Based on the frequency of themes covered at the 35th International Geographical Congress(IGC)and the 2024 American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting(AAG-AM),we present an integrated analysis of current researc...Based on the frequency of themes covered at the 35th International Geographical Congress(IGC)and the 2024 American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting(AAG-AM),we present an integrated analysis of current research hotspots in geography.The interdisciplinary approach of geography in tackling global challenges,including climate change,urbanization,and sustainable development is highlighted.Hotspot analysis of the 35th IGC reveals the prominence of“Tourism,Leisure,and Global Change,”and“Urban Geography”as key themes,whereas the 2024 AAG-AM placed more emphasis on“GeoAI and Deep Learning,”and“Geospatial Data Science for Sustainability.”Frontier analysis,based on emerging research beyond the two conferences,highlights major critical issues being confronted by geographers,notably Earth’s surface systems,spatial patterns of human activities,intelligent remote sensing,climate change adaptation,biodiversity conservation,hazards and disaster risk,planetary boundaries,coupled human and natural systems,and global and regional sustainability.The analysis demonstrates that geographical research is becoming more diverse and systematic,and artificial intelligence technology is increasingly being harnessed.This not only reflects specific regional interests and priorities but also shows the dynamic development of geographical research and its important role in dealing with the challenges of the 21st century.展开更多
Soil organic carbon(SOC):total nitrogen(TN):total phosphorus(TP)(C:N:P)stoichiometry can give important information about biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.The spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of...Soil organic carbon(SOC):total nitrogen(TN):total phosphorus(TP)(C:N:P)stoichiometry can give important information about biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.The spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of soil C:N:P ratios are still poorly understood on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China.In this study,we therefore combined data of the geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics from 319 sites across the plateau to investigate their relationships with the horizontal and vertical patterns of SOC,TN,and TP concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios(C:N and N:P).We observed higher SOC(30.5–46.8 mg g^(-1)),TN(2.4–3.4 mg g^(-1)),C:N(14.7–18.0),and N:P(6.9–8.0)in alpine meadows,forests,and shrublands and higher TP(1.6 mg g^(-1))in croplands.Overall,SOC,TN,TP,C:N,and N:P showed decreasing trends(by 67%,64%,19%,12%,and 54%,respectively)along the whole soil profile(0–100 cm).Soil cation exchange capacity and bulk density were the stronger environmental drivers of SOC and TN.Soil TP showed latitudinal and longitudinal increasing trends in all soil layers.Soil properties explained most of the variations in SOC(67%–90%),TN(67%–87%),C:N(61%–89%),and N:P(64%–85%),with increasing impacts along the soil profile.Geography and climate influenced soil TP directly and indirectly through their impacts on soil properties,with geography being the predominant driver(46%–65%)along the soil profile.The variation in soil C:N was mostly driven by SOC and TN,and the direct and indirect effects of the environmental factors were relatively weak.Geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics indirectly impacted soil N:P through their impacts on TN and TP in all the soil layers.Altogether,our findings illuminate the relative contributions of geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics to soil C:N and N:P,thus enhancing our understanding of C,N,and P cycling across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
Biological collections are critical for the understanding of species distributions and for formulating biodiversity conservation strategies.However,biological collections are susceptible to various biases,including th...Biological collections are critical for the understanding of species distributions and for formulating biodiversity conservation strategies.However,biological collections are susceptible to various biases,including the“road-map effect”,meaning that the geography of biological collections can be influenced by road networks.Here,using species occurrence records derived from 921,233 plant specimens,we quantified the intensity of the“road-map effect”on floristic collections of China,and investigated its relationships with various environmental and socio-economic variables.Species occurrence records mainly distributed in major mountain ranges,while lowlands were underrepresented.The distance of species occurrence records to the nearest road decreased from 19.54 km in 1960s to 3.58 km in 2010s.These records showed significant clustering within 5 km and 10 km buffer zones of roads.The road density surrounding these records was significantly higher than that in random patterns.Collectively,our results confirmed a significant“road-map effect”in the floristic collections of China,and this effect has substantially intensified from the 1960s to the 2010s,even after controlling for the impact of road network expansion.Topographic,climatic and socio-economic variables that determine regional species diversity,vegetation cover and human impact on vegetation played crucial roles in predicting the intensity of the“road-map effect”.Our findings indicate that biological surveys have become increasingly dependent on road networks,a trend rarely reported in published studies.Future floristic surveys in China should prioritize the lowland areas that have experienced stronger human disturbances,as well as remote areas that may harbor more unique and rare species.展开更多
