This paper collected and arranged competitive scientific research projects undertaken by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in 2003-2014. Through statistica...This paper collected and arranged competitive scientific research projects undertaken by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in 2003-2014. Through statistical analysis on quantity of projects,funded amount,age of person responsible,professional title of person responsible,academic degree of person responsible,research object,it discussed relevant characteristics and rules. Finally,it came up with pertinent measures and recommendations,in the hope of providing services for decision-making and scientific and technological management.展开更多
Taking Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute( TCGRI) of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences( CATAS) as an example,this paper discussed current situation of construction of sci-tech platform,analyzed...Taking Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute( TCGRI) of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences( CATAS) as an example,this paper discussed current situation of construction of sci-tech platform,analyzed existing problems,and finally came up with pertinent recommendations.展开更多
A total of 398 chili pepper germplasms were used as test materials and genetic diversity and correlation analysis were performed on 17 botanical traits. The results of diversity analysis showed that the diversity inde...A total of 398 chili pepper germplasms were used as test materials and genetic diversity and correlation analysis were performed on 17 botanical traits. The results of diversity analysis showed that the diversity indexes of the 17 botanical traits ranged from 0.15 to 5.97 with the average value of 4.12. The data distributions of 11 quantitative traits were more dispersed than qualitative traits. The average value of eoefficient of variation was 36.90% and the variation ranges were one to six times larger than the average value. The results of correlation analysis showed that plant height had significantly positive correlations with plant breadth, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, the frrst flower node and carpopodium length. The In＇st flower node was significantly negatively correlated with fruit length, fruit width, flesh thickness and weight per fruit and signifieantly positively correlated with plant height and plant breadth. The flesh thickness was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width and carpopodium length. The weight per fruit was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width, carpopodium length and flesh thickness. Materials with low first flower node, moderate plant height and width and large fruit should be selected for the breeding of early-maturing and high-yield chili pepper varieties. The genetic distances between chili pepper traits were calculated based on the genotypic values of the 11 quantitative traits. The genetic distances between different traits ranged from 14.26 to 32.99. The 11 quantitative traits were divided into seven groups when the rescaled distance was ten, which further clarified the relationships between different traits. The research results laid a solid foundation for the new variety breeding of chili pepper.展开更多
Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.),an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions,possesses substantial economic value.The branchand leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and...Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.),an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions,possesses substantial economic value.The branchand leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and quality.However,due to limitations such as the density of the genetic linkage map,there have been few studies on mapping QTLs of branch-and leaf-related traits.In this study,a high-density genetic map was constructed by next-generation sequencing(NGS)using an F_(1) population of 264 progenies,derived from the cross between the cultivars‘Sanyuehong'and‘Ziniangxi'.A total of 2574 high-quality BINs(binomial intervals)were obtained,and a genetic linkage map was constructed with a total length of 1753.3 cM and an average marker distance of 0.68 cM.With the genetic map and the phenotyping of single leaf length(SLL),single leaf width(SLW),leaf shape index(LSI),weight of specific leaf(WSL),petiole length(PL)and compound leaf length(CLL)measured in three seasons,11,9,9,10,9 and 12 QTLs were detected for SLL,SLW,WSL,LSI,PL and CLL traits,respectively.Among these QTLs,five QTLs were consistently detected in two seasons and 12 pleiotropic QTLs were identified for at least two traits.These findings will provide new insights for the gene cloning for branch-and leaf-related traits as well as marker-assisted selection(MAS).展开更多
Coat color polymorphism in domestic animals provides a robust framework for elucidating mechanisms of species adaptation,domestication,and genomic diversity.Leiqiong cattle,a representative indicine breed from souther...Coat color polymorphism in domestic animals provides a robust framework for elucidating mechanisms of species adaptation,domestication,and genomic diversity.Leiqiong cattle,a representative indicine breed from southern China,are predominantly yellow-coated,although a subset exhibits a solid black phenotype.To determine the genetic basis of this variation,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)was performed in 212 Leiqiong bulls.A pronounced association signal was detected on chromosome 6 within the fifth intron of the CORIN gene,providing the first evidence of the potential influence of CORIN on bovine coat color variation.Integration of these results with publicly available genomic datasets and haplotype analyses indicated that the yellow coat phenotype is derived from Indian indicine ancestry,whereas the black coat phenotype emerged through introgression from wild bovine lineages and artificial hybridization with Wagyu cattle.Comparative analysis of Indian indicine cattle with divergent coat colors revealed distinct LEF1 haplotypes within a shared CORIN background,suggesting an ancient and complex domestication history underlying coat color variation.These findings provide direct evidence that introgression has shaped phenotypic variation in East Asian cattle and offer novel insights into the genetic architecture of pigmentation,with implications for future breeding strategies.展开更多
