This paper collected and arranged competitive scientific research projects undertaken by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in 2003-2014. Through statistica...This paper collected and arranged competitive scientific research projects undertaken by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in 2003-2014. Through statistical analysis on quantity of projects,funded amount,age of person responsible,professional title of person responsible,academic degree of person responsible,research object,it discussed relevant characteristics and rules. Finally,it came up with pertinent measures and recommendations,in the hope of providing services for decision-making and scientific and technological management.展开更多
Taking Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute( TCGRI) of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences( CATAS) as an example,this paper discussed current situation of construction of sci-tech platform,analyzed...Taking Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute( TCGRI) of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences( CATAS) as an example,this paper discussed current situation of construction of sci-tech platform,analyzed existing problems,and finally came up with pertinent recommendations.展开更多
Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.),an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions,possesses substantial economic value.The branchand leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and...Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.),an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions,possesses substantial economic value.The branchand leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and quality.However,due to limitations such as the density of the genetic linkage map,there have been few studies on mapping QTLs of branch-and leaf-related traits.In this study,a high-density genetic map was constructed by next-generation sequencing(NGS)using an F_(1) population of 264 progenies,derived from the cross between the cultivars‘Sanyuehong'and‘Ziniangxi'.A total of 2574 high-quality BINs(binomial intervals)were obtained,and a genetic linkage map was constructed with a total length of 1753.3 cM and an average marker distance of 0.68 cM.With the genetic map and the phenotyping of single leaf length(SLL),single leaf width(SLW),leaf shape index(LSI),weight of specific leaf(WSL),petiole length(PL)and compound leaf length(CLL)measured in three seasons,11,9,9,10,9 and 12 QTLs were detected for SLL,SLW,WSL,LSI,PL and CLL traits,respectively.Among these QTLs,five QTLs were consistently detected in two seasons and 12 pleiotropic QTLs were identified for at least two traits.These findings will provide new insights for the gene cloning for branch-and leaf-related traits as well as marker-assisted selection(MAS).展开更多
Coat color polymorphism in domestic animals provides a robust framework for elucidating mechanisms of species adaptation,domestication,and genomic diversity.Leiqiong cattle,a representative indicine breed from souther...Coat color polymorphism in domestic animals provides a robust framework for elucidating mechanisms of species adaptation,domestication,and genomic diversity.Leiqiong cattle,a representative indicine breed from southern China,are predominantly yellow-coated,although a subset exhibits a solid black phenotype.To determine the genetic basis of this variation,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)was performed in 212 Leiqiong bulls.A pronounced association signal was detected on chromosome 6 within the fifth intron of the CORIN gene,providing the first evidence of the potential influence of CORIN on bovine coat color variation.Integration of these results with publicly available genomic datasets and haplotype analyses indicated that the yellow coat phenotype is derived from Indian indicine ancestry,whereas the black coat phenotype emerged through introgression from wild bovine lineages and artificial hybridization with Wagyu cattle.Comparative analysis of Indian indicine cattle with divergent coat colors revealed distinct LEF1 haplotypes within a shared CORIN background,suggesting an ancient and complex domestication history underlying coat color variation.These findings provide direct evidence that introgression has shaped phenotypic variation in East Asian cattle and offer novel insights into the genetic architecture of pigmentation,with implications for future breeding strategies.展开更多
The current global challenges that threaten biodiversity are immense and rapidly growing.These biodiversity challenges demand approaches that meld bioinformatics,large-scale phylogeny reconstruction,use of digitized s...The current global challenges that threaten biodiversity are immense and rapidly growing.These biodiversity challenges demand approaches that meld bioinformatics,large-scale phylogeny reconstruction,use of digitized specimen data,and complex post-tree analyses(e.g.niche modeling,niche diversification,and other ecological analyses).Recent developments in phylogenetics coupled with emerging cyberinfrastructure and new data sources provide unparalleled opportunities for mobilizing and integrating massive amounts of biological data,driving the discovery of complex patterns and new hypotheses for further study.These developments are not trivial in that biodiversity data on the global scale now being collected and analyzed are inherently complex.The ongoing integration and maturation of biodiversity tools discussed here is transforming biodiversity science,enabling what we broadly term"next-generation"investigations in systematics,ecology,and evolution(i.e.,"biodiversity science").New training that integrates domain knowledge in biodiversity and data science skills is also needed to accelerate research in these areas.Integrative biodiversity science is crucial to the future of global biodiversity.We cannot simply react to continued threats to biodiversity,but via the use of an integrative,multifaceted,big data approach,researchers can now make biodiversity projections to provide crucial data not only for scientists,but also for the public,land managers,policy makers,urban planners,and agriculture.展开更多
