The identification of genes increasing one’s risk of developing common,complex disorders like Parkinson’s disease(PD)can provide novel therapeutic opportunities.A prime example of this are the consequences of mutati...The identification of genes increasing one’s risk of developing common,complex disorders like Parkinson’s disease(PD)can provide novel therapeutic opportunities.A prime example of this are the consequences of mutations in GBA1,the gene responsible for the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease(GD).GD is a multi-system disorder,primarily affecting tissues of the reticuloendothelial system.A subset of patients with GD also have neuronopathic manifestations(types 2 and 3 GD).展开更多
In medical research,there are times when the introduction of a new tool can launch scientific discovery in new directions.While antibody development may be considered mundane,in the field of glucocerebrosidase(GCase)r...In medical research,there are times when the introduction of a new tool can launch scientific discovery in new directions.While antibody development may be considered mundane,in the field of glucocerebrosidase(GCase)research,the dearth of validated antibodies for different applications has impeded progress in studies of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic development.The recent introduction of new,rigorously evaluated antibodies can now propel research into the link between glucocerebrosidase and Parkinson’s disease(PD)as well as aspects of the pathobiology of Gaucher disease(Jong et al.,2024).展开更多
Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is a significant global crop that thrives in various climatic and drought-stress conditions.Furthermore,increased drought intervals and more significant weather variability resulting from cli...Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is a significant global crop that thrives in various climatic and drought-stress conditions.Furthermore,increased drought intervals and more significant weather variability resulting from climate change can affect the severity of plant diseases.Therefore,two primary objectives of integrated disease management regarding climate change are identifying cultivars resistant to foliar diseases and understanding disease progression under abiotic stress.In the current study,we assessed the quantitative foliar disease resistance of 17 commercial barley cultivars under both normal and water stress conditions over two growing seasons(from 2020/21 to 2021/22).The findings demonstrated a reduced incidence of foliar fungal diseases(leaf rust,net blotch,and powdery mildew)under severe drought stress relative to standard irrigated field conditions.The barley cultivars(Giza 130,Giza 131,and Giza 133)demonstrated significant differences across all disease resistance indices.In addition,the study aimed to molecularly characterize 17 commercial barley varieties using single-cell DNA testing(SCoT)to identify genetic polymorphism and specific markers for each genotype.Eight SCoT primers were employed to investigate the genetic polymorphism among 17 barley varieties.Furthermore,these cultivars exhibited optimal performance for the majority of agricultural attributes examined,both under normal and water-stressed conditions.展开更多
Precision health refers to personalized healthcare based on a person's unique genetic,genomic,or omic composition within the context of lifestyle,social,economic,cultural and environmental influences to help indiv...Precision health refers to personalized healthcare based on a person's unique genetic,genomic,or omic composition within the context of lifestyle,social,economic,cultural and environmental influences to help individuals achieve well-being and optimal health.Precision health utilizes big data sets that combine omics(i.e.genomic sequence,protein,metabolite,and microbiome information)with clinical information and health outcomes to optimize disease diagnosis,treatment and prevention specific to each patient.Successful implementation of precision health requires interprofessional collaboration,community outreach efforts,and coordination of care,a mission that nurses are well-positioned to lead.Despite the surge of interest and attention to precision health,most nurses are not well-versed in precision health or its implications for the nursing profession.Based on a critical analysis of literature and expert opinions,this paper provides an overview of precision health and the importance of engaging the nursing profession for its implementation.Other topics reviewed in this paper include big data and omics,information science,integration of family health history in precision health,and nursing omics research in symptom science.The paper concludes with recommendations for nurse leaders in research,education,clinical practice,nursing administration and policy settings for which to develop strategic plans to implement precision health.展开更多
Gaucher disease （GD） is a lysosomal storage disorder （LSD） affecting approximately 1 in 50,000 individuals in the general population. Mutations in both alleles of the GBA1 gene result in deficient glucocerebrosida...Gaucher disease （GD） is a lysosomal storage disorder （LSD） affecting approximately 1 in 50,000 individuals in the general population. Mutations in both alleles of the GBA1 gene result in deficient glucocerebrosidase （GCase） activity, which in turn leads to the accumulation of glycolipid substrates and impaired lysosomal function. GD is a multisystern disorder with a vast spectrum of clinical phenotvpes,展开更多
