This paper presents a novel active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)scheme based on a cascade connection of generalized proportional integral observers(GPIOs)with internal models designed to estimate both polynomial...This paper presents a novel active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)scheme based on a cascade connection of generalized proportional integral observers(GPIOs)with internal models designed to estimate both polynomial and resonant disturbances.In this estimator structure,referred to as Cascade GPIO(CGPIO),the total disturbance sensitivity is the product of the sensitivities at each cascade level.This approach improves system performance against both periodic and non-periodic disturbances and enhances robustness under frequency variations in harmonic components.Additionally,the decoupled nature of the estimator reduces the order of the GPIOs,thereby simplifying tuning and limiting observer gains.The proposed control scheme is supported by a frequency-domain analysis and is experimentally validated in the current control of a grid-connected converter subject to control gain uncertainties,harmonic distortion,frequency deviations,and measurement noise.Experimental results demonstrate that the CGPIO-based ADRC outperforms benchmark solutions,including proportional-integral(PI)and proportional-resonant(PR)controllers.展开更多
We conducted a case-control study to analyse the association of psoriasis of recent onset with smoking habits, body mass index (BMI) and stressful life events. Cases (n = 560; median age 38) were patients with a first...We conducted a case-control study to analyse the association of psoriasis of recent onset with smoking habits, body mass index (BMI) and stressful life events. Cases (n = 560; median age 38) were patients with a first diagnosis of psoriasis and a history of skin manifestations of no longer than two years after the reported disease onset. Patients with a new diagnosis of skin diseases other than psoriasis (n = 690; median age 36) were selected as controls. The risk of psoriasis was higher in ex-and current smokers than in never-smokers, the relative risk estimates (OR) being 1.9 for ex-smokers and 1.7 for smokers. Smoking was strongly associated with pustular lesions (32 patients, OR = 5.3 for smokers). The frequency of psoriasis varied significantly in relation to a family history of psoriasis in first degree relatives, BMI (OR = 1.6 and 1.9 for over weighted, BMI 26-29, and obese, BMI≥30, respectively) and stressful life event score (compared to the lower index quartile, the OR being 2.2 for index values≥115). Risk estimates, when taking into consideration the combined effect of these factors with smoking habits, were consistent with a multiplicative model of risk combination with no significant statistical interaction.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the outcomes in biological treatment and quality of life of psoriatic patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC)treated with new Direct-Acting Antiviral agents(DAAs)compared to pegylated interferon-2αplus...AIM To evaluate the outcomes in biological treatment and quality of life of psoriatic patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC)treated with new Direct-Acting Antiviral agents(DAAs)compared to pegylated interferon-2αplus ribavirin(P/R)therapy.METHODS This is a retrospective study involving psoriatic patients in biological therapy who underwent anti-hepatitis C virus(HCV)treatment at the Department of Dermatology Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute Milan,Italy from January 2010 to November 2017.The patients were divided into two groups:patients that underwent therapy with DAAs and patients that underwent HCV treatment with P/R.Patients were assessed by a dermatologist for psoriasis symptoms,collecting Psoriasis Area Severity Index(PASI)scores and the Dermatology Quality of Life Index(DLQI).PASI and DLQI scores were evaluated 24 wk after the end of HCV treatment and were assumed as an outcome of the progression of psoriasis.Switching to a different b DMARD was considered as an inadequate response to biological therapy.The dropout of HCV therapy and sustained virological response(SVR)were considered as outcomes of HCV therapy.RESULTS Fifty-nine psoriatic patients in biological therapy underwent antiviral therapy for CHC.Of this,27 patients were treated with DAAs and 32 with P/R.After 24 wk post treatment,the DLQI and the PASI scores were significantly lower(P<0.001 and P<0.005,respectively)in the DAAs group compared with P/R group.None of the patients in the DAAs group(0/27)compared to 8 patients of the P/R group(8/32)needed a shift in biological treatment.CONCLUSION DAAs seem to be more effective and safe than P/R in HCV-positive psoriatic patients on biological treatment.Fewer dermatological adverse events may be due to interferon-free therapy.展开更多