The currently accepted etiopathogenic hypothesis suggests that the chronic intestinal inflammation and related systemic manifestations characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） are due to an overly aggressi...The currently accepted etiopathogenic hypothesis suggests that the chronic intestinal inflammation and related systemic manifestations characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） are due to an overly aggressive or pathologic immune response to resident luminal bacterial constituents. Predisposing factors are genetic dysregulation of mucosal immune responses and/ or barrier function, with onset triggered by environmental stimuli. These factors and their interactions may also be important determinants of disease phenotype and disease progression. The emergence of immunogenetic phenotypes lends support to the proposed hypothesis that susceptibility genes regulate distinct immune processes, driven by luminal antigens, expressed as specific immune phenotypes which in turn influence clinical phenotypes in IBD patient.展开更多
A hybrid Ft population was obtained by crossing between mango cultivars ＇ Jinhuang＇ and ＇ Guifei＇. Among the hybrid population, 98 F1 plants were selected as the mapping population. The molecular genetic map of ma...A hybrid Ft population was obtained by crossing between mango cultivars ＇ Jinhuang＇ and ＇ Guifei＇. Among the hybrid population, 98 F1 plants were selected as the mapping population. The molecular genetic map of mango was constructed by linkage analysis by SRAP, AFLP and ISSR markers using Joinmap4. 0 software. The genetic linkage map consisted of 33 linkage groups, with a total genetic distance of 1 561.1 cM. Moreover, the genetic linkage map involved 245 polymorphic markers, including 149 SRAP markers, 90 AFLP markers and 6 ISSR markers, with an average genetic distance of 6.37 cM. This study laid a founda- tion for further investigation of the important agronomic traits of mango.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer in men(746000 cases per year)and the second most common cancer in women globally(614000 cases per year).The incidence rate of CRC in developed countries(737000 cas...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer in men(746000 cases per year)and the second most common cancer in women globally(614000 cases per year).The incidence rate of CRC in developed countries(737000 cases per year)is higher than that in less developed countries(624000 cases per year).CRC can arise from genetic causes such as chromosomal instability and microsatellite instability.Several etiologic factors underlie CRC including age,diet,and lifestyle.Gut microbiota represent a proven cause of the disease,where they play pivotal roles in modulating and reshaping the host epigenome.Several active microbial metabolites have been found to drive carcinogenesis,invasion,and metastasis via modifying both the methylation landscape along with histone structure in intestinal cells.Gut microbiota,in response to diet,can exert both beneficial and harmful functions in humans,according to the intestinal balance of number and types of these bacteria.Although the intestinal microbial community is diverse among individuals,these microbes cumulatively produce 100-fold more proteins than the human genome itself,which calls for further studies to elaborate on the complicated interaction between these microorganisms and intestinal cells.Therefore,understanding the exact role that gut microbiota play in inducing CRC will help attain reliable strategies to precisely diagnose and treat this fatal disease.展开更多
T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL translocation chromosomes developed from the cross of wheat and different Dasypyrum villosum accessions have good powdery mildew （PM） resistance, but their pairing and pyramiding ...T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL translocation chromosomes developed from the cross of wheat and different Dasypyrum villosum accessions have good powdery mildew （PM） resistance, but their pairing and pyramiding behavior remains unclear. Results in this study indicated that the pairing frequency rate of the two differently originated 6VS chromosomes in their F1 hybrid was 18.9% according to genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）; the PM resistance plants in the F2 generation from the cross between T6V#4S·6DL translocation line Pm97033 and its PM susceptible wheat variety Wan7107 was fewer than expected. However, the ratio of the resistant vs. the susceptible plants of 15：1 in the F2 generation derived from the cross between the two translocation lines of T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL fitted well. Plants segregation ratio （homozygous：heterozygous：lacking） revealed by molecular marker for T6V#4S·6DL or T6V#2S·6AL in their F2 populations fitted the expected values of 1：2：1 well, inferring that the pairing of the two alien chromosome arms facilitates the transmission of T6V#4S·6DL from the F1 to the F2 generation. A quadrivalent was also observed in 21% of pollen mother cells （PMCs） of homozygote plants containing the two pairs of translocated chromosomes. The chromosome pairing between 6V#2S and 6V#4S indicates that it will be possible to obtain recombinants and clarify if the PM resistance determinant on one alien chromosome arm is different from that on the other.展开更多
Fusarium wilt seriously affects the yield and quality of Momordica charantia L.Breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to control Fusarium wilt in M.charantia L.This study had compreh...Fusarium wilt seriously affects the yield and quality of Momordica charantia L.Breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to control Fusarium wilt in M.charantia L.This study had comprehensively conducted pathogen identification of Fusarium wilt,resistance evaluation of M.charantia L.germplasm to Fusarium wilt,and genetic analysis of Fusarium wilt resistance in M.charantia L.,so as to provide reference for breeding resistant varieties and accelerating the breeding process.展开更多
