Desert-fringe vegetation growing over bright, sandy soils reduces the surface albedo from above 0.4 to well below 0.3. Called desert-scrub, these shrubs form a predominantly vertical clumps protruding from the soil-le...Desert-fringe vegetation growing over bright, sandy soils reduces the surface albedo from above 0.4 to well below 0.3. Called desert-scrub, these shrubs form a predominantly vertical clumps protruding from the soil-level, thereby significantly increasing the coefficient of turbulent heat transfer from the surface. The impact on global and desert-belt climate of changes in these two surface characteristics was simulated by a multi-layer energy balance tnodel. Evaluated only as a forcing to a further climatic change (that is, without accounting for any possible feedbacks) the results are: if vegetation (such as apparently existed under the warmer climate of 6,000 BP ) grows over large areas in the arid, currently bare-soil regions, the annual Northern Hemisphere surface temperature increases by 0.7t (by 0.6'C in July ), the surface temperature over land in the 20-30°N zone increases by 0.9℃ in both the annual and the July means, and the land-ocean annual temperature contrast in this zone increases by 0.25℃(0.2° in July). These results represent the combined influence of the reduction in the surface albedo and of the increase in the coefficient of turbulent heat transfer. In the desert-belt zones, the increase in the transfer coefficient sharply reduces the land temperature and the land-ocean temperature contrast from the values produced by the albedo change alone. This reduction must be attributed to the increased land-to-ocean circulation (which our model does not evaluate explicitly). Considering that a stronger circulation (resulting from land-ocean temperature contrast) generally forces a higher rainfall, the vegetation which emerged in the arid regions during the post-glacial optimum should be considered a significant positive feedback towards a still warmer, and also a more pluvial, climate. Our study may have implications for the 21st century, if the global warming expected from the enhanced greenhouse effects is accompanied by increased precipitation over the continents.展开更多
The hormone defined serum free conditioned medium (SFCM) of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelioid cell line (CNE1) was assayed by both the 3H-thymidine incorporation test and the soft agar test. It was found that...The hormone defined serum free conditioned medium (SFCM) of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelioid cell line (CNE1) was assayed by both the 3H-thymidine incorporation test and the soft agar test. It was found that the SFCM stimulated the growth of long-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells in ac-cordence with the fact that the growth rate of long-term serum-free cultured CNE1 cells was directly proportional to the plating density. Alternatively 5% SFCM inhibited the growth of short-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells by 51% in which the indicator cell remained the responsiveness state of growing in the serum-supplemented medium to the effector of interest. Furthermore, SFCM resulted in the inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of CNE4 cells and A431 cells. Also in soft agar test. SFCM reduced the colony formation of NRK(?),9F cells in the presence of EGF or EGF plus TGF-β. These finding suggested that CNE4 secreted autocrine growth stimulating factor(s) and growth inhibiting factor(s) in the serum-free medium, the latter strongly reverse malignant phenotypes of CNE4 and A431 cells in serum-supplemented surrounding.展开更多
BACKGROUND The liver represents a common site of distant metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer(EC).Conventional chemotherapy(CMT)presents limited efficacy for EC,and EC patients with liver metastases typically...BACKGROUND The liver represents a common site of distant metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer(EC).Conventional chemotherapy(CMT)presents limited efficacy for EC,and EC patients with liver metastases typically experience a poor prognosis,highlighting an urgent need to explore novel treatment approaches.This study evaluated the overall efficacy and safety of CMT vs CMT combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in the treatment of EC patients with liver metastases.Furthermore,prognostic factors influencing outcomes in this patient population were identified.