The application of organic fertilizers has become an increasingly popular practice in maize production to reduce thegaseous nitrogen(N) loss and soil degradation caused by inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer pla...The application of organic fertilizers has become an increasingly popular practice in maize production to reduce thegaseous nitrogen(N) loss and soil degradation caused by inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer plays a key rolein improving soil quality and stabilizing maize yields, but few studies have compared different substitution rates. Afield study was carried out in 2021 and 2022, based on a long-term trial initiated in 2016, which included five organicfertilizer N substitution rates with equal inputs of 200 kg N ha^(–1): 0% organic fertilizer(T1, 100% inorganic fertilizer),50.0% organic+50.0% inorganic fertilizer(T2), 37.5% organic+62.5% inorganic fertilizer(T3), 25.0% organic+75.0%inorganic fertilizer(T4), and 12.5% organic+87.5% inorganic fertilizer(T5), as well as a no fertilizer control(T6). Theresults of the two years showed that T3 and T1 had the highest grain yield and biomass, respectively, and there wasno significant difference between T1 and T3. Compared with T1, the 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0% substitution rates in T5, T4, T3, and T2 significantly reduced total nitrogen losses(NH_(3), N_(2)O) by 8.3, 16.1, 18.7, and 27.0%, respectively.Nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) was higher in T5, T3, and T1, and there were no significant differences among them.Organic fertilizer substitution directly reduced NH_(3)volatilization and N_(2)O emission from farmland by lowering theammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N contents and by increasing soil moisture. These substitution treatmentsreduced N_(2)O emissions indirectly by regulating the abundances of AOB and nirK-harboring genes by promotingsoil moisture. Specifically, the 37.5% organic fertilizer substitution reduces NH_(3)volatilization and N_(2)O emission from farmland by reducing the ammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N contents and increasing moisture, which negatively regulate the abundance of AOB and nir K-harboring genes to reduce N_(2)O emissions indirectly in rainfed maize fields on the Loess Plateau of China.展开更多
Salt stress is a critical factor affecting the growth and yield of rice.Egypt,the largest rice producer in North Africa and the Middle East,is facing contrasting challenges related to salinity in its agroecosystems.In...Salt stress is a critical factor affecting the growth and yield of rice.Egypt,the largest rice producer in North Africa and the Middle East,is facing contrasting challenges related to salinity in its agroecosystems.In this study,we compared the salt-induced responses among three rice varieties:Giza 176(Egyptian variety),Kaituodao(Chinese variety),and Pokkali(Sri Lanka variety,used as control)under normal and saline stress(100 mmol/L NaCl)conditions at two seedling stages through RNA-seq expression analysis.Giza 176 displayed a salt tolerance score of 7 on the SES(Standard Evaluation Score).Its transcriptome showed dynamic changes,with the number of upregulated genes increasing from 180 to 735,and downregulated genes increasing from 918 to 2930 from the one-week to two-week stress stages,with activated pathways in ion transport,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,and protein biosynthesis.展开更多
Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide. Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice. Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic...Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide. Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice. Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic basis in cultivated rice. However, many populations of wild rice species have disappeared in the past few years. Therefore, the current status of wild rice resources should be updated and the genetic diversity of wild rice species should be examined for further germplasm preservation and utilization. Our investigations showed that the number of natural wild rice populations declined sharply in Yunnan Province during the past few years due to various reasons. Fortunately, one population of Oryza rufipogon, three of O officinalis and ten of O. granulata have been newly found in different ecological sites, which were confirmed by inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） marker analysis in this study. ISSR analysis and investigation of some important traits of nutritional values indicated that the genetic diversity of the currently existing wild rice resources in Yunnan is still rich. The demonstration of genetic diversity of wild rice by a combined use of geographical distribution, morphological traits, nutrition contents and ISSR markers would be helpful for the conservation and exploration of these important wild rice resources.展开更多
The novel polymer metal chelate electrolytes(polychelates)were prepared by incorporation of cobalt sulfate(Co)into poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)host matrix.Quasi-solid state supercapacitor devices were fabricated using poly...The novel polymer metal chelate electrolytes(polychelates)were prepared by incorporation of cobalt sulfate(Co)into poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)host matrix.Quasi-solid state supercapacitor devices were fabricated using polychelates,PAA-Co X(X:3,5,7,and 10)where X represents the doping fraction(w/w)of Co in PAA.All polymer metal electrolytes were showed excellent bending-stretching properties,thermal stability and electrochemical durability with an optimum ionic conductivity of 3.15×10^(-4) S cm^(-1).Hierarchically porous activated carbon and nano-sized conductive carbon were used to form carbon composite symmetrical device electrodes.The electric double-layer capacitor(EDLC)and redox reactions of Co-incorporated polychelates at the interfaces of porous activated carbon provided an optimum specific capacitance of 341.33 F g^(-1) with a device of PAA-Co7,which is at least 15 times enhancement compared to the device of pristine PAA.The PAA-Co7 device also provided energy density of 21.25 Wh kg^(-1) at a power density of 117.69 W kg^(-1).A prolonged cyclic stability of the device exhibited superior capacitive performance after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles and the maintained 90%of its initial performance.In addition,the supercapacitor with a dimension of 1.5 cm×3 cm containing PAA-Co7 successfully operated the red-blue-green(RGB)LED light.展开更多