The underlying causes of biodiversity disparities among geographic regions have long been a fundamental theme in ecology and evolution.However,the patterns of phylogenetic diversity(PD) and phylogenetic beta diversity...The underlying causes of biodiversity disparities among geographic regions have long been a fundamental theme in ecology and evolution.However,the patterns of phylogenetic diversity(PD) and phylogenetic beta diversity(PBD) of congeners that are disjunctly distributed between eastern Asia-eastern North America(EA-ENA disjuncts) and their associated factors remain unknown.Here we investigated the standardized effect size of PD(SES-PD),PBD,and potentially associated factors in 11natural mixed forest sites(five in EA and six in ENA) where abundant EA-ENA disjuncts occur.We found that the disjuncts in ENA possessed higher SES-PD than those in EA at the continental scale(1.96vs-1.12),even though the number of disjunct species in ENA is much lower than in EA(128 vs 263).SESPD of the EA-ENA disjuncts tended to decrease with increasing latitude in 11 sites.The latitudinal diversity gradient of SES-PD was stronger in EA sites than in ENA sites.Based on the unweighted unique fraction metric(UniFrac) distance and the phylogenetic community dissimilarity,PBD showed that the two northern sites in EA were more similar to the six-site ENA group than to the remaining southern EA sites.Based on the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distances(SES-MPD),nine of eleven studied sites showed a neutral community structure(-1.96 ≤SES-MPD ≤1.96).Both Pearson’s r and structural equation modeling suggested that SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was mostly associated with mean divergence time.Moreover,SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was positively correlated with temperaturerelated climatic factors,although negatively correlated with mean diversification rate and community structure.By applying approaches from phylogenetics and community ecology,our work sheds light on historical patterns of the EA-ENA disjunction and paves the way for further research.展开更多
Juvenile X-linked retinoschisis（XLRS, MIM#312700） belongs to a group of the vitreoretinal dystrophies. We aimed to describe the phenotype-genotype correlation of three XLRS cases in juveniles with different novel mu...Juvenile X-linked retinoschisis（XLRS, MIM#312700） belongs to a group of the vitreoretinal dystrophies. We aimed to describe the phenotype-genotype correlation of three XLRS cases in juveniles with different novel mutations from the Lithuanian population. The patients demonstrated macular retinoschisis and typical cyst-like cavities on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT） images. The mean central foveal thickness was 569.7 μm. Two patients presented with peripheral retinoschisis. Flash electroretinogram demonstrated a reduced b/a ratio（〈1.0） in all patients. RS1（NM_000330.3） gene coding exons Sanger sequencing was performed. RS1 c.599 G〉T（p.R200 L） mutation was detected in one case, showing to be pathogenic in silico analysis. c.（92_97） ins C（p.W33 fs） mutation was identified for another patient, indicating the variant is possibly damaging in silico analysis. The third case was identified with a pathogenic mutation c.422 C〉G（p.R141 H）, HGMD CM981753. These are the first cases of XLRS in the Lithuanian population confirmed by molecular genotyping. Presented patients had a different genotype but similar phenotypic traits.展开更多
The ability of a population to adapt to a changing environment depends on its genetic variation. Thus, the study of genetic diversity within and among species or populations is especially important on conservation bio...The ability of a population to adapt to a changing environment depends on its genetic variation. Thus, the study of genetic diversity within and among species or populations is especially important on conservation biology scopes. One way to assess the genetic diversity is through the use of microsatellite molecular markers. Microsatellites have been widely used to answer population genetics issues as gene flow, parentage, and population structure, mostly resulting in data on the distribution of genetic variability within and among natural populations, which are essential for ex situ and in situ conservation procedures. As the Psittacidae family comprehends one of the birds group with the largest number of endangered species, studies that aim to investigate the genetic diversity of these animals may support their conservation. This article is a review of genetic data on parrots, through the use of microsatellite markers, that have been published since 2004.展开更多
Bitter gourd(Momordica charantia)is a popular cultivated vegetable in Asian and African countries.To reveal the characteristics of the genomic structure,evolutionary trajectory,and genetic basis underlying the domesti...Bitter gourd(Momordica charantia)is a popular cultivated vegetable in Asian and African countries.To reveal the characteristics of the genomic structure,evolutionary trajectory,and genetic basis underlying the domestication of bitter gourd,we performed whole-genome sequencing of the cultivar Dali-11 and the wild small-fruited line TR and resequencing of 187 bitter gourd germplasms from 16 countries.The major gene clusters(Bi clusters)for the biosynthesis of cucurbitane triterpenoids,which confer a bitter taste,are highly conserved in cucumber,melon,and watermelon.Comparative analysis among cucurbit genomes revealed that the Bi cluster involved in cucurbitane triterpenoid biosynthesis is absent in bitter gourd.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the TR group,including 21 bitter gourd germplasms,may belong to a new species or subspecies independent from M.charantia.Furthermore,we found that the remaining 166 M.charantia germplasms are geographically differentiated,and we identified 710,412,and 290 candidate domestication genes in the South Asia,Southeast Asia,and China populations,respectively.This study provides new insights into bitter gourd genetic diversity and domestication and will facilitate the future genomics-enabled improvement of bitter gourd.展开更多
The history of medical genetics is briefly reviewed. It is evident that medical genetics with its inseparable part, clinical genetics, started out as a cfinical science from the very beginning. Its robust development ...The history of medical genetics is briefly reviewed. It is evident that medical genetics with its inseparable part, clinical genetics, started out as a cfinical science from the very beginning. Its robust development in the developed countries is the result of a close interaction between the basic sciences and clinical genetics. In China, however, clinical genetics has not received due emphasis and medical genetics is still not recognized as one of the medical specialties. This is in marked contrast to the situation in the West. It is high time to acknowledge that medical genetics is a medical specialty and to promote clinical genetics service in qualified hospitals in our country.展开更多