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line chemoimmunotherapy for EC patients with liver metastases and to analyze prognostic factors.METHODS This retrospective study included 126 EC patients with liver metastases at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between 2014 and 2024.Patients receiving CMT were compared with those receiving CMT+ICI.Analyzed variables included clinicopathological features,treatment history,characteristics of metastasis,systemic and local treatments,overall survival(OS),and treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs).Prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models.Finally,efficacy outcomes and TRAE profiles were compared between the two groups.RESULTS A significant difference in median OS was identified between the two groups(10.8 months in the CMT group vs 20.8 months in the CMT+ICI group,P=0.004).The CMT+ICI group also demonstrated a significantly longer median progression-free survival of 11.7 months(P<0.001).Patients receiving combination therapy exhibited significantly improved systemic objective response rate and disease control rate.Multivariate analysis identified key factors significantly influencing OS in EC patients with liver metastases:Karnofsky Performance Status score≥70,receipt of local therapy for liver metastases,and the number of cycles of CMT and immunotherapy received.Furthermore,the incidence of TRAEs did not significantly differ between the CMT+ICI and CMT groups.CONCLUSION For EC patients with liver metastases,the combination of CMT and ICIs demonstrates significantly superior efficacy compared with CMT alone,while maintaining manageable TRAEs.展开更多
研究人工林生态系统水分利用效率(WUE)对环境因子的响应,对于揭示植被的水分利用策略及评估生态系统碳水循环能力具有重要意义。该研究基于广东湛江桉树林生态系统定位观测研究站2018-2022年涡度相关通量数据及同步气象观测数据,采用逐...研究人工林生态系统水分利用效率(WUE)对环境因子的响应,对于揭示植被的水分利用策略及评估生态系统碳水循环能力具有重要意义。该研究基于广东湛江桉树林生态系统定位观测研究站2018-2022年涡度相关通量数据及同步气象观测数据,采用逐步回归分析、路径分析和冗余分析方法,分析尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)人工林生态系统WUE的时间变化及季节性差异特征,研究WUE与生物环境因子的关系,探讨WUE旱、雨季差异及其主要影响因素。主要结果:(1)观测期间尾叶桉人工林生态系统旱季(11-4月)和雨季(5-10月)WUE平均值分别为3.85和2.61 g C·kg^(-1) H_(2)O,WUE全年平均值为3.22 g C·kg^(-1)H_(2)O。(2)WUE具有明显的日间变化特征,旱季和雨季变化趋势相似。日间WUE与饱和水汽压差(VPD)、空气温度(T_(air))、土壤温度(T_(soil))、光合有效辐射(PAR)及土壤湿度(SM)均存在极显著负相关关系,逐步回归分析表明VPD是调控WUE日间变化的主要环境因子。(3)日均值尺度WUE的变化趋势与总初级生产力(GPP)和蒸散(ET)相反,路径分析表明WUE主要受到VPD和T_(soil)的直接负面影响,以及PAR的间接负面影响。WUE对VPD、T_(soil)变化的响应存在明显旱、雨季差异,对PAR变化的季节响应类似。(4)在月均值尺度上,旱季WUE主要受温度和VPD影响,雨季WUE主要受到PAR影响,WUE的季节差异由温度、VPD和PAR调控下ET的变化主导。桉树人工林生态系统WUE旱季高于雨季,日间变化主要受VPD影响,日、月变化除受到VPD影响外,还受到光照和温度的影响。展开更多
文摘Desert-fringe vegetation growing over bright, sandy soils reduces the surface albedo from above 0.4 to well below 0.3. Called desert-scrub, these shrubs form a predominantly vertical clumps protruding from the soil-level, thereby significantly increasing the coefficient of turbulent heat transfer from the surface. The impact on global and desert-belt climate of changes in these two surface characteristics was simulated by a multi-layer energy balance tnodel. Evaluated only as a forcing to a further climatic change (that is, without accounting for any possible feedbacks) the results are: if vegetation (such as apparently existed under the warmer climate of 6,000 BP ) grows over large areas in the arid, currently bare-soil regions, the annual Northern Hemisphere surface temperature increases by 0.7t (by 0.6'C in July ), the surface temperature over land in the 20-30°N zone increases by 0.9℃ in both the annual and the July means, and the land-ocean annual temperature contrast in this zone increases by 0.25℃(0.2° in July). These results represent the combined influence of the reduction in the surface albedo and of the increase in the coefficient of turbulent heat transfer. In the desert-belt zones, the increase in the transfer coefficient sharply reduces the land temperature and the land-ocean temperature contrast from the values produced by the albedo change alone. This reduction must be attributed to the increased land-to-ocean circulation (which our model does not evaluate explicitly). Considering that a stronger circulation (resulting from land-ocean temperature contrast) generally forces a higher rainfall, the vegetation which emerged in the arid regions during the post-glacial optimum should be considered a significant positive feedback towards a still warmer, and also a more pluvial, climate. Our study may have implications for the 21st century, if the global warming expected from the enhanced greenhouse effects is accompanied by increased precipitation over the continents.