A hybrid Ft population was obtained by crossing between mango cultivars ＇ Jinhuang＇ and ＇ Guifei＇. Among the hybrid population, 98 F1 plants were selected as the mapping population. The molecular genetic map of ma...A hybrid Ft population was obtained by crossing between mango cultivars ＇ Jinhuang＇ and ＇ Guifei＇. Among the hybrid population, 98 F1 plants were selected as the mapping population. The molecular genetic map of mango was constructed by linkage analysis by SRAP, AFLP and ISSR markers using Joinmap4. 0 software. The genetic linkage map consisted of 33 linkage groups, with a total genetic distance of 1 561.1 cM. Moreover, the genetic linkage map involved 245 polymorphic markers, including 149 SRAP markers, 90 AFLP markers and 6 ISSR markers, with an average genetic distance of 6.37 cM. This study laid a founda- tion for further investigation of the important agronomic traits of mango.展开更多
Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide. Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice. Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic...Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide. Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice. Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic basis in cultivated rice. However, many populations of wild rice species have disappeared in the past few years. Therefore, the current status of wild rice resources should be updated and the genetic diversity of wild rice species should be examined for further germplasm preservation and utilization. Our investigations showed that the number of natural wild rice populations declined sharply in Yunnan Province during the past few years due to various reasons. Fortunately, one population of Oryza rufipogon, three of O officinalis and ten of O. granulata have been newly found in different ecological sites, which were confirmed by inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） marker analysis in this study. ISSR analysis and investigation of some important traits of nutritional values indicated that the genetic diversity of the currently existing wild rice resources in Yunnan is still rich. The demonstration of genetic diversity of wild rice by a combined use of geographical distribution, morphological traits, nutrition contents and ISSR markers would be helpful for the conservation and exploration of these important wild rice resources.展开更多
Bitter gourd(Momordica charantia)is a popular cultivated vegetable in Asian and African countries.To reveal the characteristics of the genomic structure,evolutionary trajectory,and genetic basis underlying the domesti...Bitter gourd(Momordica charantia)is a popular cultivated vegetable in Asian and African countries.To reveal the characteristics of the genomic structure,evolutionary trajectory,and genetic basis underlying the domestication of bitter gourd,we performed whole-genome sequencing of the cultivar Dali-11 and the wild small-fruited line TR and resequencing of 187 bitter gourd germplasms from 16 countries.The major gene clusters(Bi clusters)for the biosynthesis of cucurbitane triterpenoids,which confer a bitter taste,are highly conserved in cucumber,melon,and watermelon.Comparative analysis among cucurbit genomes revealed that the Bi cluster involved in cucurbitane triterpenoid biosynthesis is absent in bitter gourd.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the TR group,including 21 bitter gourd germplasms,may belong to a new species or subspecies independent from M.charantia.Furthermore,we found that the remaining 166 M.charantia germplasms are geographically differentiated,and we identified 710,412,and 290 candidate domestication genes in the South Asia,Southeast Asia,and China populations,respectively.This study provides new insights into bitter gourd genetic diversity and domestication and will facilitate the future genomics-enabled improvement of bitter gourd.展开更多
Fusarium wilt seriously affects the yield and quality of Momordica charantia L.Breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to control Fusarium wilt in M.charantia L.This study had compreh...Fusarium wilt seriously affects the yield and quality of Momordica charantia L.Breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to control Fusarium wilt in M.charantia L.This study had comprehensively conducted pathogen identification of Fusarium wilt,resistance evaluation of M.charantia L.germplasm to Fusarium wilt,and genetic analysis of Fusarium wilt resistance in M.charantia L.,so as to provide reference for breeding resistant varieties and accelerating the breeding process.展开更多
Grapevine is one of the most economically important crops worldwide.However,the previous versions of the grapevine reference genome tipically consist of thousands of fragments with missing centromeres and telomeres,li...Grapevine is one of the most economically important crops worldwide.However,the previous versions of the grapevine reference genome tipically consist of thousands of fragments with missing centromeres and telomeres,limiting the accessibility of the repetitive sequences,the centromeric and telomeric regions,and the study of inheritance of important agronomic traits in these regions.Here,we assembled a telomere-to-telomere(T2T)gap-free reference genome for the cultivar PN40024 using PacBio HiFi long reads.The T2T reference genome(PN_T2T)is 69 Mb longer with 9018 more genes identified than the 12X.v0 version.We annotated 67%repetitive sequences,19 centromeres and 36 telomeres,and incorporated gene annotations of previous versions into the PN_T2T assembly.We detected a total of 377 gene clusters,which showed associations with complex traits,such as aroma and disease resistance.Even though PN40024 derives from nine generations of selfing,we still found nine genomic hotspots of heterozygous sites associated with biological processes,such as the oxidation–reduction process and protein phosphorylation.The fully annotated complete reference genome therefore constitutes an important resource for grapevine genetic studies and breeding programs.展开更多