Resistance to cancer therapy continues to be a major limitation for the successful treatment of cancer. There are many published studies on therapy resistance in breast and prostate cancers; however, there are current...Resistance to cancer therapy continues to be a major limitation for the successful treatment of cancer. There are many published studies on therapy resistance in breast and prostate cancers; however, there are currently no data on molecular markers associated with resistance. The conflicting data were reported regarding the AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway components as markers predicting resistance. The AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway is involved in the development of many human cancers; its activation is related to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, as well as to therapy resistance. Molecular alterations in the AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway provide a platform to identify universal markers associated with the development of resistance to cancer therapy.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the true incidence of Bacillus cereus(B. cereus) in food and children diarrhea cases. Methods: A total of 110 samples of various dairy products such as raw milk, long life pasteurized milk, y...Objective: To investigate the true incidence of Bacillus cereus(B. cereus) in food and children diarrhea cases. Methods: A total of 110 samples of various dairy products such as raw milk, long life pasteurized milk, yoghurt and infant powdered milk formulas, raw rice, and feces were examined for the presence of B. cereus by selective plating on mannitol-egg-yolk-polymyxin agar. Confirmation of B. cereus was carried out by biochemical tests and PCR. Identification of non-B. cereus isolates was carried out by 16 S r DNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by disk diffusion method.Results: Overall 35 samples(31.8%, n = 110) yielded Bacillus-like growth. Of which 19 samples(54.28%) were positive for B. cereus. All isolates were positive for enterotoxin production. No psychrotolerant B. cereus strains were detected in all samples. All B. cereus isolates were resistant to penicillin G, but susceptible to vancomycin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the importance of including B. cereus in disease control and prevention programs, as well as in routine clinical and food quality control laboratories in both Saudi Arabia and Egypt.展开更多
Blood samples have traditionally been used as the main source of DNA for genetic analysis. How-ever, this source can be difficult in terms of collection, transportation, and long-term storage. In this study, we invest...Blood samples have traditionally been used as the main source of DNA for genetic analysis. How-ever, this source can be difficult in terms of collection, transportation, and long-term storage. In this study, we investigated whether human nail clippings could be used as a source of DNA for SNP genotyping, null-allele detection, and whole-genome amplification. From extracted nail DNA, we achieved amplicons up to a length of ~400 bp and >96% concordance for SNP genotyping and 100% concordance for null-allele detection compared to DNA derived from matched blood sam-ples. For whole-genome amplification, OmniPlex performed better than Multiple Displacement Amplification with a success rate of 89.3% and 76.8% for SNP genotyping and null-allele detection, respectively. Concordance was ~98% for both methods. When combined with OmniPlex whole-genome amplification, human nail clippings could potentially be used as an alternative to whole blood as a less invasive and more convenient source of DNA for genotyping studies.展开更多
Schreiber’s bent-winged bat Miniopterus schreibersii and the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum are widespread and common cavernicolous species across southern Europe that host numerous specialized ectop...Schreiber’s bent-winged bat Miniopterus schreibersii and the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum are widespread and common cavernicolous species across southern Europe that host numerous specialized ectoparasite species.The objective of this study was to characterize the species assemblage,genetic diversity,and host specificity of bat flies(Nycteribiidae,Diptera)and wing mites(Spinturnicidae,Acari)found on these bat hosts in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.Notably,while bat flies lay puparia on the cave walls and can thus be transmitted indirectly,wing mites require direct body contact for transmission.Morphological identification and sequencing of a 710-bp fragment of cytochrome oxidase I gene of 207 bat flies yielded 4 species,3 on M.schreibersii and 1 on R.ferrumequinum.Sequencing of a 460-bp small subunit ribosomal RNA fragment,in all 190 collected wing mites revealed 2 species,1 per host.In no case was a parasite associated with 1 host found on the other host.Species and genetic diversity of flies were higher in M.schreibersii,likely reflecting their host’s larger colony sizes and migratory potential.Mite species of both hosts showed similarly low diversity,likely due to their faster life history and lower winter survival.Our findings highlight a remarkably high host-specificity and segregation of ectoparasite species despite direct contact among their hosts in the roost,suggesting a defined host preference in the investigated ectoparasite species.Furthermore,the differences in ectoparasite genetic diversity exemplify the interplay between host and parasite life histories in shaping parasite population genetic structure.展开更多
