Sustainable ecological development is key to enhancing the life satisfaction of indigenous populations.However,comprehensive studies on the impact of ecological protection policies on life satisfaction from the perspe...Sustainable ecological development is key to enhancing the life satisfaction of indigenous populations.However,comprehensive studies on the impact of ecological protection policies on life satisfaction from the perspective of the indigenous populations of national parks are lacking.This study investigated the impact of national park ecological protection policies on the life satisfaction of 496 indigenous households in the Qilian Mountain National Park through a questionnaire survey conducted in 2021,employing an ordered multicategorical logistic regression model.The results showed that overall life satisfaction was high and 17.34%of indigenous populations are very satisfied with their current standard of living,with the highest satisfaction of herding households,followed by nonfarming households,half-farming and half-herding households,and farming households.Livelihood capital components had different impacts on life satisfaction.Policy satisfaction,perceived importance,and participation willingness had different impacts on life satisfaction.Key ecological policy instruments,such as ecological compensation,livelihood skills training,eco-stewardship positions,specialty town development,and natural grassland/forest conservation,significantly enhanced life satisfaction.Therefore,emphasizing the interests of indigenous populations,enhancing their willingness to participate in ecological policies,and improving their nonagricultural and pastoral employment abilities can help to improve overall life satisfaction.展开更多
Due to the control of ozone(O_(3))-depleting substances(ODSs),it is believed that stratospheric O_(3)will recover in the future.However,in the context of global change,the contributions of other factors to O_(3)recove...Due to the control of ozone(O_(3))-depleting substances(ODSs),it is believed that stratospheric O_(3)will recover in the future.However,in the context of global change,the contributions of other factors to O_(3)recovery are also worth discussing.This paper investigates the independent and joint influences of changes in global methane(CH_(4)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and sea surface temperature(SST)on stratospheric O_(3)under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)8.5 scenario in 2050 using sensitivity experiments with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,version4.Results show that,in the polar lower stratosphere,CH_(4)can reduce ODSs via chemical processes and further increase stratospheric O_(3)and temperature,which tends to reduce polar stratospheric clouds.This acts as positive feedback to O_(3)recovery.The increase of CH_(4)in the sensitivity experiments(CH_(4)is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5scenario)could lead to a polar O_(3)recovery of about 27.9 DU in the Arctic.Increased CO_(2)(CO_(2) is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5 scenario)can indirectly lead to a 6.5 DU increase in global total column O_(3)(TCO)through radiative effects,while the influence of SST on TCO in tropical regions can reach-3.3%.For the joint impact of CH_(4),CO_(2)and SST changes,CH_(4)can account for up to 69.0%of the TCO variations in the Antarctic region.Finally,we compare the effects of CH_(4)and ODSs on O_(3)in the polar regions in future experiments based on the RCP8.5 scenario.We find that ODSs are a dominant factor in O_(3)depletion in both poles;however,after 2040,the influence of increased CH_(4)on O_(3)recovery in the Arctic will surpass the effect of decreased ODSs.It implies that the future increase in CH_(4)may have an important impact on O_(3).展开更多
The stratospheric Arctic vortex(SAV)plays a critical role in forecasting cold winters in the northern midlatitudes.In this study,we systematically examined the responses of SAV intensity to regional sea surface temper...The stratospheric Arctic vortex(SAV)plays a critical role in forecasting cold winters in the northern midlatitudes.In this study,we systematically examined the responses of SAV intensity to regional sea surface temperature(SST)changes using idealized SST patch experiments with a climate model.Our findings reveal that the SAV intensity is most sensitive to SST variations in the tropics and northern midlatitudes during boreal winter(December-January-February).Specifically,warming