Teinturier grapes are characterized by the typical accumulation of anthocyanins in grape skin,flesh,and vegetative tissues,endowing them with high utility value in red wine blending and nutrient-enriched foods develop...Teinturier grapes are characterized by the typical accumulation of anthocyanins in grape skin,flesh,and vegetative tissues,endowing them with high utility value in red wine blending and nutrient-enriched foods developing.However,due to the lack of genome information,the mechanism involved in regulating teinturier grape coloring has not yet been elucidated and their genetic utilization research is still insufficient.Here,the cultivar‘Yan73’was used for assembling the telomere-to-telomere(T2T)genome of teinturier grapes by combining the High Fidelity(HiFi),Hi-C and ultralong Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT)reads.Two haplotype genomes were assembled,at the sizes of 501.68 Mb and 493.38 Mb,respectively.In the haplotype 1 genome,the transposable elements(TEs)contained 32.77%of long terminal repeats(LTRs),while in the haplotype 2 genome,31.53%of LTRs were detected in TEs.Furthermore,obvious inversions were identified in chromosome 18 between the two haplotypes.Transcriptome profiling suggested that the gene expression patterns in‘Cabernet Sauvignon’and‘Yan73’were diverse depending on tissues,developmental stages,and varieties.The transcription program of genes in the anthocyanins biosynthesis pathway between the two cultivars exhibited high similarity in different tissues and developmental stages,whereas the expression levels of numerous genes showed significant differences.Compared with other genes,the expression levels of VvMYBA1 and VvUFGT4 in all samples,VvCHS2 except in young shoots and VvPAL9 except in the E-L23 stage of‘Yan73’were higher than those of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’.Further sequence alignments revealed potential variant gene loci and structure variations of anthocyanins biosynthesis related genes and a 816 bp sequence insertion was found in the promoter of VvMYBA1 of‘Yan73’haplotype 2 genome.The‘Yan73’T2T genome assembly and comparative analysis provided valuable foundations for further revealing the coloring mechanism of teinturier grapes and the genetic improvement of grape coloring traits.展开更多
Taking 65 cherry tomato core germplasms as experimental materials,the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits were analyzed.The correlation between any two of the seven agronomic traits and the genetic relationshi...Taking 65 cherry tomato core germplasms as experimental materials,the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits were analyzed.The correlation between any two of the seven agronomic traits and the genetic relationships of these germplasms were analyzed based on genotypic values.The genetic diversity indices of the seven agronomic traits were 4.15,4.13,4.16,4.13,4.13,4.13 and 4.01,respectively,showing that the cherry tomato core collection had abundant genetic diversity.The correlation analysis between traits based on genotype effect values showed that leaf length was significantly correlated with leaf width with the correlation coefficient of 0.56.The fruit width was significantly correlated with fruit length with the correlation coefficient of 0.52.The flesh thickness was significantly correlated with fruit length and fruit width with the correlation coefficients of 0.49 and 0.39,respectively.The single fruit weight was significantly correlated with fruit length,fruit width and flesh thickness with the correlation coefficients of 0.44,0.61 and 0.62,respectively.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the phenotypic values,65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into three groups with the rescaled distance of 10.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the genotypic values,the 65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into four groups with the rescaled distance of 10.Comparing the 2 clustering results,it could find that genotypic value-based clustering analysis could better clarify the genetic relationship between core germplasms.This study could provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization of cherry tomato core germplasms.展开更多
[Objective] The paper aimed to analyze genetic diversity and genetic relationship of large fruited tomato core germplasms based on genotypic value.[Method] Taking 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms as tested mate...[Objective] The paper aimed to analyze genetic diversity and genetic relationship of large fruited tomato core germplasms based on genotypic value.[Method] Taking 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms as tested materials, the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits was analyzed, and the correlation between traits and genetic relationship between germplasms were analyzed based on genotypic effect value.[Result] The diversity indexes of seven agronomic traits were 3.98, 3.97, 3.99, 3.99, 3.97, 3.98 and 3.87, respectively, indicating there were rich genetic diversities in large fruited tomato core germplasms. Correlation analysis of traits was conducted based on genotypic effect value. The results showed that there was extremely significant positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width, and the correlation coefficient was 0.66. There was extremely significant positive correlation between fruit length and fruit width, with a correlation coefficient of 0.49. There was extremely significant positive correlation between weight per fruit and fruit width, with a correlation coefficient of 0.46. The genetic distance between large fruited tomato core germplasms was calculated based on the phenotypic value of traits. When the distance was 5, 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms were divided into three groups. The genetic distance between large fruited core germplasms tomato was calculated based on genotypic predictive value of traits. When the distance was 10, 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms were divided into six groups. Comparing the results of two clustering analysis, it was found that the clustering analysis based on genotypic value could better explain the genetic relationship between germplasms.[Conclusion] The results could provide some basis for understanding the population variation of large fruited tomato and genetic improvement of tomato cultivars.展开更多
An appropriate genetic similarity coefficient is particularly important for accurately estimating the genetic similarity and phylogenetic relationship between individuals and evaluating the genetic diversity of popula...An appropriate genetic similarity coefficient is particularly important for accurately estimating the genetic similarity and phylogenetic relationship between individuals and evaluating the genetic diversity of populations. In this study, five genetic similarity coefficients were compared for analysis of phylogenetic relationship among 31 hot pepper inbred lines based on SRAP. The applicability of different genetic similarity coefficient was investigated by means of SRAP data of hot pepper inbred lines. According to the experimental results, the variation ranges of Nei ＆ Li, Jaceard, Sorensen, Simple matching and Yule coefficients were 0. 598 - 0. 973, 0. 427 - 0. 947, 0. 598 - 0. 973, 0.427 - 0. 947 and 0. 133 - 0. 997, respectively. Results of cluster analysis based on different similarity coefficients varied greatly. To be specific, clustering results based on Nei ＆ Li, Jaccard and Sorensen coefficients were consistent; clustering with Simple matching and Yule coef ficients led to consistent classification of category in different order and slightly different classification of subcategory. Comprehensively comparing the results of cluster analysis and the dendrograms of hot pepper inbred lines, Yule coefficient is suitable for SRAP analysis of hot pepper.展开更多
