Various slow slip events(SSEs)with distinct characteristics have been detected globally,particularly in regions with dense Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)networks.In the Hikurangi subduction zone of New Zeal...Various slow slip events(SSEs)with distinct characteristics have been detected globally,particularly in regions with dense Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)networks.In the Hikurangi subduction zone of New Zealand,SSEs frequently occur alongside seismic activity,especially in the Manawatu and Kapiti regions.This study analyzes the 2021-2023 Kapiti-Manawatu long-term SSE using daily displacement data(2019-2023)from 53 GPS stations.The network inversion filter(NIF)method is applied to extract slow slip signals,revealing spatial migration with alternating slip between Kapiti and Manawatu,characterized by distinct phases of acceleration and deceleration.Manawatu exhibits higher slip rates,exceeding 4 cm/month,with greater cumulative slip and surface displacement than Kapiti.A moderate temporal correlation(coefficient 0.59)between seismic activity in the region and slip acceleration in Manawatu suggests that seismic events may contribute to the slip,while no significant correlation is observed in Kapiti.展开更多
Conventional pit excavation engineering methods often struggle to manage the complex deformation patterns associated with asymmetric excavations,resulting in significant safety risks and increased project costs.These ...Conventional pit excavation engineering methods often struggle to manage the complex deformation patterns associated with asymmetric excavations,resulting in significant safety risks and increased project costs.These challenges highlight the need for more precise and efficient design methodologies to ensure structural stability and economic feasibility.This research proposes an innovative automatic optimization inverse design method(AOIDM)that integrates an enhanced genetic algorithm(EGA)with a multiobjective optimization model.By combining advanced computational techniques with engineering principles,this approach improves search efficiency by 30%and enhances deformation control accuracy by 25%.Additionally,the approach exhibits potential for reducing carbon emissions to align with sustainable engineering goals.The effectiveness of this approach was validated through comprehensive data analysis and practical case studies,demonstrating its ability to optimize retaining structure designs under complex asymmetric loading conditions.This research establishes a new standard for precision and efficiency in automated excavation design,with accompanying improvements in safety and cost-effectiveness.Furthermore,it lays the foundation for future geotechnical engineering advancements,offering a robust solution to one of the most challenging aspects of modern excavation projects.展开更多
The photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(P/TGMS)system is crucial for hybrid rice production,but challenges persist in seed purity(due to fertility conversion and mixed male seeds)and mechanization.Here,w...The photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(P/TGMS)system is crucial for hybrid rice production,but challenges persist in seed purity(due to fertility conversion and mixed male seeds)and mechanization.Here,we developed a novel hybrid seed production scheme using herbicide-resistance alleles(OsALS and CYP81A6).P/TGMS lines were bred for imazamox sensitivity and bentazon resistance,while male parents were engineered for the opposite traits.This system enables mechanical harvesting and ensures hybrid purity by eliminating self-pollinated contaminants through herbicide application.We identified suitable sterile lines and developed complementary male parents via breeding and CRISPR/Cas9 editing,validated through herbicide assays.This strategy enhances hybrid seed purity and mechanization efficiency in two-line hybrid rice production.展开更多
In this article,we looked at metallenes,a novel class of two-dimensional(2D)metals that are attracting interest in the energy and catalysis sectors.Catalysis is one area where their exceptional physicochemical and ele...In this article,we looked at metallenes,a novel class of two-dimensional(2D)metals that are attracting interest in the energy and catalysis sectors.Catalysis is one area where their exceptional physicochemical and electrical characteristics might be useful.Metallenes are unique because they include several metal atoms that are not in a coordinated bond.This makes them more active and improves their atomic uti-lization,which in turn increases their catalytic potential.This article delves into the potential of two-dimensional metals as electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction,fuel oxidation,oxygen evolution,and oxygen reduction reactions in the context of sustainable energy conversion.Owing to the exception-ally high surface-to-volume ratio,large surface area as well as their optimized atomic use efficiency,2D materials defined by atomic layers are crucial for surface-related sustainable energy applications.Due to its exceptional properties,such as high conductivity and the ability to enhance the exposure of active metal sites,2D metallenes have recently attracted a lot of interest for use in catalysis,electronics,and energy-related applications.With their highly mobility,adjustable surface states,and electrical struc-tures that can be fine-tuned,2D metallenes are promising nanostructure materials for use in energy con-version with the sustainable applications.展开更多
Estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce water r...Estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce water resources.In the current study,72 soil profiles were sampled from the Barossa region of South Australia to estimate pedo-transfer functions deduced from easily estimated soil properties.These functions were then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pressure head(h_(fc))water contents at field capacity(FC)for minimum drainage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d^(-1)),which serves as the upper boundary for plant-available water in soils.The estimated residual water content was corrected for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The results showed that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand-dominated light and medium textured soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)varied in a narrow range(15.8-18.2 kPa),whereas those in the clay-dominated heavy textured soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed a wide range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There were large differences in PAWC for dynamic FC(PAWC_(fc))and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and a mix of 10and 33 kPa(PAWC_(10,33))pressure heads depending on soil texture.Normally,the difference between PAWC at 10 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(10))was positive,whereas that between 33 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(33))was negative across all sites.Nevertheless,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAWC_(10,33))for sandy,clay,and silty soils reduced the difference between fixed and dynamic pressure PAWCs to<10%across the region.The estimation of PAWC was improved by incorporating the impact of subsoil constraints,such as high ESP,which was more pronounced for clay and silty soils.These findings demonstrate the inherent inconsistencies between static pressure and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in soils.Soil heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and swell-shrink clays can have great impacts on the water retention capacity in response to dynamic and fixed pressure FC values.展开更多
Rice heading date,or flowering time,is important for yield optimization and regional adaptation.While many genes controlling this trait in rice are known,breeders often need only slight adjustments.Our study used the ...Rice heading date,or flowering time,is important for yield optimization and regional adaptation.While many genes controlling this trait in rice are known,breeders often need only slight adjustments.Our study used the CRISPR/Cas9 method to edit the Hd6 gene in the early-maturing,late-season japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 46(NJ46),creating three mutants with reduced flowering times of 9-12 d under natural conditions in Nanjing city,Jiangsu Province,China.These mutants showed higher Hd3a and RFT1 expression levels without compromising yield or eating and cooking quality,demonstrating that Hd6 gene editing is an effective precision breeding tool for shortening heading date without laborious traditional methods.展开更多
The genus Callistoctopus comprises 13 species,and has been reported mostly in the Western Pacific Ocean.Here,we described three new species from China,Ca.paucilamellus sp.nov.,Ca.sparsus sp.nov.,and Ca.gracilis sp.nov...The genus Callistoctopus comprises 13 species,and has been reported mostly in the Western Pacific Ocean.Here,we described three new species from China,Ca.paucilamellus sp.nov.,Ca.sparsus sp.nov.,and Ca.gracilis sp.nov.,based on morphometric and meristic characteristics.The diagnoses,descriptions and detailed morphometric data are provided for each species.The cytochrome c oxidase I(COI)genes of the three new species are sequenced,and compared with related species and analyzed for their systematic positions.Both phylogenetic trees constructed using three mitochondrial genes(12S rRNA,16S rRNA,COI)and one nuclear gene(Rhodopsin)revealed that our new species formed into two distinct clades with strong support values.One clade included Ca.gracilis sp.nov.,Ca.sp.1,Ca.xiaohongxu,Ca.tenuipes and Ca.paucilamellus sp.nov.,which clustered together.The other clade showed that Ca.sparsus sp.nov.was closely related to Ca.sp.2 and Ca.sp.3.Ca.luteus and Ca.macropus were located at the base of the Callistoctopus group.Based on our integrative studies,both morphological and molecular evidence suggested strongly that O.minor is more likely to be classified as a species of Callistoctopus.Morphological comparisons were made between the three new species and related taxa,which could be recognized based on the 7-8 gill lamellae of each demibranch,numerous small black spots on the subdermal layer of the arms,and an elongated body.展开更多