With the continuous increase of rapid urbanization and population growth,sustainable urban land-use planning is becoming a more complex and challenging task for urban planners and decision-makers.Multi-objective land-...With the continuous increase of rapid urbanization and population growth,sustainable urban land-use planning is becoming a more complex and challenging task for urban planners and decision-makers.Multi-objective land-use allocation can be regarded as a complex spatial optimization problem that aims to achieve the possible trade-offs among multiple and conflicting objectives.This paper proposes an improved Non-dominated Sorting Biogeography-Based Optimization(NSBBO)algorithm for solving the multi-objective land-use allocation problem,in which maximum accessibility,maximum compactness,and maximum spatial integration were formulated as spatial objectives;and space syntax analysis was used to analyze the potential movement patterns in the new urban planning area of the city of Kigali,Rwanda.Efficient Non-dominated Sorting(ENS)algorithm and crossover operator were integrated into classical NSBBO to improve the quality of non-dominated solutions,and local search ability,and to accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm.The results showed that the proposed NSBBO exhibited good optimal solutions with a high hypervolume index compared to the classical NSBBO.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm could generate optimal land use scenarios according to the preferred objectives,thus having the potential to support the decision-making of urban planners and stockholders in revising and updating the existing detailed master plan of land use.展开更多
The world is facing dramatic challenges related to environmental sustainability at an accelerating pace.In this context,the field of economic geography(EG)has been playing an important role in understanding both the s...The world is facing dramatic challenges related to environmental sustainability at an accelerating pace.In this context,the field of economic geography(EG)has been playing an important role in understanding both the socioeconomic and technological dimensions of these challenges,as it deals with a variety of complementary notions and perspectives.Departing from this lens,our aim is to explore a conceptual framework that can help us to understand environmental changes relating to multi-dimensional territorial development,notably in eco-nomic contexts where inequality is high,and stratification based on hierarchies regulate social and economic life.Based on the territory concept,we propose the original notion of a hierarchical regional innovation system(HRIS)that emphasises the pervasive role of hierarchies(powers)in regional innovation systems and illustrate its value with evidence and case studies from extant literature on sustainability transitions.The HRIS can help us understand and promote development paths considering the contribution of inclusive eco-innovations(another original conceptual amalgam).Through some empirical cases from other studies in low-carbon transitions,we show the application of the HRIS(and inclusive eco-innovation)framework.In conclusion,we provide incen-tives to explore new regional innovation systems,alongside the HRIS,adapted to different regions worldwide and centred on the inclusiveness of people and places.展开更多
There is currently considerable interest in what degrowth compatible business practices may be and what they may look like.However,while the embeddedness of a degrowth business in the wider environment has been recogn...There is currently considerable interest in what degrowth compatible business practices may be and what they may look like.However,while the embeddedness of a degrowth business in the wider environment has been recognised,and this affects theorising of practices and principles,there remains a need to seriously consider the inter-connection between degrowth business and its surrounding environment as a physical and cultural space.To avoid merely hinting at geographical concepts such as space,place,and location,a better approach is establishing a dialogue between degrowth business and geography.To do this,I use the degrowth business framework and connect its elements with the concepts of space,place,and location.This analysis shows that each of the elements is intimately inter-related with geographical concepts and needs to be thought of,theorised,and implemented as such.I conclude that geographical concepts should not be merely implied when theorising degrowth business.Rather,looking at degrowth business through various lenses provided by geographies is indispensable for making degrowth reality in diverse locations.展开更多
The interaction between urban space and individual behavior has led to essential social, economic and environmental consequences. Behavioral geography provides a new effective theoretical and methodological framework ...The interaction between urban space and individual behavior has led to essential social, economic and environmental consequences. Behavioral geography provides a new effective theoretical and methodological framework to investigate behavior patterns in cities. In recent years, behavior approach has become an influential analytical paradigm in Chinese urban geography. This paper provides an overview of behavioral geography research in China, by introducing the theoretical and empirical progress in behavior analysis. It is argued that behavioral approach offers a new perspective to understanding China＇s urban sociospatial reconstruction and addressing social and environmental issues at micro scale. Although theoretical development still lags behind developed countries, Chinese scholars have made much progress in empirical investigations of classical socio-spatial behavior theories. This paper also provides an overview of new trends in Chinese behavioral geography that has started to apply the behavioral approach to urban social, economic and environmental issues. This paper suggests that social dimensions of behavior should be addressed more comprehensively and rigorously by using interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological frameworks, to better understand the complexity of Chinese cities and research the critical social and environmental issues in cities.展开更多
