of potential source rocks and unraveling the intricate connections between reservoir oils and their source formations in the Siwa Basin(Western Desert,Egypt)necessitate a thorough oil-source correlation investigation.This objective is achieved through a meticulous analysis of well-log responses,Rock-Eval pyrolysis,and biomarker data.The analysis of Total Organic Carbon across 31 samples representing Paleozoic formations in the Siwa A-1X well reveals a spectrum of organic richness ranging from 0.17 wt%to 2.04 wt%,thereby highlighting diverse levels of organic content and the presence of both Type II and Type III kerogen.Examination of the fingerprint characteristics of eight samples from the well suggests that the Dhiffah Formation comprises a blend of terrestrial and marine organic matter.Notably,a significant contribution from more oxidized residual organic matter and gas-prone Type III kerogen is observed.Contrarily,the Desouky and Zeitoun formations exhibit mixed organic matter indicative of a transitional environment,and thus featuring a pronounced marine influence within a more reducing setting,which is associated with Type II kerogen.Through analysis of five oil samples from different wells—SIWA L-1X,SIWA R-3X,SIWA D-1X,PTAH 5X,and PTAH 6X,it is evident that terrestrial organic matter,augmented by considerable marine input,was deposited in an oxidizing environment,and contains Type III kerogen.Geochemical scrutiny confirms the coexistence of mixed terrestrial organic matter within varying redox environments.Noteworthy is the uniformity of identified kerogen Types II and III across all samples,known to have potential for hydrocarbon generation.The discovery presented in this paper unveils captivating prospects concerning the genesis of oil in the Jurassic Safa reservoir,suggesting potential links to Paleozoic sources or even originating from the Safa Member itself.These revelations mark a substantial advancement in understanding source rock dynamics and their intricate relationship with reservoir oils within the Siwa Basin.By illuminating the processes of hydrocarbon genesis in the region,this study significantly enriches our knowledge base.
文摘The physical mechanism of heredity or inheritance of genes is a quantum mechanical and/or quantum computational process. A theory of bio-quantum genetics is established in this paper. Principle of Bio-quantum Genetics is suggested. I propose and define the soft-genes of genetics controlling the processes of heredity or inheritance of genes. This research deals with the quantum mechanisms of Mendel plant heredity and family inheritance as examples of bio-quantum genetics, deepening our understanding of heredity or inheritance. I believe that more contributions will be made to promote researches of bio-quantum genetics or quantum biology at large.
文摘Seismic data is commonly acquired sparsely and irregularly, which necessitates the regularization of seismic data with anti-aliasing and anti-leakage methods during seismic data processing. We propose a novel method of 4D anti-aliasing and anti-leakage Fourier transform using a cube-removal strategy to address the combination of irregular sampling and aliasing in high-dimensional seismic data. We compute a weighting function by stacking the spectrum along the radial lines, apply this function to suppress the aliasing energy, and then iteratively pick the dominant amplitude cube to construct the Fourier spectrum. The proposed method is very efficient due to a cube removal strategy for accelerating the convergence of Fourier reconstruction and a well-designed parallel architecture using CPU/GPU collaborative computing. To better fill the acquisition holes from 5D seismic data and meanwhile considering the GPU memory limitation, we developed the anti-aliasing and anti-leakage Fourier transform method in 4D with the remaining spatial dimension looped. The entire workflow is composed of three steps: data splitting, 4D regularization, and data merging. Numerical tests on both synthetic and field data examples demonstrate the high efficiency and effectiveness of our approach.
文摘This study aims to identify from geo-electrics the areas favorable to the in-stallation of drinking water supply(AEP)drilling in the sub-prefecture of Gbangbégouiné-Yati in order to contribute to a better distribution and manage-ment of water tables in the Department of Man.To achieve these objectives,pi ezometric maps and electrical resistivity maps were produced to understand the functioning of groundwater and to have the imaging of the subsoil.The piezometric maps revealed a regressive trend in the water level in the period from February 2024 to April 2024 and flow towards the lowlands in the north and,more mainly,in the east.Electrical resistivity imaging reveals three types of formations:conductive formations(resistivities between 100 and 1000 Ohm.m),medium resistivity formations(1000 to 3200 Ohm.m),and resistive formations(3200 to 6000 Ohm.m).Low resistivity formations likely to contain water in this locality are located between depths of 40 m and 50 m.
文摘在系统介绍洞穴石笋高精度ICP-M S铀系年代学原理与方法的基础上,对贵州荔波县衙门洞Y 1石笋进行了ICP-M S 2 30 T h测年研究。综合分析认为精确时标的建立对于利用石笋进行古气候重建具有重要的实际意义;采用ICP-M S2 3 0 T h测年方法进行石笋样品定年准确可靠,并且比T IM S方法具有更高的效率,所需样品更微量。通过生长速率变化分析表明,石笋生长速率记录了过去冷暖突变事件,因此可以用它作为一个有意义的环境记录替代指标来研究古降水及古气候变化。