Background: Understanding the role of species identity in interactions among individuals is crucial for assessing the productivity and stability of mixed forests over time. However, there is limited knowledge concerni...Background: Understanding the role of species identity in interactions among individuals is crucial for assessing the productivity and stability of mixed forests over time. However, there is limited knowledge concerning the variation in competitive effect and response of different species along climatic gradients. In this study, we investigated the importance of climate, tree size, and competition on the growth of three tree species: spruce(Picea abies), fir(Abies alba), and beech(Fagus sylvatica), and examined their competitive response and effect along a climatic gradient.Methods: We selected 39 plots distributed across the European mountains with records of the position and growth of 5,759 individuals. For each target species, models relating tree growth to tree size, climate and competition were proposed. Competition was modelled using a neighbourhood competition index that considered the effects of inter-and intraspecific competition on target trees. Competitive responses and effects were related to climate.Likelihood methods and information theory were used to select the best model.Results: Our findings revealed that competition had a greater impact on target species growth than tree size or climate. Climate did influence the competitive effects of neighbouring species, but it did not affect the target species? response to competition. The strength of competitive effects varied along the gradient, contingent on the identity of the interacting species. When the target species exhibited an intermediate competitive effect relative to neighbouring species, both higher inter-than intraspecific competitive effects and competition reduction occurred along the gradient. Notably, species competitive effects were most pronounced when the target species' growth was at its peak and weakest when growing conditions were far from their maximum.Conclusions: Climate modulates the effects of competition from neighbouring trees on the target tree and not the susceptibility of the target tree to competition. The modelling approach should be useful in future research to expand our knowledge of how competition modulates forest communities across environmental gradients.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41704031,42374040)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Science and Technology Department(20232BAB203073)the Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake,Ministry of Natural Resources(MEMI-2021-2022-29).
文摘Various slow slip events(SSEs)with distinct characteristics have been detected globally,particularly in regions with dense Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)networks.In the Hikurangi subduction zone of New Zealand,SSEs frequently occur alongside seismic activity,especially in the Manawatu and Kapiti regions.This study analyzes the 2021-2023 Kapiti-Manawatu long-term SSE using daily displacement data(2019-2023)from 53 GPS stations.The network inversion filter(NIF)method is applied to extract slow slip signals,revealing spatial migration with alternating slip between Kapiti and Manawatu,characterized by distinct phases of acceleration and deceleration.Manawatu exhibits higher slip rates,exceeding 4 cm/month,with greater cumulative slip and surface displacement than Kapiti.A moderate temporal correlation(coefficient 0.59)between seismic activity in the region and slip acceleration in Manawatu suggests that seismic events may contribute to the slip,while no significant correlation is observed in Kapiti.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3009400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52238009 and 52208344).
文摘Conventional pit excavation engineering methods often struggle to manage the complex deformation patterns associated with asymmetric excavations,resulting in significant safety risks and increased project costs.These challenges highlight the need for more precise and efficient design methodologies to ensure structural stability and economic feasibility.This research proposes an innovative automatic optimization inverse design method(AOIDM)that integrates an enhanced genetic algorithm(EGA)with a multiobjective optimization model.By combining advanced computational techniques with engineering principles,this approach improves search efficiency by 30%and enhances deformation control accuracy by 25%.Additionally,the approach exhibits potential for reducing carbon emissions to align with sustainable engineering goals.The effectiveness of this approach was validated through comprehensive data analysis and practical case studies,demonstrating its ability to optimize retaining structure designs under complex asymmetric loading conditions.This research establishes a new standard for precision and efficiency in automated excavation design,with accompanying improvements in safety and cost-effectiveness.Furthermore,it lays the foundation for future geotechnical engineering advancements,offering a robust solution to one of the most challenging aspects of modern excavation projects.
