For environmental applications,it is crucial to rationally design and synthesize photocatalysts with positive exciton splitting and interfacial charge transfer.Here,a novel Agbridged dual Z-scheme Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)/CoNi...For environmental applications,it is crucial to rationally design and synthesize photocatalysts with positive exciton splitting and interfacial charge transfer.Here,a novel Agbridged dual Z-scheme Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)/CoNi-LDH plasmonic heterojunction was successfully synthesized using a simple method,with the goal of overcoming the common drawbacks of traditional photocatalysts such as weak photoresponsivity,rapid combination of photogenerated carriers,and unstable structure.These materials were characterized by XRD,FT-IR,SEM,TEM UV-Vis/DRS,and XPS to verify the structure and stability of the heterostructure.The pristine LDH,g-C_(3)N_(4),and Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)/CoNi-LDH composite were investigated as photocatalysts for water remediation,an environmentally motivated process.Specifically,the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline was studied as a model reaction.The performance of the supports and composite catalyst were determined by evaluating both the degradation and adsorption phenomenon.The influence of several experimental parameters such as catalyst loading,pH,and tetracycline concentrationwere evaluated.The current study provides important data for water treatment and similar environmental protection applications.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup> for at least three (3) months. Anemia is one of i...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup> for at least three (3) months. Anemia is one of its most common complications. Anemia increases the risk factor for cardiovascular mortality by 18% per gram of hemoglobin loss. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine the prevalence and characteristics of this severe anemia, to determine the indications for transfusion, the complications related to this anemia, the evolution and the prognosis of these patients. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection over 18 months (January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018) that included hospitalized CRF patients. Were included, non-dialyzed chronic renal failure patients with Hb ≤ 5 g/dl hospitalized during the said period. Not included were chronic renal failure patients with an Hb level ≥ 5 g/dl, those followed up and/or hospitalized outside the study period. <strong>Results:</strong> Among 1176 patients, 26 had severe anemia (Hb level ≤ 5 g/dl) on CRF, a prevalence of 2.21%. The mean age was 40 years ± 32.62 with extremes of 15 and 67 years. Seventeen women and 9 men. The etiology of chronic renal failure (CRF) was hypertensive vascular nephropathy in 50% of cases. CRF was end-stage in 18 patients (69.2%). The mean hemoglobin level was 4.10 g/dl ± 0.64 with extremes of 2 and 5 g/dl. The anemia was microcytic hypochromic in 50% and aregenerative (96.2%). The main symptoms were asthenia in 20 cases (76.9%), dizziness in 20 cases (76.9%), exertional dyspnea in 19 cases (73.1%). Signs of cardiac decompensation (n = 12) were jugular turgor 10 cases (38.5%), hepato-jugular reflux 06 cases (23.1%), mitral insufficiency murmur 06 cases (23.1%). The main complication was left ventricular hypertrophy 17 cases (77.3%). There was no correlation between anemia and sex (p = 0.291), age (p = 0.778), malaria (p = 0.158), etiology of CRF (p = 0.26). The evolution after treatment of anemia was favorable in 19 patients (73.1%), unfavorable in 02 patients (7.7%) and 05 deaths (19.2%). The deaths were of cardiovascular cause: left ventricular insufficiency 04 cases, stroke 01 case. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Anemia is frequent in patients with chronic renal failure and remains an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and poor general condition.展开更多
With every passing day,the demand for data traffic is increasing,and this urges the research community not only to look for an alternating spectrum for communication but also urges radio frequency planners to use the ...With every passing day,the demand for data traffic is increasing,and this urges the research community not only to look for an alternating spectrum for communication but also urges radio frequency planners to use the existing spectrum efficiently.Cell sizes are shrinking with every upcoming communication generation,which makes base station placement planning even more complex and cumbersome.In order to make the next-generation cost-effective,it is important to design a network in such a way that it utilizes the minimum number of base stations while ensuring seamless coverage and quality of service.This paper aims at the development of a new simulation-based optimization approach using a hybrid metaheuristic and metamodel applied in a novel mathematical formulation of the multi-transmitter placement