Emerging new races of wheat stem rust(Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici)are threatening global wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.Host resistance is the most effective and environmentally friendly method of controllin...Emerging new races of wheat stem rust(Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici)are threatening global wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.Host resistance is the most effective and environmentally friendly method of controlling stem rust.The stem rust resistance gene Sr59 was previously identified within a T2DS 2RL wheat-rye whole arm translocation,providing broad-spectrum resistance to various stem rust races.Seedling evaluation,molecular marker analysis,and cytogenetic studies identified wheat-rye introgression line#284 containing a new translocation chromosome T2BL 2BS-2RL.This line has demonstrated broad-spectrum resistance to stem rust at the seedling stage.Seedling evaluation and cytogenetic analysis of three backcross populations between the line#284 and the adapted cultivars SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert confirmed that Sr59 is located within the short distal 2RL translocation.This study aimed physical mapping of Sr59 in the 2RL introgression segment and develop a robust molecular marker for marker-assisted selection.Using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS),GBS-derived SNPs were aligned with full-length annotated rye nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)genes in the parental lines CS ph1b,SLU238,SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert,as well as in 33 BC4F5progeny.Four NLR genes were identified on the 2R chromosome,with Chr2R_NLR_60 being tightly linked to the Sr59resistance gene.In-silico functional enrichment analysis of the translocated 2RL region(25,681,915 bp)identified 223 genes,with seven candidate genes associated with plant disease resistance and three linked to agronomic performance,contributing to oxidative stress response,protein kinase activity,and cellular homeostasis.These findings facilitate a better understanding of the genetic basis of stem rust resistance provided by Sr59.展开更多
Deeper rooting 1(Dro1)and Deeper rooting 2(Dro2)are the QTLs that contribute considerably to root growth angle assisting in deeper rooting of rice plant.In the present study,a set of 348 genotypes were shortlisted fro...Deeper rooting 1(Dro1)and Deeper rooting 2(Dro2)are the QTLs that contribute considerably to root growth angle assisting in deeper rooting of rice plant.In the present study,a set of 348 genotypes were shortlisted from rice germplasm based on root angle study.Screening results of the germplasm lines under drought stress identified 25 drought tolerant donor lines based on leaf rolling,leaf drying,spikelet fertility and single plant yield.A panel containing 101 genotypes was constituted based on screening results and genotyped using Dro1 and Dro2 markers.Structure software categorized the genotypes into four sub-populations with different fixation index values for root growth angle.The clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis could differentiate the genotypes with or without deeper rooting trait.The dendrogram constructed based on the molecular screening for deep rooting QTLs showed clear distinction between the rainfed upland cultivars and irrigated genotypes.Eleven genotypes,namely Dular,Tepiboro,Surjamukhi,Bamawpyan,N22,Dinorado,Karni,Kusuma,Bowdel,Lalsankari and Laxmikajal,possessed both the QTLs,whereas 67 genotypes possessed only Dro1.The average angle of Dro positive genotypes ranged from 82.7°to 89.7°.These genotypes possessing the deeper rooting QTLs can be taken as donor lines to be used in marker-assisted breeding programs.展开更多
Shannan Prefecture of Tibet is the central producing region of Tibetan chicken, and Tibetan chicken feeding has become one of the characteristic industries of animal husbandry in local agricultural and pastoral area, ...Shannan Prefecture of Tibet is the central producing region of Tibetan chicken, and Tibetan chicken feeding has become one of the characteristic industries of animal husbandry in local agricultural and pastoral area, and it is an important source of food and income for the locals. However, because of extensive feed- ing managemem, low level of intensification, blind hybrid of exotic varieties and despising selective breeding, the number of pedigree Tibetan chickens have reduced year by year and the performance of Tibetan chicken herd varied greatly, premium specificity could not be effectively utihzed. By investigating the present situation of Tibetan chicken feeding, analyzing the specificity of Tibetan chicken germplasm resources, the scientific conservation breeding was started to make full use of the advantage of keeping Tibetan chickens on the plateau.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to actively carry out the breeding of new tetraploid common buckwheat varieties and its supporting breeding techniques.[Methods]Pintianqiao 3 is a new tetraploid common buckwheat v...[Objectives]This study was conducted to actively carry out the breeding of new tetraploid common buckwheat varieties and its supporting breeding techniques.[Methods]Pintianqiao 3 is a new tetraploid common buckwheat variety developed by College of Agriculture of Shanxi Agricultural University and Agricultural Genetic Resources Center of Shanxi Agricultural University,using‘Pintianqiao 1’as the parent,through mutation treatment with 0.2%colchicine aqueous solution,grain selection,plant selection,isolation and identification,variety comparison,regional test and field investigation.The variety has chromosomes 2n=4X=32,and shows a spring sowing period of 101 d and a summer sowing period of 80 d,large flowers and seeds(with a 1000-grain weight of 41.4 g),and good resistance to lodging.[Results]From 2021 to 2022,Pintianqiao 3 participated in the independent joint regional test of common buckwheat varieties in Shanxi Province,and the average yield in 10 test positions was 1.8 kg,equivalent to 1800 kg/hm^(2),which was 8.4%higher than the control.It passed the field investigation conducted by Shanxi provincial expert group for identification of non-major crop varieties in Dongyang and Kelan experimental sites on September 2-3,2022.On January 4,2024,it passed the preliminary examination of Shanxi Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee.The seed reproduction technique of Pintianqiao 3 including land selection,preparation before sowing,sowing,field management and timely harvesting has been developed.[Conclusions]This study provides technical support for the demonstration and popularization of this new variety.展开更多