基金supported by the Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory,China(Grant No.ZSBBL-KY2023-07)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(Grant No.CX(22)3138)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32101736,32002124)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.BE2021360-2).
文摘The photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(P/TGMS)system is crucial for hybrid rice production,but challenges persist in seed purity(due to fertility conversion and mixed male seeds)and mechanization.Here,we developed a novel hybrid seed production scheme using herbicide-resistance alleles(OsALS and CYP81A6).P/TGMS lines were bred for imazamox sensitivity and bentazon resistance,while male parents were engineered for the opposite traits.This system enables mechanical harvesting and ensures hybrid purity by eliminating self-pollinated contaminants through herbicide application.We identified suitable sterile lines and developed complementary male parents via breeding and CRISPR/Cas9 editing,validated through herbicide assays.This strategy enhances hybrid seed purity and mechanization efficiency in two-line hybrid rice production.
基金funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2024R24),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabiafunding from the Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University project number(PSAU/2023/R/1444).
文摘In this article,we looked at metallenes,a novel class of two-dimensional(2D)metals that are attracting interest in the energy and catalysis sectors.Catalysis is one area where their exceptional physicochemical and electrical characteristics might be useful.Metallenes are unique because they include several metal atoms that are not in a coordinated bond.This makes them more active and improves their atomic uti-lization,which in turn increases their catalytic potential.This article delves into the potential of two-dimensional metals as electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction,fuel oxidation,oxygen evolution,and oxygen reduction reactions in the context of sustainable energy conversion.Owing to the exception-ally high surface-to-volume ratio,large surface area as well as their optimized atomic use efficiency,2D materials defined by atomic layers are crucial for surface-related sustainable energy applications.Due to its exceptional properties,such as high conductivity and the ability to enhance the exposure of active metal sites,2D metallenes have recently attracted a lot of interest for use in catalysis,electronics,and energy-related applications.With their highly mobility,adjustable surface states,and electrical struc-tures that can be fine-tuned,2D metallenes are promising nanostructure materials for use in energy con-version with the sustainable applications.
文摘Estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce water resources.In the current study,72 soil profiles were sampled from the Barossa region of South Australia to estimate pedo-transfer functions deduced from easily estimated soil properties.These functions were then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pressure head(h_(fc))water contents at field capacity(FC)for minimum drainage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d^(-1)),which serves as the upper boundary for plant-available water in soils.The estimated residual water content was corrected for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The results showed that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand-dominated light and medium textured soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)varied in a narrow range(15.8-18.2 kPa),whereas those in the clay-dominated heavy textured soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed a wide range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There were large differences in PAWC for dynamic FC(PAWC_(fc))and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and a mix of 10and 33 kPa(PAWC_(10,33))pressure heads depending on soil texture.Normally,the difference between PAWC at 10 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(10))was positive,whereas that between 33 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(33))was negative across all sites.Nevertheless,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAWC_(10,33))for sandy,clay,and silty soils reduced the difference between fixed and dynamic pressure PAWCs to<10%across the region.The estimation of PAWC was improved by incorporating the impact of subsoil constraints,such as high ESP,which was more pronounced for clay and silty soils.These findings demonstrate the inherent inconsistencies between static pressure and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in soils.Soil heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and swell-shrink clays can have great impacts on the water retention capacity in response to dynamic and fixed pressure FC values.
