RNA interference(RNAi)has been used for agricultural insect pest control based on silencing of targeted insect genes.However,the effectiveness of RNAi and its applications in insect pest control remain challenging.Her...RNA interference(RNAi)has been used for agricultural insect pest control based on silencing of targeted insect genes.However,the effectiveness of RNAi and its applications in insect pest control remain challenging.Here we review factors that may affect the effectiveness of RNAi application,including the variability in RNAi efficacy among different insect species,a limited understanding of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)uptake and systemic RNAi mechanisms,and the effective delivery of dsRNA in field conditions.Furthermore,we summarize recent progress in RNAi strategies for crop protection,discuss the advantages and disadvantages of RNAi-based insect control,and propose potential strategies to increase the effectiveness of RNAi in insect control.展开更多
A substantial body of research has been conducted with the objective of enhancing the understanding of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Central Africa. A significant proportion of the studies focus on medicinal pl...A substantial body of research has been conducted with the objective of enhancing the understanding of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Central Africa. A significant proportion of the studies focus on medicinal plants, in contrast to those that examine food products. Nevertheless, studies on edible wild mushrooms as NTFPs and cultivated mushrooms, on their economic potential and value chains in the Great Lakes Region, remain scarce and largely absent for some NTFPs. In light of the aforementioned considerations, the present study aims to examine the economic potential and value chain of the production sector of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) and cultivated mushrooms (CM) within the Virunga National Park (PNVi) and its surrounding areas in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To this end, a sample of 432 respondents was selected, distributed equitably among the actors of the Goma-Kitshanga-Mweso value chain, the Goma-Rutshuru chain, the Beni-Mutwanga chain, and the Beni-Mangina chain. A digital questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions was administered, and observations were carried out concurrently. The quantities of mushrooms sold were weighed and photographed. The results demonstrated that, when the eight-month fruiting period of wild and cultivated mushrooms was considered as a single year for all actors within the value chain, a picker could sell 6.1 kg at $2 and earn $12. A seller could sell 16 kg at $4 and earn $64, while a grower could sell 502 kg at $3 and earn $1506. Consequently, the CM grower generates a significantly higher profit than other participants in the value chain, despite the expenses he incurs. Ultimately, the domestication of WEM, highly prized by the local population of the Virunga National Park, has the potential to enhance their household incomes, as evidenced by the findings of this study.展开更多
Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and type 2 diabetes(T2D)are interrelated global public health problems,and the current epidemics of both AD and T2D are insulin resistance diseases.Thus,AD and T2D may share common risk factor...Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and type 2 diabetes(T2D)are interrelated global public health problems,and the current epidemics of both AD and T2D are insulin resistance diseases.Thus,AD and T2D may share common risk factors such as an unhealthy diet,lifestyle,and obesity.Meat products is an important part of the diet of consumers worldwide.This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess and estimate the effect of meat products consumption on AD and T2D in humans.Web of Science,MEDLINE,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Embase were searched from January 2012 to April 2024.29 articles reported 32 cohort studies with 1785769 subjects,with 3546 AD cases and 91092 T2D cases that met the inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis.Consumption of various meat products increased the risk of T2D(hazard ratios(HR)=1.19,95%confidence intervals(CI):1.13−1.26,P=0.000;I2=88.5%),consumption of smoked,grilled/roasted and fried meat products was more likely to induce T2D(HR=1.24,95%CI:1.18−1.30,P=0.000;I2=76.1%),but was borderline significant for the risk of AD(HR=1.11,95%CI:0.98−1.25,P=0.094;I2=58.8%),with consumption of mainly livestock and poultry products increasing the risk(HR=1.21,95%CI:1.03−1.42,P=0.017;I2=66.8%).The association between meat products consumption and AD risk was influenced by meat type and sample size,while the risk of T2D was influenced by meat type,follow-up and sex.A daily intake of 27,123 and 170 g of livestock products increased the risk of T2D by 10%,51%and 70%respectively,whereas the risk of T2D was reduced when the intake of various meat products was less than 23 g/day.展开更多
In the rainforests of the Guineo-Congolian region,several native tree species have been tested in plan-tations established with different silvicultural methods and objectives.The results of these experiments remained ...In the rainforests of the Guineo-Congolian region,several native tree species have been tested in plan-tations established with different silvicultural methods and objectives.The results of these experiments remained scattered,hampering our ability to identify the key driv-ers of variability in survival and growth of planted spe-cies.In this study,we carried out a systematic review of the literature.From 45 selected studies,a database was compiled of 89 native tree species planted in different for-est types(evergreen,semideciduous and transition).The data included plantation age,survival,height and diameter growth.For each species,information was collected on the planting method(understorey,line planting,gap,degraded area,regrowth and