AIM:To identify genetic defects in a Chinese family with congenital posterior polar cataracts and assess the pathogenicity.METHODS:A four-generation Chinese family affected with autosomal dominant congenital cataract ...AIM:To identify genetic defects in a Chinese family with congenital posterior polar cataracts and assess the pathogenicity.METHODS:A four-generation Chinese family affected with autosomal dominant congenital cataract was recruited.Nineteen individuals took part in this study including 5 affected and 14 unaffected individuals.Sanger sequencing targeted hot-spot regions of 27 congenital cataract-causing genes for variant discovery.The pathogenicity of the variant was evaluated by the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and InterVar software.Confocal microscopy was applied to detect the subcellular localization of fluorescence-labeled ephrin type-A receptor 2(EPHA2).Co-immunoprecipitation assay was implemented to estimate the interaction between EphA2 and other lens membrane proteins.The mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blotting assay,respectively.The cell migration was analyzed by wound healing assay.Zebrafish model was generated by ectopic expression of human EPHA2/p.R957P mutant to demonstrate whether the mutant could cause lens opacity in vivo.RESULTS:A novel missense and pathogenic variant c.2870G>C was identified in the sterile alpha motif(SAM)domain of EPHA2.Functional studies demonstrated the variant’s impact:reduced EPHA2 protein expression,altered subcellular localization,and disrupted interactions with other lens membrane proteins.This mutant notably enhanced human lens epithelial cell migration,and induced a central cloudy region and roughness in zebrafish lenses with ectopic expression of human EPHA2/p.R957P mutant under differential interference contrast(DIC)optics.CONCLUSION:Novel pathogenic c.2870G>C variant of EPHA2 in a Chinese congenital cataract family contributes to disease pathogenesis.展开更多
The genus Oryza consists of two cultivated species (O. sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud.) and approximately 20 wild relative species widely distributed in the pan-tropics. These species have been classified into four...The genus Oryza consists of two cultivated species (O. sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud.) and approximately 20 wild relative species widely distributed in the pan-tropics. These species have been classified into four complexes following the Vaughan's taxonomic system([1]). The O. officinalis complex is the largest complex in the genus, which includes ten species, having BE, CC, on, and EE genomes in the diploids as well as BBCC and CCDD genomes in the tetraploids. The relationships among the BE, CC, and EE genomes still remain unclear, although previous studies have indicated certain affinities of these genomes([2-4]). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) is a powerful technique to detect the relationships among the related genomes at chromosome and DNA levels. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationships among the BE, CC and EE genomes in the genus Oryza by the two-probe GISH.展开更多
Background:Tibetan chickens,a unique native breed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China,possess a suite of adaptive features that enable them to tolerate the high-altitude hypoxic environment.Increasing evidence sugge...Background:Tibetan chickens,a unique native breed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China,possess a suite of adaptive features that enable them to tolerate the high-altitude hypoxic environment.Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)and microRNAs(miRNAs)play roles in the hypoxic adaptation of high-altitude animals,although their exact involvement remains unclear.Results:This study aimed to elucidate the global landscape of mRNAs,lncRNAs,and miRNAs using transcriptome sequencing to construct a regulatory network of competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNAs)and thus provide insights into the hypoxic adaptation of Tibetan chicken embryos.In total,354 differentially expressed genes(DE genes),389 differentially expressed lncRNAs(DE lncRNAs),and 73 differentially expressed miRNAs(DE miRNAs)were identified between Tibetan chickens(TC)and control Chahua chickens(CH).GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that several important DE miRNAs and their target DE lncRNAs and DE genes are involved in angiogenesis(including blood vessel development and blood circulation)and energy metabolism(including glucose,carbohydrate,and lipid metabolism).The ceRNA network was then constructed with the predicted DE gene-DE miRNA-DE lncRNA interactions,which further revealed the regulatory roles of these differentially expressed RNAs during hypoxic adaptation of Tibetan chickens.Conclusions:Analysis of transcriptomic data revealed several key candidate ceRNAs that may play high-priority roles in the hypoxic adaptation of Tibetan chickens by regulating angiogenesis and energy metabolism.These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic adaptation regulatory networks from the perspective of coding and non-coding RNAs.展开更多
Enzyme cascade reactions play significant roles in bioelectrochemical processes because they permit more complex reactions. Co-immobilization of multienzyme on the electrode could help to facilitate substrate/intermed...Enzyme cascade reactions play significant roles in bioelectrochemical processes because they permit more complex reactions. Co-immobilization of multienzyme on the electrode could help to facilitate substrate/intermediate transfer among different enzymes and electron transfer from enzyme active sites to the electrode with high stability and retrievability. Different co-immobilization strategies to construct multienzyme bioelectrodes have been widely reported, however, up to now, they have barely been reviewed. In this review, we focus on recent state-of-the-art techniques for constructing co-immobilized multienzyme electrodes including random and positional co-immobilization. Particular attention is given to strategies such as multienzyme complex and surface display. Cofactor co-immobilization on the electrode is also crucial for the enhancement of catalytic reaction and electron transfer, yet, few studies have been reported. The up-to-date advances in bioelectrochemical applications of multienzyme bioelectrodes are also presented. Finally, key challenges and future perspectives are discussed.展开更多
