The effects of selected land management practices （cross-sloping tillage, ridge culture, organic manure, and straw mulch） on soil water conservation in a southwestern mountainous area, China, were studied during Nov...The effects of selected land management practices （cross-sloping tillage, ridge culture, organic manure, and straw mulch） on soil water conservation in a southwestern mountainous area, China, were studied during November 2002 to November 2004. The experimental field is divided into three parts based on soil layer depths, 0-60 cm （part Ⅰ）, 0-40 cm （part Ⅱ）, and 0- 20 cm （part Ⅲ）, and they all had the same slope azimuth （SE）, slope （10°）, and slope type （linear）. The experimental plots were subjected to the following treatments： cross-sloping tillage （CST）; cross-sloping tillage with organic manure （CST/ OM）; cross-sloping tillage with straw mulch （CST/SM）; contour ridge culture （CRC）; contour ridge culture with organic manure （CRC/OM）; and contour ridge culture with straw mulch （CRC/SM）, to identify the effects of management practices on soil water. Water contents were determined for soil samples collected, using a 2.2 cm diameter manual probe. Soil water was monitored once every five days from Nov. 20, 2002 to Nov. 20, 2004. The results indicated that, in the study stages, an integration of rainfall, evaporative losses, and crop transcription controlled the basic tendencies of profile （mean） soil water, while land management practices, to a certain extent, only modified its amount, distribution, and routing. Moreover, these modifications also mainly focused on the first 20 cm depth of topsoil layer. When each management practice was compared with control treatment, season changes of profile （mean） soil water were pronounced, while interannual changes among them were not significant. More comparisons indicated that, in the study stages, contour ridge culture had better effects than cross-sloping tillage. And under the same tillage, the combination of organic manure could achieve more than straw mulch. These management practices should be recommended considering the effectiveness of soil and water management techniques in the southwestern mountainous area, China.展开更多
Global warming is causing melting of glaciers,which is affecting socioeconomic development.It is essential to study the combined influence of changes in structures of glaciers on human well-being and socioeconomic sys...Global warming is causing melting of glaciers,which is affecting socioeconomic development.It is essential to study the combined influence of changes in structures of glaciers on human well-being and socioeconomic systems.Herein,we considered Qilian Mountains as an example,quantified the regional socioeconomic benefits of glaciers and human well-being,and attempted to draw a correlation between glacier service value and human well-being.The findings of our study reveal that the value of glacier services in Qilian Mountains decreased from 1.84×10^(10)yuan in 1998 to 1.72×10^(10)yuan in 2018,with a spatial trend of circling down from the central region to the western and eastern regions.The distribution of human well-being showed an increasing trend,and a phenomenon of“low value central and western clustering,high value eastern sporadic distribution.”There is an increasing degree of coordination between human well-being and glacier services value;the spatial distribution shows a decreasing trend from the west to the east,with differences in the nature of coordinated development in different regions at the same coordination stage being obvious.We analyzed the changes in glacier services value and their relationship with human well-being from both micro and macro perspectives to provide theoretical support for formulating management strategies for glacier resource conservation and improving the interface between glacier service evaluation results and government decision-making.展开更多
Understandinng how futurre climate chaange impacts glaciers is crrucial to suustainable water supplies aand water resource managements..A calibrated ddegree-day glaacier mass baalance model and a volume-aarea scaling ...Understandinng how futurre climate chaange impacts glaciers is crrucial to suustainable water supplies aand water resource managements..A calibrated ddegree-day glaacier mass baalance model and a volume-aarea scaling approach wwere coupledd to quantitativeely assess thhe effect off future climate change onn the ice volume in thhe Beida RRiver catchment,Northeast TTibetan Plateeau.The ressults show that future mean mass loss off all glaciers will reach to 0.6628±0.058,00.676±0.058 aand 0.765±0.074×10^(8)m^(3)yr^(-1)under RCP 2.6,4.5 and 8.5,respectivvely,with 81%-996.2%ice voluume losses by the end off 21^(st)century.Fuuture mass balance tennds to be mmore negative unntil 2050 undder RCP 2.6,uuntil 2060 unnder RCP 4.5,annd until 21000 under RCPP 8.5.Glacierrs in the catchmment are likely experienciing or will soon experience the most inteense ice loss,,which may lead to negativee impact onn water resoources after the tipping poiint around 2015-2035.IIn the RCP 8.5 scenario,thhe summer mass balancee decreases with elevvation at the altitudinal beelt of 4650~55050 m a.s.l.duee to the variaation of elevaation structurre caused by acceelerating glaciers shrrinkage.Fuurther,the simulations aree sensitive tto the parammeterization scheme of glaccier area andd air tempeerature.The projjections havee the potentiaal to significanntly improve ourr understandiings of glacieer regime oveer data-poor regiions.展开更多