In the almost seven decades since the initial discovery of the lysosome as an organelle,our understanding of the role of lysosomes has greatly evolved.We now know lysosomal function encompasses far more than its tradi...In the almost seven decades since the initial discovery of the lysosome as an organelle,our understanding of the role of lysosomes has greatly evolved.We now know lysosomal function encompasses far more than its traditionally described role as the cell’s“garbage disposal”,referring to its well-established catabolic function.Lysosomes are integral to maintaining cellular health and viability,and they act as a major signaling hub within the cell(Ballabio and Bonifacino,2020).展开更多
Lysosomes are discrete organelles that act as recycling centers for extracellular and intracellular materials,playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Their acidic environment,maintained by numerous ...Lysosomes are discrete organelles that act as recycling centers for extracellular and intracellular materials,playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Their acidic environment,maintained by numerous hydrolytic enzymes,facilitates substrate degradation.Dysfunction in lysosomal processes can lead to abnormal substrate degradation,significantly impacting cellular homeostasis.High energy-demanding cells,such as post-mitotic neurons,are especially vulnerable to these changes,often resulting in neurological diseases.Autophagy,a conserved catabolic process,requires extensive lysosomal utilization.It plays a key role in removing unnecessary intracellular components,ensuring cellular homeostasis,and promoting cell survival during stress conditions such as starvation,infection,or cellular damage.展开更多
Objective:Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are clinically disparate primary liver cancers with etiological and biological heterogeneity.In Thailand,both cancer types represent the p...Objective:Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are clinically disparate primary liver cancers with etiological and biological heterogeneity.In Thailand,both cancer types represent the primary cause of cancer-related deaths and are a major public health concern.展开更多
Peroxisomes are organelles enclosed by a single membrane and are present in various species.The abruption of peroxisomes is correlated with peroxisome biogenesis disorders and single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies th...Peroxisomes are organelles enclosed by a single membrane and are present in various species.The abruption of peroxisomes is correlated with peroxisome biogenesis disorders and single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies that induce diverse diseases in different organs.However,little is known about the protein compositions and corresponding roles of heterogeneous peroxisomes in various organs.Through transcriptomic and proteomic analyses,we observed heterogenous peroxisomal components among different organs,as well as between testicular somatic cells and different developmental stages of germ cells.As Pex3 is expressed in both germ cells and Sertoli cells,we generated Pex3 germ cell-and Sertoli cell-specific knockout mice.While Pex3 deletion in Sertoli cells did not affect spermatogenesis,the deletion in germ cells resulted in male sterility,manifested as the destruction of intercellular bridges between spermatids and the formation of multinucleated giant cells.Proteomic analysis of the Pex3-deleted spermatids revealed defective expressions of peroxisomal proteins and spermiogenesis-related proteins.These findings provide new insights that PEX3-dependent peroxisomes are essential for germ cells undergoing spermiogenesis,but not for Sertoli cells.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)is a highly toxic heavy metal pollutant primarily introduced into the environment through anthropogenic activities.In plants,the absorption and retention of Cd lead to a cascade of morphological,physiologic...Cadmium(Cd)is a highly toxic heavy metal pollutant primarily introduced into the environment through anthropogenic activities.In plants,the absorption and retention of Cd lead to a cascade of morphological,physiological,and cytological alterations.Nigella sativa L.,also known as black cumin,is an annual herb with important commercial and medicinal uses.Thymoquinone,the primary bioactive compound in Nigella sativa L.,is renowned for its potential health benefits.The current experiment aimed to ascertain the effects of various concentrations(10,20,30,40 and 50 ppm)of cadmium nitrate(Cd(NO_(3+))_(2))on two Nigella sativa cultivars(AN20 and Desi),analyzing their biological,physiological,quantitative attributes and cytological abnormalities in the M1 generation.It adversely effects biological,morpho-physiological,quantitative attributes at higher concentrations(30,40 and 50 ppm).Morphological variations were observed in terms of cotyledonary leaf(shape and color),vegetative leaves(shape,size and color),plant height(tall and dwarf),growth pattern(bushy and unbranched),flower(no.of petals,androecium and gynoecium),capsules(no.of locules)and seeds(size,color and texture).With increasing cadmium concentration,both physiological and quantitative characteristics declined in a dose-dependent manner,while proline content increased correspondingly with higher concentrations of Cd(NO3)2.The maximum depreciation was found at the highest cadmium nitrate concentration(i.e.,50 ppm).Cadmium nitrate significantly impacts the desi cultivar more than the AN20 cultivar.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe stomatal morphology,which showed changes in stomatal size and structure.The variation in area percentage of compounds such as Thymoquinone;p-cymene;9-Octadecenoic acid;9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-,methyl ester;1,2,3-propanetriyl was detected by GC MS Analysis.The current study demonstrated that Nigella sativa cultivars AN20 and desi were successfully tested for induced mutagenesis,and it also offered a method that might be applied to future mutational breeding projects.展开更多