The world is changing at an accelerating pace due to increased human exploitation of the earth’s resources and the consequent climate change and biodiversity loss crises.As a transdisciplinary discipline studying the...The world is changing at an accelerating pace due to increased human exploitation of the earth’s resources and the consequent climate change and biodiversity loss crises.As a transdisciplinary discipline studying the coupled human and nature systems and their interactions,Geography has natural advantages to promote sustainable development.With the aim of stimulating sustainable development in the Anthropocene,the International Geography and Sustainability Workshop 2021 was held virtually during 23-24 November 2021.This editorial briefly reviews the development history of Geography,summarizes the presentations of keynote speakers,outlines the overall research framework,and discusses the future directions by which the discipline of Geography can be harnessed to advance sustainable development.The key outcomes are as follows:(1)The research paradigms of Geography are shifting from basic knowledge acquisition to understanding of coupling patterns and processes,and to the simulation and prediction of complex human-earth systems;(2)Landscape sustainability science and the metacoupling concept are emerging as new comprehensive research perspectives,and the framework of“Pattern—Process—Service—Sustainability”can be used as a basis to underpin Geography’s role in sustainability;(3)Geography can support sustainable development in many ways,such as in agricultural development,disaster and risk monitoring and early warning,global climate change mitigation,and in helping to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Future research directions include:integrated geographical research on climate change and sustainable resource utilization;integrated geographical research on social and economic sustainable development;sustainable cascades of ecosystem structure,functions,services,and human well-being;metacoupling for sustainability;safe and justice space boundaries;the classification-coordination-collaboration approach;and geographical education for sustainable development.展开更多
The expansion and upgrading of Chinese industries have accompanied with the spatial restructuring process across the country. This paper provides a literature review on China's industrial geography, paying special...The expansion and upgrading of Chinese industries have accompanied with the spatial restructuring process across the country. This paper provides a literature review on China's industrial geography, paying special attention to industrial agglomeration and industrial clusters. The increasing industrial agglomeration and development of industrial clusters have been the prominent characteristics of dynamics of industrial landscape in China. The major driving forces of China's industrial geography include economic globalization, decentralization and regional competition and rebuilding of regional advantages. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research focus.展开更多
This paper analyzes the role of the National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC） in advancing human geography in China by focusing on five key research areas： land use, urban systems and urban agglomeration, ...This paper analyzes the role of the National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC） in advancing human geography in China by focusing on five key research areas： land use, urban systems and urban agglomeration, economic globalization, climate change and social and cultural geographies. All NSFC-funded human geography programs related to these five topics from 1986 to 2017 comprise the sample for analysis, and the research topics, content, teams, and peer-reviewed journal publications supported by these programs are investigated. Specifically, this paper analyzes the NSFC＇s promotion of the expansion of research topics in response to national developmental needs and the shifting frontiers of human geography research internationally, its enhancement of interdisciplinary research, and its contributions to the assembly of specialized research teams. The paper also reports important progress in Chinese human geography over the past 30 years through the institutional lens of the NSFC, revealing major characteristics and trends in the discipline. The paper concludes by calling for further collaboration between the research community and the NSFC for the development of a locally suitable and globally influential Chinese human geography.展开更多
As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relativel...As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930– 1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21 st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems.展开更多
The sediment content of the Yellow River is resulted from the interactions of natural, economic, and social factors, so it includes some evolutive information of the Yellow River Basin system. Sediment contents from 1...The sediment content of the Yellow River is resulted from the interactions of natural, economic, and social factors, so it includes some evolutive information of the Yellow River Basin system. Sediment contents from 1952 to 2007 on Toudaoguai, Tongguan, Huayuankou and Lijin sections along the river are chosen as the study time series, and correlation dimensions （D2）, Kolmogorov entropies （K2）, and Hurst indexes （H） of the time series were calculated. Correlation dimensions on Toudaoguai, Tongguan, Huayuankou, and Lijin sections are 3.24, 5.69, 6.57 and 7.34 respectively, and the Kolmogorov entropies are 0.13, 0.37, 0.40 and 0.38 respectively, which indicates that the systems controlled by different sections along the Yellow River are chaotic systems and the chaotic degrees increase gradually from the upper to lower section. The average predictable period of the sediment contents is 8 years on Toudaoguai section and 3 years on the other sections with the reciprocals of the Kolmogorov entropies. The more obvious the chaotic degree is, the shorter the average predictable period is. Hurst indexes on the sections are above 0.5, with the maximum of 0.86 on Tongguan section and the minimum of 0.68 on Toudaoguai section, which indicates that the time series have persistent trends in the average predictable period. Eight state variables and two control parameters are necessary to construct the dynamic model of the Yellow River Basin system.展开更多