Taking 65 cherry tomato core germplasms as experimental materials,the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits were analyzed.The correlation between any two of the seven agronomic traits and the genetic relationshi...Taking 65 cherry tomato core germplasms as experimental materials,the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits were analyzed.The correlation between any two of the seven agronomic traits and the genetic relationships of these germplasms were analyzed based on genotypic values.The genetic diversity indices of the seven agronomic traits were 4.15,4.13,4.16,4.13,4.13,4.13 and 4.01,respectively,showing that the cherry tomato core collection had abundant genetic diversity.The correlation analysis between traits based on genotype effect values showed that leaf length was significantly correlated with leaf width with the correlation coefficient of 0.56.The fruit width was significantly correlated with fruit length with the correlation coefficient of 0.52.The flesh thickness was significantly correlated with fruit length and fruit width with the correlation coefficients of 0.49 and 0.39,respectively.The single fruit weight was significantly correlated with fruit length,fruit width and flesh thickness with the correlation coefficients of 0.44,0.61 and 0.62,respectively.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the phenotypic values,65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into three groups with the rescaled distance of 10.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the genotypic values,the 65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into four groups with the rescaled distance of 10.Comparing the 2 clustering results,it could find that genotypic value-based clustering analysis could better clarify the genetic relationship between core germplasms.This study could provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization of cherry tomato core germplasms.展开更多
A total of 398 chili pepper germplasms were used as test materials and genetic diversity and correlation analysis were performed on 17 botanical traits. The results of diversity analysis showed that the diversity inde...A total of 398 chili pepper germplasms were used as test materials and genetic diversity and correlation analysis were performed on 17 botanical traits. The results of diversity analysis showed that the diversity indexes of the 17 botanical traits ranged from 0.15 to 5.97 with the average value of 4.12. The data distributions of 11 quantitative traits were more dispersed than qualitative traits. The average value of eoefficient of variation was 36.90% and the variation ranges were one to six times larger than the average value. The results of correlation analysis showed that plant height had significantly positive correlations with plant breadth, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, the frrst flower node and carpopodium length. The In＇st flower node was significantly negatively correlated with fruit length, fruit width, flesh thickness and weight per fruit and signifieantly positively correlated with plant height and plant breadth. The flesh thickness was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width and carpopodium length. The weight per fruit was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width, carpopodium length and flesh thickness. Materials with low first flower node, moderate plant height and width and large fruit should be selected for the breeding of early-maturing and high-yield chili pepper varieties. The genetic distances between chili pepper traits were calculated based on the genotypic values of the 11 quantitative traits. The genetic distances between different traits ranged from 14.26 to 32.99. The 11 quantitative traits were divided into seven groups when the rescaled distance was ten, which further clarified the relationships between different traits. The research results laid a solid foundation for the new variety breeding of chili pepper.展开更多
[Objective] The paper aimed to analyze genetic diversity and genetic relationship of large fruited tomato core germplasms based on genotypic value.[Method] Taking 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms as tested mate...[Objective] The paper aimed to analyze genetic diversity and genetic relationship of large fruited tomato core germplasms based on genotypic value.[Method] Taking 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms as tested materials, the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits was analyzed, and the correlation between traits and genetic relationship between germplasms were analyzed based on genotypic effect value.[Result] The diversity indexes of seven agronomic traits were 3.98, 3.97, 3.99, 3.99, 3.97, 3.98 and 3.87, respectively, indicating there were rich genetic diversities in large fruited tomato core germplasms. Correlation analysis of traits was conducted based on genotypic effect value. The results showed that there was extremely significant positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width, and the correlation coefficient was 0.66. There was extremely significant positive correlation between fruit length and fruit width, with a correlation coefficient of 0.49. There was extremely significant positive correlation between weight per fruit and fruit width, with a correlation coefficient of 0.46. The genetic distance between large fruited tomato core germplasms was calculated based on the phenotypic value of traits. When the distance was 5, 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms were divided into three groups. The genetic distance between large fruited core germplasms tomato was calculated based on genotypic predictive value of traits. When the distance was 10, 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms were divided into six groups. Comparing the results of two clustering analysis, it was found that the clustering analysis based on genotypic value could better explain the genetic relationship between germplasms.[Conclusion] The results could provide some basis for understanding the population variation of large fruited tomato and genetic improvement of tomato cultivars.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Project for Reform of Non-profit Scientific Research Institution"Study on Whole Process Management of Agricultural Scientific and Technological Projects"
文摘This paper collected and arranged competitive scientific research projects undertaken by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in 2003-2014. Through statistical analysis on quantity of projects,funded amount,age of person responsible,professional title of person responsible,academic degree of person responsible,research object,it discussed relevant characteristics and rules. Finally,it came up with pertinent measures and recommendations,in the hope of providing services for decision-making and scientific and technological management.
