Objective:To synthesize nanoformulated naringenin(NF-n)and evaluate its anti-angiogenic and anticancer activities.Methods:NF-n was synthesized using the solvent evaporation method and characterized by dynamic light sc...Objective:To synthesize nanoformulated naringenin(NF-n)and evaluate its anti-angiogenic and anticancer activities.Methods:NF-n was synthesized using the solvent evaporation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.Molecular docking studies were performed to assess NF-n’s binding affinity to vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).In vitro assays using HUVEC and MCF-7 cell lines were conducted to evaluate cytotoxicity and cell migration inhibition.The mRNA expression levels of angiogenesis-and inflammation-related markers(nestin,NRP-1,NRP-2,CD93,IL-1β,TNF-α,NF-κB,and Bcl-2)were quantified via RT-PCR.The anti-angiogenic effect of NF-n was further investigated using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay.Results:Molecular docking revealed effective binding of naringenin to VEGF.NF-n demonstrated significantly reduced particle size and improved physicochemical properties.In in vitro studies,NF-n reduced cell viability and inhibited migration in both HUVEC and MCF-7 cells.RT-PCR analysis showed that NF-n significantly downregulated pro-angiogenic and inflammatory markers.Furthermore,NF-n significantly decreased blood vessel density,total branching points,and vessel length in heparin-induced chick chorioallantoic membrane.Conclusions:NF-n exhibits anti-angiogenic and anticancer properties,positioning it as a promising candidate for therapeutic application in cancer and other pathological conditions involving abnormal angiogenesis.Further preclinical studies are recommended to explore its translational potential.展开更多
In this note, we present the first Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar （SAR） typhoon image acquired in the northwest Pacific on October 4, 2014. The eye shape and sea surface wind patterns associated with Typhoon Ph...In this note, we present the first Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar （SAR） typhoon image acquired in the northwest Pacific on October 4, 2014. The eye shape and sea surface wind patterns associated with Typhoon Phanfone are clearly shown in the high-quality SAR image. SAR winds retrieval procedure was given but the actual wind estimates will only be available after the European Space Agency （ESA） releases the official calibration coefficients in order to accurately derive the SAR-measured normalized radar cross section. This study demonstrates the advantage of Sentinel- 1 SAR with regards to imaging fine scale typhoon patterns on the sea surface beneath storm clouds. This paper also advocates the use of Sentinel-1 SAR data that is made freely and openly available worldwide for the first time in civilian SAR history.展开更多
Objective: The integrated method was investigated to measure Vm/Km of mouse liver glutathione S-transfer-ase (GST) activity on GSH and 7-Cl-4-nitrobenzofurazozan. Methods: Presetting concentration of one substrate twe...Objective: The integrated method was investigated to measure Vm/Km of mouse liver glutathione S-transfer-ase (GST) activity on GSH and 7-Cl-4-nitrobenzofurazozan. Methods: Presetting concentration of one substrate twenty-fold above the other's and taking maximum product absorbance Am as parameter while Km as constant, Vm/Km was obtained by nonlinear fitting of GST reaction curve to the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation In [Am/(Am -Ai)] + Ai/ ( ξ× Km ) = ( Vm/Km )×ti (1). Results: Vm/Km for GST showed slight dependence on initial substrate concentration and data range, but it was resistant to background absorbance, error in reaction origin and small deviation in presetting Km. Vm/Km was proportional to the amount of GST with upper limit higher than that by initial rate. There was close correlation between Vm/Km and initial rate of the same GST. Consistent results were obtained by this integrated method and classical initial rate method for the measurement of mouse liver GST. Conclusion: With the concentration of one substrate twenty-fold above the other's, this integrated method was reliable to measure the activity of enzyme on two substrates , and substrate concentration of the lower one close to its apparent Km was able to be used.展开更多
For a long time,legal entities have developed and used crime prediction methodologies.The techniques are frequently updated based on crime evaluations and responses from scientific communities.There is a need to devel...For a long time,legal entities have developed and used crime prediction methodologies.The techniques are frequently updated based on crime evaluations and responses from scientific communities.There is a need to develop type-based crime prediction methodologies that can be used to address issues at the subgroup level.Child maltreatment is not adequately addressed because children are voiceless.As a result,the possibility of developing a model for predicting child abuse was investigated in this study.Various exploratory analysis methods were used to examine the city of Chicago’s child abuse events.The data set was balanced using the Borderline-SMOTE technique,and then a stacking classifier was employed to ensemble multiple algorithms to predict various types of child abuse.The proposed approach successfully predicted crime types with 93%of accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-Score.The AUC value of the same was 0.989.However,when compared to the Extra Trees model(17.55),which is the second best,the proposed model’s execution time was significantly longer(476.63).We discovered that Machine Learning methods effectively evaluate the demographic and spatial-temporal characteristics of the crimes and predict the occurrences of various subtypes of child abuse.The results indicated that the proposed Borderline-SMOTE enabled Stacking Classifier model(BS-SC Model)would be effective in the real-time child abuse prediction and prevention process.展开更多