In the present study, in vitro ovule culture technique was used to obtain interspecific cross combination of Dioscorea rotundata ufenyi and Dioscorea bulbifera wild. Ten days after pollination, ovules were excised and...In the present study, in vitro ovule culture technique was used to obtain interspecific cross combination of Dioscorea rotundata ufenyi and Dioscorea bulbifera wild. Ten days after pollination, ovules were excised and cultured onto 1/2 strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Basal salt mixture + Vitamins) supplemented with 6% sucrose, 0.7% agar and plant growth hormones such as GA3, BAP, Picrolam and TDZ. Cultured ovules were transferred on 1/2 MS medium with 3% sucrose and 0.7% agar after three weeks. 40 days after pollination, germination was observed from 7 months cultured ovule between D. rotundata ufenyi x D. bulbifera wild. Hybridity of the regenerated plant was checked by flow cytometric method. A close relation was observed between the fluorescence intensity of the obtained progeny with one of the parents’ fluorescence. The observed progeny can be closely correlated with an apomictic tissue from an ovule parent of D. rotundata ufenyi. Plantlets derived from ovule culture were proliferated through in vitro shoot multiplication with hormonal concentration (0.5 mg/l BAP) supplemented with 1/2 strength MS medium. Obtained ovule culture derived in vitro plantlets were successfully hardened, acclimatized and transferred to the field, where they survived and grew normally. In plant breeding, interspecific crossing is very important technique, enabling the time needed to produce homozygous lines to be shortened as compared to the conventional plant breeding techniques.展开更多
Plant growth hormone BAP (benzyl amino purine), KIN (kinetin), NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) and IBA (indole-3 butyric acid) effect was studied on in vitro multiplication of shoots and rooting of Drepanostachyum fal...Plant growth hormone BAP (benzyl amino purine), KIN (kinetin), NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) and IBA (indole-3 butyric acid) effect was studied on in vitro multiplication of shoots and rooting of Drepanostachyum falcatum. In vitro micropropagation of himalayan weeping bamboo is explained by in vitro shoot induction and proliferation. Excised explant with axillary bud is surface sterilized with 0.1% HgCl<sub>2</sub> for 10 - 12 minutes, cleaned with 90% ethanol and inoculated on liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP/ KIN. Effect of BAP/KIN on shoot induction is with different rate and number of shoots produced by explants with axillary bud cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.0 mg/L BAP/KIN - 5.5 mg/L BAP/KIN. Shoot multiplication with highest rate is achieved on MS medium supplemented with 3.5 mg/L BAP after 4<sup>th</sup> sub-culturing. The most effective with highest rate and number of root induction combination is 6.5 mg/L IBA after 5 weeks. The roots produced by 6.5 mg/L IBA is best compared with other combination of auxin NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid).展开更多
This paper exemplifies a primary step towards eliciting primary and secondary stakeholders’ views on management issues pertaining to kingfish fishery in Oman, and potential options for effective management of the fis...This paper exemplifies a primary step towards eliciting primary and secondary stakeholders’ views on management issues pertaining to kingfish fishery in Oman, and potential options for effective management of the fishery using questionnaire surveys and focus group interviews. There was consensus from stakeholder groups which included fishers, fishery managers, and fishery scientists that the current stock condition is not biologically sustainable. It is found that fishing effort control and technical measures are preferred to catch control by both groups. The role of mass media and the traditional institution in communicating fisheries issues are found to be relatively minor. Although the overall rating on the comprehensiveness of the proposed plan is promising, there are significant differences between the two groups with regard to legislative arrangements (χ<sup>2</sup> = 24.793, p-value = 0.000), management goals (χ<sup>2</sup> = 16.206, p-value = 0.001), operational objectives (χ<sup>2</sup> = 19.884, p-value = 0.000), performance indicators (χ<sup>2</sup> = 15.524, p-value = 0.001), and measures (χ<sup>2</sup> = 13.483, p-value = 0.004). Policy implications of the key findings are discussed in both national and regional contexts. Management authorities can use these findings to design an appropriate plan of actions for achieving sustainability in this fishery.展开更多
The concentration of cell-free fetal DNA fragments should be detected before noninvasive prenatal testing(NIPT).The fetal DNA molecules have significant clinical potential in determining the overall performance of NIP...The concentration of cell-free fetal DNA fragments should be detected before noninvasive prenatal testing(NIPT).The fetal DNA molecules have significant clinical potential in determining the overall performance of NIPT and clinical interpretation.It is important to measure fetal DNA fraction before NIPT.However,there is still little research on how to calculate the concentration of female fetuses.Two estimation approaches were proposed to calculate fetal DNA fraction,including the fragments size-based approach,aneuploid-based approach,which are all approaches based on chromosome segments.Based on high-throughput sequencing data,two approaches to calculate the DNA fraction of male fetuses were tested and obtained the experiment values,which were close to the actual values.The correlation coefficient of fragments size-based approach was 0.9243(P<0.0001)and the aneuploid-based approach reached 0.9339(P<0.0001).We calculated the concentration of female fetuses and obtained remarkable experimental results.We came up with two approaches for calculating the fetal DNA fraction of female fetuses.It provides an important theoretical basis for the detection of female fetal concentration in future clinical diagnosis.展开更多
To confirm a hybrid swarm population of Pinus densiflora × P. sylvestris in Jilin, China, we used needles and seeds from P. densiflora, P. sylvestris, and P. densiflora × P. sylvestris collected from natural...To confirm a hybrid swarm population of Pinus densiflora × P. sylvestris in Jilin, China, we used needles and seeds from P. densiflora, P. sylvestris, and P. densiflora × P. sylvestris collected from natural stands or experimental stations to study whether shoot apex morphology of 4-year old seedlings can be correlated with the sequence of a chloroplast DNA simple sequence repeat marker （cpDNA SSRs）. Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to sequence analysis of the pine cpDNA SSR marker Pt15169. Results show that morphological characters from 4-year old seedlings did not correlate with sequence variants of this marker. Marker haplotypes from all P. sylvestris trees had a CTAT element that was absent from all sampled P. densiflora trees. However, both haplotype classes involving this insertion/deletion element were found in a P. densiflora × P. sylvestris population and its seedling progeny. It was concluded that the P. densiflora × P. sylvestris accessions sampled from Jilin, China resulted from bi-directional crosses, as evidenced by both species’ cpDNA haplotypes within the hybrid swarm population.展开更多