A spontaneous mutation, tentatively named d63, was derived from the twin-seedling progenies of rice crossed by diploid SARIII and Minghui 63. Compared with wild-type plants, the d63 mutant showed multiple abnormal phe...A spontaneous mutation, tentatively named d63, was derived from the twin-seedling progenies of rice crossed by diploid SARIII and Minghui 63. Compared with wild-type plants, the d63 mutant showed multiple abnormal phenotypes, such as dwarfism, more tillers, smaller flag leaf and reduced seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight. In this study, two F2 populations were developed by crossing between d63 and Nipponbare, d63 and 93-11. Genetic analysis indicated that d63 was controlled by a single recessive gene, which was located on the short arm of chromosome 8, within the genetic distance of 0.40 cM from RM22195. Hence, D63 might be a new gene as there are no dwarf genes reported on the short arm of chromosome 8.展开更多
[Objective]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources as energy plants was discussed in this paper.[Method]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm res...[Objective]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources as energy plants was discussed in this paper.[Method]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources collected from the wild was assessed from the aspects of cellulose,semicellulose,lignin and crude ash contents and caloric value.[Result]The total content of cellulose and semicellulose ranged from 41.75%to 69.13%,the lignin content ranged from 2.16%to 11.75%,the crude ash content ranged from 4.79%to 9.34%and the caloric value ranged from 16.00 to 17.69 MJ/kg among the 30 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms.Compared to other plants,Saccharum spontaneum L.had higher contents of cellulose and semicellulose,a higher caloric value but lower contents of lignin and crude ash.[Conclusion]From the perspective of producing fuel ethanol with lignocellulose,Saccharum spontaneum L.has a great potential for development as an energy plant.展开更多
Sheep is an important livestock species raised globally to produce meat,milk,wool,and other by-products.During the Neolithic Revolution,sheep were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent of Southwest Asia around 10,000 y...Sheep is an important livestock species raised globally to produce meat,milk,wool,and other by-products.During the Neolithic Revolution,sheep were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent of Southwest Asia around 10,000 years ago(Chessa et al.,2009).展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the genetic mechanism that leaf length and leaf width in bitter gourd has realistic guiding significance for formulating breeding strategy.[Methods]In this paper,the cross was made between CN19-...[Objectives]To explore the genetic mechanism that leaf length and leaf width in bitter gourd has realistic guiding significance for formulating breeding strategy.[Methods]In this paper,the cross was made between CN19-1 and Thai4-6 and an F2segregation population was constructed.The genetic characteristics of leaf length and leaf width were analyzed by employing the major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model.[Results]The data analysis results demonstrated that the leaf length and leaf width of the F_(2) segregation population showed continuous distribution.The optimum model for leaf length genetic analysis was A-1,the additive effect value of the major gene was 3.1766,the dominant effect value was-3.1766,and the heritability was 74.51%.The optimum model for leaf width genetic analysis was B-1.The additive effect values of 2 pairs of major genes controlling the leaf width were 3.1917 and 0.9623,respectively.The dominant effect values were-1.3135 and-0.3463,respectively.The additive×additive interaction effect was-0.3591,the additive×dominant interaction effect was-0.2570,the dominant×additive interaction effect was 1.9916,the dominant×dominant interaction effect was 1.9686.The heritability of major genes was 96.67%.[Conclusions]This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of bitter gourd.展开更多
120 pairs of SSR primers and 63 pairs of In Del primers were used to determine genetic variation among diploid,triploid and tetraploid watermelon genomes. The results showed that 113 pairs of SSR primers and 63 pairs ...120 pairs of SSR primers and 63 pairs of In Del primers were used to determine genetic variation among diploid,triploid and tetraploid watermelon genomes. The results showed that 113 pairs of SSR primers and 63 pairs of In Del primers could be successfully amplified.There was slight difference between diploid and tetraploid watermelon genomes in the aspect of SSR. Among 120 pairs of SSR primers,2 showed obvious polymorphism with polymorphic rate of 1. 67%,corresponding to 34047313-34063581 intervals on chromosome 9. 1 gene encoding zinc finger protein was predicted in polymorphic interval which could regulate the expression of other genes at the level of transcription and translation. There was no significant difference in the aspect of In Del among watermelon genomes with different ploidy which indicated that the genomic insertion and deletion site was not changed before and after chromosome doubling. The results indicated that watermelon genomic structure had no significant change in the process of polyploidization. The difference of traits between tetraploidy and diploid parent might be closely related with epigenetic regulation. This study could provide scientific basis for ploidy breeding,new variety improvement and germplasm innovation.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Project for Reform of Non-profit Scientific Research Institution"Study on Whole Process Management of Agricultural Scientific and Technological Projects"
文摘This paper collected and arranged competitive scientific research projects undertaken by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in 2003-2014. Through statistical analysis on quantity of projects,funded amount,age of person responsible,professional title of person responsible,academic degree of person responsible,research object,it discussed relevant characteristics and rules. Finally,it came up with pertinent measures and recommendations,in the hope of providing services for decision-making and scientific and technological management.