Waste production rises in tandem with population growth and increased utilization.The indecorous disposal of waste paves the way for huge disaster named as climate change.The National Environment Agency(NEA)of Singapo...Waste production rises in tandem with population growth and increased utilization.The indecorous disposal of waste paves the way for huge disaster named as climate change.The National Environment Agency(NEA)of Singapore oversees the sustainable management of waste across the country.The three main contributors to the solid waste of Singapore are paper and cardboard(P&C),plastic,and food scraps.Besides,they have a negligible rate of recycling.In this study,Machine Learning techniques were utilized to forecast the amount of garbage also known as waste audits.The waste audit would aid the authorities to plan their waste infrastructure.The applied models were k-nearest neighbors,Support Vector Regressor,ExtraTrees,CatBoost,and XGBoost.The XGBoost model with its default parameters performed better with a lower Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)of 8.3093(P&C waste),8.3217(plastic waste),and 6.9495(food waste).However,Grid Search Optimization(GSO)was used to enhance the parameters of the XGBoost model,increasing its effectiveness.Therefore,the optimized XGBoost algorithm performs the best for P&C,plastics,and food waste with MAPE of 4.9349,6.7967,and 5.9626,respectively.The proposed GSO-XGBoost model yields better results than the other employed models in predicting municipal solid waste.展开更多
The grid DEM(digital elevation model) generation can be from any of a number of sources:for instance,analogue to digital conversion of contour maps followed by application of the TIN model,or direct elevation point mo...The grid DEM(digital elevation model) generation can be from any of a number of sources:for instance,analogue to digital conversion of contour maps followed by application of the TIN model,or direct elevation point modelling via digital photogrammetry applied to airborne images or satellite images.Currently,apart from the deployment of point-clouds from LiDAR data acquisition,the generally favoured approach refers to applications of digital photogrammetry.One of the most important steps in such deployment is the stereo matching process for conjugation point(pixel) establishment:very difficult in modelling any homogenous areas like water cover or forest canopied areas due to the lack of distinct spatial features.As a result,application of automated procedures is sure to generate erroneous elevation values.In this paper,we present and apply a method for improving the quality of stereo DEMs generated via utilization of an entropy texture filter.The filter was applied for extraction of homogenous areas before stereo matching so that a statistical texture filter could then be applied for removing anomalous evaluation values prior to interpolation and accuracy assessment via deployment of a spatial correlation technique.For exemplification,we used a stereo pair of ASTER 1B images.展开更多
He-like ions are the simplest atomic system where the electron-electron interactions can be studied without any disturbance by further correlations. For heavy atomic systems the structure and dynamics differ significa...He-like ions are the simplest atomic system where the electron-electron interactions can be studied without any disturbance by further correlations. For heavy atomic systems the structure and dynamics differ significantly from those of light ions, and in this relativistic domain the current or magnetic interactions play an展开更多
Thermal fatigue behavior of hard chromium electroplated steel in three different crack intensities of high contraction(HC), medium contraction (MC) and low contraction (LC) was studied. Maximum and minimum temperature...Thermal fatigue behavior of hard chromium electroplated steel in three different crack intensities of high contraction(HC), medium contraction (MC) and low contraction (LC) was studied. Maximum and minimum temperaturesduring thermal cycle were 800 and 100℃, respectively. The topography and cross sections of the samples exposedto 50, 100 and 200 thermal cycles were studied. The thermal fatigue behavior was analyzed using the data obtainedfrom surface roughness, crack networks and stress induced during cycles. Although the as-coated sample with LCchromium contained no crack, it appeared to have a high crack density after only 50 cycles. The crack depth andwidth in cyclically oxidized LC coating were much less than those in MC and HC coatings. It was concluded that theLC coating protected the substrate from having cracks or subsurface oxidation during thermal fatigue. The cracksin the HC and MC coatings increased in density as well as in depth by thermal cycles. Moreover, the opening of thecracks to the substrate resulted in sub-surface oxidation.展开更多