Wild relatives of crop are key genetic resources serving as diversity reservoirs for crop improvement under changing environments.Rice(Oryza sativa)is one of the most important crops in the world,providing staple food...Wild relatives of crop are key genetic resources serving as diversity reservoirs for crop improvement under changing environments.Rice(Oryza sativa)is one of the most important crops in the world,providing staple food for half of the world's population.Wild rice is thus a critical germplasm resource for sustained global food security,ensuring high production yields,improved quality,and stress resistance in the face of climate change.Wild rice is closely related to domesticated rice and has a rich genetic diversity and exceptional adaptability to extreme environments.It has played a pivotal role in the history of rice hybridization and has become a key resource for rice breeding programs.The identification of wild-type cytoplasmic male sterility resources paved the way for the achievement of the“three lines”goal in hybrid rice,leading to a significant increase in rice yields.In addition,the use of resistance alleles found in wild rice is making rice production more resilient to losses caused by environmental stresses.However,wild rice germplasm resources are threatened due to habitat destruction and other anthropogenic factors.At the same time,the lack of centralized distribution of wild rice has hampered the sharing of basic information on wild rice resources and the utilization and conservation of wild rice in each country,as well as collaboration among scientists.展开更多
In Mexico, the utilization of native heliconias germplasm for preservation and genetic improvement purposes, has been limited partly because of the unawareness between their population similarities and differences, an...In Mexico, the utilization of native heliconias germplasm for preservation and genetic improvement purposes, has been limited partly because of the unawareness between their population similarities and differences, and because of the degree of genetic divergence that exists among the interspecific and intraspecific ecotypes originated from different regions of the humid tropics. The objective of the present study was to morphological characterization wild species of the genus Heliconias in Mexico through some qualitative and quantitative morphological descriptors. Fifty-five qualitative and quantitative morphological characters were studied in 25 accessions from 11 native species. Characters of plant, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, and seed were taken into account. Data was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Two analyses were carried out: the first one was for the 25 accessions that included characters of flower (55 variables), whereas the second was for only 19 accessions (66 variables) concluded until seed. The first six components explained a 69.4% of the total variation based on PCA. The variables which contributed most significantly were: leaf length (p < 0.001), limb width (p < 0.001), limb's petiole length (p < 0.001), pseudostem thickness (p < 0.05)/width at 60 cm (p < 0.05), rachis width (p < 0.05)/thickness (p < 0.001), second bract width (p < 0.001), growth (p < 0.001) and type of inflorescence (p < 0.05), petiole (p < 0.05) and peduncle length (p < 0.05), rachis color (p < 0.05), and wax in limb (p < 0.05) and in pseudostem (p < 0.05). Thirty-eight descriptors were suggested to differentiate wild species of heliconias in Mexico.展开更多
1 Introduction The rapidly growing protein structure data is a valuable biological resource and has been a focus of research in the academic community.The abundance of 3D structure data also presents challenges for re...1 Introduction The rapidly growing protein structure data is a valuable biological resource and has been a focus of research in the academic community.The abundance of 3D structure data also presents challenges for researchers in terms of handling and analysis.Currently,the most popular format for bioinformatics programs as the input/output is the PDB format,a text-based format created in 1976 known for its clear and readable structure.Parsing PDB files provides crucial information about the structure,function,and interactions of biomolecules.展开更多
Previous studies have sought to classify bladder cancer(BLCA)into different molecular subtypes to understand its pathogenic pathways and uncover specific treatments.1 These subtypes,often based on genetic,transcriptom...Previous studies have sought to classify bladder cancer(BLCA)into different molecular subtypes to understand its pathogenic pathways and uncover specific treatments.1 These subtypes,often based on genetic,transcriptomic,or proteomic profiles,aim to stratify patients for precision medicine and improve therapeutic outcomes.Despite these efforts,such classifications have rarely been applied in clinical practice due to challenges in standardization,reproducibility,and limited translational studies validating their utility.1 The treatment of BLCA predominantly relies on surgery,often combined with chemotherapy,immunotherapy,targeted therapy,or antibody-drug conjugates.Radical cystectomy remains the cornerstone for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC),while transurethral resection and intravesical therapy are common for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).2 However,the choice of its treatment modality still depends specifically on whether the disease is NMIBC or MIBC,rather than on the various molecular subtype classifications.3 Bridging the gap between molecular research and clinical application remains a significant challenge,highlighting the need for robust biomarker validation and the development of treatment algorithms that incorporate these subtypes to better guide personalized therapy.展开更多
Exosomes encompass a great deal of valuable biological information and play a crit-ical role in tumor development.However,the mechanism of exosomal lncRNAs remains poorly elucidated in bladder cancer(BCa).In this stud...Exosomes encompass a great deal of valuable biological information and play a crit-ical role in tumor development.However,the mechanism of exosomal lncRNAs remains poorly elucidated in bladder cancer(BCa).In this study,we identified exosomal lnc-TAF12e2:1 as a novel biomarker in BCa diagnosis and aimed to investigate the underlying biological function.Dual luciferase reporter assay,RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP),RNA pulldown assays,and xenograft mouse model were used to verify the competitive endogenous RNA mechanism of lnc-TAF12e2:1.We found exosomal lnc-TAF12e2:1 up-regulated in urinary exosomes,tumor tissues of patients,and BCa cells.Down-regulation of lnc-TAF12e2:1 impaired BCa cell prolif-eration and migration,and promoted cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis.The opposite effects were also observed when lnc-TAF12e2:1 was overexpressed.lnc-TAF12 e2:1 was transferred by intercellular exosomes to modulate malignant biological behavior.Mechanistically,lnc-TAF12e2:1 packaged in the exosomes relieved the miRNA-mediated silence effect on ASB12 via serving as a sponger of miR-7847e3p to accelerate progression in BCa.ASB12 was also first proved as an oncogene to promote cell proliferation and migration and depress cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in our data.In conclusion,exosomal lnc-TAF12e2:1,located in the cytoplasm of BCa,might act as a competitive endogenous RNA to competitively bind to miR-7847e3p,and then be involved in miR-7847e3p/ASB12 regulatory axis to promote tumorigenesis,which provided a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of BCa.展开更多