基金supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program (Grant No.BE2022383)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China (Grant No.BK20212010)+2 种基金the STI 2030-Major Projects (Grant No.2023ZD04066)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China (Grant No.CX (22)3138)Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory,China (Grant No.ZSBBL-KY2023-04-1)。
文摘Rice heading date,or flowering time,is important for yield optimization and regional adaptation.While many genes controlling this trait in rice are known,breeders often need only slight adjustments.Our study used the CRISPR/Cas9 method to edit the Hd6 gene in the early-maturing,late-season japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 46(NJ46),creating three mutants with reduced flowering times of 9-12 d under natural conditions in Nanjing city,Jiangsu Province,China.These mutants showed higher Hd3a and RFT1 expression levels without compromising yield or eating and cooking quality,demonstrating that Hd6 gene editing is an effective precision breeding tool for shortening heading date without laborious traditional methods.
基金supported by research grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170536,31672257).
文摘The genus Callistoctopus comprises 13 species,and has been reported mostly in the Western Pacific Ocean.Here,we described three new species from China,Ca.paucilamellus sp.nov.,Ca.sparsus sp.nov.,and Ca.gracilis sp.nov.,based on morphometric and meristic characteristics.The diagnoses,descriptions and detailed morphometric data are provided for each species.The cytochrome c oxidase I(COI)genes of the three new species are sequenced,and compared with related species and analyzed for their systematic positions.Both phylogenetic trees constructed using three mitochondrial genes(12S rRNA,16S rRNA,COI)and one nuclear gene(Rhodopsin)revealed that our new species formed into two distinct clades with strong support values.One clade included Ca.gracilis sp.nov.,Ca.sp.1,Ca.xiaohongxu,Ca.tenuipes and Ca.paucilamellus sp.nov.,which clustered together.The other clade showed that Ca.sparsus sp.nov.was closely related to Ca.sp.2 and Ca.sp.3.Ca.luteus and Ca.macropus were located at the base of the Callistoctopus group.Based on our integrative studies,both morphological and molecular evidence suggested strongly that O.minor is more likely to be classified as a species of Callistoctopus.Morphological comparisons were made between the three new species and related taxa,which could be recognized based on the 7-8 gill lamellae of each demibranch,numerous small black spots on the subdermal layer of the arms,and an elongated body.
基金This publication is based upon work from COST Action CLIMO(CA15226) supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)the UMBRACLIM project (PID2019-111781RB-I00)funded by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation. Teresa Valor was contracted with a grant“Juan de la Cierva-Formaci on”(FJC2018-036673-I). Z.S. received funds from the grant no. APVV-20-0365 and from project TreeAdapt supported by the MPRV SR. Aitor Ameztegui is supported by a Serra-Húnter fellowship by the Generalitat de Catalunya。
文摘Background: Understanding the role of species identity in interactions among individuals is crucial for assessing the productivity and stability of mixed forests over time. However, there is limited knowledge concerning the variation in competitive effect and response of different species along climatic gradients. In this study, we investigated the importance of climate, tree size, and competition on the growth of three tree species: spruce(Picea abies), fir(Abies alba), and beech(Fagus sylvatica), and examined their competitive response and effect along a climatic gradient.Methods: We selected 39 plots distributed across the European mountains with records of the position and growth of 5,759 individuals. For each target species, models relating tree growth to tree size, climate and competition were proposed. Competition was modelled using a neighbourhood competition index that considered the effects of inter-and intraspecific competition on target trees. Competitive responses and effects were related to climate.Likelihood methods and information theory were used to select the best model.Results: Our findings revealed that competition had a greater impact on target species growth than tree size or climate. Climate did influence the competitive effects of neighbouring species, but it did not affect the target species? response to competition. The strength of competitive effects varied along the gradient, contingent on the identity of the interacting species. When the target species exhibited an intermediate competitive effect relative to neighbouring species, both higher inter-than intraspecific competitive effects and competition reduction occurred along the gradient. Notably, species competitive effects were most pronounced when the target species' growth was at its peak and weakest when growing conditions were far from their maximum.Conclusions: Climate modulates the effects of competition from neighbouring trees on the target tree and not the susceptibility of the target tree to competition. The modelling approach should be useful in future research to expand our knowledge of how competition modulates forest communities across environmental gradients.