clear-cut),and species functional traits(species guild,dispersal mode,wood density and leaf phe-nology).Tree survival,height and diameter growth were modelled using linear mixed-effect models.Tree survival depended mainly on plantation age,and mortality was the highest in the seven first years.However,survival did not significantly depend on planting method or species traits.In the study plantations,height and diameter growth depended on planting method and species guild.Diameter growth was negatively correlated with wood density.Pioneer,non-pio-neer light-demanding and shade-tolerant species grew faster in diameter when planted in degraded areas and clear-cuts.Pioneer species grew the fastest in gaps.Although we did not find an effect of forest type on tree survival and growth,the variability between sites was substantial.This study pro-vides empirical evidence that planting methods need to be adapted to the species guild.展开更多
Agricultural plastics play a pivotal role in agricultural production.However,due to expensive costs,agricultural plastic waste management(APWM)encounters a vast funding gap.As one of the crucial stakeholders,the publi...Agricultural plastics play a pivotal role in agricultural production.However,due to expensive costs,agricultural plastic waste management(APWM)encounters a vast funding gap.As one of the crucial stakeholders,the public deserves to make appropriate efforts for APWM.Accordingly,identifying whether the public is willing to pay for APWM and clarifying the decisions’driving pathways to explore initiatives for promoting their payment intentions are essential to address the dilemma confronting APWM.To this end,by applying the extended theory of planned behavior(TPB),the study conducted an empirical analysis based on 1,288 residents from four provinces(autonomous regions)of northern China.Results illustrate that:1)respondents hold generally positive and relatively strong payment willingness towards APWM;2)respondents’attitude(AT),subjective norm(SN),and perceived behavioral control(PBC)are positively correlated with their payment intentions(INT);3)environmental cognition(EC)and environmental emotion(EE)positively moderate the relationships between AT and INT,and between SN and INT,posing significant indirect impacts on INT.The study’s implications extend to informing government policies,suggesting that multi-entity cooperation,specifically public payment for APWM,can enhance agricultural non-point waste management.展开更多
The high-water content of tomato predisposes it to spoilage by microorganisms and led producers to carry out traditional processing of tomatoes in the form of pasteurized tomato puree. However, rapid acidification of ...The high-water content of tomato predisposes it to spoilage by microorganisms and led producers to carry out traditional processing of tomatoes in the form of pasteurized tomato puree. However, rapid acidification of these traditional tomato purees is often observed. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil extracted from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the improvement of traditional tomato puree producing technology. Essential oil of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was extracted by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition was determined by GC and GC/MS. Different types of traditional tomato puree were produced by the modification of the traditional processing technology and the addition of the essential oil introduction step, followed by manual stirring during the process. Based on previous studies, two different essential oil concentrations (5.0 and 7.5 μL∙g−1) were investigated. Physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional analyzes were performed in order to evaluate the quality of the traditional tomato puree produced. Results obtained revealed that the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum investigated has a chemical composition characterized by the presence of eugenol (59.11%) and eugenol acetate (33.73%). Good stabilization of the physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional parameters in traditional tomato puree samples preserved with essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum were observed when compared to control. The essential oil of Clove, with his biological property, offers a novel approach to the management of traditional tomato puree during storage.展开更多
为筛选和评估牛分枝杆菌毒力菌株与卡介苗(BCG)基因差异区域(region of differences,RD)蛋白在牛结核病诊断中的效果,本研究表达了牛分枝杆菌RD1区的PPE68、RD9区的Mb1230、R11区的PPE57和RD2区的PE-PGRS35,并纯化得到纯度大于90%的重...为筛选和评估牛分枝杆菌毒力菌株与卡介苗(BCG)基因差异区域(region of differences,RD)蛋白在牛结核病诊断中的效果,本研究表达了牛分枝杆菌RD1区的PPE68、RD9区的Mb1230、R11区的PPE57和RD2区的PE-PGRS35,并纯化得到纯度大于90%的重组蛋白。通过优化条件建立了间接ELISA检测方法,并采用该方法检测了结核病阳性牛和健康牛血清中针对PPE68、Mb1230、PPE57和PE-PGRS35的IgM和IgG抗体水平,评价其在牛结核病血清学诊断中的潜力。结果显示,在结核病阳性牛中,针对PPE68、Mb1230、PPE57和PE-PGRS35的IgG抗体检出率分别为13.3%、43%、50%和30%,IgM抗体检出率分别为30%、10%、36%和33%。结果表明,R11区的PPE57和RD2区的PE-PGRS35有潜力作为牛结核病血清学检测的候选抗原,用于牛结核病的诊断。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32188102 to Lanqin Xia)Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangxi province(20212ACB215001 to Xiudao Yu)+1 种基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(202303250062)the GSCAAS-ULg Joint PhD Program。
文摘RNA interference(RNAi)has been used for agricultural insect pest control based on silencing of targeted insect genes.However,the effectiveness of RNAi and its applications in insect pest control remain challenging.Here we review factors that may affect the effectiveness of RNAi application,including the variability in RNAi efficacy among different insect species,a limited understanding of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)uptake and systemic RNAi mechanisms,and the effective delivery of dsRNA in field conditions.Furthermore,we summarize recent progress in RNAi strategies for crop protection,discuss the advantages and disadvantages of RNAi-based insect control,and propose potential strategies to increase the effectiveness of RNAi in insect control.