基金the financial support from FORMAS(2018-01029)the Swedish Institute(01132-2022)for supporting Ivan Motsnyi’s visit and research at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Emerging new races of wheat stem rust(Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici)are threatening global wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.Host resistance is the most effective and environmentally friendly method of controlling stem rust.The stem rust resistance gene Sr59 was previously identified within a T2DS 2RL wheat-rye whole arm translocation,providing broad-spectrum resistance to various stem rust races.Seedling evaluation,molecular marker analysis,and cytogenetic studies identified wheat-rye introgression line#284 containing a new translocation chromosome T2BL 2BS-2RL.This line has demonstrated broad-spectrum resistance to stem rust at the seedling stage.Seedling evaluation and cytogenetic analysis of three backcross populations between the line#284 and the adapted cultivars SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert confirmed that Sr59 is located within the short distal 2RL translocation.This study aimed physical mapping of Sr59 in the 2RL introgression segment and develop a robust molecular marker for marker-assisted selection.Using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS),GBS-derived SNPs were aligned with full-length annotated rye nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)genes in the parental lines CS ph1b,SLU238,SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert,as well as in 33 BC4F5progeny.Four NLR genes were identified on the 2R chromosome,with Chr2R_NLR_60 being tightly linked to the Sr59resistance gene.In-silico functional enrichment analysis of the translocated 2RL region(25,681,915 bp)identified 223 genes,with seven candidate genes associated with plant disease resistance and three linked to agronomic performance,contributing to oxidative stress response,protein kinase activity,and cellular homeostasis.These findings facilitate a better understanding of the genetic basis of stem rust resistance provided by Sr59.
基金Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for providing financial support.
文摘Deeper rooting 1(Dro1)and Deeper rooting 2(Dro2)are the QTLs that contribute considerably to root growth angle assisting in deeper rooting of rice plant.In the present study,a set of 348 genotypes were shortlisted from rice germplasm based on root angle study.Screening results of the germplasm lines under drought stress identified 25 drought tolerant donor lines based on leaf rolling,leaf drying,spikelet fertility and single plant yield.A panel containing 101 genotypes was constituted based on screening results and genotyped using Dro1 and Dro2 markers.Structure software categorized the genotypes into four sub-populations with different fixation index values for root growth angle.The clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis could differentiate the genotypes with or without deeper rooting trait.The dendrogram constructed based on the molecular screening for deep rooting QTLs showed clear distinction between the rainfed upland cultivars and irrigated genotypes.Eleven genotypes,namely Dular,Tepiboro,Surjamukhi,Bamawpyan,N22,Dinorado,Karni,Kusuma,Bowdel,Lalsankari and Laxmikajal,possessed both the QTLs,whereas 67 genotypes possessed only Dro1.The average angle of Dro positive genotypes ranged from 82.7°to 89.7°.These genotypes possessing the deeper rooting QTLs can be taken as donor lines to be used in marker-assisted breeding programs.
文摘Shannan Prefecture of Tibet is the central producing region of Tibetan chicken, and Tibetan chicken feeding has become one of the characteristic industries of animal husbandry in local agricultural and pastoral area, and it is an important source of food and income for the locals. However, because of extensive feed- ing managemem, low level of intensification, blind hybrid of exotic varieties and despising selective breeding, the number of pedigree Tibetan chickens have reduced year by year and the performance of Tibetan chicken herd varied greatly, premium specificity could not be effectively utihzed. By investigating the present situation of Tibetan chicken feeding, analyzing the specificity of Tibetan chicken germplasm resources, the scientific conservation breeding was started to make full use of the advantage of keeping Tibetan chickens on the plateau.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Guidance Special Project of Shanxi Province(202304021301054)Science and Technology Innovation Promotion Project of Shanxi Agricultural University(CXGC2023001)Biological Breeding Project of Shanxi Agricultural University in the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(YZGC106).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to actively carry out the breeding of new tetraploid common buckwheat varieties and its supporting breeding techniques.[Methods]Pintianqiao 3 is a new tetraploid common buckwheat variety developed by College of Agriculture of Shanxi Agricultural University and Agricultural Genetic Resources Center of Shanxi Agricultural University,using‘Pintianqiao 1’as the parent,through mutation treatment with 0.2%colchicine aqueous solution,grain selection,plant selection,isolation and identification,variety comparison,regional test and field investigation.The variety has chromosomes 2n=4X=32,and shows a spring sowing period of 101 d and a summer sowing period of 80 d,large flowers and seeds(with a 1000-grain weight of 41.4 g),and good resistance to lodging.[Results]From 2021 to 2022,Pintianqiao 3 participated in the independent joint regional test of common buckwheat varieties in Shanxi Province,and the average yield in 10 test positions was 1.8 kg,equivalent to 1800 kg/hm^(2),which was 8.4%higher than the control.It passed the field investigation conducted by Shanxi provincial expert group for identification of non-major crop varieties in Dongyang and Kelan experimental sites on September 2-3,2022.On January 4,2024,it passed the preliminary examination of Shanxi Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee.The seed reproduction technique of Pintianqiao 3 including land selection,preparation before sowing,sowing,field management and timely harvesting has been developed.[Conclusions]This study provides technical support for the demonstration and popularization of this new variety.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J01229)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1000307).