Determination of the somaclonal variation of in vitro-propagated plants is crucial to determine the appropriate micropropagation protocol and growth regulators for commercial scale multiplication.In this research,nine...Determination of the somaclonal variation of in vitro-propagated plants is crucial to determine the appropriate micropropagation protocol and growth regulators for commercial scale multiplication.In this research,nine multiplication media(MM)augmented with different concentrations of 6-benzyl adenine(BA),Kinetin(Kin),and Thidiazuron(TDZ),Three rooting media(RM)supplemented with three levels ofα-naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and three types of soil mixtures(v/v);Coco peat/Vermiculite/Sand(CVS),Peat moss/Perlite/Sand(PPS)and Peat moss/Perlite(PP)were used in the micropropagation protocol of daylily plants.MM2 showed the maximum shoot length and the number of leaves,while MM9 showed the maximum number of shoots.The RM1 showed the maximum root length and the number of roots.During acclimatization,CVS,PPS,and PP soil mixture showed similar performance except the CVS mixture showed lower performance regarding plant height and diameter.The genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants was evaluated using Start Codon Targeted(SCoT)Markers.Six SCoT primers amplified 51 scorable bands with an approximate range from 146 bp to 1598 bp size.Thirty one out of 51 loci were presented in the mother plants.40 loci were polymorphic,11 were monomorphic and 7 were unique.The amplification patterns of the micropropagated plants demonstrated genetic integrity to the mother plant ranging from 84.32 to 47.06 and somaclonal variations ranging from 52.94 with 5 mg/l BA pathway to 15.68 with 1mg/l TDZ pathway,thus demonstrating that the homogeneity and the variation of the micropropagated plants affected by the type and the quantity of the plant growth regulator used during multiplication subcultures.This research can be successfully used for other ornamental and medicinal plants’bulk multiplication,germplasm conservation,and future genetic improvement.展开更多
Early disease detection is extremely important in the treatment and prognosis of many diseases, especially cancer. Often, proteomic fingerprints and a pattern recognition algorithm are used to classify the pathologica...Early disease detection is extremely important in the treatment and prognosis of many diseases, especially cancer. Often, proteomic fingerprints and a pattern recognition algorithm are used to classify the pathological condition of a given individual. It has been argued that accurate classification of the existing data implies an underlying biological significance. Two fingerprint-based classifiers, decision tree and medoid classification algorithm, and a biomarker-based classifier were examined using a published dataset of mass spectral peaks from 81 healthy individuals and 78 individuals with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). For all three methods, classifiers were constructed using the original data and the data after permuting the labels of the samples (BPH and healthy). The fingerprint-based classifiers produced accurate results for the original data, though the peaks used in a given classifier depended upon which samples were placed in the training set. Accurate results were also obtained for the dataset with permuted labels. In contrast, only three unique peaks were identified as putative biomarkers, producing a small number of reasonably accurate biomarker-based classifiers. The dataset with permuted labels was poorly classified. Since fingerprint-based classifiers accurately classified the dataset with permuted labels, the argument for biological significance from a fingerprint-based classifier must be questioned.展开更多
The experimental data represented in the bibliography are theoretically analyzed to construct an adequate model for dynamics of an open nonequilibrium living system. It is shown that the viable microorganisms are capa...The experimental data represented in the bibliography are theoretically analyzed to construct an adequate model for dynamics of an open nonequilibrium living system. It is shown that the viable microorganisms are capable of forming the fractal structure, whose dimensionality is certainly non-integral. In addition, we have attempted to provide a generalized description of the properties of living and nonliving matter (in the addition to that described in work [1]). Relevant published data were used to demonstrate a fractal structure of the space in the vicinity of centrally gravitating bodies with satellites revolving around them along closed trajectories and serving as a kind of testers of the neighboring space. A local violation of its discontinuity is likely to be a necessary (yet not sufficient!) dynamic characteristic of the spatiotemporal continuum for self-organization of molecules into a living, i.e., self-replicating, system.展开更多