On April 27,2016,a striking true-color satellite image acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer（MODIS）onboard National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s（NASA’s）Aqua satellite showed sev...On April 27,2016,a striking true-color satellite image acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer（MODIS）onboard National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s（NASA’s）Aqua satellite showed several groups of very well structured arc cloud patterns（Fig.1）,which are associaed with atmospheric gravity waves,aligned in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean between展开更多
Analyzing colon cancer data is essential for improving early detection,treatment outcomes,public health initiatives,research efforts,and overall patient care,ultimately leading to better outcomes and reduced burden as...Analyzing colon cancer data is essential for improving early detection,treatment outcomes,public health initiatives,research efforts,and overall patient care,ultimately leading to better outcomes and reduced burden associated with this disease.The prediction of any disease depends on the quality of the available dataset.Before applying the prediction algorithm,it is important to analyze its characteristics.This research presented a comprehensive framework for addressing data imbalance in colon cancer datasets,which has been a significant challenge in previous studies in terms of imbalancing and high dimensionality for the prediction of colon cancer data.Both characters are important concepts of preprocessing.Imbalancing refers to the adjusting the data points in the proper portion of the class label.Feature selection is the process of selecting the strong feature from the available dataspace.This study aims to improve the performance of the popular tree,rule,lazy(K nearest neighbor(KNN))classifiers,and support vector machine(SVM)algorithm after addressing the imbalancing issue of data analysis and applying various feature selection methods such as chi-square,symmetrical uncertainty,correlation-based feature selection(CFS)subset,and classifier subset evaluators.The proposed research framework shows that after balancing the dataset,all the algorithms performed better with all applied feature selection methods.Out of all methods,Jrip records 85.71%accuracy with classifier subset evaluators,Ridor marks 84.52%accuracy with CFS,J48 produces 83.33%accuracy with both CFS and classifier subset evaluators,simple cart notices 84.52%with classifier subset evaluators,KNN records 91.66%accuracy with Chi and CFS,and SVM produces 92.85%with symmetrical uncertainty.展开更多
Sea surface temperature(SST)retrieved from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR)onboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)polar orbiting environmental satellites were validated in the East...Sea surface temperature(SST)retrieved from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR)onboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)polar orbiting environmental satellites were validated in the East/Japan Sea(EJS)using surface drifter measurements as ground truths from 2005 to 2010.Overall,the root-mean-square(rms)errors of multichannel SSTs(MCSSTs)and non-linear SSTs(NLSSTs)using global SST coefficients were approximately 0.85℃ and 0.80℃,respectively.An analysis of the SST errors(satellite-drifter)revealed a dependence on the amount of atmospheric moisture.In addition,satellite-derived SSTs tended to be related to wind speeds,particularly during the night.The SST errors also demonstrated diurnal variations with relatively higher rms from 0.80℃ to 1.00℃ during the night than the day,with a small rms of about 0.50℃.Bias also exhibited reasonable diurnal differences,showing small biases during the daytime.Although a satellite zenith angle has been considered in the global SST coefficients,its effect on the SST errors still remained in case of the EJS.Given the diverse use of SST data,the continuous validation and understanding of the characteristic errors of satellite SSTs should be conducted based on extensive in-situ temperature measurements in the global ocean as well as local seas.展开更多
文摘Objective:To synthesize nanoformulated naringenin(NF-n)and evaluate its anti-angiogenic and anticancer activities.Methods:NF-n was synthesized using the solvent evaporation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.Molecular docking studies were performed to assess NF-n’s binding affinity to vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).In vitro assays using HUVEC and MCF-7 cell lines were conducted to evaluate cytotoxicity and cell migration inhibition.The mRNA expression levels of angiogenesis-and inflammation-related markers(nestin,NRP-1,NRP-2,CD93,IL-1β,TNF-α,NF-κB,and Bcl-2)were quantified via RT-PCR.The anti-angiogenic effect of NF-n was further investigated using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay.Results:Molecular docking revealed effective binding of naringenin to VEGF.NF-n demonstrated significantly reduced particle size and improved physicochemical properties.In in vitro studies,NF-n reduced cell viability and inhibited migration in both HUVEC and MCF-7 cells.RT-PCR analysis showed that NF-n significantly downregulated pro-angiogenic and inflammatory markers.Furthermore,NF-n significantly decreased blood vessel density,total branching points,and vessel length in heparin-induced chick chorioallantoic membrane.Conclusions:NF-n exhibits anti-angiogenic and anticancer properties,positioning it as a promising candidate for therapeutic application in cancer and other pathological conditions involving abnormal angiogenesis.Further preclinical studies are recommended to explore its translational potential.