This paper reviews the progress of population geography in China since the 1980 s. The review results suggest that contrary to the common perception of its invisibility and marginalized status in the field, tremendous...This paper reviews the progress of population geography in China since the 1980 s. The review results suggest that contrary to the common perception of its invisibility and marginalized status in the field, tremendous progress has been made in population geography in China since the 1980 s. Population geographers have made significant contribution to the understanding of a wide range of population issues from geographical perspectives, including migration, urbanization, population distribution, the relationships between population, environment and resources, aging, marriage patterns, and migrants＇ crimes, although such contribution often did not appear in the geographical circle. Furthermore, population geographers have played an indispensable role in revitalizing population studies in China and forging its links to human geography, occupying an important position in this multi-disciplinary field. Population geographers＇ contribution to the areas of migration and urbanization research has been particularly significant, reflected in their leading roles in these areas＇ research. The paper demonstrates that as latecomers in the field after more than 20 years of isolation, population geographers in China have gone through a process of catching up and increasing engagement with developments in social sciences and increasing interaction with social scientists since the 1980 s, and have benefited greatly from it; however, there is a tendency for population geography to be increasingly alienated from the main stream human geography, a phenomenon similar to but not exactly the same as Anglo-American geography in the late 1990 s and early 2000 s. The paper argues that population geography is only half way in the course to forge the links between population studies and human geography, and it needs to return to geographical sciences to strike a healthy balance between the field of population studies and that of human geography, and promote its further development in a multi-disciplinary field.展开更多
The climate paleogeography,especially the climate classifications,helps to interpret the global and regional climate changes and intuitively compare the climate conditions in different regions.However,the application ...The climate paleogeography,especially the climate classifications,helps to interpret the global and regional climate changes and intuitively compare the climate conditions in different regions.However,the application of climate classification in deep time(i.e.,climate paleogeography)is prohibited due to the usually qualitatively constrained paleoclimate and the inconsistent descriptions and semantic heterogeneity of the climate types.In this study,a climate paleogeography knowledge graph is established under the framework of the Deep-Time Digital Earth program(DDE).The hierarchical knowledge graph consists of five paleoclimate classifications based on various strategies.The classifications are described and their strengths and weaknesses are fully evaluated in four aspects:“simplicity,applicability,quantifiability,and comparability”.We also reconstruct the global climate distributions in the Late Cretaceous according to these classifications.The results are compared and the relationships among these climate types in different classifications are evaluated.Our study unifies scientific concepts from different paleoclimate classifications,which provides an important theoretical basis for the application of paleoclimate classifications in deep time.展开更多
In this paper,we review the research progress in development geography since the 20th century,focusing on its connotation and theory,fields,methods,and development trends.Specifically,we systematically review the rese...In this paper,we review the research progress in development geography since the 20th century,focusing on its connotation and theory,fields,methods,and development trends.Specifically,we systematically review the research and applications of development geography,comprising fields such as the convergence of underdeveloped countries and regions,and the convergence of the process of improving the quality of life in developed countries and regions.Then,based on an analysis of research progress in development geography in foreign countries,we examine the development conditions and disciplinary advantages of development geography in China.Further,we highlight that future development geography research in China should focus on the latest international academic research and China’s national macro-strategic needs.Future research in development geography should be guided by the theory of sustainable development,the core of which is to improve sustainable livelihood capacity and regional green development levels in underdeveloped regions.This core includes the construction of industrial policy and development geography theory,as well as an interdisciplinary integrated research system.The focus must be placed on researching the spatial patterns,diffusion characteristics,and the convergence mechanism of regional development.Such a focus will facilitate exploration of the regulatory policies and scientific paths that serve regional economic construction and industrial development.展开更多
We have made progress in medico-chemical geography as follows: the correlative law of organism with geochemical environment; the geochemico-ecological classification of chemical elements; the types of formative cause ...We have made progress in medico-chemical geography as follows: the correlative law of organism with geochemical environment; the geochemico-ecological classification of chemical elements; the types of formative cause of biogeochemical provinces in China; the parabolic correlation between contents of iodine in drinking water and prevalence rate of endemic goiter; the discovery and proof of the low selenium zone in China; the successive discovery of endemic fluorosis of the types of pollution from burning coal, drinking high fluoride tea and high fluoride table salt from the year 1978; the study on chemical geography of schistosomiasis and the compilation of the Atlas of Endemic Diseases and Their Environments in the People’s Republic of China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42430505,42201299)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.2023QNRC001).