基金Supported by Fund on Basic Scientific Research Project of Nonprofit Central Research Institutions(1630032014023)
文摘Taking Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute( TCGRI) of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences( CATAS) as an example,this paper discussed current situation of construction of sci-tech platform,analyzed existing problems,and finally came up with pertinent recommendations.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Special Fund of Hainan Province(Grant Nos.ZDYF2021XDNY159 and ZDYF2021XDNY156)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science(Grant No.1630032022007)China Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-32-01)。
文摘Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.),an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions,possesses substantial economic value.The branchand leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and quality.However,due to limitations such as the density of the genetic linkage map,there have been few studies on mapping QTLs of branch-and leaf-related traits.In this study,a high-density genetic map was constructed by next-generation sequencing(NGS)using an F_(1) population of 264 progenies,derived from the cross between the cultivars‘Sanyuehong'and‘Ziniangxi'.A total of 2574 high-quality BINs(binomial intervals)were obtained,and a genetic linkage map was constructed with a total length of 1753.3 cM and an average marker distance of 0.68 cM.With the genetic map and the phenotyping of single leaf length(SLL),single leaf width(SLW),leaf shape index(LSI),weight of specific leaf(WSL),petiole length(PL)and compound leaf length(CLL)measured in three seasons,11,9,9,10,9 and 12 QTLs were detected for SLL,SLW,WSL,LSI,PL and CLL traits,respectively.Among these QTLs,five QTLs were consistently detected in two seasons and 12 pleiotropic QTLs were identified for at least two traits.These findings will provide new insights for the gene cloning for branch-and leaf-related traits as well as marker-assisted selection(MAS).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1000100)Shaanxi Innovation Team Project(2022TD-10)+1 种基金Shaanxi Livestock and Poultry Breeding Double-chain Fusion Key Project(2022GD-TSLD-46-0401)Postdoctoral Research Funding of Hainan Province。
文摘Coat color polymorphism in domestic animals provides a robust framework for elucidating mechanisms of species adaptation,domestication,and genomic diversity.Leiqiong cattle,a representative indicine breed from southern China,are predominantly yellow-coated,although a subset exhibits a solid black phenotype.To determine the genetic basis of this variation,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)was performed in 212 Leiqiong bulls.A pronounced association signal was detected on chromosome 6 within the fifth intron of the CORIN gene,providing the first evidence of the potential influence of CORIN on bovine coat color variation.Integration of these results with publicly available genomic datasets and haplotype analyses indicated that the yellow coat phenotype is derived from Indian indicine ancestry,whereas the black coat phenotype emerged through introgression from wild bovine lineages and artificial hybridization with Wagyu cattle.Comparative analysis of Indian indicine cattle with divergent coat colors revealed distinct LEF1 haplotypes within a shared CORIN background,suggesting an ancient and complex domestication history underlying coat color variation.These findings provide direct evidence that introgression has shaped phenotypic variation in East Asian cattle and offer novel insights into the genetic architecture of pigmentation,with implications for future breeding strategies.