文摘AIM:To identify genetic defects in a Chinese family with congenital posterior polar cataracts and assess the pathogenicity.METHODS:A four-generation Chinese family affected with autosomal dominant congenital cataract was recruited.Nineteen individuals took part in this study including 5 affected and 14 unaffected individuals.Sanger sequencing targeted hot-spot regions of 27 congenital cataract-causing genes for variant discovery.The pathogenicity of the variant was evaluated by the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and InterVar software.Confocal microscopy was applied to detect the subcellular localization of fluorescence-labeled ephrin type-A receptor 2(EPHA2).Co-immunoprecipitation assay was implemented to estimate the interaction between EphA2 and other lens membrane proteins.The mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blotting assay,respectively.The cell migration was analyzed by wound healing assay.Zebrafish model was generated by ectopic expression of human EPHA2/p.R957P mutant to demonstrate whether the mutant could cause lens opacity in vivo.RESULTS:A novel missense and pathogenic variant c.2870G>C was identified in the sterile alpha motif(SAM)domain of EPHA2.Functional studies demonstrated the variant’s impact:reduced EPHA2 protein expression,altered subcellular localization,and disrupted interactions with other lens membrane proteins.This mutant notably enhanced human lens epithelial cell migration,and induced a central cloudy region and roughness in zebrafish lenses with ectopic expression of human EPHA2/p.R957P mutant under differential interference contrast(DIC)optics.CONCLUSION:Novel pathogenic c.2870G>C variant of EPHA2 in a Chinese congenital cataract family contributes to disease pathogenesis.
文摘The genus Oryza consists of two cultivated species (O. sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud.) and approximately 20 wild relative species widely distributed in the pan-tropics. These species have been classified into four complexes following the Vaughan's taxonomic system([1]). The O. officinalis complex is the largest complex in the genus, which includes ten species, having BE, CC, on, and EE genomes in the diploids as well as BBCC and CCDD genomes in the tetraploids. The relationships among the BE, CC, and EE genomes still remain unclear, although previous studies have indicated certain affinities of these genomes([2-4]). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) is a powerful technique to detect the relationships among the related genomes at chromosome and DNA levels. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationships among the BE, CC and EE genomes in the genus Oryza by the two-probe GISH.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972532)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-40-K05)the Innovation Base Cu。
文摘Background:Tibetan chickens,a unique native breed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China,possess a suite of adaptive features that enable them to tolerate the high-altitude hypoxic environment.Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)and microRNAs(miRNAs)play roles in the hypoxic adaptation of high-altitude animals,although their exact involvement remains unclear.Results:This study aimed to elucidate the global landscape of mRNAs,lncRNAs,and miRNAs using transcriptome sequencing to construct a regulatory network of competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNAs)and thus provide insights into the hypoxic adaptation of Tibetan chicken embryos.In total,354 differentially expressed genes(DE genes),389 differentially expressed lncRNAs(DE lncRNAs),and 73 differentially expressed miRNAs(DE miRNAs)were identified between Tibetan chickens(TC)and control Chahua chickens(CH).GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that several important DE miRNAs and their target DE lncRNAs and DE genes are involved in angiogenesis(including blood vessel development and blood circulation)and energy metabolism(including glucose,carbohydrate,and lipid metabolism).The ceRNA network was then constructed with the predicted DE gene-DE miRNA-DE lncRNA interactions,which further revealed the regulatory roles of these differentially expressed RNAs during hypoxic adaptation of Tibetan chickens.Conclusions:Analysis of transcriptomic data revealed several key candidate ceRNAs that may play high-priority roles in the hypoxic adaptation of Tibetan chickens by regulating angiogenesis and energy metabolism.These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic adaptation regulatory networks from the perspective of coding and non-coding RNAs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21878324,21706273)the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talent Program(Type C,reference#2016-081)。
文摘Enzyme cascade reactions play significant roles in bioelectrochemical processes because they permit more complex reactions. Co-immobilization of multienzyme on the electrode could help to facilitate substrate/intermediate transfer among different enzymes and electron transfer from enzyme active sites to the electrode with high stability and retrievability. Different co-immobilization strategies to construct multienzyme bioelectrodes have been widely reported, however, up to now, they have barely been reviewed. In this review, we focus on recent state-of-the-art techniques for constructing co-immobilized multienzyme electrodes including random and positional co-immobilization. Particular attention is given to strategies such as multienzyme complex and surface display. Cofactor co-immobilization on the electrode is also crucial for the enhancement of catalytic reaction and electron transfer, yet, few studies have been reported. The up-to-date advances in bioelectrochemical applications of multienzyme bioelectrodes are also presented. Finally, key challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
文摘In the present study, in vitro ovule culture technique was used to obtain interspecific cross combination of Dioscorea rotundata ufenyi and Dioscorea bulbifera wild. Ten days after pollination, ovules were excised and cultured onto 1/2 strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Basal salt mixture + Vitamins) supplemented with 6% sucrose, 0.7% agar and plant growth hormones such as GA3, BAP, Picrolam and TDZ. Cultured ovules were transferred on 1/2 MS medium with 3% sucrose and 0.7% agar after three weeks. 40 days after pollination, germination was observed from 7 months cultured ovule between D. rotundata ufenyi x D. bulbifera wild. Hybridity of the regenerated plant was checked by flow cytometric method. A close relation was observed between the fluorescence intensity of the obtained progeny with one of the parents’ fluorescence. The observed progeny can be closely correlated with an apomictic tissue from an ovule parent of D. rotundata ufenyi. Plantlets derived from ovule culture were proliferated through in vitro shoot multiplication with hormonal concentration (0.5 mg/l BAP) supplemented with 1/2 strength MS medium. Obtained ovule culture derived in vitro plantlets were successfully hardened, acclimatized and transferred to the field, where they survived and grew normally. In plant breeding, interspecific crossing is very important technique, enabling the time needed to produce homozygous lines to be shortened as compared to the conventional plant breeding techniques.