文摘Based on the frequency of themes covered at the 35th International Geographical Congress(IGC)and the 2024 American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting(AAG-AM),we present an integrated analysis of current research hotspots in geography.The interdisciplinary approach of geography in tackling global challenges,including climate change,urbanization,and sustainable development is highlighted.Hotspot analysis of the 35th IGC reveals the prominence of“Tourism,Leisure,and Global Change,”and“Urban Geography”as key themes,whereas the 2024 AAG-AM placed more emphasis on“GeoAI and Deep Learning,”and“Geospatial Data Science for Sustainability.”Frontier analysis,based on emerging research beyond the two conferences,highlights major critical issues being confronted by geographers,notably Earth’s surface systems,spatial patterns of human activities,intelligent remote sensing,climate change adaptation,biodiversity conservation,hazards and disaster risk,planetary boundaries,coupled human and natural systems,and global and regional sustainability.The analysis demonstrates that geographical research is becoming more diverse and systematic,and artificial intelligence technology is increasingly being harnessed.This not only reflects specific regional interests and priorities but also shows the dynamic development of geographical research and its important role in dealing with the challenges of the 21st century.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program of China(No.2019QZKK0306-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42322102 and 42271058)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2021310)the Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2022FY100202)
文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC):total nitrogen(TN):total phosphorus(TP)(C:N:P)stoichiometry can give important information about biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.The spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of soil C:N:P ratios are still poorly understood on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China.In this study,we therefore combined data of the geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics from 319 sites across the plateau to investigate their relationships with the horizontal and vertical patterns of SOC,TN,and TP concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios(C:N and N:P).We observed higher SOC(30.5–46.8 mg g^(-1)),TN(2.4–3.4 mg g^(-1)),C:N(14.7–18.0),and N:P(6.9–8.0)in alpine meadows,forests,and shrublands and higher TP(1.6 mg g^(-1))in croplands.Overall,SOC,TN,TP,C:N,and N:P showed decreasing trends(by 67%,64%,19%,12%,and 54%,respectively)along the whole soil profile(0–100 cm).Soil cation exchange capacity and bulk density were the stronger environmental drivers of SOC and TN.Soil TP showed latitudinal and longitudinal increasing trends in all soil layers.Soil properties explained most of the variations in SOC(67%–90%),TN(67%–87%),C:N(61%–89%),and N:P(64%–85%),with increasing impacts along the soil profile.Geography and climate influenced soil TP directly and indirectly through their impacts on soil properties,with geography being the predominant driver(46%–65%)along the soil profile.The variation in soil C:N was mostly driven by SOC and TN,and the direct and indirect effects of the environmental factors were relatively weak.Geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics indirectly impacted soil N:P through their impacts on TN and TP in all the soil layers.Altogether,our findings illuminate the relative contributions of geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics to soil C:N and N:P,thus enhancing our understanding of C,N,and P cycling across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460276,32060275)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232BAB203058,20242BAB27001)。
文摘Biological collections are critical for the understanding of species distributions and for formulating biodiversity conservation strategies.However,biological collections are susceptible to various biases,including the“road-map effect”,meaning that the geography of biological collections can be influenced by road networks.Here,using species occurrence records derived from 921,233 plant specimens,we quantified the intensity of the“road-map effect”on floristic collections of China,and investigated its relationships with various environmental and socio-economic variables.Species occurrence records mainly distributed in major mountain ranges,while lowlands were underrepresented.The distance of species occurrence records to the nearest road decreased from 19.54 km in 1960s to 3.58 km in 2010s.These records showed significant clustering within 5 km and 10 km buffer zones of roads.The road density surrounding these records was significantly higher than that in random patterns.Collectively,our results confirmed a significant“road-map effect”in the floristic collections of China,and this effect has substantially intensified from the 1960s to the 2010s,even after controlling for the impact of road network expansion.Topographic,climatic and socio-economic variables that determine regional species diversity,vegetation cover and human impact on vegetation played crucial roles in predicting the intensity of the“road-map effect”.Our findings indicate that biological surveys have become increasingly dependent on road networks,a trend rarely reported in published studies.Future floristic surveys in China should prioritize the lowland areas that have experienced stronger human disturbances,as well as remote areas that may harbor more unique and rare species.