By using 19 pairs of primers that could identify two subspecies （indica and japonica） of cultivated rice （Oryza sativa L.）, the indica-japonica differentiation of 56 individuals from the natural population of comm...By using 19 pairs of primers that could identify two subspecies （indica and japonica） of cultivated rice （Oryza sativa L.）, the indica-japonica differentiation of 56 individuals from the natural population of common wild rice （Oryza rufipogon Griff.） in Yuanjiang was analyzed by SSR （microsatellite DNAs, or simple sequence repeat）. Of the 19 pairs of primers, 17 pairs （89.47%） could amplify only one kind of band type among all of the individuals, but primers RM251 and RM18 could amplify polymorphic band types. The bands amplified by 16 pairs of primers （84.21%） were identical to the indica-japonica diagnostic bands of relevant locus in cultivated rice, including 11 japonica-like loci and 4 indica-like loci. The bands amplified by the other three pairs of primers （RM18, RM202, RM205） were different from indica or japonica diagnostic bands of cultivated rice. The results showed that according to 19 loci analyzed, 84.21% of SSR loci in genomic DNA of common wild rice in Yuanjiang displayed indica-japonica differentiation and 13.79% of the loci still kept primitive, and most of the detected loci were homoaenetic in the natural population.展开更多
In Brassica napus L.(rapeseed),complete genic male sterility(GMS)plays an important role in the utilization of heterosis.Although microRNAs(miRNAs)play essential regulatory roles during bud development,knowledge of ho...In Brassica napus L.(rapeseed),complete genic male sterility(GMS)plays an important role in the utilization of heterosis.Although microRNAs(miRNAs)play essential regulatory roles during bud development,knowledge of how GMS is regulated by miRNAs in rapeseed is rather limited.In this study,we obtained a novel recessive GMS system,CN12AB.The sterile line CN12A has defects in tapetal diferentiation and degradation.llumina sequencing was employed to examine the expression of miRNAs in the buds of CN12A and the fertile line CN12B.We identifed 85 known miRNAs and 120 novel miRNAs that were expressed during rapeseed anther development.When comparing the expression levels of miRNAs between CN12A and CN12B,19 and 18 known miRNAs were found to be difrentially expressed in 0.5--1.0 mm buds and in 2.5--3.0 mm buds,respectively.Among these,the expression levels of 14 miRNAs were higher and the levels of 23 miRNAs were lower in CN12A compared with CN12B.The predicted target genes of these iferentially expressed miRNAS encode protein kinases,F-box domain-containing proteins,MADS-box family proteins,SBP-box gene family members,HD ZIP proteins,floral homeotic protein APETAL A 2(AP2)。and nuclear factor Y,subunit A.These targets have previously been reported to be involved in pollen development and male sterility,suggesting that miRNAs might act as regulators of GMS in rapeseed anthers.Furthermore,RT-qPCR data suggest that one of the dffrentially expressed miRNAs,bna-miR159,plays a role in tapetal differentiation by regulating the expression of transcription factor BnMYB101 and participates in tapetal degradation and infuences callose degradation by manipulating the expression of BnA6.These findings contibute to our understanding of the roles of miRNAs during anther development and the occurrence of GMS in rapeseed.展开更多
BAC library for the Egyptian cotton Gossypiumbarbadense Giza 70,Giza 86,and Giza 75varieties have been constructed andcharacterized.The isolation and purification ofhigh molecular weight DNA from nucleiembedded in aga...BAC library for the Egyptian cotton Gossypiumbarbadense Giza 70,Giza 86,and Giza 75varieties have been constructed andcharacterized.The isolation and purification ofhigh molecular weight DNA from nucleiembedded in agarose microbeads was an essentialpart of this work.Several experimentalparameters were investigated展开更多
Objective:To assess the molluscicidal effect of the eco-friendly green synthesized neem silver nanoparticles(neem-Ag NPs)against Biomphalaria alexandrina,the snail intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni,and their c...Objective:To assess the molluscicidal effect of the eco-friendly green synthesized neem silver nanoparticles(neem-Ag NPs)against Biomphalaria alexandrina,the snail intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni,and their cercaricidal potential.Methods:Methanol extracts from neem fruits were used for green synthesis of neem-Ag NPs.The neem-Ag NPs were characterized using UV-visible absorption spectra,dynamic laser light scattering technique,and transmission electron microscopy.The potential molluscicidal effect against adult and juvenile Biomphalaria alexandrina and the effect of the sub-lethal concentration on hatching of snail eggs and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae were evaluated.Results:The surface plasmon resonance of neem-Ag NPs showed a sharp absorption peak atλ_(max)=518 nm together with multiple peaks.The hydrodynamic diameter was(77.15±34.53)nm,the polydispersity index(0.338±0.000)and the zeta-potential-14.07 mV.Moreover,transmission electron microscopy showed that the average size of the nanoparticles was(27±2)nm.Agglomeration was evident and a light-colored capping layer could be seen coating the nanoparticles.Juvenile snails(LC_(50):0.83 ppm)were more susceptible to neem-Ag NPs than adults(LC_(50):1.07 ppm).In addition,neem-Ag NPs and neem at LC_(50)concentrations inhibited the egg-hatching of snails and showed cercaricidal activity in a time-dependent manner.Conclusions:Neem-Ag NPs have lethal activities against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and their eggs,as well as Schistosoma mansoni cercariae.Hence,neem-Ag NPs could be a potential agent to control schistosomiasis.展开更多