文摘Plant growth hormone BAP (benzyl amino purine), KIN (kinetin), NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) and IBA (indole-3 butyric acid) effect was studied on in vitro multiplication of shoots and rooting of Drepanostachyum falcatum. In vitro micropropagation of himalayan weeping bamboo is explained by in vitro shoot induction and proliferation. Excised explant with axillary bud is surface sterilized with 0.1% HgCl<sub>2</sub> for 10 - 12 minutes, cleaned with 90% ethanol and inoculated on liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP/ KIN. Effect of BAP/KIN on shoot induction is with different rate and number of shoots produced by explants with axillary bud cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.0 mg/L BAP/KIN - 5.5 mg/L BAP/KIN. Shoot multiplication with highest rate is achieved on MS medium supplemented with 3.5 mg/L BAP after 4<sup>th</sup> sub-culturing. The most effective with highest rate and number of root induction combination is 6.5 mg/L IBA after 5 weeks. The roots produced by 6.5 mg/L IBA is best compared with other combination of auxin NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid).
文摘This paper exemplifies a primary step towards eliciting primary and secondary stakeholders’ views on management issues pertaining to kingfish fishery in Oman, and potential options for effective management of the fishery using questionnaire surveys and focus group interviews. There was consensus from stakeholder groups which included fishers, fishery managers, and fishery scientists that the current stock condition is not biologically sustainable. It is found that fishing effort control and technical measures are preferred to catch control by both groups. The role of mass media and the traditional institution in communicating fisheries issues are found to be relatively minor. Although the overall rating on the comprehensiveness of the proposed plan is promising, there are significant differences between the two groups with regard to legislative arrangements (χ<sup>2</sup> = 24.793, p-value = 0.000), management goals (χ<sup>2</sup> = 16.206, p-value = 0.001), operational objectives (χ<sup>2</sup> = 19.884, p-value = 0.000), performance indicators (χ<sup>2</sup> = 15.524, p-value = 0.001), and measures (χ<sup>2</sup> = 13.483, p-value = 0.004). Policy implications of the key findings are discussed in both national and regional contexts. Management authorities can use these findings to design an appropriate plan of actions for achieving sustainability in this fishery.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YFC1000307The sub-project of National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YFC1000307-10the Program of National Research Institute for Family Planning(2017GJM04,2018CNV).
文摘The concentration of cell-free fetal DNA fragments should be detected before noninvasive prenatal testing(NIPT).The fetal DNA molecules have significant clinical potential in determining the overall performance of NIPT and clinical interpretation.It is important to measure fetal DNA fraction before NIPT.However,there is still little research on how to calculate the concentration of female fetuses.Two estimation approaches were proposed to calculate fetal DNA fraction,including the fragments size-based approach,aneuploid-based approach,which are all approaches based on chromosome segments.Based on high-throughput sequencing data,two approaches to calculate the DNA fraction of male fetuses were tested and obtained the experiment values,which were close to the actual values.The correlation coefficient of fragments size-based approach was 0.9243(P<0.0001)and the aneuploid-based approach reached 0.9339(P<0.0001).We calculated the concentration of female fetuses and obtained remarkable experimental results.We came up with two approaches for calculating the fetal DNA fraction of female fetuses.It provides an important theoretical basis for the detection of female fetal concentration in future clinical diagnosis.
基金supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea (PJ009052)
文摘To confirm a hybrid swarm population of Pinus densiflora × P. sylvestris in Jilin, China, we used needles and seeds from P. densiflora, P. sylvestris, and P. densiflora × P. sylvestris collected from natural stands or experimental stations to study whether shoot apex morphology of 4-year old seedlings can be correlated with the sequence of a chloroplast DNA simple sequence repeat marker （cpDNA SSRs）. Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to sequence analysis of the pine cpDNA SSR marker Pt15169. Results show that morphological characters from 4-year old seedlings did not correlate with sequence variants of this marker. Marker haplotypes from all P. sylvestris trees had a CTAT element that was absent from all sampled P. densiflora trees. However, both haplotype classes involving this insertion/deletion element were found in a P. densiflora × P. sylvestris population and its seedling progeny. It was concluded that the P. densiflora × P. sylvestris accessions sampled from Jilin, China resulted from bi-directional crosses, as evidenced by both species’ cpDNA haplotypes within the hybrid swarm population.