This present study includes twelve species that represent the Ficus genus,namely;aspera,carica,tinctoria subsp.gibbosa,hirta,hispida,neriifolia,palmata,pumila,racemosa,septica,sur,and sycomorus,belonging to the Morace...This present study includes twelve species that represent the Ficus genus,namely;aspera,carica,tinctoria subsp.gibbosa,hirta,hispida,neriifolia,palmata,pumila,racemosa,septica,sur,and sycomorus,belonging to the Moraceae family.The species samples were collected from various locations in Egypt.The study focused on the anatomical and molecular characteristics of mature foliage leaves.Since the identification and classification of taxa are highly dependent on the anatomical features of leaves,the anatomical characteristics were recorded in the form of a comparison between the examined plants in the data matrix.This study aims to contribute to the identification of the studied species based on the anatomical details of the matured leaves.Anatomical characterization includes the variations in upper and lower epidermal layers that are covered by a thin or thick cuticle;the number of palisade and spongy layers;crystals;secretory elements;lithocysts;the midrib zone has parenchyma associated with mechanical tissue,vascular system,and investigation of trichomes;on the other hand,in the current study,the phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using the ITS and 5.8 S sequences.From the analysis of all the available data,it could be stated that there is an overall agreement with the anatomical character dendrogram.展开更多
Background: Individuals at increased risk of melanoma should use sun-protective measures to decrease their risk of developing melanoma. Observation: We report a case of a 39-year-old patient with a CDKN2A mutation who...Background: Individuals at increased risk of melanoma should use sun-protective measures to decrease their risk of developing melanoma. Observation: We report a case of a 39-year-old patient with a CDKN2A mutation who developed 3 primary melanomas within a few years of initiating tanning bed use. Conclusion: Intense UV exposure as an adult likely contributed to the development of addition al primary melanomas in this individual.展开更多
Developing high-yield maize hybrids is critical for sustaining maize production,especially in the face of rapid climate changes and the growing global population.Exploring the genetic diversity and combining ability i...Developing high-yield maize hybrids is critical for sustaining maize production,especially in the face of rapid climate changes and the growing global population.Exploring the genetic diversity and combining ability in parental inbreds is needed for developing such high-yielding hybrids.Consequently,this study aimed at evaluating parental genetic diversity employing simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers,estimating effects of general(GCA)and specific(SCA)combining abilities for grain yield and yield contributing characters,identifying high yielding hybrids,and evaluating the association of SCA effects and performance of hybrids with genetic distance.Half-diallel mating scheme was utilized to develop 21 F_(1) hybrids from seven diverse maize inbred lines.The F_(1) hybrids along with check hybrid(SC-10),were investigated in a field trial over two growing seasons under arid conditions.The assessed F_(1) hybrids displayed significant genetic variations across all recorded traits.The inbreds P_(1) and P_(3) were detected as effective combiners to develop early maturing hybrids.Additionally,P_(3) and P_(4) were recognized as better combiners for improving grain yield and yield attributed characters.The hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) displayed significant SCA effects coupled with favorable agronomic performance.These hybrids are recommended for further evaluation and release as variety for arid environments to increase total maize production and contribute to food security.The alleles per locus differed between 2 and 5,with average of 3.5 alleles/locus.The polymorphic information content(PIC)altered between 0.21 to 0.74,with a mean of 0.56.Unweighted neighbor-joining tree grouped the inbred lines into three clusters,providing a valuable tool to decrease the crosses needed to be assessed in the trial field.Parental genetic distance varied from 0.63 to 0.90,averaging 0.79.The relationship between genetic diversity assessed through SSR markers and SCA effects was insignificant for all considered traits.Otherwise,SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting that SCA serves as a reliable predictor for hybrid performance.The assessed maize inbred lines and developed hybrids revealed substantial genetic variability,offering valuable resources for enhancing maize productivity under arid conditions.The identified promising inbred lines(P_(1),P_(3),and P_(4))might be regarded as effective combiners for developing early-maturing genotypes and excellent combiners for enhancing yield attributes.Notably,the developed hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) possessed significant SCA alongside superior yield traits.SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting its potential as a reliable predictor for the performance of developed hybrids.展开更多
基因选择通常是在基因空间中进行的.由于基因空间的维数(基因数目)比该空间中的样本数要多得多,这种做法存在严重的维数发难(curse of dimensionality)问题,其结果是在基因空间中所建立数据模型难于获得满意的精度,基于所建立模型的基...基因选择通常是在基因空间中进行的.由于基因空间的维数(基因数目)比该空间中的样本数要多得多,这种做法存在严重的维数发难(curse of dimensionality)问题,其结果是在基因空间中所建立数据模型难于获得满意的精度,基于所建立模型的基因选择结果可信度低.如何对具有极少样本的极高维空间进行特征选择(基因选择)是一个极具挑战性的课题.将基因空间变换为它的对偶空间,称为类别空间,从而空间的维数仅为基因空间中样本的类别数,空间中的样本数则为基因空间的维数.显然,在类别空间中不存在任何维数发难现象;提出了在类别空间中基于将不同的类尽可能分开的原则、并借助主分量分析的基于类别空间基因选择方法.对真实基因数据的基因选择实验,并通过Fisher指标、加权Fisher指标以及leave-one-out cross validation等可分性指标,与其他两种基因选择方法进行了深入的比较,结果表明该方法是十分有效的.展开更多