Long juvenile phase and lack of effective protocols for large scale vegetative propagation are limitations to domestication and improvement of the shea tree. The present study seeks to develop a protocol for plant reg...Long juvenile phase and lack of effective protocols for large scale vegetative propagation are limitations to domestication and improvement of the shea tree. The present study seeks to develop a protocol for plant regeneration of shea （Vitellaria paradoxa） from immature cotyledon explants. Embryogenic callus cultures were induced on Murashige and Skoog medium （MS） containing 3% sucrose, 0.24% Phytagel, and various concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） after four weeks of culture in darkness. Rates of embryogenic callus induction were significantly affected by the addition of 2, 4-D to the medium. Within 28 days of culture, the highest percentage of embyogenic calli （77.61%） occurred on MS media containing 0.45 ~tM of 2,4-D in the dark. Somatic embryos were obtained by culturing embryogenic callus （in the dark） on MS medium fortified with 3% sucrose, 0.24% phytagel and devoid of growth regulators. Culturing at 16 h photoperiod restricted both the induction of embryogenic calli cultures and somatic embryos. Somatic embryos germinated, developed shoots and rooted vigorously on MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Germinated plantlets were acclimatized, successfully.展开更多
The massive extension in biological data induced a need for user-friendly bioinformatics tools could be used for routine biological data manipulation. Bioanalyzer is a simple analytical software implements a variety o...The massive extension in biological data induced a need for user-friendly bioinformatics tools could be used for routine biological data manipulation. Bioanalyzer is a simple analytical software implements a variety of tools to perform common data analysis on different biological data types and databases. Bioanalyzer provides general aspects of data analysis such as handling nucleotide data, fetching different data formats information, NGS quality control, data visualization, performing multiple sequence alignment and sequence BLAST. These tools accept common biological data formats and produce human-readable output files could be stored on local computer machines. Bioanalyzer has a user-friendly graphical user interface to simplify massive biological data analysis and consume less memory and processing power. Bioanalyzer source code was written through Python programming language which provides less memory usage and initial startup time. Bioanalyzer is a free and open source software, where its code could be modified, extended or integrated in different bioinformatics pipelines. Bioinformatics Produce huge data in FASTA and Genbank format which can be used to produce a lot of annotation information which can be done with Python programming language that open the door form bioinformatics tool due to their elasticity in data analysis and simplicity which inspire us to develop new multiple tool software able to manipulate FASTA and Genbank files. The goal Develop new software uses Genomic data files to produce annotated data. Software was written using python programming language and biopython packages.展开更多
The effect of nitrogen(N)fertilizer on the development of maize kernels has yet to be fully explored.MicroRNA-mRNA analyses could help advance our understanding of how kernels respond to N.This study analyzed the morp...The effect of nitrogen(N)fertilizer on the development of maize kernels has yet to be fully explored.MicroRNA-mRNA analyses could help advance our understanding of how kernels respond to N.This study analyzed the morphological,physiological,and transcriptomic changes in maize kernels under different N rates(0,100,200,and 300 kg ha–1).The result showed that increasing N application significantly increased maize grains’fresh and dry weight until N reached 200 kg ha–1.Higher levels of indole-3-acetic acid,cytokinin,gibberellin,and a lower level of ethylene were associated with increased N applications.We obtained 31 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in hormone synthesis and transduction,and 9 DEGs were regulated by 14 differentially expressed microRNAs(DEMIs)in 26 pairs.The candidate DEGs and DEMIs provide valuable insight for manipulating grain filling under different N rates.展开更多
Finding water resources for the desert plants is one of the important research areas since it enables saving water resources.Bromus inermis plant was noticed to keep 5%of moisture in its rhizosphere zone;therefore,thi...Finding water resources for the desert plants is one of the important research areas since it enables saving water resources.Bromus inermis plant was noticed to keep 5%of moisture in its rhizosphere zone;therefore,this study aimed to identify this source of water.Thirteen endophytic bacteria were isolated from the root of B.inermis and identified.Their specific respiration rate was determined.Alcaligenes faecalis showed the highest specific respiration rate.It is a facultative chemoautotrophic hydrogen-fixing bacterium that utilizes the hydrogen gas as energy source and the water is produced as an end product.The source of hydrogen gas for this bacterium is not only from air and soil gases but also from the hydrogen-producing bacteria such as Enterobacter spp.,which was among the isolated bacteria.The hydrogenases synthesizing genes(HoxC,HypA and HypB)were detected in most of the isolated bacteria and roots of four wild plants,out from 18 wild plant samples,epically the grains of the wild wheat plant.This result suggests that the hydrogen-fixing and hydrogen-producing bacteria transfer from the root through the plant to inhabit the grain/seeds.This can help the grain/seeds to germinate in drought environment.展开更多