planning(MTPP)problem.We first develop a new mathematical programming model for MTPP that is flexible to design the locations for any number of transmitters.To solve this constrained optimization problem,we propose a hybrid approach using the radial basis function(RBF)metamodel to assist the particle swarm optimizer(PSO)by mitigating the associated computational burden of the optimization procedure.We evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm by simulating the MTPP model with two,three,four and five transmitters and estimating the Pareto front for optimal locations of transmitters.The quantitative results show that almost maximum signal coverage can be obtained with four transmitters;thus,it is not a wise idea to use higher number of transmitters in the model.Furthermore,the limitations and future works are discussed.展开更多
Stroke is the leading cause of mortality globally,ultimately leading to severe,lifelong neurological impairments.Patients often suffer from a secondary cascade of damage,including neuroinflammation,cytotoxicity,oxidat...Stroke is the leading cause of mortality globally,ultimately leading to severe,lifelong neurological impairments.Patients often suffer from a secondary cascade of damage,including neuroinflammation,cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and mitochondrial dysfunction.Regrettably,there is a paucity of clinically available therapeutics to address these issues.Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal roles of astrocytes,the most abundant glial cells in the brain,throughout the various stages of ischemic stroke.In this comprehensive review,we initially provide an overview of the fundamental physiological functions of astrocytes in the brain,emphasizing their critical role in modulating neuronal homeostasis,synaptic activity,and blood-brain barrier integrity.We then delve into the growing body of evidence that highlights the functional diversity and heterogeneity of astrocytes in the context of ischemic stroke.Their well-established contributions to energy provision,metabolic regulation,and neurotransmitter homeostasis,as well as their emerging roles in mitochondrial recovery,neuroinflammation regulation,and oxidative stress modulation following ischemic injury,are discussed in detail.We also explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning these functions,with particular emphasis on recently identified targets within astrocytes that offer promising prospects for therapeutic intervention.In the final section of this review,we offer a detailed overview of the current therapeutic strategies targeting astrocytes in the treatment of ischemic stroke.These astrocyte-targeting strategies are categorized into traditional small-molecule drugs,microRNAs(miRNAs),stem cell-based therapies,cellular reprogramming,hydrogels,and extracellular vesicles.By summarizing the current understanding of astrocyte functions and therapeutic targeting approaches,we aim to highlight the critical roles of astrocytes during and after stroke,particularly in the pathophysiological development in ischemic stroke.We also emphasize promising avenues for novel,astrocyte-targeted therapeutics that could become clinically available options,ultimately improving outcomes for patients with stroke.展开更多
Titanium exhibits outstanding properties,particularly,high specific strength and resistance to both high and low temperatures,earning it a reputation as the metal of the future.However,because of the highly reactive n...Titanium exhibits outstanding properties,particularly,high specific strength and resistance to both high and low temperatures,earning it a reputation as the metal of the future.However,because of the highly reactive nature of titanium,metallic titanium production involves extensive procedures and high costs.Considering its advantages and limitations,the European Union has classified titanium metal as a critical raw material(CRM)of low category.The Kroll process is predominantly used to produce titanium;however,molten salt electrolysis(MSE)is currently being explored for producing metallic titanium at a low cost.Since 2000,electrolytic titanium production has undergone a wave of technological advancements.However,because of the intermediate and disproportionation reactions in the electrolytic titanium production process,the process efficiency and titanium purity according to industrial standards could not be achieved.Consequently,metallic titanium production has gradually diversified into employing technologies such as thermal reduction,MSE,and titanium alloy preparation.This study provides a comprehensive review of research advances in titanium metal preparation technologies over the past two decades,highlighting the challenges faced by the existing methods and proposing potential solutions.It offers useful insights into the development of low-cost titanium preparation technologies.展开更多