文摘A substantial body of research has been conducted with the objective of enhancing the understanding of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Central Africa. A significant proportion of the studies focus on medicinal plants, in contrast to those that examine food products. Nevertheless, studies on edible wild mushrooms as NTFPs and cultivated mushrooms, on their economic potential and value chains in the Great Lakes Region, remain scarce and largely absent for some NTFPs. In light of the aforementioned considerations, the present study aims to examine the economic potential and value chain of the production sector of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) and cultivated mushrooms (CM) within the Virunga National Park (PNVi) and its surrounding areas in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To this end, a sample of 432 respondents was selected, distributed equitably among the actors of the Goma-Kitshanga-Mweso value chain, the Goma-Rutshuru chain, the Beni-Mutwanga chain, and the Beni-Mangina chain. A digital questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions was administered, and observations were carried out concurrently. The quantities of mushrooms sold were weighed and photographed. The results demonstrated that, when the eight-month fruiting period of wild and cultivated mushrooms was considered as a single year for all actors within the value chain, a picker could sell 6.1 kg at $2 and earn $12. A seller could sell 16 kg at $4 and earn $64, while a grower could sell 502 kg at $3 and earn $1506. Consequently, the CM grower generates a significantly higher profit than other participants in the value chain, despite the expenses he incurs. Ultimately, the domestication of WEM, highly prized by the local population of the Virunga National Park, has the potential to enhance their household incomes, as evidenced by the findings of this study.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Institute of Food Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences under Grant CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFSTGuangdong Provincial Key R&D Programme(2023B0202080003).
文摘Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and type 2 diabetes(T2D)are interrelated global public health problems,and the current epidemics of both AD and T2D are insulin resistance diseases.Thus,AD and T2D may share common risk factors such as an unhealthy diet,lifestyle,and obesity.Meat products is an important part of the diet of consumers worldwide.This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess and estimate the effect of meat products consumption on AD and T2D in humans.Web of Science,MEDLINE,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Embase were searched from January 2012 to April 2024.29 articles reported 32 cohort studies with 1785769 subjects,with 3546 AD cases and 91092 T2D cases that met the inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis.Consumption of various meat products increased the risk of T2D(hazard ratios(HR)=1.19,95%confidence intervals(CI):1.13−1.26,P=0.000;I2=88.5%),consumption of smoked,grilled/roasted and fried meat products was more likely to induce T2D(HR=1.24,95%CI:1.18−1.30,P=0.000;I2=76.1%),but was borderline significant for the risk of AD(HR=1.11,95%CI:0.98−1.25,P=0.094;I2=58.8%),with consumption of mainly livestock and poultry products increasing the risk(HR=1.21,95%CI:1.03−1.42,P=0.017;I2=66.8%).The association between meat products consumption and AD risk was influenced by meat type and sample size,while the risk of T2D was influenced by meat type,follow-up and sex.A daily intake of 27,123 and 170 g of livestock products increased the risk of T2D by 10%,51%and 70%respectively,whereas the risk of T2D was reduced when the intake of various meat products was less than 23 g/day.