in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic leads to a weakening of the SAV,while warming in the tropical Indian Ocean,northern midlatitude Atlantic,and northwestern Pacific strengthens the SAV.Notably,the most substantial SAV weakening(strengthening)is triggered by warming in the tropical western Pacific(tropical central Indian Ocean),with a maximum magnitude of approximately 2.23 K K^(-1)(-1.77 K K^(-1)).The SST warming in the tropics influences the tropical convections,which excite Rossby wave trains.These wave trains can interfere with the climatological waves in the mid-high latitudes,while the SST warming in the northern midlatitudes can influence tropospheric planetary wavenumber-1 and wavenumber-2 directly.The changes in tropospheric planetary waves modulate the upward propagation of wave activities and impact the SAV intensity.Additionally,the response of the SAV to tropical SST changes,especially over the Indian Ocean and subtropics,exhibits significant nonlinearity.展开更多
Population growth and growing demand for livestock products produce large amounts of manure,which can be harnessed to maintain soil sustainability and crop productivity.However,the impacts of excessive manure applicat...Population growth and growing demand for livestock products produce large amounts of manure,which can be harnessed to maintain soil sustainability and crop productivity.However,the impacts of excessive manure application on crop yields,nitrogen(N)-cycling processes and microorganisms remain unknown.Here,we explored the effects of 20-year of excessive rates(18 and 27 Mg ha^(–1)yr^(–1))of pig manure application on peanut crop yields,soil nutrient contents,N-cycling processes and the abundance of N-cycling microorganisms in an acidic Ultisol in summer and winter,compared with none and a regular rate(9 Mg ha^(–1)yr^(–1))of pig manure application.Long-term excessive pig manure application,especially at the high-rate,significantly increased soil nutrient contents,the abundance of N-cycling functional genes,potential nitrification and denitrification activity,while it had a weaker effect on peanut yield and plant biomass.Compared with manure application,seasonality had a much weaker effect on N-cycling gene abundance.Random forest analysis showed that available phosphorus(AP)content was the primary predictor for N-cycling gene abundance,with significant and positive associations with all tested N-cycling genes.Our study clearly illustrated that excessive manure application would increase N-cycling gene abundance and potential N loss with relatively weak promotion of crop yields,providing significant implications for sustainable agriculture in the acidic Ultisols.展开更多
Understanding the temperature sensitivity (Q_(10)) of soil carbon (C) decomposition and the driving forces is vital for projecting soil C dynamics under climate warming. However, it is unclear of the geographic patter...Understanding the temperature sensitivity (Q_(10)) of soil carbon (C) decomposition and the driving forces is vital for projecting soil C dynamics under climate warming. However, it is unclear of the geographic patterns in Q_(10) and its driving forces in water-limited regions. We measured Q_(10) of C decomposition and multiple facets of both C quality and microbial properties, including microbial diversity, abundance, composition, activity, and trophic strategy from two soil depths (0−10 cm, 30−50 cm) collected at 38 sites along a 2000-km transect in northern China’s deserts. Q_(10) ranged in 1.56−4.80 and was significantly higher in the top (3.21) than deep soil (2.61). The large variation in Q_(10) is directly determined by microorganisms, rather than C quality which is the ratio of microbial C decomposition rate over soil organic C content. Microbial diversity, the ratio of fungi to bacterial abundance (F:B), and mass-specific respiration (qCO_(2)) were driving forces for spatial variation in Q_(10). Microbial diversity negatively impacted Q_(10), while higher F:B and qCO_(2) stimulated Q_(10). Higher C quality indirectly inhibited Q_(10) by improving microbial diversity, and decreasing F:B and qCO_(2). Our study demonstrates that microorganisms drive the geographic variations in Q_(10).展开更多