基金Supported by Fund on Basic Scientific Research Project of Nonprofit Central Research Institutions(1630032014023)
文摘Taking Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute( TCGRI) of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences( CATAS) as an example,this paper discussed current situation of construction of sci-tech platform,analyzed existing problems,and finally came up with pertinent recommendations.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Scientific Research Funds for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630032015003)
文摘A total of 398 chili pepper germplasms were used as test materials and genetic diversity and correlation analysis were performed on 17 botanical traits. The results of diversity analysis showed that the diversity indexes of the 17 botanical traits ranged from 0.15 to 5.97 with the average value of 4.12. The data distributions of 11 quantitative traits were more dispersed than qualitative traits. The average value of eoefficient of variation was 36.90% and the variation ranges were one to six times larger than the average value. The results of correlation analysis showed that plant height had significantly positive correlations with plant breadth, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, the frrst flower node and carpopodium length. The In＇st flower node was significantly negatively correlated with fruit length, fruit width, flesh thickness and weight per fruit and signifieantly positively correlated with plant height and plant breadth. The flesh thickness was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width and carpopodium length. The weight per fruit was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width, carpopodium length and flesh thickness. Materials with low first flower node, moderate plant height and width and large fruit should be selected for the breeding of early-maturing and high-yield chili pepper varieties. The genetic distances between chili pepper traits were calculated based on the genotypic values of the 11 quantitative traits. The genetic distances between different traits ranged from 14.26 to 32.99. The 11 quantitative traits were divided into seven groups when the rescaled distance was ten, which further clarified the relationships between different traits. The research results laid a solid foundation for the new variety breeding of chili pepper.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Special Fund of Hainan Province(Grant Nos.ZDYF2021XDNY159 and ZDYF2021XDNY156)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science(Grant No.1630032022007)China Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-32-01)。
文摘Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.),an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions,possesses substantial economic value.The branchand leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and quality.However,due to limitations such as the density of the genetic linkage map,there have been few studies on mapping QTLs of branch-and leaf-related traits.In this study,a high-density genetic map was constructed by next-generation sequencing(NGS)using an F_(1) population of 264 progenies,derived from the cross between the cultivars‘Sanyuehong'and‘Ziniangxi'.A total of 2574 high-quality BINs(binomial intervals)were obtained,and a genetic linkage map was constructed with a total length of 1753.3 cM and an average marker distance of 0.68 cM.With the genetic map and the phenotyping of single leaf length(SLL),single leaf width(SLW),leaf shape index(LSI),weight of specific leaf(WSL),petiole length(PL)and compound leaf length(CLL)measured in three seasons,11,9,9,10,9 and 12 QTLs were detected for SLL,SLW,WSL,LSI,PL and CLL traits,respectively.Among these QTLs,five QTLs were consistently detected in two seasons and 12 pleiotropic QTLs were identified for at least two traits.These findings will provide new insights for the gene cloning for branch-and leaf-related traits as well as marker-assisted selection(MAS).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1000100)Shaanxi Innovation Team Project(2022TD-10)+1 种基金Shaanxi Livestock and Poultry Breeding Double-chain Fusion Key Project(2022GD-TSLD-46-0401)Postdoctoral Research Funding of Hainan Province。
文摘Coat color polymorphism in domestic animals provides a robust framework for elucidating mechanisms of species adaptation,domestication,and genomic diversity.Leiqiong cattle,a representative indicine breed from southern China,are predominantly yellow-coated,although a subset exhibits a solid black phenotype.To determine the genetic basis of this variation,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)was performed in 212 Leiqiong bulls.A pronounced association signal was detected on chromosome 6 within the fifth intron of the CORIN gene,providing the first evidence of the potential influence of CORIN on bovine coat color variation.Integration of these results with publicly available genomic datasets and haplotype analyses indicated that the yellow coat phenotype is derived from Indian indicine ancestry,whereas the black coat phenotype emerged through introgression from wild bovine lineages and artificial hybridization with Wagyu cattle.Comparative analysis of Indian indicine cattle with divergent coat colors revealed distinct LEF1 haplotypes within a shared CORIN background,suggesting an ancient and complex domestication history underlying coat color variation.These findings provide direct evidence that introgression has shaped phenotypic variation in East Asian cattle and offer novel insights into the genetic architecture of pigmentation,with implications for future breeding strategies.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program"Breeding of New Varieties of Mango and Litchi"(2013BAD02B02-5)
文摘A hybrid Ft population was obtained by crossing between mango cultivars ＇ Jinhuang＇ and ＇ Guifei＇. Among the hybrid population, 98 F1 plants were selected as the mapping population. The molecular genetic map of mango was constructed by linkage analysis by SRAP, AFLP and ISSR markers using Joinmap4. 0 software. The genetic linkage map consisted of 33 linkage groups, with a total genetic distance of 1 561.1 cM. Moreover, the genetic linkage map involved 245 polymorphic markers, including 149 SRAP markers, 90 AFLP markers and 6 ISSR markers, with an average genetic distance of 6.37 cM. This study laid a founda- tion for further investigation of the important agronomic traits of mango.