基金supported in part by US NSF grants EF-1115210,DBI-1547229,DBI-1458640,DEB-1442280,and DEB-1208809
文摘The current global challenges that threaten biodiversity are immense and rapidly growing.These biodiversity challenges demand approaches that meld bioinformatics,large-scale phylogeny reconstruction,use of digitized specimen data,and complex post-tree analyses(e.g.niche modeling,niche diversification,and other ecological analyses).Recent developments in phylogenetics coupled with emerging cyberinfrastructure and new data sources provide unparalleled opportunities for mobilizing and integrating massive amounts of biological data,driving the discovery of complex patterns and new hypotheses for further study.These developments are not trivial in that biodiversity data on the global scale now being collected and analyzed are inherently complex.The ongoing integration and maturation of biodiversity tools discussed here is transforming biodiversity science,enabling what we broadly term"next-generation"investigations in systematics,ecology,and evolution(i.e.,"biodiversity science").New training that integrates domain knowledge in biodiversity and data science skills is also needed to accelerate research in these areas.Integrative biodiversity science is crucial to the future of global biodiversity.We cannot simply react to continued threats to biodiversity,but via the use of an integrative,multifaceted,big data approach,researchers can now make biodiversity projections to provide crucial data not only for scientists,but also for the public,land managers,policy makers,urban planners,and agriculture.
文摘The currently accepted etiopathogenic hypothesis suggests that the chronic intestinal inflammation and related systemic manifestations characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） are due to an overly aggressive or pathologic immune response to resident luminal bacterial constituents. Predisposing factors are genetic dysregulation of mucosal immune responses and/ or barrier function, with onset triggered by environmental stimuli. These factors and their interactions may also be important determinants of disease phenotype and disease progression. The emergence of immunogenetic phenotypes lends support to the proposed hypothesis that susceptibility genes regulate distinct immune processes, driven by luminal antigens, expressed as specific immune phenotypes which in turn influence clinical phenotypes in IBD patient.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program"Breeding of New Varieties of Mango and Litchi"(2013BAD02B02-5)
文摘A hybrid Ft population was obtained by crossing between mango cultivars ＇ Jinhuang＇ and ＇ Guifei＇. Among the hybrid population, 98 F1 plants were selected as the mapping population. The molecular genetic map of mango was constructed by linkage analysis by SRAP, AFLP and ISSR markers using Joinmap4. 0 software. The genetic linkage map consisted of 33 linkage groups, with a total genetic distance of 1 561.1 cM. Moreover, the genetic linkage map involved 245 polymorphic markers, including 149 SRAP markers, 90 AFLP markers and 6 ISSR markers, with an average genetic distance of 6.37 cM. This study laid a founda- tion for further investigation of the important agronomic traits of mango.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer in men(746000 cases per year)and the second most common cancer in women globally(614000 cases per year).The incidence rate of CRC in developed countries(737000 cases per year)is higher than that in less developed countries(624000 cases per year).CRC can arise from genetic causes such as chromosomal instability and microsatellite instability.Several etiologic factors underlie CRC including age,diet,and lifestyle.Gut microbiota represent a proven cause of the disease,where they play pivotal roles in modulating and reshaping the host epigenome.Several active microbial metabolites have been found to drive carcinogenesis,invasion,and metastasis via modifying both the methylation landscape along with histone structure in intestinal cells.Gut microbiota,in response to diet,can exert both beneficial and harmful functions in humans,according to the intestinal balance of number and types of these bacteria.Although the intestinal microbial community is diverse among individuals,these microbes cumulatively produce 100-fold more proteins than the human genome itself,which calls for further studies to elaborate on the complicated interaction between these microorganisms and intestinal cells.Therefore,understanding the exact role that gut microbiota play in inducing CRC will help attain reliable strategies to precisely diagnose and treat this fatal disease.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China (2016YFD0102000) the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of the CAAS
文摘T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL translocation chromosomes developed from the cross of wheat and different Dasypyrum villosum accessions have good powdery mildew （PM） resistance, but their pairing and pyramiding behavior remains unclear. Results in this study indicated that the pairing frequency rate of the two differently originated 6VS chromosomes in their F1 hybrid was 18.9% according to genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）; the PM resistance plants in the F2 generation from the cross between T6V#4S·6DL translocation line Pm97033 and its PM susceptible wheat variety Wan7107 was fewer than expected. However, the ratio of the resistant vs. the susceptible plants of 15：1 in the F2 generation derived from the cross between the two translocation lines of T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL fitted well. Plants segregation ratio （homozygous：heterozygous：lacking） revealed by molecular marker for T6V#4S·6DL or T6V#2S·6AL in their F2 populations fitted the expected values of 1：2：1 well, inferring that the pairing of the two alien chromosome arms facilitates the transmission of T6V#4S·6DL from the F1 to the F2 generation. A quadrivalent was also observed in 21% of pollen mother cells （PMCs） of homozygote plants containing the two pairs of translocated chromosomes. The chromosome pairing between 6V#2S and 6V#4S indicates that it will be possible to obtain recombinants and clarify if the PM resistance determinant on one alien chromosome arm is different from that on the other.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31601758)Financial Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.of China(NFZX2018)Innovation Team Project of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630032017027)