Multi-proxy data are presented and a discuss is made of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes during Holocene from a 225-cm-long sediment core from Wulungu Lake, located in westerly area of China. The chronolog...Multi-proxy data are presented and a discuss is made of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes during Holocene from a 225-cm-long sediment core from Wulungu Lake, located in westerly area of China. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the bulk organic matter. Analyses of pollen, TOC, TN, δ 13Corg, ostracod assemblages and the shell stable isotopes, suggest Holocene climate pattern as follows: temperate and dry (10.0―7.6 cal. ka BP)-warm and wet (7.6―5.3 cal. ka BP) -warm and moist (5.3―3.6 cal. ka BP) -temperate and dry (3.6―2.1 cal. ka BP)-temperate and moist (2.1―1.3 cal. ka BP) -cool and dry (1.3 cal. ka BP―present). With the climatic change, Wulungu Lake experienced two large-scale retreat (5.3―3.6 cal. ka BP and 1.3 cal. ka BP―present) and an obvious transgression (7.6―5.3 cal. ka BP). The records of climatic and environmental evolution of Wulungu Lake were in good accordance with those of adjacent areas. It responded to regional environmental change, global abrupt climate events and followed the westerly climate change mode.展开更多
This study aimed to explore whether reductive soil disinfestation（RSD） is an effective method of controlling continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon. Samples of watermelon continuous cropping soils were treated b...This study aimed to explore whether reductive soil disinfestation（RSD） is an effective method of controlling continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon. Samples of watermelon continuous cropping soils were treated by RSD in laboratory tests and pot experiments in August 2015 and from December 10,2016 to April 10,2017. The soil samples for the laboratory test were divided into 16 groups,and each group comprised three parallel samples of 100 g（dry soil weight）. Except for the original and control（CK） samples,the 14 other groups of soil samples were treated with different combinations of 1% or 3% alfalfa powder,1% or 3% ammonia（NH3） water,and 1% or 3% acetic acid. The soil samples were placed inside size-five self-styled plastic bags and incubated in a constant-temperature biochemical incubator at 35°C for 14 days after blending,flooding,and sealing. Seven groups of soil samples were designed for the pot experiments based on the laboratory test results. Each group consisted of 30 parallel samples of 3 kg（dry soil weight）. These samples were incubated outdoors for 4 months after mixing with alfalfa powder and/or NH3 and/or acetic acid according to the experimental design,blending,flooding,and sealing. Watermelon seedlings were planted in the air-dried soil samples from May to July in 2017. The results showed that the p H of the soil samples treated by RSD were elevated except for those samples with acetic acid. In addition,the electrical conductivities of the soil samples treated by RSD were effectively adjusted. The presence of soil-borne pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum was significantly suppressed（p 0.05） in soil samples treated by RSD,and the incidence and mortality rate of watermelons planted in these samples were remarkably lower than those planted in the CK and flooded CK soil samples. Therefore,continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon can be controlled by RSD.展开更多
Aims Remote sensing(RS)is a technical method for effectively capturing real-world data on a large scale.We aimed to(i)realize the time synchronization of species and environmental variables,and extract variables relat...Aims Remote sensing(RS)is a technical method for effectively capturing real-world data on a large scale.We aimed to(i)realize the time synchronization of species and environmental variables,and extract variables related to the actual growth of species based on RS in habitat suitability modeling,and(ii)provide a reference for species management.Methods Taking invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia in China as an example for habitat suitability modeling.Temperature and precipitation variables were calculated from the land surface temperature provided by the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS),and climate station data,respectively.Besides,other variables that directly affect the growth or reproduction of A.artemisiifolia were also included,such as the relative humidity of the previous year’s flowering period(RHPFP),and the effective UV irradiance reaching the Earth’s surface(UVI).The random forest method was selected to model the habitat suitability.The environmental variables and samples were divided into four-time periods(i.e.1990–2000,2001–2005,2006–2010 and 2011–2016)based on sampling time.Variables from the