基金supported by the Yunnan Natural Science Foundation Project (Grant No. 2008C004)the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31160067)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (Grant No. 201003021)
文摘Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide. Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice. Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic basis in cultivated rice. However, many populations of wild rice species have disappeared in the past few years. Therefore, the current status of wild rice resources should be updated and the genetic diversity of wild rice species should be examined for further germplasm preservation and utilization. Our investigations showed that the number of natural wild rice populations declined sharply in Yunnan Province during the past few years due to various reasons. Fortunately, one population of Oryza rufipogon, three of O officinalis and ten of O. granulata have been newly found in different ecological sites, which were confirmed by inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） marker analysis in this study. ISSR analysis and investigation of some important traits of nutritional values indicated that the genetic diversity of the currently existing wild rice resources in Yunnan is still rich. The demonstration of genetic diversity of wild rice by a combined use of geographical distribution, morphological traits, nutrition contents and ISSR markers would be helpful for the conservation and exploration of these important wild rice resources.
文摘Bitter gourd(Momordica charantia)is a popular cultivated vegetable in Asian and African countries.To reveal the characteristics of the genomic structure,evolutionary trajectory,and genetic basis underlying the domestication of bitter gourd,we performed whole-genome sequencing of the cultivar Dali-11 and the wild small-fruited line TR and resequencing of 187 bitter gourd germplasms from 16 countries.The major gene clusters(Bi clusters)for the biosynthesis of cucurbitane triterpenoids,which confer a bitter taste,are highly conserved in cucumber,melon,and watermelon.Comparative analysis among cucurbit genomes revealed that the Bi cluster involved in cucurbitane triterpenoid biosynthesis is absent in bitter gourd.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the TR group,including 21 bitter gourd germplasms,may belong to a new species or subspecies independent from M.charantia.Furthermore,we found that the remaining 166 M.charantia germplasms are geographically differentiated,and we identified 710,412,and 290 candidate domestication genes in the South Asia,Southeast Asia,and China populations,respectively.This study provides new insights into bitter gourd genetic diversity and domestication and will facilitate the future genomics-enabled improvement of bitter gourd.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31601758)Financial Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.of China(NFZX2018)Innovation Team Project of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630032017027)
文摘Fusarium wilt seriously affects the yield and quality of Momordica charantia L.Breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to control Fusarium wilt in M.charantia L.This study had comprehensively conducted pathogen identification of Fusarium wilt,resistance evaluation of M.charantia L.germplasm to Fusarium wilt,and genetic analysis of Fusarium wilt resistance in M.charantia L.,so as to provide reference for breeding resistant varieties and accelerating the breeding process.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)to Y.Z.,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant 2019YFA0906200)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202101)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(grant KQTD2016113010482651)the BMBF-funded de.
文摘Grapevine is one of the most economically important crops worldwide.However,the previous versions of the grapevine reference genome tipically consist of thousands of fragments with missing centromeres and telomeres,limiting the accessibility of the repetitive sequences,the centromeric and telomeric regions,and the study of inheritance of important agronomic traits in these regions.Here,we assembled a telomere-to-telomere(T2T)gap-free reference genome for the cultivar PN40024 using PacBio HiFi long reads.The T2T reference genome(PN_T2T)is 69 Mb longer with 9018 more genes identified than the 12X.v0 version.We annotated 67%repetitive sequences,19 centromeres and 36 telomeres,and incorporated gene annotations of previous versions into the PN_T2T assembly.We detected a total of 377 gene clusters,which showed associations with complex traits,such as aroma and disease resistance.Even though PN40024 derives from nine generations of selfing,we still found nine genomic hotspots of heterozygous sites associated with biological processes,such as the oxidation–reduction process and protein phosphorylation.The fully annotated complete reference genome therefore constitutes an important resource for grapevine genetic studies and breeding programs.
基金supported by grants from the Major Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2022CXGC010605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002023 and 32172518)+1 种基金the Regional Joint Key Innovation Project of NSFC(U22A20491)Shaanxi Key R&D Plan Project(2023-ZDLNY-21).