基金supported by the Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete.
文摘With the continuous increase of rapid urbanization and population growth,sustainable urban land-use planning is becoming a more complex and challenging task for urban planners and decision-makers.Multi-objective land-use allocation can be regarded as a complex spatial optimization problem that aims to achieve the possible trade-offs among multiple and conflicting objectives.This paper proposes an improved Non-dominated Sorting Biogeography-Based Optimization(NSBBO)algorithm for solving the multi-objective land-use allocation problem,in which maximum accessibility,maximum compactness,and maximum spatial integration were formulated as spatial objectives;and space syntax analysis was used to analyze the potential movement patterns in the new urban planning area of the city of Kigali,Rwanda.Efficient Non-dominated Sorting(ENS)algorithm and crossover operator were integrated into classical NSBBO to improve the quality of non-dominated solutions,and local search ability,and to accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm.The results showed that the proposed NSBBO exhibited good optimal solutions with a high hypervolume index compared to the classical NSBBO.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm could generate optimal land use scenarios according to the preferred objectives,thus having the potential to support the decision-making of urban planners and stockholders in revising and updating the existing detailed master plan of land use.
基金support from the Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning(CEGOT)funded by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the reference UIDB/04084/2020.
文摘The world is facing dramatic challenges related to environmental sustainability at an accelerating pace.In this context,the field of economic geography(EG)has been playing an important role in understanding both the socioeconomic and technological dimensions of these challenges,as it deals with a variety of complementary notions and perspectives.Departing from this lens,our aim is to explore a conceptual framework that can help us to understand environmental changes relating to multi-dimensional territorial development,notably in eco-nomic contexts where inequality is high,and stratification based on hierarchies regulate social and economic life.Based on the territory concept,we propose the original notion of a hierarchical regional innovation system(HRIS)that emphasises the pervasive role of hierarchies(powers)in regional innovation systems and illustrate its value with evidence and case studies from extant literature on sustainability transitions.The HRIS can help us understand and promote development paths considering the contribution of inclusive eco-innovations(another original conceptual amalgam).Through some empirical cases from other studies in low-carbon transitions,we show the application of the HRIS(and inclusive eco-innovation)framework.In conclusion,we provide incen-tives to explore new regional innovation systems,alongside the HRIS,adapted to different regions worldwide and centred on the inclusiveness of people and places.