文摘In this note, we present the first Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar （SAR） typhoon image acquired in the northwest Pacific on October 4, 2014. The eye shape and sea surface wind patterns associated with Typhoon Phanfone are clearly shown in the high-quality SAR image. SAR winds retrieval procedure was given but the actual wind estimates will only be available after the European Space Agency （ESA） releases the official calibration coefficients in order to accurately derive the SAR-measured normalized radar cross section. This study demonstrates the advantage of Sentinel- 1 SAR with regards to imaging fine scale typhoon patterns on the sea surface beneath storm clouds. This paper also advocates the use of Sentinel-1 SAR data that is made freely and openly available worldwide for the first time in civilian SAR history.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30200266)
文摘Objective: The integrated method was investigated to measure Vm/Km of mouse liver glutathione S-transfer-ase (GST) activity on GSH and 7-Cl-4-nitrobenzofurazozan. Methods: Presetting concentration of one substrate twenty-fold above the other's and taking maximum product absorbance Am as parameter while Km as constant, Vm/Km was obtained by nonlinear fitting of GST reaction curve to the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation In [Am/(Am -Ai)] + Ai/ ( ξ× Km ) = ( Vm/Km )×ti (1). Results: Vm/Km for GST showed slight dependence on initial substrate concentration and data range, but it was resistant to background absorbance, error in reaction origin and small deviation in presetting Km. Vm/Km was proportional to the amount of GST with upper limit higher than that by initial rate. There was close correlation between Vm/Km and initial rate of the same GST. Consistent results were obtained by this integrated method and classical initial rate method for the measurement of mouse liver GST. Conclusion: With the concentration of one substrate twenty-fold above the other's, this integrated method was reliable to measure the activity of enzyme on two substrates , and substrate concentration of the lower one close to its apparent Km was able to be used.
文摘For a long time,legal entities have developed and used crime prediction methodologies.The techniques are frequently updated based on crime evaluations and responses from scientific communities.There is a need to develop type-based crime prediction methodologies that can be used to address issues at the subgroup level.Child maltreatment is not adequately addressed because children are voiceless.As a result,the possibility of developing a model for predicting child abuse was investigated in this study.Various exploratory analysis methods were used to examine the city of Chicago’s child abuse events.The data set was balanced using the Borderline-SMOTE technique,and then a stacking classifier was employed to ensemble multiple algorithms to predict various types of child abuse.The proposed approach successfully predicted crime types with 93%of accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-Score.The AUC value of the same was 0.989.However,when compared to the Extra Trees model(17.55),which is the second best,the proposed model’s execution time was significantly longer(476.63).We discovered that Machine Learning methods effectively evaluate the demographic and spatial-temporal characteristics of the crimes and predict the occurrences of various subtypes of child abuse.The results indicated that the proposed Borderline-SMOTE enabled Stacking Classifier model(BS-SC Model)would be effective in the real-time child abuse prediction and prevention process.
文摘Waste production rises in tandem with population growth and increased utilization.The indecorous disposal of waste paves the way for huge disaster named as climate change.The National Environment Agency(NEA)of Singapore oversees the sustainable management of waste across the country.The three main contributors to the solid waste of Singapore are paper and cardboard(P&C),plastic,and food scraps.Besides,they have a negligible rate of recycling.In this study,Machine Learning techniques were utilized to forecast the amount of garbage also known as waste audits.The waste audit would aid the authorities to plan their waste infrastructure.The applied models were k-nearest neighbors,Support Vector Regressor,ExtraTrees,CatBoost,and XGBoost.The XGBoost model with its default parameters performed better with a lower Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)of 8.3093(P&C waste),8.3217(plastic waste),and 6.9495(food waste).However,Grid Search Optimization(GSO)was used to enhance the parameters of the XGBoost model,increasing its effectiveness.Therefore,the optimized XGBoost algorithm performs the best for P&C,plastics,and food waste with MAPE of 4.9349,6.7967,and 5.9626,respectively.The proposed GSO-XGBoost model yields better results than the other employed models in predicting municipal solid waste.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD),India (for Distinguished Institute Fellow)
文摘The grid DEM(digital elevation model) generation can be from any of a number of sources:for instance,analogue to digital conversion of contour maps followed by application of the TIN model,or direct elevation point modelling via digital photogrammetry applied to airborne images or satellite images.Currently,apart from the deployment of point-clouds from LiDAR data acquisition,the generally favoured approach refers to applications of digital photogrammetry.One of the most important steps in such deployment is the stereo matching process for conjugation point(pixel) establishment:very difficult in modelling any homogenous areas like water cover or forest canopied areas due to the lack of distinct spatial features.As a result,application of automated procedures is sure to generate erroneous elevation values.In this paper,we present and apply a method for improving the quality of stereo DEMs generated via utilization of an entropy texture filter.The filter was applied for extraction of homogenous areas before stereo matching so that a statistical texture filter could then be applied for removing anomalous evaluation values prior to interpolation and accuracy assessment via deployment of a spatial correlation technique.For exemplification,we used a stereo pair of ASTER 1B images.