文摘Teinturier grapes are characterized by the typical accumulation of anthocyanins in grape skin,flesh,and vegetative tissues,endowing them with high utility value in red wine blending and nutrient-enriched foods developing.However,due to the lack of genome information,the mechanism involved in regulating teinturier grape coloring has not yet been elucidated and their genetic utilization research is still insufficient.Here,the cultivar‘Yan73’was used for assembling the telomere-to-telomere(T2T)genome of teinturier grapes by combining the High Fidelity(HiFi),Hi-C and ultralong Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT)reads.Two haplotype genomes were assembled,at the sizes of 501.68 Mb and 493.38 Mb,respectively.In the haplotype 1 genome,the transposable elements(TEs)contained 32.77%of long terminal repeats(LTRs),while in the haplotype 2 genome,31.53%of LTRs were detected in TEs.Furthermore,obvious inversions were identified in chromosome 18 between the two haplotypes.Transcriptome profiling suggested that the gene expression patterns in‘Cabernet Sauvignon’and‘Yan73’were diverse depending on tissues,developmental stages,and varieties.The transcription program of genes in the anthocyanins biosynthesis pathway between the two cultivars exhibited high similarity in different tissues and developmental stages,whereas the expression levels of numerous genes showed significant differences.Compared with other genes,the expression levels of VvMYBA1 and VvUFGT4 in all samples,VvCHS2 except in young shoots and VvPAL9 except in the E-L23 stage of‘Yan73’were higher than those of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’.Further sequence alignments revealed potential variant gene loci and structure variations of anthocyanins biosynthesis related genes and a 816 bp sequence insertion was found in the promoter of VvMYBA1 of‘Yan73’haplotype 2 genome.The‘Yan73’T2T genome assembly and comparative analysis provided valuable foundations for further revealing the coloring mechanism of teinturier grapes and the genetic improvement of grape coloring traits.
基金Supported by Hainan Provincial Science and Technology Project(ZDYF2018035)
文摘Taking 65 cherry tomato core germplasms as experimental materials,the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits were analyzed.The correlation between any two of the seven agronomic traits and the genetic relationships of these germplasms were analyzed based on genotypic values.The genetic diversity indices of the seven agronomic traits were 4.15,4.13,4.16,4.13,4.13,4.13 and 4.01,respectively,showing that the cherry tomato core collection had abundant genetic diversity.The correlation analysis between traits based on genotype effect values showed that leaf length was significantly correlated with leaf width with the correlation coefficient of 0.56.The fruit width was significantly correlated with fruit length with the correlation coefficient of 0.52.The flesh thickness was significantly correlated with fruit length and fruit width with the correlation coefficients of 0.49 and 0.39,respectively.The single fruit weight was significantly correlated with fruit length,fruit width and flesh thickness with the correlation coefficients of 0.44,0.61 and 0.62,respectively.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the phenotypic values,65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into three groups with the rescaled distance of 10.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the genotypic values,the 65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into four groups with the rescaled distance of 10.Comparing the 2 clustering results,it could find that genotypic value-based clustering analysis could better clarify the genetic relationship between core germplasms.This study could provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization of cherry tomato core germplasms.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province(ZDYF2018035)
文摘[Objective] The paper aimed to analyze genetic diversity and genetic relationship of large fruited tomato core germplasms based on genotypic value.[Method] Taking 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms as tested materials, the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits was analyzed, and the correlation between traits and genetic relationship between germplasms were analyzed based on genotypic effect value.[Result] The diversity indexes of seven agronomic traits were 3.98, 3.97, 3.99, 3.99, 3.97, 3.98 and 3.87, respectively, indicating there were rich genetic diversities in large fruited tomato core germplasms. Correlation analysis of traits was conducted based on genotypic effect value. The results showed that there was extremely significant positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width, and the correlation coefficient was 0.66. There was extremely significant positive correlation between fruit length and fruit width, with a correlation coefficient of 0.49. There was extremely significant positive correlation between weight per fruit and fruit width, with a correlation coefficient of 0.46. The genetic distance between large fruited tomato core germplasms was calculated based on the phenotypic value of traits. When the distance was 5, 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms were divided into three groups. The genetic distance between large fruited core germplasms tomato was calculated based on genotypic predictive value of traits. When the distance was 10, 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms were divided into six groups. Comparing the results of two clustering analysis, it was found that the clustering analysis based on genotypic value could better explain the genetic relationship between germplasms.[Conclusion] The results could provide some basis for understanding the population variation of large fruited tomato and genetic improvement of tomato cultivars.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province"Construction of Genetic Linkage Map of Dendrobium"(312024)China Spark Program"Pilotscale Trial and Demonstration of New Varieties of Tropical Flowers"(2012GA800003)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Nonprofit Research Institutes"Study on the Cold Stress Response Mechanism and Breeding of Cold-resistant in Dendrobium phalaenopsis"(1630032014017)
文摘An appropriate genetic similarity coefficient is particularly important for accurately estimating the genetic similarity and phylogenetic relationship between individuals and evaluating the genetic diversity of populations. In this study, five genetic similarity coefficients were compared for analysis of phylogenetic relationship among 31 hot pepper inbred lines based on SRAP. The applicability of different genetic similarity coefficient was investigated by means of SRAP data of hot pepper inbred lines. According to the experimental results, the variation ranges of Nei ＆ Li, Jaceard, Sorensen, Simple matching and Yule coefficients were 0. 598 - 0. 973, 0. 427 - 0. 947, 0. 598 - 0. 973, 0.427 - 0. 947 and 0. 133 - 0. 997, respectively. Results of cluster analysis based on different similarity coefficients varied greatly. To be specific, clustering results based on Nei ＆ Li, Jaccard and Sorensen coefficients were consistent; clustering with Simple matching and Yule coef ficients led to consistent classification of category in different order and slightly different classification of subcategory. Comprehensively comparing the results of cluster analysis and the dendrograms of hot pepper inbred lines, Yule coefficient is suitable for SRAP analysis of hot pepper.