文摘There is currently considerable interest in what degrowth compatible business practices may be and what they may look like.However,while the embeddedness of a degrowth business in the wider environment has been recognised,and this affects theorising of practices and principles,there remains a need to seriously consider the inter-connection between degrowth business and its surrounding environment as a physical and cultural space.To avoid merely hinting at geographical concepts such as space,place,and location,a better approach is establishing a dialogue between degrowth business and geography.To do this,I use the degrowth business framework and connect its elements with the concepts of space,place,and location.This analysis shows that each of the elements is intimately inter-related with geographical concepts and needs to be thought of,theorised,and implemented as such.I conclude that geographical concepts should not be merely implied when theorising degrowth business.Rather,looking at degrowth business through various lenses provided by geographies is indispensable for making degrowth reality in diverse locations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41529101,No.41571144China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2015M580305
文摘The interaction between urban space and individual behavior has led to essential social, economic and environmental consequences. Behavioral geography provides a new effective theoretical and methodological framework to investigate behavior patterns in cities. In recent years, behavior approach has become an influential analytical paradigm in Chinese urban geography. This paper provides an overview of behavioral geography research in China, by introducing the theoretical and empirical progress in behavior analysis. It is argued that behavioral approach offers a new perspective to understanding China＇s urban sociospatial reconstruction and addressing social and environmental issues at micro scale. Although theoretical development still lags behind developed countries, Chinese scholars have made much progress in empirical investigations of classical socio-spatial behavior theories. This paper also provides an overview of new trends in Chinese behavioral geography that has started to apply the behavioral approach to urban social, economic and environmental issues. This paper suggests that social dimensions of behavior should be addressed more comprehensively and rigorously by using interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological frameworks, to better understand the complexity of Chinese cities and research the critical social and environmental issues in cities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42042026,L1924041)Research Project on the Discipline Development Strategy of Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XK2019DXC006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘The world is changing at an accelerating pace due to increased human exploitation of the earth’s resources and the consequent climate change and biodiversity loss crises.As a transdisciplinary discipline studying the coupled human and nature systems and their interactions,Geography has natural advantages to promote sustainable development.With the aim of stimulating sustainable development in the Anthropocene,the International Geography and Sustainability Workshop 2021 was held virtually during 23-24 November 2021.This editorial briefly reviews the development history of Geography,summarizes the presentations of keynote speakers,outlines the overall research framework,and discusses the future directions by which the discipline of Geography can be harnessed to advance sustainable development.The key outcomes are as follows:(1)The research paradigms of Geography are shifting from basic knowledge acquisition to understanding of coupling patterns and processes,and to the simulation and prediction of complex human-earth systems;(2)Landscape sustainability science and the metacoupling concept are emerging as new comprehensive research perspectives,and the framework of“Pattern—Process—Service—Sustainability”can be used as a basis to underpin Geography’s role in sustainability;(3)Geography can support sustainable development in many ways,such as in agricultural development,disaster and risk monitoring and early warning,global climate change mitigation,and in helping to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Future research directions include:integrated geographical research on climate change and sustainable resource utilization;integrated geographical research on social and economic sustainable development;sustainable cascades of ecosystem structure,functions,services,and human well-being;metacoupling for sustainability;safe and justice space boundaries;the classification-coordination-collaboration approach;and geographical education for sustainable development.
基金National Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.41425001
文摘The expansion and upgrading of Chinese industries have accompanied with the spatial restructuring process across the country. This paper provides a literature review on China's industrial geography, paying special attention to industrial agglomeration and industrial clusters. The increasing industrial agglomeration and development of industrial clusters have been the prominent characteristics of dynamics of industrial landscape in China. The major driving forces of China's industrial geography include economic globalization, decentralization and regional competition and rebuilding of regional advantages. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research focus.
文摘This paper analyzes the role of the National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC） in advancing human geography in China by focusing on five key research areas： land use, urban systems and urban agglomeration, economic globalization, climate change and social and cultural geographies. All NSFC-funded human geography programs related to these five topics from 1986 to 2017 comprise the sample for analysis, and the research topics, content, teams, and peer-reviewed journal publications supported by these programs are investigated. Specifically, this paper analyzes the NSFC＇s promotion of the expansion of research topics in response to national developmental needs and the shifting frontiers of human geography research internationally, its enhancement of interdisciplinary research, and its contributions to the assembly of specialized research teams. The paper also reports important progress in Chinese human geography over the past 30 years through the institutional lens of the NSFC, revealing major characteristics and trends in the discipline. The paper concludes by calling for further collaboration between the research community and the NSFC for the development of a locally suitable and globally influential Chinese human geography.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41171107No.41371143
文摘As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930– 1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21 st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40601105 Key Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province, No.0721021500