The scent of receptive females as a signal to reproduction stimulates male mice to olfactory search of a potential breeding partner.This searching behavior is coupled with infection risk due to bacterial contamination...The scent of receptive females as a signal to reproduction stimulates male mice to olfactory search of a potential breeding partner.This searching behavior is coupled with infection risk due to bacterial contamination of the fecal and urine scent marks.We hypothesized that sniffing of female soiled bedding induced the migration of immuno-competent cells into airways as a possible adaptation to breeding-related infection.Using bronchoalveolar lavage in a study on mice,we found the number of leukocytes to be significantly higher in male mice that were provided new portions of soiled bedding daily from female cages,in comparison with male mice that were kept in isolation from female scent.The number of leukocytes in blood was equal in both groups.However,monocytes were fewer in number in male mice exposed to female scent than in male mice isolated from female mice.Scent-induced migration of leukocytes was accompanied by typical behavioral(increased sniffing activity and aggressiveness)and morpho-logical(increase preputial glands and seminal vesicles)responses to olfactory sexual stimulus.展开更多
Colleagues,It is our great pleasure to introduce you to the Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering(FASE),a new international journal launched in 2014.FASE was founded jointly by the Chinese Academy of Engin...Colleagues,It is our great pleasure to introduce you to the Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering(FASE),a new international journal launched in 2014.FASE was founded jointly by the Chinese Academy of Engineering,China Agricultural University and Higher Education Press of China.展开更多
文摘The identification of genes increasing one’s risk of developing common,complex disorders like Parkinson’s disease(PD)can provide novel therapeutic opportunities.A prime example of this are the consequences of mutations in GBA1,the gene responsible for the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease(GD).GD is a multi-system disorder,primarily affecting tissues of the reticuloendothelial system.A subset of patients with GD also have neuronopathic manifestations(types 2 and 3 GD).
文摘In medical research,there are times when the introduction of a new tool can launch scientific discovery in new directions.While antibody development may be considered mundane,in the field of glucocerebrosidase(GCase)research,the dearth of validated antibodies for different applications has impeded progress in studies of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic development.The recent introduction of new,rigorously evaluated antibodies can now propel research into the link between glucocerebrosidase and Parkinson’s disease(PD)as well as aspects of the pathobiology of Gaucher disease(Jong et al.,2024).
基金The authors express their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work under grant number RGP2/233/45the support provided by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at King FaisalUniversity,Saudi Arabia,under Project No.KFU242905funding from Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University through the Research Supporting Project Number PNURSP2025R241 in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is a significant global crop that thrives in various climatic and drought-stress conditions.Furthermore,increased drought intervals and more significant weather variability resulting from climate change can affect the severity of plant diseases.Therefore,two primary objectives of integrated disease management regarding climate change are identifying cultivars resistant to foliar diseases and understanding disease progression under abiotic stress.In the current study,we assessed the quantitative foliar disease resistance of 17 commercial barley cultivars under both normal and water stress conditions over two growing seasons(from 2020/21 to 2021/22).The findings demonstrated a reduced incidence of foliar fungal diseases(leaf rust,net blotch,and powdery mildew)under severe drought stress relative to standard irrigated field conditions.The barley cultivars(Giza 130,Giza 131,and Giza 133)demonstrated significant differences across all disease resistance indices.In addition,the study aimed to molecularly characterize 17 commercial barley varieties using single-cell DNA testing(SCoT)to identify genetic polymorphism and specific markers for each genotype.Eight SCoT primers were employed to investigate the genetic polymorphism among 17 barley varieties.Furthermore,these cultivars exhibited optimal performance for the majority of agricultural attributes examined,both under normal and water-stressed conditions.
基金Emma Kurnat-Thoma,PhD,MS,RN is supported by an NIH/NINR Clinical and Translational Postdoctoral Intramural Research Training Award.
文摘Precision health refers to personalized healthcare based on a person's unique genetic,genomic,or omic composition within the context of lifestyle,social,economic,cultural and environmental influences to help individuals achieve well-being and optimal health.Precision health utilizes big data sets that combine omics(i.e.genomic sequence,protein,metabolite,and microbiome information)with clinical information and health outcomes to optimize disease diagnosis,treatment and prevention specific to each patient.Successful implementation of precision health requires interprofessional collaboration,community outreach efforts,and coordination of care,a mission that nurses are well-positioned to lead.Despite the surge of interest and attention to precision health,most nurses are not well-versed in precision health or its implications for the nursing profession.Based on a critical analysis of literature and expert opinions,this paper provides an overview of precision health and the importance of engaging the nursing profession for its implementation.Other topics reviewed in this paper include big data and omics,information science,integration of family health history in precision health,and nursing omics research in symptom science.The paper concludes with recommendations for nurse leaders in research,education,clinical practice,nursing administration and policy settings for which to develop strategic plans to implement precision health.