long-time series of RS(1990–2016)and WorldClim(1960–1990)were also modeled.Important Findings It was feasible to extract environmental variables from RS for habitat suitability modeling,and was more accurate than that based on the variables from WorldClim.The potential distribution of A.artemisiifolia in 1990–2000 and 2006–2010 was smaller than that in 2001–2005 and 2011–2016.The precipitation of driest months(bio14),precipitation coefficient of variation(bio15),RHPFP and UVI were the important environmental variables that affect the growth and reproduction of A.artemisiifolia.The results indicated that the time synchronization of species and environmental variables improved the prediction accuracy of A.artemisiifolia,which should be considered in habitat suitability modeling(especially for annual species).This study can provide an important reference for the management and prevention of the spread of A.artemisiifolia.展开更多
基金Fujian Provincial Department of Finance,Fujian Provincial Federation of Social Science Circles for its support of this study(Grant No.FJ2023B124)。
文摘Sustainable ecological development is key to enhancing the life satisfaction of indigenous populations.However,comprehensive studies on the impact of ecological protection policies on life satisfaction from the perspective of the indigenous populations of national parks are lacking.This study investigated the impact of national park ecological protection policies on the life satisfaction of 496 indigenous households in the Qilian Mountain National Park through a questionnaire survey conducted in 2021,employing an ordered multicategorical logistic regression model.The results showed that overall life satisfaction was high and 17.34%of indigenous populations are very satisfied with their current standard of living,with the highest satisfaction of herding households,followed by nonfarming households,half-farming and half-herding households,and farming households.Livelihood capital components had different impacts on life satisfaction.Policy satisfaction,perceived importance,and participation willingness had different impacts on life satisfaction.Key ecological policy instruments,such as ecological compensation,livelihood skills training,eco-stewardship positions,specialty town development,and natural grassland/forest conservation,significantly enhanced life satisfaction.Therefore,emphasizing the interests of indigenous populations,enhancing their willingness to participate in ecological policies,and improving their nonagricultural and pastoral employment abilities can help to improve overall life satisfaction.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42122037,42375070 and 42275084)。
文摘Due to the control of ozone(O_(3))-depleting substances(ODSs),it is believed that stratospheric O_(3)will recover in the future.However,in the context of global change,the contributions of other factors to O_(3)recovery are also worth discussing.This paper investigates the independent and joint influences of changes in global methane(CH_(4)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and sea surface temperature(SST)on stratospheric O_(3)under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)8.5 scenario in 2050 using sensitivity experiments with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,version4.Results show that,in the polar lower stratosphere,CH_(4)can reduce ODSs via chemical processes and further increase stratospheric O_(3)and temperature,which tends to reduce polar stratospheric clouds.This acts as positive feedback to O_(3)recovery.The increase of CH_(4)in the sensitivity experiments(CH_(4)is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5scenario)could lead to a polar O_(3)recovery of about 27.9 DU in the Arctic.Increased CO_(2)(CO_(2) is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5 scenario)can indirectly lead to a 6.5 DU increase in global total column O_(3)(TCO)through radiative effects,while the influence of SST on TCO in tropical regions can reach-3.3%.For the joint impact of CH_(4),CO_(2)and SST changes,CH_(4)can account for up to 69.0%of the TCO variations in the Antarctic region.Finally,we compare the effects of CH_(4)and ODSs on O_(3)in the polar regions in future experiments based on the RCP8.5 scenario.We find that ODSs are a dominant factor in O_(3)depletion in both poles;however,after 2040,the influence of increased CH_(4)on O_(3)recovery in the Arctic will surpass the effect of decreased ODSs.It implies that the future increase in CH_(4)may have an important impact on O_(3).