文摘Fusarium wilt seriously affects the yield and quality of Momordica charantia L.Breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to control Fusarium wilt in M.charantia L.This study had comprehensively conducted pathogen identification of Fusarium wilt,resistance evaluation of M.charantia L.germplasm to Fusarium wilt,and genetic analysis of Fusarium wilt resistance in M.charantia L.,so as to provide reference for breeding resistant varieties and accelerating the breeding process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31461123001 to C.X.F.)the US National Science Foundation Dimensions of Biodiversity US-China Program (DEB-1442280 to P.S.S.and D.E.S.)+1 种基金the HZAU Talent Start-up Fund (Grant no.11042210014 to M.S.)the China Scholarship Council (Grant no.201806320056 to H.Y.L.)。
文摘The underlying causes of biodiversity disparities among geographic regions have long been a fundamental theme in ecology and evolution.However,the patterns of phylogenetic diversity(PD) and phylogenetic beta diversity(PBD) of congeners that are disjunctly distributed between eastern Asia-eastern North America(EA-ENA disjuncts) and their associated factors remain unknown.Here we investigated the standardized effect size of PD(SES-PD),PBD,and potentially associated factors in 11natural mixed forest sites(five in EA and six in ENA) where abundant EA-ENA disjuncts occur.We found that the disjuncts in ENA possessed higher SES-PD than those in EA at the continental scale(1.96vs-1.12),even though the number of disjunct species in ENA is much lower than in EA(128 vs 263).SESPD of the EA-ENA disjuncts tended to decrease with increasing latitude in 11 sites.The latitudinal diversity gradient of SES-PD was stronger in EA sites than in ENA sites.Based on the unweighted unique fraction metric(UniFrac) distance and the phylogenetic community dissimilarity,PBD showed that the two northern sites in EA were more similar to the six-site ENA group than to the remaining southern EA sites.Based on the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distances(SES-MPD),nine of eleven studied sites showed a neutral community structure(-1.96 ≤SES-MPD ≤1.96).Both Pearson’s r and structural equation modeling suggested that SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was mostly associated with mean divergence time.Moreover,SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was positively correlated with temperaturerelated climatic factors,although negatively correlated with mean diversification rate and community structure.By applying approaches from phylogenetics and community ecology,our work sheds light on historical patterns of the EA-ENA disjunction and paves the way for further research.
文摘Juvenile X-linked retinoschisis（XLRS, MIM#312700） belongs to a group of the vitreoretinal dystrophies. We aimed to describe the phenotype-genotype correlation of three XLRS cases in juveniles with different novel mutations from the Lithuanian population. The patients demonstrated macular retinoschisis and typical cyst-like cavities on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT） images. The mean central foveal thickness was 569.7 μm. Two patients presented with peripheral retinoschisis. Flash electroretinogram demonstrated a reduced b/a ratio（〈1.0） in all patients. RS1（NM_000330.3） gene coding exons Sanger sequencing was performed. RS1 c.599 G〉T（p.R200 L） mutation was detected in one case, showing to be pathogenic in silico analysis. c.（92_97） ins C（p.W33 fs） mutation was identified for another patient, indicating the variant is possibly damaging in silico analysis. The third case was identified with a pathogenic mutation c.422 C〉G（p.R141 H）, HGMD CM981753. These are the first cases of XLRS in the Lithuanian population confirmed by molecular genotyping. Presented patients had a different genotype but similar phenotypic traits.
文摘The ability of a population to adapt to a changing environment depends on its genetic variation. Thus, the study of genetic diversity within and among species or populations is especially important on conservation biology scopes. One way to assess the genetic diversity is through the use of microsatellite molecular markers. Microsatellites have been widely used to answer population genetics issues as gene flow, parentage, and population structure, mostly resulting in data on the distribution of genetic variability within and among natural populations, which are essential for ex situ and in situ conservation procedures. As the Psittacidae family comprehends one of the birds group with the largest number of endangered species, studies that aim to investigate the genetic diversity of these animals may support their conservation. This article is a review of genetic data on parrots, through the use of microsatellite markers, that have been published since 2004.
文摘Bitter gourd(Momordica charantia)is a popular cultivated vegetable in Asian and African countries.To reveal the characteristics of the genomic structure,evolutionary trajectory,and genetic basis underlying the domestication of bitter gourd,we performed whole-genome sequencing of the cultivar Dali-11 and the wild small-fruited line TR and resequencing of 187 bitter gourd germplasms from 16 countries.The major gene clusters(Bi clusters)for the biosynthesis of cucurbitane triterpenoids,which confer a bitter taste,are highly conserved in cucumber,melon,and watermelon.Comparative analysis among cucurbit genomes revealed that the Bi cluster involved in cucurbitane triterpenoid biosynthesis is absent in bitter gourd.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the TR group,including 21 bitter gourd germplasms,may belong to a new species or subspecies independent from M.charantia.Furthermore,we found that the remaining 166 M.charantia germplasms are geographically differentiated,and we identified 710,412,and 290 candidate domestication genes in the South Asia,Southeast Asia,and China populations,respectively.This study provides new insights into bitter gourd genetic diversity and domestication and will facilitate the future genomics-enabled improvement of bitter gourd.