文摘The hormone defined serum free conditioned medium (SFCM) of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelioid cell line (CNE1) was assayed by both the 3H-thymidine incorporation test and the soft agar test. It was found that the SFCM stimulated the growth of long-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells in ac-cordence with the fact that the growth rate of long-term serum-free cultured CNE1 cells was directly proportional to the plating density. Alternatively 5% SFCM inhibited the growth of short-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells by 51% in which the indicator cell remained the responsiveness state of growing in the serum-supplemented medium to the effector of interest. Furthermore, SFCM resulted in the inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of CNE4 cells and A431 cells. Also in soft agar test. SFCM reduced the colony formation of NRK(?),9F cells in the presence of EGF or EGF plus TGF-β. These finding suggested that CNE4 secreted autocrine growth stimulating factor(s) and growth inhibiting factor(s) in the serum-free medium, the latter strongly reverse malignant phenotypes of CNE4 and A431 cells in serum-supplemented surrounding.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82303672Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission and Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine through the Targeted Project for Medical and Health Research,No.2025ZL017and China Primary Health Care Foundation,No.ZLMY20240311001ZJ.
文摘BACKGROUND The liver represents a common site of distant metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer(EC).Conventional chemotherapy(CMT)presents limited efficacy for EC,and EC patients with liver metastases typically experience a poor prognosis,highlighting an urgent need to explore novel treatment approaches.This study evaluated the overall efficacy and safety of CMT vs CMT combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in the treatment of EC patients with liver metastases.Furthermore,prognostic factors influencing outcomes in this patient population were identified.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line chemoimmunotherapy for EC patients with liver metastases and to analyze prognostic factors.METHODS This retrospective study included 126 EC patients with liver metastases at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between 2014 and 2024.Patients receiving CMT were compared with those receiving CMT+ICI.Analyzed variables included clinicopathological features,treatment history,characteristics of metastasis,systemic and local treatments,overall survival(OS),and treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs).Prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models.Finally,efficacy outcomes and TRAE profiles were compared between the two groups.RESULTS A significant difference in median OS was identified between the two groups(10.8 months in the CMT group vs 20.8 months in the CMT+ICI group,P=0.004).The CMT+ICI group also demonstrated a significantly longer median progression-free survival of 11.7 months(P<0.001).Patients receiving combination therapy exhibited significantly improved systemic objective response rate and disease control rate.Multivariate analysis identified key factors significantly influencing OS in EC patients with liver metastases:Karnofsky Performance Status score≥70,receipt of local therapy for liver metastases,and the number of cycles of CMT and immunotherapy received.Furthermore,the incidence of TRAEs did not significantly differ between the CMT+ICI and CMT groups.CONCLUSION For EC patients with liver metastases,the combination of CMT and ICIs demonstrates significantly superior efficacy compared with CMT alone,while maintaining manageable TRAEs.
文摘研究人工林生态系统水分利用效率(WUE)对环境因子的响应,对于揭示植被的水分利用策略及评估生态系统碳水循环能力具有重要意义。该研究基于广东湛江桉树林生态系统定位观测研究站2018-2022年涡度相关通量数据及同步气象观测数据,采用逐步回归分析、路径分析和冗余分析方法,分析尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)人工林生态系统WUE的时间变化及季节性差异特征,研究WUE与生物环境因子的关系,探讨WUE旱、雨季差异及其主要影响因素。主要结果:(1)观测期间尾叶桉人工林生态系统旱季(11-4月)和雨季(5-10月)WUE平均值分别为3.85和2.61 g C·kg^(-1) H_(2)O,WUE全年平均值为3.22 g C·kg^(-1)H_(2)O。(2)WUE具有明显的日间变化特征,旱季和雨季变化趋势相似。日间WUE与饱和水汽压差(VPD)、空气温度(T_(air))、土壤温度(T_(soil))、光合有效辐射(PAR)及土壤湿度(SM)均存在极显著负相关关系,逐步回归分析表明VPD是调控WUE日间变化的主要环境因子。(3)日均值尺度WUE的变化趋势与总初级生产力(GPP)和蒸散(ET)相反,路径分析表明WUE主要受到VPD和T_(soil)的直接负面影响,以及PAR的间接负面影响。WUE对VPD、T_(soil)变化的响应存在明显旱、雨季差异,对PAR变化的季节响应类似。(4)在月均值尺度上,旱季WUE主要受温度和VPD影响,雨季WUE主要受到PAR影响,WUE的季节差异由温度、VPD和PAR调控下ET的变化主导。桉树人工林生态系统WUE旱季高于雨季,日间变化主要受VPD影响,日、月变化除受到VPD影响外,还受到光照和温度的影响。