文摘Wild relatives of crop are key genetic resources serving as diversity reservoirs for crop improvement under changing environments.Rice(Oryza sativa)is one of the most important crops in the world,providing staple food for half of the world's population.Wild rice is thus a critical germplasm resource for sustained global food security,ensuring high production yields,improved quality,and stress resistance in the face of climate change.Wild rice is closely related to domesticated rice and has a rich genetic diversity and exceptional adaptability to extreme environments.It has played a pivotal role in the history of rice hybridization and has become a key resource for rice breeding programs.The identification of wild-type cytoplasmic male sterility resources paved the way for the achievement of the“three lines”goal in hybrid rice,leading to a significant increase in rice yields.In addition,the use of resistance alleles found in wild rice is making rice production more resilient to losses caused by environmental stresses.However,wild rice germplasm resources are threatened due to habitat destruction and other anthropogenic factors.At the same time,the lack of centralized distribution of wild rice has hampered the sharing of basic information on wild rice resources and the utilization and conservation of wild rice in each country,as well as collaboration among scientists.
基金Rescue,preservation and genetic improvement of native heliconias in South-east Mexico,which was funded by the National Forestry,Crops and Livestock Research Institute(INIFAP).
文摘In Mexico, the utilization of native heliconias germplasm for preservation and genetic improvement purposes, has been limited partly because of the unawareness between their population similarities and differences, and because of the degree of genetic divergence that exists among the interspecific and intraspecific ecotypes originated from different regions of the humid tropics. The objective of the present study was to morphological characterization wild species of the genus Heliconias in Mexico through some qualitative and quantitative morphological descriptors. Fifty-five qualitative and quantitative morphological characters were studied in 25 accessions from 11 native species. Characters of plant, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, and seed were taken into account. Data was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Two analyses were carried out: the first one was for the 25 accessions that included characters of flower (55 variables), whereas the second was for only 19 accessions (66 variables) concluded until seed. The first six components explained a 69.4% of the total variation based on PCA. The variables which contributed most significantly were: leaf length (p < 0.001), limb width (p < 0.001), limb's petiole length (p < 0.001), pseudostem thickness (p < 0.05)/width at 60 cm (p < 0.05), rachis width (p < 0.05)/thickness (p < 0.001), second bract width (p < 0.001), growth (p < 0.001) and type of inflorescence (p < 0.05), petiole (p < 0.05) and peduncle length (p < 0.05), rachis color (p < 0.05), and wax in limb (p < 0.05) and in pseudostem (p < 0.05). Thirty-eight descriptors were suggested to differentiate wild species of heliconias in Mexico.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81973243)the National Human Genetic Resources Center,National Research Institute for Family Planning。
文摘1 Introduction The rapidly growing protein structure data is a valuable biological resource and has been a focus of research in the academic community.The abundance of 3D structure data also presents challenges for researchers in terms of handling and analysis.Currently,the most popular format for bioinformatics programs as the input/output is the PDB format,a text-based format created in 1976 known for its clear and readable structure.Parsing PDB files provides crucial information about the structure,function,and interactions of biomolecules.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273065)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(China)(No.2042022dx0003)+1 种基金Research Fund of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University(Wuhan,China)(No.YYXKNLJS2024001,PTPP2024001)The funders played no role in the study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Previous studies have sought to classify bladder cancer(BLCA)into different molecular subtypes to understand its pathogenic pathways and uncover specific treatments.1 These subtypes,often based on genetic,transcriptomic,or proteomic profiles,aim to stratify patients for precision medicine and improve therapeutic outcomes.Despite these efforts,such classifications have rarely been applied in clinical practice due to challenges in standardization,reproducibility,and limited translational studies validating their utility.1 The treatment of BLCA predominantly relies on surgery,often combined with chemotherapy,immunotherapy,targeted therapy,or antibody-drug conjugates.Radical cystectomy remains the cornerstone for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC),while transurethral resection and intravesical therapy are common for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).2 However,the choice of its treatment modality still depends specifically on whether the disease is NMIBC or MIBC,rather than on the various molecular subtype classifications.3 Bridging the gap between molecular research and clinical application remains a significant challenge,highlighting the need for robust biomarker validation and the development of treatment algorithms that incorporate these subtypes to better guide personalized therapy.
基金funded by Wuhan University(No.4206e413100049)the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province Key Project(China)(No.2022EJD001)+3 种基金Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University(No.ZNYQ2023002,KY0100000109)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(China)(No.2042022dx0003)Nonprofit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2020-PT320-004)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(No.2022QNRC001).
文摘Exosomes encompass a great deal of valuable biological information and play a crit-ical role in tumor development.However,the mechanism of exosomal lncRNAs remains poorly elucidated in bladder cancer(BCa).In this study,we identified exosomal lnc-TAF12e2:1 as a novel biomarker in BCa diagnosis and aimed to investigate the underlying biological function.Dual luciferase reporter assay,RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP),RNA pulldown assays,and xenograft mouse model were used to verify the competitive endogenous RNA mechanism of lnc-TAF12e2:1.We found exosomal lnc-TAF12e2:1 up-regulated in urinary exosomes,tumor tissues of patients,and BCa cells.Down-regulation of lnc-TAF12e2:1 impaired BCa cell prolif-eration and migration,and promoted cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis.The opposite effects were also observed when lnc-TAF12e2:1 was overexpressed.lnc-TAF12 e2:1 was transferred by intercellular exosomes to modulate malignant biological behavior.Mechanistically,lnc-TAF12e2:1 packaged in the exosomes relieved the miRNA-mediated silence effect on ASB12 via serving as a sponger of miR-7847e3p to accelerate progression in BCa.ASB12 was also first proved as an oncogene to promote cell proliferation and migration and depress cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in our data.In conclusion,exosomal lnc-TAF12e2:1,located in the cytoplasm of BCa,might act as a competitive endogenous RNA to competitively bind to miR-7847e3p,and then be involved in miR-7847e3p/ASB12 regulatory axis to promote tumorigenesis,which provided a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of BCa.