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects motor neurons. It is caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron gene 1 (SMN1). The SMN2 gene, which is the highly homologous SMN1 cop...Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects motor neurons. It is caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron gene 1 (SMN1). The SMN2 gene, which is the highly homologous SMN1 copy that is present in all the patients, is unable to prevent the disease. An SMN2 dosage method was applied to 45 patients with the three SMA types (I-III) and to four pairs of siblings with chronic SMA (II-III)and different phenotypes. Our results confirm that the SMN2 copy number plays a key role in predicting acute or chronic SMA. However, siblings with different SMA phenotypes show an identical SMN2 copy number and identical markers, indicating that the genetic background around the SMA locus is insufficient to account for the intrafamilial variability. In our results, age of onset appears to be the most important predictor of disease severity in affected members of the same family. Given that SMN2 is regarded as a target for potential pharmacological therapies in SMA, the identification of genetic factors other than the SMN genes is necessary to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease in order to implement additional therapeutic approaches.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University,China (GSCS-2022-Z02)the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1900300)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32260549)the Innovation Group of Basic Research in Gansu Province, China (25JRRA807)the Major Special Research Projects in Gansu Province, China (22ZD6NA009)。
文摘The application of organic fertilizers has become an increasingly popular practice in maize production to reduce thegaseous nitrogen(N) loss and soil degradation caused by inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer plays a key rolein improving soil quality and stabilizing maize yields, but few studies have compared different substitution rates. Afield study was carried out in 2021 and 2022, based on a long-term trial initiated in 2016, which included five organicfertilizer N substitution rates with equal inputs of 200 kg N ha^(–1): 0% organic fertilizer(T1, 100% inorganic fertilizer),50.0% organic+50.0% inorganic fertilizer(T2), 37.5% organic+62.5% inorganic fertilizer(T3), 25.0% organic+75.0%inorganic fertilizer(T4), and 12.5% organic+87.5% inorganic fertilizer(T5), as well as a no fertilizer control(T6). Theresults of the two years showed that T3 and T1 had the highest grain yield and biomass, respectively, and there wasno significant difference between T1 and T3. Compared with T1, the 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0% substitution rates in T5, T4, T3, and T2 significantly reduced total nitrogen losses(NH_(3), N_(2)O) by 8.3, 16.1, 18.7, and 27.0%, respectively.Nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) was higher in T5, T3, and T1, and there were no significant differences among them.Organic fertilizer substitution directly reduced NH_(3)volatilization and N_(2)O emission from farmland by lowering theammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N contents and by increasing soil moisture. These substitution treatmentsreduced N_(2)O emissions indirectly by regulating the abundances of AOB and nirK-harboring genes by promotingsoil moisture. Specifically, the 37.5% organic fertilizer substitution reduces NH_(3)volatilization and N_(2)O emission from farmland by reducing the ammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N contents and increasing moisture, which negatively regulate the abundance of AOB and nir K-harboring genes to reduce N_(2)O emissions indirectly in rainfed maize fields on the Loess Plateau of China.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0139400)the Egyptian-Chinese Research Fund,and Science,Technology&Innovation Funding Authority Egypt(Grant No.46512)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.261143470).
文摘Salt stress is a critical factor affecting the growth and yield of rice.Egypt,the largest rice producer in North Africa and the Middle East,is facing contrasting challenges related to salinity in its agroecosystems.In this study,we compared the salt-induced responses among three rice varieties:Giza 176(Egyptian variety),Kaituodao(Chinese variety),and Pokkali(Sri Lanka variety,used as control)under normal and saline stress(100 mmol/L NaCl)conditions at two seedling stages through RNA-seq expression analysis.Giza 176 displayed a salt tolerance score of 7 on the SES(Standard Evaluation Score).Its transcriptome showed dynamic changes,with the number of upregulated genes increasing from 180 to 735,and downregulated genes increasing from 918 to 2930 from the one-week to two-week stress stages,with activated pathways in ion transport,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,and protein biosynthesis.
基金supported by the Yunnan Natural Science Foundation Project (Grant No. 2008C004)the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31160067)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (Grant No. 201003021)
文摘Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide. Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice. Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic basis in cultivated rice. However, many populations of wild rice species have disappeared in the past few years. Therefore, the current status of wild rice resources should be updated and the genetic diversity of wild rice species should be examined for further germplasm preservation and utilization. Our investigations showed that the number of natural wild rice populations declined sharply in Yunnan Province during the past few years due to various reasons. Fortunately, one population of Oryza rufipogon, three of O officinalis and ten of O. granulata have been newly found in different ecological sites, which were confirmed by inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） marker analysis in this study. ISSR analysis and investigation of some important traits of nutritional values indicated that the genetic diversity of the currently existing wild rice resources in Yunnan is still rich. The demonstration of genetic diversity of wild rice by a combined use of geographical distribution, morphological traits, nutrition contents and ISSR markers would be helpful for the conservation and exploration of these important wild rice resources.