文摘The history of medical genetics is briefly reviewed. It is evident that medical genetics with its inseparable part, clinical genetics, started out as a cfinical science from the very beginning. Its robust development in the developed countries is the result of a close interaction between the basic sciences and clinical genetics. In China, however, clinical genetics has not received due emphasis and medical genetics is still not recognized as one of the medical specialties. This is in marked contrast to the situation in the West. It is high time to acknowledge that medical genetics is a medical specialty and to promote clinical genetics service in qualified hospitals in our country.
基金Supported by Hainan Provincial Science and Technology Project(ZDYF2018035)
文摘Taking 65 cherry tomato core germplasms as experimental materials,the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits were analyzed.The correlation between any two of the seven agronomic traits and the genetic relationships of these germplasms were analyzed based on genotypic values.The genetic diversity indices of the seven agronomic traits were 4.15,4.13,4.16,4.13,4.13,4.13 and 4.01,respectively,showing that the cherry tomato core collection had abundant genetic diversity.The correlation analysis between traits based on genotype effect values showed that leaf length was significantly correlated with leaf width with the correlation coefficient of 0.56.The fruit width was significantly correlated with fruit length with the correlation coefficient of 0.52.The flesh thickness was significantly correlated with fruit length and fruit width with the correlation coefficients of 0.49 and 0.39,respectively.The single fruit weight was significantly correlated with fruit length,fruit width and flesh thickness with the correlation coefficients of 0.44,0.61 and 0.62,respectively.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the phenotypic values,65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into three groups with the rescaled distance of 10.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the genotypic values,the 65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into four groups with the rescaled distance of 10.Comparing the 2 clustering results,it could find that genotypic value-based clustering analysis could better clarify the genetic relationship between core germplasms.This study could provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization of cherry tomato core germplasms.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Scientific Research Funds for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630032015003)
文摘A total of 398 chili pepper germplasms were used as test materials and genetic diversity and correlation analysis were performed on 17 botanical traits. The results of diversity analysis showed that the diversity indexes of the 17 botanical traits ranged from 0.15 to 5.97 with the average value of 4.12. The data distributions of 11 quantitative traits were more dispersed than qualitative traits. The average value of eoefficient of variation was 36.90% and the variation ranges were one to six times larger than the average value. The results of correlation analysis showed that plant height had significantly positive correlations with plant breadth, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, the frrst flower node and carpopodium length. The In＇st flower node was significantly negatively correlated with fruit length, fruit width, flesh thickness and weight per fruit and signifieantly positively correlated with plant height and plant breadth. The flesh thickness was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width and carpopodium length. The weight per fruit was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width, carpopodium length and flesh thickness. Materials with low first flower node, moderate plant height and width and large fruit should be selected for the breeding of early-maturing and high-yield chili pepper varieties. The genetic distances between chili pepper traits were calculated based on the genotypic values of the 11 quantitative traits. The genetic distances between different traits ranged from 14.26 to 32.99. The 11 quantitative traits were divided into seven groups when the rescaled distance was ten, which further clarified the relationships between different traits. The research results laid a solid foundation for the new variety breeding of chili pepper.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province(ZDYF2018035)
文摘[Objective] The paper aimed to analyze genetic diversity and genetic relationship of large fruited tomato core germplasms based on genotypic value.[Method] Taking 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms as tested materials, the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits was analyzed, and the correlation between traits and genetic relationship between germplasms were analyzed based on genotypic effect value.[Result] The diversity indexes of seven agronomic traits were 3.98, 3.97, 3.99, 3.99, 3.97, 3.98 and 3.87, respectively, indicating there were rich genetic diversities in large fruited tomato core germplasms. Correlation analysis of traits was conducted based on genotypic effect value. The results showed that there was extremely significant positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width, and the correlation coefficient was 0.66. There was extremely significant positive correlation between fruit length and fruit width, with a correlation coefficient of 0.49. There was extremely significant positive correlation between weight per fruit and fruit width, with a correlation coefficient of 0.46. The genetic distance between large fruited tomato core germplasms was calculated based on the phenotypic value of traits. When the distance was 5, 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms were divided into three groups. The genetic distance between large fruited core germplasms tomato was calculated based on genotypic predictive value of traits. When the distance was 10, 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms were divided into six groups. Comparing the results of two clustering analysis, it was found that the clustering analysis based on genotypic value could better explain the genetic relationship between germplasms.[Conclusion] The results could provide some basis for understanding the population variation of large fruited tomato and genetic improvement of tomato cultivars.