文摘He-like ions are the simplest atomic system where the electron-electron interactions can be studied without any disturbance by further correlations. For heavy atomic systems the structure and dynamics differ significantly from those of light ions, and in this relativistic domain the current or magnetic interactions play an
文摘Thermal fatigue behavior of hard chromium electroplated steel in three different crack intensities of high contraction(HC), medium contraction (MC) and low contraction (LC) was studied. Maximum and minimum temperaturesduring thermal cycle were 800 and 100℃, respectively. The topography and cross sections of the samples exposedto 50, 100 and 200 thermal cycles were studied. The thermal fatigue behavior was analyzed using the data obtainedfrom surface roughness, crack networks and stress induced during cycles. Although the as-coated sample with LCchromium contained no crack, it appeared to have a high crack density after only 50 cycles. The crack depth andwidth in cyclically oxidized LC coating were much less than those in MC and HC coatings. It was concluded that theLC coating protected the substrate from having cracks or subsurface oxidation during thermal fatigue. The cracksin the HC and MC coatings increased in density as well as in depth by thermal cycles. Moreover, the opening of thecracks to the substrate resulted in sub-surface oxidation.
文摘On April 27,2016,a striking true-color satellite image acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer（MODIS）onboard National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s（NASA’s）Aqua satellite showed several groups of very well structured arc cloud patterns（Fig.1）,which are associaed with atmospheric gravity waves,aligned in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean between
文摘Analyzing colon cancer data is essential for improving early detection,treatment outcomes,public health initiatives,research efforts,and overall patient care,ultimately leading to better outcomes and reduced burden associated with this disease.The prediction of any disease depends on the quality of the available dataset.Before applying the prediction algorithm,it is important to analyze its characteristics.This research presented a comprehensive framework for addressing data imbalance in colon cancer datasets,which has been a significant challenge in previous studies in terms of imbalancing and high dimensionality for the prediction of colon cancer data.Both characters are important concepts of preprocessing.Imbalancing refers to the adjusting the data points in the proper portion of the class label.Feature selection is the process of selecting the strong feature from the available dataspace.This study aims to improve the performance of the popular tree,rule,lazy(K nearest neighbor(KNN))classifiers,and support vector machine(SVM)algorithm after addressing the imbalancing issue of data analysis and applying various feature selection methods such as chi-square,symmetrical uncertainty,correlation-based feature selection(CFS)subset,and classifier subset evaluators.The proposed research framework shows that after balancing the dataset,all the algorithms performed better with all applied feature selection methods.Out of all methods,Jrip records 85.71%accuracy with classifier subset evaluators,Ridor marks 84.52%accuracy with CFS,J48 produces 83.33%accuracy with both CFS and classifier subset evaluators,simple cart notices 84.52%with classifier subset evaluators,KNN records 91.66%accuracy with Chi and CFS,and SVM produces 92.85%with symmetrical uncertainty.
基金This study was supported by Korea Meteorological Administration/National Meteorological Satellite Center and‘Long-term change of structure and function in marine ecosystems of Korea’and‘East Asian Seas Time series-I(EAST-I)’projects funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries,Korea.
文摘Sea surface temperature(SST)retrieved from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR)onboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)polar orbiting environmental satellites were validated in the East/Japan Sea(EJS)using surface drifter measurements as ground truths from 2005 to 2010.Overall,the root-mean-square(rms)errors of multichannel SSTs(MCSSTs)and non-linear SSTs(NLSSTs)using global SST coefficients were approximately 0.85℃ and 0.80℃,respectively.An analysis of the SST errors(satellite-drifter)revealed a dependence on the amount of atmospheric moisture.In addition,satellite-derived SSTs tended to be related to wind speeds,particularly during the night.The SST errors also demonstrated diurnal variations with relatively higher rms from 0.80℃ to 1.00℃ during the night than the day,with a small rms of about 0.50℃.Bias also exhibited reasonable diurnal differences,showing small biases during the daytime.Although a satellite zenith angle has been considered in the global SST coefficients,its effect on the SST errors still remained in case of the EJS.Given the diverse use of SST data,the continuous validation and understanding of the characteristic errors of satellite SSTs should be conducted based on extensive in-situ temperature measurements in the global ocean as well as local seas.