基金Deputyship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work。
文摘The novel polymer metal chelate electrolytes(polychelates)were prepared by incorporation of cobalt sulfate(Co)into poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)host matrix.Quasi-solid state supercapacitor devices were fabricated using polychelates,PAA-Co X(X:3,5,7,and 10)where X represents the doping fraction(w/w)of Co in PAA.All polymer metal electrolytes were showed excellent bending-stretching properties,thermal stability and electrochemical durability with an optimum ionic conductivity of 3.15×10^(-4) S cm^(-1).Hierarchically porous activated carbon and nano-sized conductive carbon were used to form carbon composite symmetrical device electrodes.The electric double-layer capacitor(EDLC)and redox reactions of Co-incorporated polychelates at the interfaces of porous activated carbon provided an optimum specific capacitance of 341.33 F g^(-1) with a device of PAA-Co7,which is at least 15 times enhancement compared to the device of pristine PAA.The PAA-Co7 device also provided energy density of 21.25 Wh kg^(-1) at a power density of 117.69 W kg^(-1).A prolonged cyclic stability of the device exhibited superior capacitive performance after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles and the maintained 90%of its initial performance.In addition,the supercapacitor with a dimension of 1.5 cm×3 cm containing PAA-Co7 successfully operated the red-blue-green(RGB)LED light.
文摘Resistance to cancer therapy continues to be a major limitation for the successful treatment of cancer. There are many published studies on therapy resistance in breast and prostate cancers; however, there are currently no data on molecular markers associated with resistance. The conflicting data were reported regarding the AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway components as markers predicting resistance. The AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway is involved in the development of many human cancers; its activation is related to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, as well as to therapy resistance. Molecular alterations in the AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway provide a platform to identify universal markers associated with the development of resistance to cancer therapy.
文摘Objective: To investigate the true incidence of Bacillus cereus(B. cereus) in food and children diarrhea cases. Methods: A total of 110 samples of various dairy products such as raw milk, long life pasteurized milk, yoghurt and infant powdered milk formulas, raw rice, and feces were examined for the presence of B. cereus by selective plating on mannitol-egg-yolk-polymyxin agar. Confirmation of B. cereus was carried out by biochemical tests and PCR. Identification of non-B. cereus isolates was carried out by 16 S r DNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by disk diffusion method.Results: Overall 35 samples(31.8%, n = 110) yielded Bacillus-like growth. Of which 19 samples(54.28%) were positive for B. cereus. All isolates were positive for enterotoxin production. No psychrotolerant B. cereus strains were detected in all samples. All B. cereus isolates were resistant to penicillin G, but susceptible to vancomycin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the importance of including B. cereus in disease control and prevention programs, as well as in routine clinical and food quality control laboratories in both Saudi Arabia and Egypt.
文摘Blood samples have traditionally been used as the main source of DNA for genetic analysis. How-ever, this source can be difficult in terms of collection, transportation, and long-term storage. In this study, we investigated whether human nail clippings could be used as a source of DNA for SNP genotyping, null-allele detection, and whole-genome amplification. From extracted nail DNA, we achieved amplicons up to a length of ~400 bp and >96% concordance for SNP genotyping and 100% concordance for null-allele detection compared to DNA derived from matched blood sam-ples. For whole-genome amplification, OmniPlex performed better than Multiple Displacement Amplification with a success rate of 89.3% and 76.8% for SNP genotyping and null-allele detection, respectively. Concordance was ~98% for both methods. When combined with OmniPlex whole-genome amplification, human nail clippings could potentially be used as an alternative to whole blood as a less invasive and more convenient source of DNA for genotyping studies.
基金Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia,contract no.451-03-9/2021-14/200007.B.P.was supported by a Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst(DAAD)grant which covered living expenses while doing a part of experimental work in Greifswald,Germany。
文摘Schreiber’s bent-winged bat Miniopterus schreibersii and the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum are widespread and common cavernicolous species across southern Europe that host numerous specialized ectoparasite species.The objective of this study was to characterize the species assemblage,genetic diversity,and host specificity of bat flies(Nycteribiidae,Diptera)and wing mites(Spinturnicidae,Acari)found on these bat hosts in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.Notably,while bat flies lay puparia on the cave walls and can thus be transmitted indirectly,wing mites require direct body contact for transmission.Morphological identification and sequencing of a 710-bp fragment of cytochrome oxidase I gene of 207 bat flies yielded 4 species,3 on M.schreibersii and 1 on R.ferrumequinum.Sequencing of a 460-bp small subunit ribosomal RNA fragment,in all 190 collected wing mites revealed 2 species,1 per host.In no case was a parasite associated with 1 host found on the other host.Species and genetic diversity of flies were higher in M.schreibersii,likely reflecting their host’s larger colony sizes and migratory potential.Mite species of both hosts showed similarly low diversity,likely due to their faster life history and lower winter survival.Our findings highlight a remarkably high host-specificity and segregation of ectoparasite species despite direct contact among their hosts in the roost,suggesting a defined host preference in the investigated ectoparasite species.Furthermore,the differences in ectoparasite genetic diversity exemplify the interplay between host and parasite life histories in shaping parasite population genetic structure.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘By using 19 pairs of primers that could identify two subspecies （indica and japonica） of cultivated rice （Oryza sativa L.）, the indica-japonica differentiation of 56 individuals from the natural population of common wild rice （Oryza rufipogon Griff.） in Yuanjiang was analyzed by SSR （microsatellite DNAs, or simple sequence repeat）. Of the 19 pairs of primers, 17 pairs （89.47%） could amplify only one kind of band type among all of the individuals, but primers RM251 and RM18 could amplify polymorphic band types. The bands amplified by 16 pairs of primers （84.21%） were identical to the indica-japonica diagnostic bands of relevant locus in cultivated rice, including 11 japonica-like loci and 4 indica-like loci. The bands amplified by the other three pairs of primers （RM18, RM202, RM205） were different from indica or japonica diagnostic bands of cultivated rice. The results showed that according to 19 loci analyzed, 84.21% of SSR loci in genomic DNA of common wild rice in Yuanjiang displayed indica-japonica differentiation and 13.79% of the loci still kept primitive, and most of the detected loci were homoaenetic in the natural population.