基金supported by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Human Genome Research Institute and the National Institutes of Health
文摘Gaucher disease （GD） is a lysosomal storage disorder （LSD） affecting approximately 1 in 50,000 individuals in the general population. Mutations in both alleles of the GBA1 gene result in deficient glucocerebrosidase （GCase） activity, which in turn leads to the accumulation of glycolipid substrates and impaired lysosomal function. GD is a multisystern disorder with a vast spectrum of clinical phenotvpes,
文摘In the almost seven decades since the initial discovery of the lysosome as an organelle,our understanding of the role of lysosomes has greatly evolved.We now know lysosomal function encompasses far more than its traditionally described role as the cell’s“garbage disposal”,referring to its well-established catabolic function.Lysosomes are integral to maintaining cellular health and viability,and they act as a major signaling hub within the cell(Ballabio and Bonifacino,2020).
文摘Lysosomes are discrete organelles that act as recycling centers for extracellular and intracellular materials,playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Their acidic environment,maintained by numerous hydrolytic enzymes,facilitates substrate degradation.Dysfunction in lysosomal processes can lead to abnormal substrate degradation,significantly impacting cellular homeostasis.High energy-demanding cells,such as post-mitotic neurons,are especially vulnerable to these changes,often resulting in neurological diseases.Autophagy,a conserved catabolic process,requires extensive lysosomal utilization.It plays a key role in removing unnecessary intracellular components,ensuring cellular homeostasis,and promoting cell survival during stress conditions such as starvation,infection,or cellular damage.
文摘Objective:Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are clinically disparate primary liver cancers with etiological and biological heterogeneity.In Thailand,both cancer types represent the primary cause of cancer-related deaths and are a major public health concern.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31890784 to J.S.)National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2021YFC2700200 to X.G.)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92068109 and 82122025 to Yan Yuan)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.21KJA310007 to Yan Yuan)Science Foundation of Gusu School(Grant No.GSKY20220101 to J.S.).
文摘Peroxisomes are organelles enclosed by a single membrane and are present in various species.The abruption of peroxisomes is correlated with peroxisome biogenesis disorders and single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies that induce diverse diseases in different organs.However,little is known about the protein compositions and corresponding roles of heterogeneous peroxisomes in various organs.Through transcriptomic and proteomic analyses,we observed heterogenous peroxisomal components among different organs,as well as between testicular somatic cells and different developmental stages of germ cells.As Pex3 is expressed in both germ cells and Sertoli cells,we generated Pex3 germ cell-and Sertoli cell-specific knockout mice.While Pex3 deletion in Sertoli cells did not affect spermatogenesis,the deletion in germ cells resulted in male sterility,manifested as the destruction of intercellular bridges between spermatids and the formation of multinucleated giant cells.Proteomic analysis of the Pex3-deleted spermatids revealed defective expressions of peroxisomal proteins and spermiogenesis-related proteins.These findings provide new insights that PEX3-dependent peroxisomes are essential for germ cells undergoing spermiogenesis,but not for Sertoli cells.
基金funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2024R318)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Cadmium(Cd)is a highly toxic heavy metal pollutant primarily introduced into the environment through anthropogenic activities.In plants,the absorption and retention of Cd lead to a cascade of morphological,physiological,and cytological alterations.Nigella sativa L.,also known as black cumin,is an annual herb with important commercial and medicinal uses.Thymoquinone,the primary bioactive compound in Nigella sativa L.,is renowned for its potential health benefits.The current experiment aimed to ascertain the effects of various concentrations(10,20,30,40 and 50 ppm)of cadmium nitrate(Cd(NO_(3+))_(2))on two Nigella sativa cultivars(AN20 and Desi),analyzing their biological,physiological,quantitative attributes and cytological abnormalities in the M1 generation.It adversely effects biological,morpho-physiological,quantitative attributes at higher concentrations(30,40 and 50 ppm).Morphological variations were observed in terms of cotyledonary leaf(shape and color),vegetative leaves(shape,size and color),plant height(tall and dwarf),growth pattern(bushy and unbranched),flower(no.of petals,androecium and gynoecium),capsules(no.of locules)and seeds(size,color and texture).With increasing cadmium concentration,both physiological and quantitative characteristics declined in a dose-dependent manner,while proline content increased correspondingly with higher concentrations of Cd(NO3)2.The maximum depreciation was found at the highest cadmium nitrate concentration(i.e.,50 ppm).Cadmium nitrate significantly impacts the desi cultivar more than the AN20 cultivar.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe stomatal morphology,which showed changes in stomatal size and structure.The variation in area percentage of compounds such as Thymoquinone;p-cymene;9-Octadecenoic acid;9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-,methyl ester;1,2,3-propanetriyl was detected by GC MS Analysis.The current study demonstrated that Nigella sativa cultivars AN20 and desi were successfully tested for induced mutagenesis,and it also offered a method that might be applied to future mutational breeding projects.