文摘A spontaneous mutation, tentatively named d63, was derived from the twin-seedling progenies of rice crossed by diploid SARIII and Minghui 63. Compared with wild-type plants, the d63 mutant showed multiple abnormal phenotypes, such as dwarfism, more tillers, smaller flag leaf and reduced seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight. In this study, two F2 populations were developed by crossing between d63 and Nipponbare, d63 and 93-11. Genetic analysis indicated that d63 was controlled by a single recessive gene, which was located on the short arm of chromosome 8, within the genetic distance of 0.40 cM from RM22195. Hence, D63 might be a new gene as there are no dwarf genes reported on the short arm of chromosome 8.
基金Supported by Tropical Forage Grass Germplasm Conservation Project of Ministry of AgricultureModern Agriculture Talent Support Program of Ministry of AgricultureTropical Crop Germplasm Protection Project of Ministry of Agriculture(12RZZY-09)
文摘[Objective]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources as energy plants was discussed in this paper.[Method]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources collected from the wild was assessed from the aspects of cellulose,semicellulose,lignin and crude ash contents and caloric value.[Result]The total content of cellulose and semicellulose ranged from 41.75%to 69.13%,the lignin content ranged from 2.16%to 11.75%,the crude ash content ranged from 4.79%to 9.34%and the caloric value ranged from 16.00 to 17.69 MJ/kg among the 30 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms.Compared to other plants,Saccharum spontaneum L.had higher contents of cellulose and semicellulose,a higher caloric value but lower contents of lignin and crude ash.[Conclusion]From the perspective of producing fuel ethanol with lignocellulose,Saccharum spontaneum L.has a great potential for development as an energy plant.
文摘Sheep is an important livestock species raised globally to produce meat,milk,wool,and other by-products.During the Neolithic Revolution,sheep were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent of Southwest Asia around 10,000 years ago(Chessa et al.,2009).
基金Hainan Science and Technology Project(ZDYF2020229ZDKJ2021010)Scientific Research Program of Hainan Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology and Hainan Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops(HNZDSYS(YY)-03)。
文摘[Objectives]To explore the genetic mechanism that leaf length and leaf width in bitter gourd has realistic guiding significance for formulating breeding strategy.[Methods]In this paper,the cross was made between CN19-1 and Thai4-6 and an F2segregation population was constructed.The genetic characteristics of leaf length and leaf width were analyzed by employing the major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model.[Results]The data analysis results demonstrated that the leaf length and leaf width of the F_(2) segregation population showed continuous distribution.The optimum model for leaf length genetic analysis was A-1,the additive effect value of the major gene was 3.1766,the dominant effect value was-3.1766,and the heritability was 74.51%.The optimum model for leaf width genetic analysis was B-1.The additive effect values of 2 pairs of major genes controlling the leaf width were 3.1917 and 0.9623,respectively.The dominant effect values were-1.3135 and-0.3463,respectively.The additive×additive interaction effect was-0.3591,the additive×dominant interaction effect was-0.2570,the dominant×additive interaction effect was 1.9916,the dominant×dominant interaction effect was 1.9686.The heritability of major genes was 96.67%.[Conclusions]This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of bitter gourd.
基金Supported by National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of CATAS-TCGRI(16300320140191630032015003)
文摘120 pairs of SSR primers and 63 pairs of In Del primers were used to determine genetic variation among diploid,triploid and tetraploid watermelon genomes. The results showed that 113 pairs of SSR primers and 63 pairs of In Del primers could be successfully amplified.There was slight difference between diploid and tetraploid watermelon genomes in the aspect of SSR. Among 120 pairs of SSR primers,2 showed obvious polymorphism with polymorphic rate of 1. 67%,corresponding to 34047313-34063581 intervals on chromosome 9. 1 gene encoding zinc finger protein was predicted in polymorphic interval which could regulate the expression of other genes at the level of transcription and translation. There was no significant difference in the aspect of In Del among watermelon genomes with different ploidy which indicated that the genomic insertion and deletion site was not changed before and after chromosome doubling. The results indicated that watermelon genomic structure had no significant change in the process of polyploidization. The difference of traits between tetraploidy and diploid parent might be closely related with epigenetic regulation. This study could provide scientific basis for ploidy breeding,new variety improvement and germplasm innovation.