基金This project was supported by the National Key Research Program of China(2018YFD0100500)the Major Projects for New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms,China(2018ZX0801109B)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2018GAAS04).
文摘In Brassica napus L.(rapeseed),complete genic male sterility(GMS)plays an important role in the utilization of heterosis.Although microRNAs(miRNAs)play essential regulatory roles during bud development,knowledge of how GMS is regulated by miRNAs in rapeseed is rather limited.In this study,we obtained a novel recessive GMS system,CN12AB.The sterile line CN12A has defects in tapetal diferentiation and degradation.llumina sequencing was employed to examine the expression of miRNAs in the buds of CN12A and the fertile line CN12B.We identifed 85 known miRNAs and 120 novel miRNAs that were expressed during rapeseed anther development.When comparing the expression levels of miRNAs between CN12A and CN12B,19 and 18 known miRNAs were found to be difrentially expressed in 0.5--1.0 mm buds and in 2.5--3.0 mm buds,respectively.Among these,the expression levels of 14 miRNAs were higher and the levels of 23 miRNAs were lower in CN12A compared with CN12B.The predicted target genes of these iferentially expressed miRNAS encode protein kinases,F-box domain-containing proteins,MADS-box family proteins,SBP-box gene family members,HD ZIP proteins,floral homeotic protein APETAL A 2(AP2)。and nuclear factor Y,subunit A.These targets have previously been reported to be involved in pollen development and male sterility,suggesting that miRNAs might act as regulators of GMS in rapeseed anthers.Furthermore,RT-qPCR data suggest that one of the dffrentially expressed miRNAs,bna-miR159,plays a role in tapetal differentiation by regulating the expression of transcription factor BnMYB101 and participates in tapetal degradation and infuences callose degradation by manipulating the expression of BnA6.These findings contibute to our understanding of the roles of miRNAs during anther development and the occurrence of GMS in rapeseed.
文摘BAC library for the Egyptian cotton Gossypiumbarbadense Giza 70,Giza 86,and Giza 75varieties have been constructed andcharacterized.The isolation and purification ofhigh molecular weight DNA from nucleiembedded in agarose microbeads was an essentialpart of this work.Several experimentalparameters were investigated
文摘Objective:To assess the molluscicidal effect of the eco-friendly green synthesized neem silver nanoparticles(neem-Ag NPs)against Biomphalaria alexandrina,the snail intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni,and their cercaricidal potential.Methods:Methanol extracts from neem fruits were used for green synthesis of neem-Ag NPs.The neem-Ag NPs were characterized using UV-visible absorption spectra,dynamic laser light scattering technique,and transmission electron microscopy.The potential molluscicidal effect against adult and juvenile Biomphalaria alexandrina and the effect of the sub-lethal concentration on hatching of snail eggs and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae were evaluated.Results:The surface plasmon resonance of neem-Ag NPs showed a sharp absorption peak atλ_(max)=518 nm together with multiple peaks.The hydrodynamic diameter was(77.15±34.53)nm,the polydispersity index(0.338±0.000)and the zeta-potential-14.07 mV.Moreover,transmission electron microscopy showed that the average size of the nanoparticles was(27±2)nm.Agglomeration was evident and a light-colored capping layer could be seen coating the nanoparticles.Juvenile snails(LC_(50):0.83 ppm)were more susceptible to neem-Ag NPs than adults(LC_(50):1.07 ppm).In addition,neem-Ag NPs and neem at LC_(50)concentrations inhibited the egg-hatching of snails and showed cercaricidal activity in a time-dependent manner.Conclusions:Neem-Ag NPs have lethal activities against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and their eggs,as well as Schistosoma mansoni cercariae.Hence,neem-Ag NPs could be a potential agent to control schistosomiasis.