基金funded by the Ⅺ European Development Fund (CRIS:2020/419 588) through the UFA Reforest projectalso supported by the research project"Projet de recherche en écologie et en sciences sociales des Ecosystèmes Forestiers d'Afrique centrale (RESSAC)"funding by the EU through CIFOR
文摘In the rainforests of the Guineo-Congolian region,several native tree species have been tested in plan-tations established with different silvicultural methods and objectives.The results of these experiments remained scattered,hampering our ability to identify the key driv-ers of variability in survival and growth of planted spe-cies.In this study,we carried out a systematic review of the literature.From 45 selected studies,a database was compiled of 89 native tree species planted in different for-est types(evergreen,semideciduous and transition).The data included plantation age,survival,height and diameter growth.For each species,information was collected on the planting method(understorey,line planting,gap,degraded area,regrowth and clear-cut),and species functional traits(species guild,dispersal mode,wood density and leaf phe-nology).Tree survival,height and diameter growth were modelled using linear mixed-effect models.Tree survival depended mainly on plantation age,and mortality was the highest in the seven first years.However,survival did not significantly depend on planting method or species traits.In the study plantations,height and diameter growth depended on planting method and species guild.Diameter growth was negatively correlated with wood density.Pioneer,non-pio-neer light-demanding and shade-tolerant species grew faster in diameter when planted in degraded areas and clear-cuts.Pioneer species grew the fastest in gaps.Although we did not find an effect of forest type on tree survival and growth,the variability between sites was substantial.This study pro-vides empirical evidence that planting methods need to be adapted to the species guild.
基金supported by the Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China(18ZDA048).
文摘Agricultural plastics play a pivotal role in agricultural production.However,due to expensive costs,agricultural plastic waste management(APWM)encounters a vast funding gap.As one of the crucial stakeholders,the public deserves to make appropriate efforts for APWM.Accordingly,identifying whether the public is willing to pay for APWM and clarifying the decisions’driving pathways to explore initiatives for promoting their payment intentions are essential to address the dilemma confronting APWM.To this end,by applying the extended theory of planned behavior(TPB),the study conducted an empirical analysis based on 1,288 residents from four provinces(autonomous regions)of northern China.Results illustrate that:1)respondents hold generally positive and relatively strong payment willingness towards APWM;2)respondents’attitude(AT),subjective norm(SN),and perceived behavioral control(PBC)are positively correlated with their payment intentions(INT);3)environmental cognition(EC)and environmental emotion(EE)positively moderate the relationships between AT and INT,and between SN and INT,posing significant indirect impacts on INT.The study’s implications extend to informing government policies,suggesting that multi-entity cooperation,specifically public payment for APWM,can enhance agricultural non-point waste management.
文摘The high-water content of tomato predisposes it to spoilage by microorganisms and led producers to carry out traditional processing of tomatoes in the form of pasteurized tomato puree. However, rapid acidification of these traditional tomato purees is often observed. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil extracted from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the improvement of traditional tomato puree producing technology. Essential oil of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was extracted by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition was determined by GC and GC/MS. Different types of traditional tomato puree were produced by the modification of the traditional processing technology and the addition of the essential oil introduction step, followed by manual stirring during the process. Based on previous studies, two different essential oil concentrations (5.0 and 7.5 μL∙g−1) were investigated. Physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional analyzes were performed in order to evaluate the quality of the traditional tomato puree produced. Results obtained revealed that the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum investigated has a chemical composition characterized by the presence of eugenol (59.11%) and eugenol acetate (33.73%). Good stabilization of the physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional parameters in traditional tomato puree samples preserved with essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum were observed when compared to control. The essential oil of Clove, with his biological property, offers a novel approach to the management of traditional tomato puree during storage.
文摘为筛选和评估牛分枝杆菌毒力菌株与卡介苗(BCG)基因差异区域(region of differences,RD)蛋白在牛结核病诊断中的效果,本研究表达了牛分枝杆菌RD1区的PPE68、RD9区的Mb1230、R11区的PPE57和RD2区的PE-PGRS35,并纯化得到纯度大于90%的重组蛋白。通过优化条件建立了间接ELISA检测方法,并采用该方法检测了结核病阳性牛和健康牛血清中针对PPE68、Mb1230、PPE57和PE-PGRS35的IgM和IgG抗体水平,评价其在牛结核病血清学诊断中的潜力。结果显示,在结核病阳性牛中,针对PPE68、Mb1230、PPE57和PE-PGRS35的IgG抗体检出率分别为13.3%、43%、50%和30%,IgM抗体检出率分别为30%、10%、36%和33%。结果表明,R11区的PPE57和RD2区的PE-PGRS35有潜力作为牛结核病血清学检测的候选抗原,用于牛结核病的诊断。