The development of software as a service represents a great advantage for the users of cloud computing, such as users of small, medium or large organizations. All these users possess different characteristics, which m...The development of software as a service represents a great advantage for the users of cloud computing, such as users of small, medium or large organizations. All these users possess different characteristics, which must be taken into account as reference for the interface development of a software product. This paper considers the element of a user experience model, with the purpose of getting to know the different features that must be taken into account during the development of software as a service. This also involves the participation of different types of users of the SaaS layer model together with the users’ interaction skills level. This paper offers a framework of the involvement actors in the design of a software interface as a service, with the objective of identifying their participation outside and within the organization. The purpose is to create an interface centered on the user, involving clients and experts to work collaboratively;and get usable software as a service application.展开更多
String matching algorithms are an important piece in the network intrusion detection systems. In these systems, the chain coincidence algorithms occupy more than half the CPU process time. The GPU technology has showe...String matching algorithms are an important piece in the network intrusion detection systems. In these systems, the chain coincidence algorithms occupy more than half the CPU process time. The GPU technology has showed in the past years to have a superior performance on these types of applications than the CPU. In this article we perform a review of the state of the art of the different string matching algorithms used in network intrusion detection systems;and also some research done about CPU and GPU on this area.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes two distinct conditions,with different histologic features and prognosis:non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).Furthermore,NA...BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes two distinct conditions,with different histologic features and prognosis:non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).Furthermore,NASH is the more aggressive necro-inflammatory form,which may accumulate fibrosis and result in End stage liver disease(ESLD).NAFLD is also linked to systemic inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis.NAFLD is currently the most common cause of ESLD in Western countries,becoming a serious public health concern.Hidradenitis suppurativa(HS)is a systemic inflammatory/autoinflammatory disease of the terminal follicular epithelium of the apocrine gland with a prevalence of 0.05%to 4.10%.Due to its systemic inflammatory behavior several comorbidities were recently associated,however liver ones were scarcely assessed.AIM To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of NASH/NAFL in HS patients.METHODS This retrospective study is a sub-analysis of a larger study carried out in 4 Italian dermatological centers.In this cohort,there were 83 patients:51 patients with HS only,20 patients with HS/NAFL and 12 with HS/NASH.RESULTS Inflammatory comorbidities were present in 3.9%of HS only patients,25%of HS/NAFL patients and 58.3%of HS/NASH patients(P<0.001).Similarly,mean Autoinflammatory Disease Damage Index(ADDI)was significantly higher among patients with HS/NASH(5.3±2.2,P<0.001)compared to patients with HS/NAFL or HS only(2.8±1.6 and 2.6±1.4 respectively).Furthermore,ADDI correlates with IHS4 in HS,HS/NAFL and HS/NASH.Diabetic patients have higher Hurley score than not diabetic ones.Ultrasound examination was significantly different in the three groups.CONCLUSION HS patients displayed a high prevalence of NASH/NAFLD and ultrasound examination should be particularly addressed to patients that display high ADDI scores.展开更多
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic,relapsing,non-contiguous,exudative eczema/dermatitis,which represents a complex,multi-factorial disorder,due to an impairment of the stratum corneum barrier.Currently available drugs hav...Atopic dermatitis is a chronic,relapsing,non-contiguous,exudative eczema/dermatitis,which represents a complex,multi-factorial disorder,due to an impairment of the stratum corneum barrier.Currently available drugs have a low skin bioavailability and may give rise to severe adverse events.Nanotechnologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,nano-gels,nano-mixtures,nano-emulsions and other nano-carriers,offer unprecedented solutions to these issues,enabling:i)the management of different clinical forms of atopic dermatitis,especially the recalcitrant ones,i)a better bio-availability and trans-dermal drug targeted delivery at the inflammation site,ii)dose control,iii)significant improvements both in clinical symptoms and immune responses,iv)with less adverse events being reported and a better safety profile.However,some nano-sized structures could amplify and even worsen symptoms in particularly susceptible individuals.Furthermore,most studies included in the present systematic review have been conducted in-vitro or in-vivo,with few randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs).Future investigations should adopt this design in order to enable scholars achieving robust findings and evidence.Therefore,given the above-mentioned shortcomings,further research in the field is urgently warranted.