292 chemical composition data and 82 isotopic composition data of gas samples collected from the Taibei Depression of the Turpan-Hami Basin, West China, were used in the study of their origin. Non-hydrocarbon gas is p...292 chemical composition data and 82 isotopic composition data of gas samples collected from the Taibei Depression of the Turpan-Hami Basin, West China, were used in the study of their origin. Non-hydrocarbon gas is poor in most samples whereas abundant nitrogen in some samples is positively correlated with δ13C1. Although methane is the main constituent, higher molecular gaseous hydrocarbons, from ethane to pentane, are detected in most samples, in accordance with the distribution of oil reservoirs. The stable carbon isotope ratios of methane, eth-ane and propane are defined as δ13C1: -45.5‰ to -33.5‰, δ13C2: -30.2‰ to -10.5‰, and δ13C3: 27.6‰ to -11.2‰, respectively. According to the distribution of carbon isotope ratios, 2 families of gas can be grouped, most showing normal distribution of carbon isotopes, and others having obvious heavier carbon isotopes and being of abnormal distribution. Based on the isotopic composition, the disagreement between the relationship of △(δ13C1-δ13C2) and δ13C2 and that of △(δ13C1-δ13C2) and δ13C2, and the calculated Ro, there are oil-associated gas, coal-derived gas and mixture of them. Other samples with obviously heavier isotopic compositions from the Yanmuxi oilfield of the Taibei Depression have been degraded by organisms.展开更多
Absolute concentration of normal alkanes(n-alkanes)and aromatic hydrocarbons in bitumen extracted from source rocks in the period of thermodegradation from Turpan-Hami Basin suggests that aromatic hydrocarbons are dom...Absolute concentration of normal alkanes(n-alkanes)and aromatic hydrocarbons in bitumen extracted from source rocks in the period of thermodegradation from Turpan-Hami Basin suggests that aromatic hydrocarbons are dominant in coal and carbargilite while n-alkanes are dominant in mudstones.Bulkrock analysis and gas chromatograph/mass spectrum(GC-MS)of source rocks shows aromatic hydrocarbons are dominant in total ion chromatograms(TIC)of samples with poor perhydrous macerals while n-alkanes are dominant in TICs of samples with abundant perhydrous macerals.The identification of oil-prone and gas prone property based on GC-MS of bitumen"A"together with bulkrock analysis indicates that source rocks from Shengbei area are more oil-prone while source rocks from Qiudong and Xiaocaohu areas are more gas-prone,coinciding with the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs in Taibei Sag.Ratios used to identify oil-prone and gas-prone property for source rocks from Turpan Basin are proposed:n-alkanes>110μg·mg-1,aromatics<15μg·mg-1,and n-alkanes/aromatics>8 for oil-prone source rock bitumen while n-alkanes<82μg·mg-1,aromatics>40μg·mg-1,and n-alkanes/aromatics<1.5 for gas-prone source rock bitumen.展开更多
Molar tooth(briefly called MT)carbonate is one of the Proterozoic carbonates with enigmatic sedimentary structure.According to the morphology of MT,it can be divided into two main genesis-morphology types,i.e.,autocht...Molar tooth(briefly called MT)carbonate is one of the Proterozoic carbonates with enigmatic sedimentary structure.According to the morphology of MT,it can be divided into two main genesis-morphology types,i.e.,autochthonous and allochthonous,and each type can be further divided into a series of subtypes.The autochthonous MT can be divided into filamentous(MF1),ribbon,nodular and dotted type(MF4),in which the ribbon one can be subdivided into simple vertical(MF2)and complex ribbon(MF3),broken ribbon by storm in situ(MF5)and MT within nodular limestone(MF6).Allochthonous MT includes conglomerate clasts and horizontal detritus.Studying on the links between MT and the host rocks on five stratigraphic sections in the southeastern Jilin and eastern Liaoning indicates that the morphology of MT is closely related to host rocks,and seven genetic types by relationships between MT and the host rocks with facies interpretations are classified and discussed in this paper.The sedimentary environments of MT formation will be diverse if their morphologies are different.展开更多
A large interannual variation of biomass burning emissions from Southeast Asia is associated with the ENSO events. During 1997/98 and 1994 El Nino years, uncontrolled wildfires of tropical rainforests and peat lands i...A large interannual variation of biomass burning emissions from Southeast Asia is associated with the ENSO events. During 1997/98 and 1994 El Nino years, uncontrolled wildfires of tropical rainforests and peat lands in Indonesia were enlarged due to a long drought. Enhanced CO injection into the upper troposphere from the intense Indonesian fires was clearly observed in the 8-year measurements from a regular flask sampling over the western Pacific using a JAL airliner between Australia and Japan. This airliner observation also revealed that upper tropospheric CO2 cycle largely changed during the 1997 El Nino year due partly to the biomass burning emissions. Widespread pollution from the biomass burnings in Southeast Asia was simulated using a CO tracer driven by a 3D global chemical transport model. This simulation indicates that tropical deep convections connected to rapid advection by the subtropical jet play a significant role in dispersing biomass-burning emissions from Southeast Asia on a global scale.展开更多