文摘The effects of selected land management practices （cross-sloping tillage, ridge culture, organic manure, and straw mulch） on soil water conservation in a southwestern mountainous area, China, were studied during November 2002 to November 2004. The experimental field is divided into three parts based on soil layer depths, 0-60 cm （part Ⅰ）, 0-40 cm （part Ⅱ）, and 0- 20 cm （part Ⅲ）, and they all had the same slope azimuth （SE）, slope （10°）, and slope type （linear）. The experimental plots were subjected to the following treatments： cross-sloping tillage （CST）; cross-sloping tillage with organic manure （CST/ OM）; cross-sloping tillage with straw mulch （CST/SM）; contour ridge culture （CRC）; contour ridge culture with organic manure （CRC/OM）; and contour ridge culture with straw mulch （CRC/SM）, to identify the effects of management practices on soil water. Water contents were determined for soil samples collected, using a 2.2 cm diameter manual probe. Soil water was monitored once every five days from Nov. 20, 2002 to Nov. 20, 2004. The results indicated that, in the study stages, an integration of rainfall, evaporative losses, and crop transcription controlled the basic tendencies of profile （mean） soil water, while land management practices, to a certain extent, only modified its amount, distribution, and routing. Moreover, these modifications also mainly focused on the first 20 cm depth of topsoil layer. When each management practice was compared with control treatment, season changes of profile （mean） soil water were pronounced, while interannual changes among them were not significant. More comparisons indicated that, in the study stages, contour ridge culture had better effects than cross-sloping tillage. And under the same tillage, the combination of organic manure could achieve more than straw mulch. These management practices should be recommended considering the effectiveness of soil and water management techniques in the southwestern mountainous area, China.
基金Shanxi Province Graduate Education and Teaching Reform Project,No.2023JG095Hebei Province Scholarship Program for Introducing Overseas Students,No.C20230510+4 种基金The Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.21JR7RA059Hebei Province Cultural and Art Science Planning and Tourism Research Project,No.HB23-YB063National Natural Science Foundation of China No.42001067State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,No.SKLCS-ZZ-2021Key Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province,No.22ZD6FA005。
文摘Global warming is causing melting of glaciers,which is affecting socioeconomic development.It is essential to study the combined influence of changes in structures of glaciers on human well-being and socioeconomic systems.Herein,we considered Qilian Mountains as an example,quantified the regional socioeconomic benefits of glaciers and human well-being,and attempted to draw a correlation between glacier service value and human well-being.The findings of our study reveal that the value of glacier services in Qilian Mountains decreased from 1.84×10^(10)yuan in 1998 to 1.72×10^(10)yuan in 2018,with a spatial trend of circling down from the central region to the western and eastern regions.The distribution of human well-being showed an increasing trend,and a phenomenon of“low value central and western clustering,high value eastern sporadic distribution.”There is an increasing degree of coordination between human well-being and glacier services value;the spatial distribution shows a decreasing trend from the west to the east,with differences in the nature of coordinated development in different regions at the same coordination stage being obvious.We analyzed the changes in glacier services value and their relationship with human well-being from both micro and macro perspectives to provide theoretical support for formulating management strategies for glacier resource conservation and improving the interface between glacier service evaluation results and government decision-making.
基金funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP,Grant No.2019QZKK0201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41801034)+2 种基金the“Key Research Programs in Frontier Sciences”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDY-SSW-DQC003)the Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province(202203021211258,20210302123248)the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Processes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(TEL201801)。
文摘Understandinng how futurre climate chaange impacts glaciers is crrucial to suustainable water supplies aand water resource managements..A calibrated ddegree-day glaacier mass baalance model and a volume-aarea scaling approach wwere coupledd to quantitativeely assess thhe effect off future climate change onn the ice volume in thhe Beida RRiver catchment,Northeast TTibetan Plateeau.The ressults show that future mean mass loss off all glaciers will reach to 0.6628±0.058,00.676±0.058 aand 0.765±0.074×10^(8)m^(3)yr^(-1)under RCP 2.6,4.5 and 8.5,respectivvely,with 81%-996.2%ice voluume losses by the end off 21^(st)century.Fuuture mass balance tennds to be mmore negative unntil 2050 undder RCP 2.6,uuntil 2060 unnder RCP 4.5,annd until 21000 under RCPP 8.5.Glacierrs in the catchmment are likely experienciing or will soon experience the most inteense ice loss,,which may lead to negativee impact onn water resoources after the tipping poiint around 2015-2035.IIn the RCP 8.5 scenario,thhe summer mass balancee decreases with elevvation at the altitudinal beelt of 4650~55050 m a.s.l.duee to the variaation of elevaation structurre caused by acceelerating glaciers shrrinkage.Fuurther,the simulations aree sensitive tto the parammeterization scheme of glaccier area andd air tempeerature.The projjections havee the potentiaal to significanntly improve ourr understandiings of glacieer regime oveer data-poor regiions.