The major aim of stroke therapy is to stimulate brain repair and improve behavioral recovery after cerebral ischemia.One option is to stimulate endogenous neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and direct the newly f...The major aim of stroke therapy is to stimulate brain repair and improve behavioral recovery after cerebral ischemia.One option is to stimulate endogenous neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and direct the newly formed neurons to the damaged area.However,only a small percentage of these neurons survive,and many do not reach the damaged area,possibly because the corpus callosum impedes the migration of subventricular zone-derived stem cells into the lesioned cortex.A second major obstacle to stem cell therapy is the strong inflammatory reaction induced by cerebral ischemia,whereby the associated phagocytic activity of brain macrophages removes both therapeutic cells and/or cell-based drug carriers.To address these issues,neurogenesis was electrically stimulated in the subventricular zone,followed by isolation of proliferating cells,including newly formed neurons,which were subsequently mixed with a nutritional hydrogel.This mixture was then transferred to the stroke cavity of day 14 post-stroke mice.We found that the performance of the treated animals improved in behavioral tests,including novel object,open field,hole board,grooming,and“time-to-feel”adhesive tape tests.Furthermore,immunostaining revealed that the stem cell marker nestin,the neuroepithelial marker Mash1,and the immature neuronal marker doublecortin-positive cells survived in the transplanted area for 2 weeks,possibly due to reduced phagocytic activity and supportive angiogenesis.These results clearly indicate that the transplantation of committed subventricular zone stem cells combined with a protective nutritional gel directly into the infarct cavity after the peak of stroke-induced neuroinflammation represents a feasible approach to improve neurorestoration after cerebral ischemia.展开更多
The retrospective study by Edwar et al reinforces the role of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty(PK)as a vital intervention in severe,treatment-resistant infectious keratitis.In advanced cases—often complicated by ...The retrospective study by Edwar et al reinforces the role of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty(PK)as a vital intervention in severe,treatment-resistant infectious keratitis.In advanced cases—often complicated by trauma,delayed presentation,and corneal perforation—PK restores globe integrity and provides limited visual recovery.However,its application is constrained by graft-related complications and donor shortages,particularly in low-resource settings.These limitations highlight the need for earlier,globe-sparing strategies to prevent progression and reduce surgical demand.Photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking(PACK-CXL)has emerged as a promising adjunct or alternative.With both antimicrobial and tissue-stabilizing effects,PACK-CXL may control infection and preserve corneal structure in earlier stages.A layered treatment framework that incorporates PACK-CXL as an initial intervention and reserves PK for refractory cases may help improve clinical outcomes.Further studies are needed to define their best use in practice.展开更多
This review comprehensively summarized the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in the management of esophageal cancer.It highlighted the significance of AI-assisted endoscopy in Japan where endoscopy is central to...This review comprehensively summarized the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in the management of esophageal cancer.It highlighted the significance of AI-assisted endoscopy in Japan where endoscopy is central to both screening and diagnosis.For the clinical adaptation of AI,several challenges remain for its effective translation.The establishment of high-quality clinical databases,such as the National Clinical Database and Japan Endoscopy Database in Japan,which covers almost all cases of esophageal cancer,is essential for validating multimodal AI models.This requires rigorous external validation using diverse datasets,including those from different endoscope manufacturers and image qualities.Furthermore,endoscopists’skills significantly affect diagnostic accuracy,suggesting that AI should serve as a supportive tool rather than a replacement.Addressing these challenges,along with country-specific legal and ethical considerations,will facilitate the successful integration of multimodal AI into the management of esophageal cancer,particularly in endoscopic diagnosis,and contribute to improved patient outcomes.Although this review focused on Japan as a case study,the challenges and solutions described are broadly applicable to other high-incidence regions.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers remain a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.Artificial intelligence(AI),particularly machine learning and deep learning(DL),has shown promise in enhancing can...Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers remain a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.Artificial intelligence(AI),particularly machine learning and deep learning(DL),has shown promise in enhancing cancer detection,diagnosis,and prognostication.A narrative review of literature published from January 2015 to march 2025 was conducted using PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus.Search terms included"gastrointestinal cancer","artificial intelligence","machine learning","deep learning","radiomics","multimodal detection"and"predictive modeling".Studies were included if they focused on clinically relevant AI applications in GI oncology.AI algorithms for GI cancer detection have achieved high performance across imaging modalities,with endoscopic DL systems reporting accuracies of 85%-97%for polyp detection and segmentation.Radiomics-based models have predicted molecular biomarkers such as programmed cell death ligand 2 expression with area under the curves up to 0.92.Large language models applied to radiology reports demonstrated diagnostic accuracy comparable to junior radiologists(78.9%vs 80.0%),though without incremental value when combined with human interpretation.Multimodal AI approaches integrating imaging,pathology,and clinical data show emerging potential for precision oncology.AI in GI oncology has reached clinically relevant accuracy levels in multiple diagnostic tasks,with multimodal approaches and predictive biomarker modeling offering new opportunities for personalized care.However,broader validation,integration into clinical workflows,and attention to ethical,legal,and social implications remain critical for widespread adoption.展开更多
Oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)alloys are extensively used owing to high thermostability and creep strength contributed from uniformly dispersed fine oxides particles.However,the existence of these strengthening pa...Oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)alloys are extensively used owing to high thermostability and creep strength contributed from uniformly dispersed fine oxides particles.However,the existence of these strengthening particles also deteriorates the processability and it is of great importance to establish accurate processing maps to guide the thermomechanical processes to enhance the formability.In this study,we performed particle swarm optimization-based back propagation artificial neural network model to predict the high temperature flow behavior of 0.25wt%Al2O3 particle-reinforced Cu alloys,and compared the accuracy with that of derived by Arrhenius-type constitutive model and back propagation artificial neural network model.To train these models,we obtained the raw data by fabricating ODS Cu alloys using the internal oxidation and reduction method,and conducting systematic hot compression tests between 400 and800℃with strain rates of 10^(-2)-10 S^(-1).At last,processing maps for ODS Cu alloys were proposed by combining processing parameters,mechanical behavior,microstructure characterization,and the modeling results achieved a coefficient of determination higher than>99%.展开更多
Shikonin,a naphthoquinone compound derived from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon,has been extensively studied for its antibacterial,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory properties.Increasing evidence highlights its...Shikonin,a naphthoquinone compound derived from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon,has been extensively studied for its antibacterial,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory properties.Increasing evidence highlights its potential in treating inflammation-related diseases.However,its clinical application is hindered by challenges such as poor water solubility,rapid metabolism in vivo,and other limitations.Recent advancements have demonstrated that encapsulating shikonin within nanocarriers can significantly enhance its water solubility and pharmacokinetic profile.Building on this,this perspective paper outlines the current landscape of inflammation treatment,explores the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of shikonin,reviews the latest progress in shikonin-based nanomaterials for anti-inflammatory applications,and discusses the challenges and future directions for the clinical translation of shikonin nanoformulations.展开更多
Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease is extremely challenging,as demonstrated by the repeated failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics and the controversies surrounding the amyloid-βcascade hypothesis.More r...Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease is extremely challenging,as demonstrated by the repeated failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics and the controversies surrounding the amyloid-βcascade hypothesis.More recently,advances in the development of Lecanemab,an anti-amyloid-βmonoclonal antibody,have shown positive results in reducing brain A burden and slowing cognitive decline in patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease in the Phase Ⅲ clinical trial(Clarity Alzheimer’s disease).Despite these promising results,side effects such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities(ARIA)may limit its usage.ARIA can manifest as ARIA-E(cerebral edema or effusions)and ARIA-H(microhemorrhages or superficial siderosis)and is thought to be caused by increased vascular permeability due to inflammatory responses,leading to leakages of blood products and protein-rich fluid into brain parenchyma.Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease,and the blood-brain barrier becomes increasingly leaky as the disease progresses.In addition,APOE4,the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease,is associated with higher vascular amyloid burden,increased ARIA incidence,and accelerated blood-brain barrier disruptions.These interconnected vascular abnormalities highlight the importance of vascular contributions to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.Here,we will closely examine recent research evaluating the heterogeneity of brain endothelial cells in the microvasculature of different brain regions and their relationships with Alzheimer’s disease progression.展开更多
文摘For environmental applications,it is crucial to rationally design and synthesize photocatalysts with positive exciton splitting and interfacial charge transfer.Here,a novel Agbridged dual Z-scheme Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)/CoNi-LDH plasmonic heterojunction was successfully synthesized using a simple method,with the goal of overcoming the common drawbacks of traditional photocatalysts such as weak photoresponsivity,rapid combination of photogenerated carriers,and unstable structure.These materials were characterized by XRD,FT-IR,SEM,TEM UV-Vis/DRS,and XPS to verify the structure and stability of the heterostructure.The pristine LDH,g-C_(3)N_(4),and Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)/CoNi-LDH composite were investigated as photocatalysts for water remediation,an environmentally motivated process.Specifically,the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline was studied as a model reaction.The performance of the supports and composite catalyst were determined by evaluating both the degradation and adsorption phenomenon.The influence of several experimental parameters such as catalyst loading,pH,and tetracycline concentrationwere evaluated.The current study provides important data for water treatment and similar environmental protection applications.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup> for at least three (3) months. Anemia is one of its most common complications. Anemia increases the risk factor for cardiovascular mortality by 18% per gram of hemoglobin loss. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine the prevalence and characteristics of this severe anemia, to determine the indications for transfusion, the complications related to this anemia, the evolution and the prognosis of these patients. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection over 18 months (January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018) that included hospitalized CRF patients. Were included, non-dialyzed chronic renal failure patients with Hb ≤ 5 g/dl hospitalized during the said period. Not included were chronic renal failure patients with an Hb level ≥ 5 g/dl, those followed up and/or hospitalized outside the study period. <strong>Results:</strong> Among 1176 patients, 26 had severe anemia (Hb level ≤ 5 g/dl) on CRF, a prevalence of 2.21%. The mean age was 40 years ± 32.62 with extremes of 15 and 67 years. Seventeen women and 9 men. The etiology of chronic renal failure (CRF) was hypertensive vascular nephropathy in 50% of cases. CRF was end-stage in 18 patients (69.2%). The mean hemoglobin level was 4.10 g/dl ± 0.64 with extremes of 2 and 5 g/dl. The anemia was microcytic hypochromic in 50% and aregenerative (96.2%). The main symptoms were asthenia in 20 cases (76.9%), dizziness in 20 cases (76.9%), exertional dyspnea in 19 cases (73.1%). Signs of cardiac decompensation (n = 12) were jugular turgor 10 cases (38.5%), hepato-jugular reflux 06 cases (23.1%), mitral insufficiency murmur 06 cases (23.1%). The main complication was left ventricular hypertrophy 17 cases (77.3%). There was no correlation between anemia and sex (p = 0.291), age (p = 0.778), malaria (p = 0.158), etiology of CRF (p = 0.26). The evolution after treatment of anemia was favorable in 19 patients (73.1%), unfavorable in 02 patients (7.7%) and 05 deaths (19.2%). The deaths were of cardiovascular cause: left ventricular insufficiency 04 cases, stroke 01 case. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Anemia is frequent in patients with chronic renal failure and remains an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and poor general condition.
基金funded by TSRI Fund(CU_FRB640001_01_21_6).Amir Parnianifard would like to acknowledge the financial support by Second Century Fund(C2F),Chulalongkorn University,BangkokSupporting Project number(TURSP-2020/228),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia for the financial support.