文摘Long juvenile phase and lack of effective protocols for large scale vegetative propagation are limitations to domestication and improvement of the shea tree. The present study seeks to develop a protocol for plant regeneration of shea （Vitellaria paradoxa） from immature cotyledon explants. Embryogenic callus cultures were induced on Murashige and Skoog medium （MS） containing 3% sucrose, 0.24% Phytagel, and various concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） after four weeks of culture in darkness. Rates of embryogenic callus induction were significantly affected by the addition of 2, 4-D to the medium. Within 28 days of culture, the highest percentage of embyogenic calli （77.61%） occurred on MS media containing 0.45 ~tM of 2,4-D in the dark. Somatic embryos were obtained by culturing embryogenic callus （in the dark） on MS medium fortified with 3% sucrose, 0.24% phytagel and devoid of growth regulators. Culturing at 16 h photoperiod restricted both the induction of embryogenic calli cultures and somatic embryos. Somatic embryos germinated, developed shoots and rooted vigorously on MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Germinated plantlets were acclimatized, successfully.
文摘The massive extension in biological data induced a need for user-friendly bioinformatics tools could be used for routine biological data manipulation. Bioanalyzer is a simple analytical software implements a variety of tools to perform common data analysis on different biological data types and databases. Bioanalyzer provides general aspects of data analysis such as handling nucleotide data, fetching different data formats information, NGS quality control, data visualization, performing multiple sequence alignment and sequence BLAST. These tools accept common biological data formats and produce human-readable output files could be stored on local computer machines. Bioanalyzer has a user-friendly graphical user interface to simplify massive biological data analysis and consume less memory and processing power. Bioanalyzer source code was written through Python programming language which provides less memory usage and initial startup time. Bioanalyzer is a free and open source software, where its code could be modified, extended or integrated in different bioinformatics pipelines. Bioinformatics Produce huge data in FASTA and Genbank format which can be used to produce a lot of annotation information which can be done with Python programming language that open the door form bioinformatics tool due to their elasticity in data analysis and simplicity which inspire us to develop new multiple tool software able to manipulate FASTA and Genbank files. The goal Develop new software uses Genomic data files to produce annotated data. Software was written using python programming language and biopython packages.
基金supported by the Major Special Research Projects in Gansu Province,China(22ZD6NA009)the State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,China(GSCS-2022-Z02)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260549)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1900300)。
文摘The effect of nitrogen(N)fertilizer on the development of maize kernels has yet to be fully explored.MicroRNA-mRNA analyses could help advance our understanding of how kernels respond to N.This study analyzed the morphological,physiological,and transcriptomic changes in maize kernels under different N rates(0,100,200,and 300 kg ha–1).The result showed that increasing N application significantly increased maize grains’fresh and dry weight until N reached 200 kg ha–1.Higher levels of indole-3-acetic acid,cytokinin,gibberellin,and a lower level of ethylene were associated with increased N applications.We obtained 31 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in hormone synthesis and transduction,and 9 DEGs were regulated by 14 differentially expressed microRNAs(DEMIs)in 26 pairs.The candidate DEGs and DEMIs provide valuable insight for manipulating grain filling under different N rates.
文摘Finding water resources for the desert plants is one of the important research areas since it enables saving water resources.Bromus inermis plant was noticed to keep 5%of moisture in its rhizosphere zone;therefore,this study aimed to identify this source of water.Thirteen endophytic bacteria were isolated from the root of B.inermis and identified.Their specific respiration rate was determined.Alcaligenes faecalis showed the highest specific respiration rate.It is a facultative chemoautotrophic hydrogen-fixing bacterium that utilizes the hydrogen gas as energy source and the water is produced as an end product.The source of hydrogen gas for this bacterium is not only from air and soil gases but also from the hydrogen-producing bacteria such as Enterobacter spp.,which was among the isolated bacteria.The hydrogenases synthesizing genes(HoxC,HypA and HypB)were detected in most of the isolated bacteria and roots of four wild plants,out from 18 wild plant samples,epically the grains of the wild wheat plant.This result suggests that the hydrogen-fixing and hydrogen-producing bacteria transfer from the root through the plant to inhabit the grain/seeds.This can help the grain/seeds to germinate in drought environment.
文摘Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects motor neurons. It is caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron gene 1 (SMN1). The SMN2 gene, which is the highly homologous SMN1 copy that is present in all the patients, is unable to prevent the disease. An SMN2 dosage method was applied to 45 patients with the three SMA types (I-III) and to four pairs of siblings with chronic SMA (II-III)and different phenotypes. Our results confirm that the SMN2 copy number plays a key role in predicting acute or chronic SMA. However, siblings with different SMA phenotypes show an identical SMN2 copy number and identical markers, indicating that the genetic background around the SMA locus is insufficient to account for the intrafamilial variability. In our results, age of onset appears to be the most important predictor of disease severity in affected members of the same family. Given that SMN2 is regarded as a target for potential pharmacological therapies in SMA, the identification of genetic factors other than the SMN genes is necessary to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease in order to implement additional therapeutic approaches.