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia[Project No.GRANT3039]the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number(PNURSP2023R318),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Determination of the somaclonal variation of in vitro-propagated plants is crucial to determine the appropriate micropropagation protocol and growth regulators for commercial scale multiplication.In this research,nine multiplication media(MM)augmented with different concentrations of 6-benzyl adenine(BA),Kinetin(Kin),and Thidiazuron(TDZ),Three rooting media(RM)supplemented with three levels ofα-naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and three types of soil mixtures(v/v);Coco peat/Vermiculite/Sand(CVS),Peat moss/Perlite/Sand(PPS)and Peat moss/Perlite(PP)were used in the micropropagation protocol of daylily plants.MM2 showed the maximum shoot length and the number of leaves,while MM9 showed the maximum number of shoots.The RM1 showed the maximum root length and the number of roots.During acclimatization,CVS,PPS,and PP soil mixture showed similar performance except the CVS mixture showed lower performance regarding plant height and diameter.The genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants was evaluated using Start Codon Targeted(SCoT)Markers.Six SCoT primers amplified 51 scorable bands with an approximate range from 146 bp to 1598 bp size.Thirty one out of 51 loci were presented in the mother plants.40 loci were polymorphic,11 were monomorphic and 7 were unique.The amplification patterns of the micropropagated plants demonstrated genetic integrity to the mother plant ranging from 84.32 to 47.06 and somaclonal variations ranging from 52.94 with 5 mg/l BA pathway to 15.68 with 1mg/l TDZ pathway,thus demonstrating that the homogeneity and the variation of the micropropagated plants affected by the type and the quantity of the plant growth regulator used during multiplication subcultures.This research can be successfully used for other ornamental and medicinal plants’bulk multiplication,germplasm conservation,and future genetic improvement.
文摘Early disease detection is extremely important in the treatment and prognosis of many diseases, especially cancer. Often, proteomic fingerprints and a pattern recognition algorithm are used to classify the pathological condition of a given individual. It has been argued that accurate classification of the existing data implies an underlying biological significance. Two fingerprint-based classifiers, decision tree and medoid classification algorithm, and a biomarker-based classifier were examined using a published dataset of mass spectral peaks from 81 healthy individuals and 78 individuals with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). For all three methods, classifiers were constructed using the original data and the data after permuting the labels of the samples (BPH and healthy). The fingerprint-based classifiers produced accurate results for the original data, though the peaks used in a given classifier depended upon which samples were placed in the training set. Accurate results were also obtained for the dataset with permuted labels. In contrast, only three unique peaks were identified as putative biomarkers, producing a small number of reasonably accurate biomarker-based classifiers. The dataset with permuted labels was poorly classified. Since fingerprint-based classifiers accurately classified the dataset with permuted labels, the argument for biological significance from a fingerprint-based classifier must be questioned.
文摘The experimental data represented in the bibliography are theoretically analyzed to construct an adequate model for dynamics of an open nonequilibrium living system. It is shown that the viable microorganisms are capable of forming the fractal structure, whose dimensionality is certainly non-integral. In addition, we have attempted to provide a generalized description of the properties of living and nonliving matter (in the addition to that described in work [1]). Relevant published data were used to demonstrate a fractal structure of the space in the vicinity of centrally gravitating bodies with satellites revolving around them along closed trajectories and serving as a kind of testers of the neighboring space. A local violation of its discontinuity is likely to be a necessary (yet not sufficient!) dynamic characteristic of the spatiotemporal continuum for self-organization of molecules into a living, i.e., self-replicating, system.
文摘This present study includes twelve species that represent the Ficus genus,namely;aspera,carica,tinctoria subsp.gibbosa,hirta,hispida,neriifolia,palmata,pumila,racemosa,septica,sur,and sycomorus,belonging to the Moraceae family.The species samples were collected from various locations in Egypt.The study focused on the anatomical and molecular characteristics of mature foliage leaves.Since the identification and classification of taxa are highly dependent on the anatomical features of leaves,the anatomical characteristics were recorded in the form of a comparison between the examined plants in the data matrix.This study aims to contribute to the identification of the studied species based on the anatomical details of the matured leaves.Anatomical characterization includes the variations in upper and lower epidermal layers that are covered by a thin or thick cuticle;the number of palisade and spongy layers;crystals;secretory elements;lithocysts;the midrib zone has parenchyma associated with mechanical tissue,vascular system,and investigation of trichomes;on the other hand,in the current study,the phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using the ITS and 5.8 S sequences.From the analysis of all the available data,it could be stated that there is an overall agreement with the anatomical character dendrogram.