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a novel active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)scheme based on a cascade connection of generalized proportional integral observers(GPIOs)with internal models designed to estimate both polynomial and resonant disturbances.In this estimator structure,referred to as Cascade GPIO(CGPIO),the total disturbance sensitivity is the product of the sensitivities at each cascade level.This approach improves system performance against both periodic and non-periodic disturbances and enhances robustness under frequency variations in harmonic components.Additionally,the decoupled nature of the estimator reduces the order of the GPIOs,thereby simplifying tuning and limiting observer gains.The proposed control scheme is supported by a frequency-domain analysis and is experimentally validated in the current control of a grid-connected converter subject to control gain uncertainties,harmonic distortion,frequency deviations,and measurement noise.Experimental results demonstrate that the CGPIO-based ADRC outperforms benchmark solutions,including proportional-integral(PI)and proportional-resonant(PR)controllers.
文摘We conducted a case-control study to analyse the association of psoriasis of recent onset with smoking habits, body mass index (BMI) and stressful life events. Cases (n = 560; median age 38) were patients with a first diagnosis of psoriasis and a history of skin manifestations of no longer than two years after the reported disease onset. Patients with a new diagnosis of skin diseases other than psoriasis (n = 690; median age 36) were selected as controls. The risk of psoriasis was higher in ex-and current smokers than in never-smokers, the relative risk estimates (OR) being 1.9 for ex-smokers and 1.7 for smokers. Smoking was strongly associated with pustular lesions (32 patients, OR = 5.3 for smokers). The frequency of psoriasis varied significantly in relation to a family history of psoriasis in first degree relatives, BMI (OR = 1.6 and 1.9 for over weighted, BMI 26-29, and obese, BMI≥30, respectively) and stressful life event score (compared to the lower index quartile, the OR being 2.2 for index values≥115). Risk estimates, when taking into consideration the combined effect of these factors with smoking habits, were consistent with a multiplicative model of risk combination with no significant statistical interaction.
文摘AIM To evaluate the outcomes in biological treatment and quality of life of psoriatic patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC)treated with new Direct-Acting Antiviral agents(DAAs)compared to pegylated interferon-2αplus ribavirin(P/R)therapy.METHODS This is a retrospective study involving psoriatic patients in biological therapy who underwent anti-hepatitis C virus(HCV)treatment at the Department of Dermatology Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute Milan,Italy from January 2010 to November 2017.The patients were divided into two groups:patients that underwent therapy with DAAs and patients that underwent HCV treatment with P/R.Patients were assessed by a dermatologist for psoriasis symptoms,collecting Psoriasis Area Severity Index(PASI)scores and the Dermatology Quality of Life Index(DLQI).PASI and DLQI scores were evaluated 24 wk after the end of HCV treatment and were assumed as an outcome of the progression of psoriasis.Switching to a different b DMARD was considered as an inadequate response to biological therapy.The dropout of HCV therapy and sustained virological response(SVR)were considered as outcomes of HCV therapy.RESULTS Fifty-nine psoriatic patients in biological therapy underwent antiviral therapy for CHC.Of this,27 patients were treated with DAAs and 32 with P/R.After 24 wk post treatment,the DLQI and the PASI scores were significantly lower(P<0.001 and P<0.005,respectively)in the DAAs group compared with P/R group.None of the patients in the DAAs group(0/27)compared to 8 patients of the P/R group(8/32)needed a shift in biological treatment.CONCLUSION DAAs seem to be more effective and safe than P/R in HCV-positive psoriatic patients on biological treatment.Fewer dermatological adverse events may be due to interferon-free therapy.