文摘The sediment content of the Yellow River is resulted from the interactions of natural, economic, and social factors, so it includes some evolutive information of the Yellow River Basin system. Sediment contents from 1952 to 2007 on Toudaoguai, Tongguan, Huayuankou and Lijin sections along the river are chosen as the study time series, and correlation dimensions （D2）, Kolmogorov entropies （K2）, and Hurst indexes （H） of the time series were calculated. Correlation dimensions on Toudaoguai, Tongguan, Huayuankou, and Lijin sections are 3.24, 5.69, 6.57 and 7.34 respectively, and the Kolmogorov entropies are 0.13, 0.37, 0.40 and 0.38 respectively, which indicates that the systems controlled by different sections along the Yellow River are chaotic systems and the chaotic degrees increase gradually from the upper to lower section. The average predictable period of the sediment contents is 8 years on Toudaoguai section and 3 years on the other sections with the reciprocals of the Kolmogorov entropies. The more obvious the chaotic degree is, the shorter the average predictable period is. Hurst indexes on the sections are above 0.5, with the maximum of 0.86 on Tongguan section and the minimum of 0.68 on Toudaoguai section, which indicates that the time series have persistent trends in the average predictable period. Eight state variables and two control parameters are necessary to construct the dynamic model of the Yellow River Basin system.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41471132,No.41501163
文摘This paper reviews the progress of population geography in China since the 1980 s. The review results suggest that contrary to the common perception of its invisibility and marginalized status in the field, tremendous progress has been made in population geography in China since the 1980 s. Population geographers have made significant contribution to the understanding of a wide range of population issues from geographical perspectives, including migration, urbanization, population distribution, the relationships between population, environment and resources, aging, marriage patterns, and migrants＇ crimes, although such contribution often did not appear in the geographical circle. Furthermore, population geographers have played an indispensable role in revitalizing population studies in China and forging its links to human geography, occupying an important position in this multi-disciplinary field. Population geographers＇ contribution to the areas of migration and urbanization research has been particularly significant, reflected in their leading roles in these areas＇ research. The paper demonstrates that as latecomers in the field after more than 20 years of isolation, population geographers in China have gone through a process of catching up and increasing engagement with developments in social sciences and increasing interaction with social scientists since the 1980 s, and have benefited greatly from it; however, there is a tendency for population geography to be increasingly alienated from the main stream human geography, a phenomenon similar to but not exactly the same as Anglo-American geography in the late 1990 s and early 2000 s. The paper argues that population geography is only half way in the course to forge the links between population studies and human geography, and it needs to return to geographical sciences to strike a healthy balance between the field of population studies and that of human geography, and promote its further development in a multi-disciplinary field.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan of China(Grant No.2018YFE0204204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42050104,41790455,and 42072116).
文摘The climate paleogeography,especially the climate classifications,helps to interpret the global and regional climate changes and intuitively compare the climate conditions in different regions.However,the application of climate classification in deep time(i.e.,climate paleogeography)is prohibited due to the usually qualitatively constrained paleoclimate and the inconsistent descriptions and semantic heterogeneity of the climate types.In this study,a climate paleogeography knowledge graph is established under the framework of the Deep-Time Digital Earth program(DDE).The hierarchical knowledge graph consists of five paleoclimate classifications based on various strategies.The classifications are described and their strengths and weaknesses are fully evaluated in four aspects:“simplicity,applicability,quantifiability,and comparability”.We also reconstruct the global climate distributions in the Late Cretaceous according to these classifications.The results are compared and the relationships among these climate types in different classifications are evaluated.Our study unifies scientific concepts from different paleoclimate classifications,which provides an important theoretical basis for the application of paleoclimate classifications in deep time.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41771568。
文摘In this paper,we review the research progress in development geography since the 20th century,focusing on its connotation and theory,fields,methods,and development trends.Specifically,we systematically review the research and applications of development geography,comprising fields such as the convergence of underdeveloped countries and regions,and the convergence of the process of improving the quality of life in developed countries and regions.Then,based on an analysis of research progress in development geography in foreign countries,we examine the development conditions and disciplinary advantages of development geography in China.Further,we highlight that future development geography research in China should focus on the latest international academic research and China’s national macro-strategic needs.Future research in development geography should be guided by the theory of sustainable development,the core of which is to improve sustainable livelihood capacity and regional green development levels in underdeveloped regions.This core includes the construction of industrial policy and development geography theory,as well as an interdisciplinary integrated research system.The focus must be placed on researching the spatial patterns,diffusion characteristics,and the convergence mechanism of regional development.Such a focus will facilitate exploration of the regulatory policies and scientific paths that serve regional economic construction and industrial development.
文摘We have made progress in medico-chemical geography as follows: the correlative law of organism with geochemical environment; the geochemico-ecological classification of chemical elements; the types of formative cause of biogeochemical provinces in China; the parabolic correlation between contents of iodine in drinking water and prevalence rate of endemic goiter; the discovery and proof of the low selenium zone in China; the successive discovery of endemic fluorosis of the types of pollution from burning coal, drinking high fluoride tea and high fluoride table salt from the year 1978; the study on chemical geography of schistosomiasis and the compilation of the Atlas of Endemic Diseases and Their Environments in the People’s Republic of China.