Experiments were made on 58 sediment samples from four sites (1244, 1245, 1250 and 1251) of ODP204 at five temperature points (25, 35, 45, 55 and 65°C) to simulate methane production from hydrate-bearing sediment...Experiments were made on 58 sediment samples from four sites (1244, 1245, 1250 and 1251) of ODP204 at five temperature points (25, 35, 45, 55 and 65°C) to simulate methane production from hydrate-bearing sediments. Simulation results from site 1244 show that the gas components consist mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, and heavy hydrocarbons more than C2 + cannot be detected. This site also gives results, similar to those from the other three, that the methane production is controlled by experimental temperatures, generally reaching the maximum gas yields per gram sediment or TOC under lower temperatures (25 and 35°C). In other words, the methane amount could be related to the buried depth of sediments, given the close relation between the depth and temperature. Sediments less than 1200 m below seafloor are inferred to still act as a biogenic gas producer to pour methane into the present hydrate zone, while sedimentary layers more than 1200 m below seafloor have become too biogenically exhausted to offer any biogas, but instead they produce thermogenic gas to give additional supply to the hydrate formation in the study area.展开更多
Wereport on the colloidal and rheological characterization of suspensions of commercial single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT)and oxidized single walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT-oxi24h),in water and fetal bovine serum(FB...Wereport on the colloidal and rheological characterization of suspensions of commercial single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT)and oxidized single walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT-oxi24h),in water and fetal bovine serum(FBS).The effects of two surfactants,dodecyl-benzene sodium sulfonate(SBDS)and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)at different concentrations(0.5-2.0%)on the zeta potential and the rheology of the suspensions is also investigated.SWCNT suspensions were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)and Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM).The colloidal stability was determined by measurements of zeta potential in the physiological pH range 6.0<pH<8.0.Rheological measurements were implemented at concentrations of 1 and 1.5 mg/ml,and temperatures of 25℃,30℃,and 37℃.The results obtained show that SWCNT suspensions in FBS,with and without addition of surfactants,depict a high tendency to aggregate with the bovine serum albumin(BSA),a processwe could further characterize using Molecular Dynamics(MD)simulation.SWCNT suspensions in aqueous media show a negative zeta potential between−60 and−80 mV,whereas in FBS the stability is lower,with values of-20 mV.We observed no significant changes in the zeta potential with the different surfactants.The viscosity values obtained are smaller in water than in FBS,demonstrating the higher stability in water.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 40973041)National Major Science and Technology Special Project (Grant No 2008ZX05007)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2009CDB205)
文摘292 chemical composition data and 82 isotopic composition data of gas samples collected from the Taibei Depression of the Turpan-Hami Basin, West China, were used in the study of their origin. Non-hydrocarbon gas is poor in most samples whereas abundant nitrogen in some samples is positively correlated with δ13C1. Although methane is the main constituent, higher molecular gaseous hydrocarbons, from ethane to pentane, are detected in most samples, in accordance with the distribution of oil reservoirs. The stable carbon isotope ratios of methane, eth-ane and propane are defined as δ13C1: -45.5‰ to -33.5‰, δ13C2: -30.2‰ to -10.5‰, and δ13C3: 27.6‰ to -11.2‰, respectively. According to the distribution of carbon isotope ratios, 2 families of gas can be grouped, most showing normal distribution of carbon isotopes, and others having obvious heavier carbon isotopes and being of abnormal distribution. Based on the isotopic composition, the disagreement between the relationship of △(δ13C1-δ13C2) and δ13C2 and that of △(δ13C1-δ13C2) and δ13C2, and the calculated Ro, there are oil-associated gas, coal-derived gas and mixture of them. Other samples with obviously heavier isotopic compositions from the Yanmuxi oilfield of the Taibei Depression have been degraded by organisms.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40472081 and 40772091)Yangtze University Foundation(Grant No.05Z0504)
文摘Absolute concentration of normal alkanes(n-alkanes)and aromatic hydrocarbons in bitumen extracted from source rocks in the period of thermodegradation from Turpan-Hami Basin suggests that aromatic hydrocarbons are dominant in coal and carbargilite while n-alkanes are dominant in mudstones.Bulkrock analysis and gas chromatograph/mass spectrum(GC-MS)of source rocks shows aromatic hydrocarbons are dominant in total ion chromatograms(TIC)of samples with poor perhydrous macerals while n-alkanes are dominant in TICs of samples with abundant perhydrous macerals.The identification of oil-prone and gas prone property based on GC-MS of bitumen"A"together with bulkrock analysis indicates that source rocks from Shengbei area are more oil-prone while source rocks from Qiudong and Xiaocaohu areas are more gas-prone,coinciding with the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs in Taibei Sag.Ratios used to identify oil-prone and gas-prone property for source rocks from Turpan Basin are proposed:n-alkanes>110μg·mg-1,aromatics<15μg·mg-1,and n-alkanes/aromatics>8 for oil-prone source rock bitumen while n-alkanes<82μg·mg-1,aromatics>40μg·mg-1,and n-alkanes/aromatics<1.5 for gas-prone source rock bitumen.