基金the financial support of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0801701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 42375070)。
文摘The stratospheric Arctic vortex(SAV)plays a critical role in forecasting cold winters in the northern midlatitudes.In this study,we systematically examined the responses of SAV intensity to regional sea surface temperature(SST)changes using idealized SST patch experiments with a climate model.Our findings reveal that the SAV intensity is most sensitive to SST variations in the tropics and northern midlatitudes during boreal winter(December-January-February).Specifically,warming in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic leads to a weakening of the SAV,while warming in the tropical Indian Ocean,northern midlatitude Atlantic,and northwestern Pacific strengthens the SAV.Notably,the most substantial SAV weakening(strengthening)is triggered by warming in the tropical western Pacific(tropical central Indian Ocean),with a maximum magnitude of approximately 2.23 K K^(-1)(-1.77 K K^(-1)).The SST warming in the tropics influences the tropical convections,which excite Rossby wave trains.These wave trains can interfere with the climatological waves in the mid-high latitudes,while the SST warming in the northern midlatitudes can influence tropospheric planetary wavenumber-1 and wavenumber-2 directly.The changes in tropospheric planetary waves modulate the upward propagation of wave activities and impact the SAV intensity.Additionally,the response of the SAV to tropical SST changes,especially over the Indian Ocean and subtropics,exhibits significant nonlinearity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930756 and 42077041)。
文摘Population growth and growing demand for livestock products produce large amounts of manure,which can be harnessed to maintain soil sustainability and crop productivity.However,the impacts of excessive manure application on crop yields,nitrogen(N)-cycling processes and microorganisms remain unknown.Here,we explored the effects of 20-year of excessive rates(18 and 27 Mg ha^(–1)yr^(–1))of pig manure application on peanut crop yields,soil nutrient contents,N-cycling processes and the abundance of N-cycling microorganisms in an acidic Ultisol in summer and winter,compared with none and a regular rate(9 Mg ha^(–1)yr^(–1))of pig manure application.Long-term excessive pig manure application,especially at the high-rate,significantly increased soil nutrient contents,the abundance of N-cycling functional genes,potential nitrification and denitrification activity,while it had a weaker effect on peanut yield and plant biomass.Compared with manure application,seasonality had a much weaker effect on N-cycling gene abundance.Random forest analysis showed that available phosphorus(AP)content was the primary predictor for N-cycling gene abundance,with significant and positive associations with all tested N-cycling genes.Our study clearly illustrated that excessive manure application would increase N-cycling gene abundance and potential N loss with relatively weak promotion of crop yields,providing significant implications for sustainable agriculture in the acidic Ultisols.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32171643,U1703332,41671115,and 31570455).
文摘Understanding the temperature sensitivity (Q_(10)) of soil carbon (C) decomposition and the driving forces is vital for projecting soil C dynamics under climate warming. However, it is unclear of the geographic patterns in Q_(10) and its driving forces in water-limited regions. We measured Q_(10) of C decomposition and multiple facets of both C quality and microbial properties, including microbial diversity, abundance, composition, activity, and trophic strategy from two soil depths (0−10 cm, 30−50 cm) collected at 38 sites along a 2000-km transect in northern China’s deserts. Q_(10) ranged in 1.56−4.80 and was significantly higher in the top (3.21) than deep soil (2.61). The large variation in Q_(10) is directly determined by microorganisms, rather than C quality which is the ratio of microbial C decomposition rate over soil organic C content. Microbial diversity, the ratio of fungi to bacterial abundance (F:B), and mass-specific respiration (qCO_(2)) were driving forces for spatial variation in Q_(10). Microbial diversity negatively impacted Q_(10), while higher F:B and qCO_(2) stimulated Q_(10). Higher C quality indirectly inhibited Q_(10) by improving microbial diversity, and decreasing F:B and qCO_(2). Our study demonstrates that microorganisms drive the geographic variations in Q_(10).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40625007)the Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Multi-proxy data are presented and a discuss is made of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes during Holocene from a 225-cm-long sediment core from Wulungu Lake, located in westerly area of China. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the bulk organic matter. Analyses of pollen, TOC, TN, δ 13Corg, ostracod assemblages and the shell stable isotopes, suggest Holocene climate pattern as follows: temperate and dry (10.0―7.6 cal. ka BP)-warm and wet (7.6―5.3 cal. ka BP) -warm and moist (5.3―3.6 cal. ka BP) -temperate and dry (3.6―2.1 cal. ka BP)-temperate and moist (2.1―1.3 cal. ka BP) -cool and dry (1.3 cal. ka BP―present). With the climatic change, Wulungu Lake experienced two large-scale retreat (5.3―3.6 cal. ka BP and 1.3 cal. ka BP―present) and an obvious transgression (7.6―5.3 cal. ka BP). The records of climatic and environmental evolution of Wulungu Lake were in good accordance with those of adjacent areas. It responded to regional environmental change, global abrupt climate events and followed the westerly climate change mode.