文摘Background: Individuals at increased risk of melanoma should use sun-protective measures to decrease their risk of developing melanoma. Observation: We report a case of a 39-year-old patient with a CDKN2A mutation who developed 3 primary melanomas within a few years of initiating tanning bed use. Conclusion: Intense UV exposure as an adult likely contributed to the development of addition al primary melanomas in this individual.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2024R318)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/342/45supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia(KFU241870).
文摘Developing high-yield maize hybrids is critical for sustaining maize production,especially in the face of rapid climate changes and the growing global population.Exploring the genetic diversity and combining ability in parental inbreds is needed for developing such high-yielding hybrids.Consequently,this study aimed at evaluating parental genetic diversity employing simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers,estimating effects of general(GCA)and specific(SCA)combining abilities for grain yield and yield contributing characters,identifying high yielding hybrids,and evaluating the association of SCA effects and performance of hybrids with genetic distance.Half-diallel mating scheme was utilized to develop 21 F_(1) hybrids from seven diverse maize inbred lines.The F_(1) hybrids along with check hybrid(SC-10),were investigated in a field trial over two growing seasons under arid conditions.The assessed F_(1) hybrids displayed significant genetic variations across all recorded traits.The inbreds P_(1) and P_(3) were detected as effective combiners to develop early maturing hybrids.Additionally,P_(3) and P_(4) were recognized as better combiners for improving grain yield and yield attributed characters.The hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) displayed significant SCA effects coupled with favorable agronomic performance.These hybrids are recommended for further evaluation and release as variety for arid environments to increase total maize production and contribute to food security.The alleles per locus differed between 2 and 5,with average of 3.5 alleles/locus.The polymorphic information content(PIC)altered between 0.21 to 0.74,with a mean of 0.56.Unweighted neighbor-joining tree grouped the inbred lines into three clusters,providing a valuable tool to decrease the crosses needed to be assessed in the trial field.Parental genetic distance varied from 0.63 to 0.90,averaging 0.79.The relationship between genetic diversity assessed through SSR markers and SCA effects was insignificant for all considered traits.Otherwise,SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting that SCA serves as a reliable predictor for hybrid performance.The assessed maize inbred lines and developed hybrids revealed substantial genetic variability,offering valuable resources for enhancing maize productivity under arid conditions.The identified promising inbred lines(P_(1),P_(3),and P_(4))might be regarded as effective combiners for developing early-maturing genotypes and excellent combiners for enhancing yield attributes.Notably,the developed hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) possessed significant SCA alongside superior yield traits.SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting its potential as a reliable predictor for the performance of developed hybrids.
文摘基因选择通常是在基因空间中进行的.由于基因空间的维数(基因数目)比该空间中的样本数要多得多,这种做法存在严重的维数发难(curse of dimensionality)问题,其结果是在基因空间中所建立数据模型难于获得满意的精度,基于所建立模型的基因选择结果可信度低.如何对具有极少样本的极高维空间进行特征选择(基因选择)是一个极具挑战性的课题.将基因空间变换为它的对偶空间,称为类别空间,从而空间的维数仅为基因空间中样本的类别数,空间中的样本数则为基因空间的维数.显然,在类别空间中不存在任何维数发难现象;提出了在类别空间中基于将不同的类尽可能分开的原则、并借助主分量分析的基于类别空间基因选择方法.对真实基因数据的基因选择实验,并通过Fisher指标、加权Fisher指标以及leave-one-out cross validation等可分性指标,与其他两种基因选择方法进行了深入的比较,结果表明该方法是十分有效的.
基金supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(No.08-04-00406)the Heiwa Nakajima Foundation(Japan)。
文摘The scent of receptive females as a signal to reproduction stimulates male mice to olfactory search of a potential breeding partner.This searching behavior is coupled with infection risk due to bacterial contamination of the fecal and urine scent marks.We hypothesized that sniffing of female soiled bedding induced the migration of immuno-competent cells into airways as a possible adaptation to breeding-related infection.Using bronchoalveolar lavage in a study on mice,we found the number of leukocytes to be significantly higher in male mice that were provided new portions of soiled bedding daily from female cages,in comparison with male mice that were kept in isolation from female scent.The number of leukocytes in blood was equal in both groups.However,monocytes were fewer in number in male mice exposed to female scent than in male mice isolated from female mice.Scent-induced migration of leukocytes was accompanied by typical behavioral(increased sniffing activity and aggressiveness)and morpho-logical(increase preputial glands and seminal vesicles)responses to olfactory sexual stimulus.
文摘Colleagues,It is our great pleasure to introduce you to the Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering(FASE),a new international journal launched in 2014.FASE was founded jointly by the Chinese Academy of Engineering,China Agricultural University and Higher Education Press of China.