基金Supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (Grant No. 40772078)International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP447), (Grant No. SC/GEO/546/447)+1 种基金Foundation of Geology Iustitute, CAGS (Grant No. J0903)Natural Scientific Development Foundation of Yangtze University (Grant No. 2007ZP005)
文摘Molar tooth(briefly called MT)carbonate is one of the Proterozoic carbonates with enigmatic sedimentary structure.According to the morphology of MT,it can be divided into two main genesis-morphology types,i.e.,autochthonous and allochthonous,and each type can be further divided into a series of subtypes.The autochthonous MT can be divided into filamentous(MF1),ribbon,nodular and dotted type(MF4),in which the ribbon one can be subdivided into simple vertical(MF2)and complex ribbon(MF3),broken ribbon by storm in situ(MF5)and MT within nodular limestone(MF6).Allochthonous MT includes conglomerate clasts and horizontal detritus.Studying on the links between MT and the host rocks on five stratigraphic sections in the southeastern Jilin and eastern Liaoning indicates that the morphology of MT is closely related to host rocks,and seven genetic types by relationships between MT and the host rocks with facies interpretations are classified and discussed in this paper.The sedimentary environments of MT formation will be diverse if their morphologies are different.
文摘A large interannual variation of biomass burning emissions from Southeast Asia is associated with the ENSO events. During 1997/98 and 1994 El Nino years, uncontrolled wildfires of tropical rainforests and peat lands in Indonesia were enlarged due to a long drought. Enhanced CO injection into the upper troposphere from the intense Indonesian fires was clearly observed in the 8-year measurements from a regular flask sampling over the western Pacific using a JAL airliner between Australia and Japan. This airliner observation also revealed that upper tropospheric CO2 cycle largely changed during the 1997 El Nino year due partly to the biomass burning emissions. Widespread pollution from the biomass burnings in Southeast Asia was simulated using a CO tracer driven by a 3D global chemical transport model. This simulation indicates that tropical deep convections connected to rapid advection by the subtropical jet play a significant role in dispersing biomass-burning emissions from Southeast Asia on a global scale.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40576059)
文摘Experiments were made on 58 sediment samples from four sites (1244, 1245, 1250 and 1251) of ODP204 at five temperature points (25, 35, 45, 55 and 65°C) to simulate methane production from hydrate-bearing sediments. Simulation results from site 1244 show that the gas components consist mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, and heavy hydrocarbons more than C2 + cannot be detected. This site also gives results, similar to those from the other three, that the methane production is controlled by experimental temperatures, generally reaching the maximum gas yields per gram sediment or TOC under lower temperatures (25 and 35°C). In other words, the methane amount could be related to the buried depth of sediments, given the close relation between the depth and temperature. Sediments less than 1200 m below seafloor are inferred to still act as a biogenic gas producer to pour methane into the present hydrate zone, while sedimentary layers more than 1200 m below seafloor have become too biogenically exhausted to offer any biogas, but instead they produce thermogenic gas to give additional supply to the hydrate formation in the study area.
基金supported by Project 2015/UEM27(European University of Madrid)MINECO CTQ2013-47699-R.
文摘Wereport on the colloidal and rheological characterization of suspensions of commercial single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT)and oxidized single walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT-oxi24h),in water and fetal bovine serum(FBS).The effects of two surfactants,dodecyl-benzene sodium sulfonate(SBDS)and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)at different concentrations(0.5-2.0%)on the zeta potential and the rheology of the suspensions is also investigated.SWCNT suspensions were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)and Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM).The colloidal stability was determined by measurements of zeta potential in the physiological pH range 6.0<pH<8.0.Rheological measurements were implemented at concentrations of 1 and 1.5 mg/ml,and temperatures of 25℃,30℃,and 37℃.The results obtained show that SWCNT suspensions in FBS,with and without addition of surfactants,depict a high tendency to aggregate with the bovine serum albumin(BSA),a processwe could further characterize using Molecular Dynamics(MD)simulation.SWCNT suspensions in aqueous media show a negative zeta potential between−60 and−80 mV,whereas in FBS the stability is lower,with values of-20 mV.We observed no significant changes in the zeta potential with the different surfactants.The viscosity values obtained are smaller in water than in FBS,demonstrating the higher stability in water.