基金Quality Engineering Project of Anhui Province(2015zy068)Talents Program of Bengbu University([2014]182)+2 种基金Project of Research Innovation for Jiangsu Province Ordinary University Graduate Student in 2013(CXLX13_370)Project of Professional Engineering Teaching Reform(Environmental Science)(2017GCHZY2)Project of Anhui Revitalization Plan(2014zdjy137)
文摘This study aimed to explore whether reductive soil disinfestation（RSD） is an effective method of controlling continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon. Samples of watermelon continuous cropping soils were treated by RSD in laboratory tests and pot experiments in August 2015 and from December 10,2016 to April 10,2017. The soil samples for the laboratory test were divided into 16 groups,and each group comprised three parallel samples of 100 g（dry soil weight）. Except for the original and control（CK） samples,the 14 other groups of soil samples were treated with different combinations of 1% or 3% alfalfa powder,1% or 3% ammonia（NH3） water,and 1% or 3% acetic acid. The soil samples were placed inside size-five self-styled plastic bags and incubated in a constant-temperature biochemical incubator at 35°C for 14 days after blending,flooding,and sealing. Seven groups of soil samples were designed for the pot experiments based on the laboratory test results. Each group consisted of 30 parallel samples of 3 kg（dry soil weight）. These samples were incubated outdoors for 4 months after mixing with alfalfa powder and/or NH3 and/or acetic acid according to the experimental design,blending,flooding,and sealing. Watermelon seedlings were planted in the air-dried soil samples from May to July in 2017. The results showed that the p H of the soil samples treated by RSD were elevated except for those samples with acetic acid. In addition,the electrical conductivities of the soil samples treated by RSD were effectively adjusted. The presence of soil-borne pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum was significantly suppressed（p 0.05） in soil samples treated by RSD,and the incidence and mortality rate of watermelons planted in these samples were remarkably lower than those planted in the CK and flooded CK soil samples. Therefore,continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon can be controlled by RSD.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31070293)the Research and Development Program of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province(2014K14-01-02)the Basic Research Programs of Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2020JM-277).
文摘Aims Remote sensing(RS)is a technical method for effectively capturing real-world data on a large scale.We aimed to(i)realize the time synchronization of species and environmental variables,and extract variables related to the actual growth of species based on RS in habitat suitability modeling,and(ii)provide a reference for species management.Methods Taking invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia in China as an example for habitat suitability modeling.Temperature and precipitation variables were calculated from the land surface temperature provided by the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS),and climate station data,respectively.Besides,other variables that directly affect the growth or reproduction of A.artemisiifolia were also included,such as the relative humidity of the previous year’s flowering period(RHPFP),and the effective UV irradiance reaching the Earth’s surface(UVI).The random forest method was selected to model the habitat suitability.The environmental variables and samples were divided into four-time periods(i.e.1990–2000,2001–2005,2006–2010 and 2011–2016)based on sampling time.Variables from the long-time series of RS(1990–2016)and WorldClim(1960–1990)were also modeled.Important Findings It was feasible to extract environmental variables from RS for habitat suitability modeling,and was more accurate than that based on the variables from WorldClim.The potential distribution of A.artemisiifolia in 1990–2000 and 2006–2010 was smaller than that in 2001–2005 and 2011–2016.The precipitation of driest months(bio14),precipitation coefficient of variation(bio15),RHPFP and UVI were the important environmental variables that affect the growth and reproduction of A.artemisiifolia.The results indicated that the time synchronization of species and environmental variables improved the prediction accuracy of A.artemisiifolia,which should be considered in habitat suitability modeling(especially for annual species).This study can provide an important reference for the management and prevention of the spread of A.artemisiifolia.