文摘The development of software as a service represents a great advantage for the users of cloud computing, such as users of small, medium or large organizations. All these users possess different characteristics, which must be taken into account as reference for the interface development of a software product. This paper considers the element of a user experience model, with the purpose of getting to know the different features that must be taken into account during the development of software as a service. This also involves the participation of different types of users of the SaaS layer model together with the users’ interaction skills level. This paper offers a framework of the involvement actors in the design of a software interface as a service, with the objective of identifying their participation outside and within the organization. The purpose is to create an interface centered on the user, involving clients and experts to work collaboratively;and get usable software as a service application.
文摘String matching algorithms are an important piece in the network intrusion detection systems. In these systems, the chain coincidence algorithms occupy more than half the CPU process time. The GPU technology has showed in the past years to have a superior performance on these types of applications than the CPU. In this article we perform a review of the state of the art of the different string matching algorithms used in network intrusion detection systems;and also some research done about CPU and GPU on this area.
文摘BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes two distinct conditions,with different histologic features and prognosis:non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).Furthermore,NASH is the more aggressive necro-inflammatory form,which may accumulate fibrosis and result in End stage liver disease(ESLD).NAFLD is also linked to systemic inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis.NAFLD is currently the most common cause of ESLD in Western countries,becoming a serious public health concern.Hidradenitis suppurativa(HS)is a systemic inflammatory/autoinflammatory disease of the terminal follicular epithelium of the apocrine gland with a prevalence of 0.05%to 4.10%.Due to its systemic inflammatory behavior several comorbidities were recently associated,however liver ones were scarcely assessed.AIM To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of NASH/NAFL in HS patients.METHODS This retrospective study is a sub-analysis of a larger study carried out in 4 Italian dermatological centers.In this cohort,there were 83 patients:51 patients with HS only,20 patients with HS/NAFL and 12 with HS/NASH.RESULTS Inflammatory comorbidities were present in 3.9%of HS only patients,25%of HS/NAFL patients and 58.3%of HS/NASH patients(P<0.001).Similarly,mean Autoinflammatory Disease Damage Index(ADDI)was significantly higher among patients with HS/NASH(5.3±2.2,P<0.001)compared to patients with HS/NAFL or HS only(2.8±1.6 and 2.6±1.4 respectively).Furthermore,ADDI correlates with IHS4 in HS,HS/NAFL and HS/NASH.Diabetic patients have higher Hurley score than not diabetic ones.Ultrasound examination was significantly different in the three groups.CONCLUSION HS patients displayed a high prevalence of NASH/NAFLD and ultrasound examination should be particularly addressed to patients that display high ADDI scores.
文摘Atopic dermatitis is a chronic,relapsing,non-contiguous,exudative eczema/dermatitis,which represents a complex,multi-factorial disorder,due to an impairment of the stratum corneum barrier.Currently available drugs have a low skin bioavailability and may give rise to severe adverse events.Nanotechnologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,nano-gels,nano-mixtures,nano-emulsions and other nano-carriers,offer unprecedented solutions to these issues,enabling:i)the management of different clinical forms of atopic dermatitis,especially the recalcitrant ones,i)a better bio-availability and trans-dermal drug targeted delivery at the inflammation site,ii)dose control,iii)significant improvements both in clinical symptoms and immune responses,iv)with less adverse events being reported and a better safety profile.However,some nano-sized structures could amplify and even worsen symptoms in particularly susceptible individuals.Furthermore,most studies included in the present systematic review have been conducted in-vitro or in-vivo,with few randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs).Future investigations should adopt this design in order to enable scholars achieving robust findings and evidence.Therefore,given the above-mentioned shortcomings,further research in the field is urgently warranted.
