Anthracnose fruit rot(AFR),caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fioriniae,is among the most destructive and widespread fruit disease of blueberry,impacting both yield and overall fruit quality.Blueberry cultiv...Anthracnose fruit rot(AFR),caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fioriniae,is among the most destructive and widespread fruit disease of blueberry,impacting both yield and overall fruit quality.Blueberry cultivars have highly variable resistance against AFR.To date,this pathogen is largely controlled by applying various fungicides;thus,a more cost-effective and environmentally conscious solution for AFR is needed.Here we report three quantitative trait loci associated with AFR resistance in northern highbush blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum).Candidate genes within these genomic regions are associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids(e.g.anthocyanins)and resistance against pathogens.Furthermore,we examined gene expression changes in fruits following inoculation with Colletotrichum in a resistant cultivar,which revealed an enrichment of significantly differentially expressed genes associated with certain specialized metabolic pathways(e.g.flavonol biosynthesis)and pathogen resistance.Using non-targeted metabolite profiling,we identified a flavonol glycoside with properties consistent with a quercetin rhamnoside as a compound exhibiting significant abundance differences among the most resistant and susceptible individuals from the genetic mapping population.Further analysis revealed that this compound exhibits significant abundance differences among the most resistant and susceptible individuals when analyzed as two groups.However,individuals within each group displayed considerable overlapping variation in this compound,suggesting that its abundance may only be partially associated with resistance against C.fioriniae.These findings should serve as a powerful resource that will enable breeding programs to more easily develop new cultivars with superior resistance to AFR and as the basis of future research studies.展开更多
Researchers have uncovered hundreds of thousands of natural products,many of which contribute to med-icine,materials,and agriculture.However,missing knowledge about the biosynthetic pathways of these products hinders ...Researchers have uncovered hundreds of thousands of natural products,many of which contribute to med-icine,materials,and agriculture.However,missing knowledge about the biosynthetic pathways of these products hinders their expanded use.Nucleotide sequencing is key to pathway elucidation efforts,and an-alyses of the molecular structures of natural products,although seldom discussed explicitly,also play an important role by suggesting hypothetical pathways for testing.Structural analyses are also important in drug discovery,for which many molecular representation systems—methods of representing molecular structures in a computer-friendly format—have been developed.Unfortunately,pathway elucidation inves-tigations seldom use these representation systems.This gap likely occurs because those systems are pri-marily built to document molecular connectivity and topology rather than the absolute positions of bonds and atoms in a common reference frame,which would enable chemical structures to be connected with potential underlying biosynthetic steps.Here,we expand on recently developed skeleton-based molecular representation systems by implementing a common-reference-frame-oriented system.We tested this sys-tem using triterpenoid structures as a case study and explored its applications in biosynthesis and struc-tural diversity tasks.The common-reference-frame system can identify structural regions of high or low variability on the scale of atoms and bonds and enable hierarchical clustering that is closely connected to underlying biosynthesis.Combined with information on phylogenetic distribution,the system illuminates distinct sources of structural variability,such as different enzyme families operating in the same pathway.These characteristics outline the potential of common-reference-frame molecular representation systems to support large-scale pathway elucidation efforts.展开更多
基金This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative(USDA-AFRI)#2018-67013-27592 to G.S.,T.M.and P.P.E.United States Department of Agriculture-Specialty Crop Research Initiative(USDASCRI)#2019-51181-30015 to P.P.E.+2 种基金National Institute of Health(NIH)Training Grant#T32-GM110523National Science Foundation(NSF)Training Grant DGE-1828149 to M.J.and P.P.EThis work was also supported by Michigan State University AgBioRe search and United States Department of Agriculture-HATCH MICL02742 to P.P.E.
文摘Anthracnose fruit rot(AFR),caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fioriniae,is among the most destructive and widespread fruit disease of blueberry,impacting both yield and overall fruit quality.Blueberry cultivars have highly variable resistance against AFR.To date,this pathogen is largely controlled by applying various fungicides;thus,a more cost-effective and environmentally conscious solution for AFR is needed.Here we report three quantitative trait loci associated with AFR resistance in northern highbush blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum).Candidate genes within these genomic regions are associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids(e.g.anthocyanins)and resistance against pathogens.Furthermore,we examined gene expression changes in fruits following inoculation with Colletotrichum in a resistant cultivar,which revealed an enrichment of significantly differentially expressed genes associated with certain specialized metabolic pathways(e.g.flavonol biosynthesis)and pathogen resistance.Using non-targeted metabolite profiling,we identified a flavonol glycoside with properties consistent with a quercetin rhamnoside as a compound exhibiting significant abundance differences among the most resistant and susceptible individuals from the genetic mapping population.Further analysis revealed that this compound exhibits significant abundance differences among the most resistant and susceptible individuals when analyzed as two groups.However,individuals within each group displayed considerable overlapping variation in this compound,suggesting that its abundance may only be partially associated with resistance against C.fioriniae.These findings should serve as a powerful resource that will enable breeding programs to more easily develop new cultivars with superior resistance to AFR and as the basis of future research studies.
基金supported by grant no.T32-GM110523 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of HealthD.M.acknowledges funding from an NSF-IMPACTS training grant(DGE-1828149)+1 种基金NSF Dimensions of Biodiversity(DEB 1737898)Jeff Schell Bayer Foundation Fellowship 2022(application no.JS-2022-029).
文摘Researchers have uncovered hundreds of thousands of natural products,many of which contribute to med-icine,materials,and agriculture.However,missing knowledge about the biosynthetic pathways of these products hinders their expanded use.Nucleotide sequencing is key to pathway elucidation efforts,and an-alyses of the molecular structures of natural products,although seldom discussed explicitly,also play an important role by suggesting hypothetical pathways for testing.Structural analyses are also important in drug discovery,for which many molecular representation systems—methods of representing molecular structures in a computer-friendly format—have been developed.Unfortunately,pathway elucidation inves-tigations seldom use these representation systems.This gap likely occurs because those systems are pri-marily built to document molecular connectivity and topology rather than the absolute positions of bonds and atoms in a common reference frame,which would enable chemical structures to be connected with potential underlying biosynthetic steps.Here,we expand on recently developed skeleton-based molecular representation systems by implementing a common-reference-frame-oriented system.We tested this sys-tem using triterpenoid structures as a case study and explored its applications in biosynthesis and struc-tural diversity tasks.The common-reference-frame system can identify structural regions of high or low variability on the scale of atoms and bonds and enable hierarchical clustering that is closely connected to underlying biosynthesis.Combined with information on phylogenetic distribution,the system illuminates distinct sources of structural variability,such as different enzyme families operating in the same pathway.These characteristics outline the potential of common-reference-frame molecular representation systems to support large-scale pathway elucidation efforts.