文摘With every passing day,the demand for data traffic is increasing,and this urges the research community not only to look for an alternating spectrum for communication but also urges radio frequency planners to use the existing spectrum efficiently.Cell sizes are shrinking with every upcoming communication generation,which makes base station placement planning even more complex and cumbersome.In order to make the next-generation cost-effective,it is important to design a network in such a way that it utilizes the minimum number of base stations while ensuring seamless coverage and quality of service.This paper aims at the development of a new simulation-based optimization approach using a hybrid metaheuristic and metamodel applied in a novel mathematical formulation of the multi-transmitter placement planning(MTPP)problem.We first develop a new mathematical programming model for MTPP that is flexible to design the locations for any number of transmitters.To solve this constrained optimization problem,we propose a hybrid approach using the radial basis function(RBF)metamodel to assist the particle swarm optimizer(PSO)by mitigating the associated computational burden of the optimization procedure.We evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm by simulating the MTPP model with two,three,four and five transmitters and estimating the Pareto front for optimal locations of transmitters.The quantitative results show that almost maximum signal coverage can be obtained with four transmitters;thus,it is not a wise idea to use higher number of transmitters in the model.Furthermore,the limitations and future works are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82001325Visiting Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province,No.20236-01(both to CS).
文摘Stroke is the leading cause of mortality globally,ultimately leading to severe,lifelong neurological impairments.Patients often suffer from a secondary cascade of damage,including neuroinflammation,cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and mitochondrial dysfunction.Regrettably,there is a paucity of clinically available therapeutics to address these issues.Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal roles of astrocytes,the most abundant glial cells in the brain,throughout the various stages of ischemic stroke.In this comprehensive review,we initially provide an overview of the fundamental physiological functions of astrocytes in the brain,emphasizing their critical role in modulating neuronal homeostasis,synaptic activity,and blood-brain barrier integrity.We then delve into the growing body of evidence that highlights the functional diversity and heterogeneity of astrocytes in the context of ischemic stroke.Their well-established contributions to energy provision,metabolic regulation,and neurotransmitter homeostasis,as well as their emerging roles in mitochondrial recovery,neuroinflammation regulation,and oxidative stress modulation following ischemic injury,are discussed in detail.We also explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning these functions,with particular emphasis on recently identified targets within astrocytes that offer promising prospects for therapeutic intervention.In the final section of this review,we offer a detailed overview of the current therapeutic strategies targeting astrocytes in the treatment of ischemic stroke.These astrocyte-targeting strategies are categorized into traditional small-molecule drugs,microRNAs(miRNAs),stem cell-based therapies,cellular reprogramming,hydrogels,and extracellular vesicles.By summarizing the current understanding of astrocyte functions and therapeutic targeting approaches,we aim to highlight the critical roles of astrocytes during and after stroke,particularly in the pathophysiological development in ischemic stroke.We also emphasize promising avenues for novel,astrocyte-targeted therapeutics that could become clinically available options,ultimately improving outcomes for patients with stroke.
基金financial support from the Yunnan Province Key Industries Science and Technology Special Project for Colleges and UniversitiesChina(No.FWCY-QYCT2024006)+6 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104351 and 52364051)Science and Technology Major Project of Yunnan Province,China(No.202202AG050007)the Yunnan Fundamental Research ProjectsChina(No.202401AT070314)the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2023CXGC010903)Central Guidance Local Scientific and Technological Development Funds,China(No.202407AB110022)Yunnan Province Xingdian Talent Support Plan Project,China。
文摘Titanium exhibits outstanding properties,particularly,high specific strength and resistance to both high and low temperatures,earning it a reputation as the metal of the future.However,because of the highly reactive nature of titanium,metallic titanium production involves extensive procedures and high costs.Considering its advantages and limitations,the European Union has classified titanium metal as a critical raw material(CRM)of low category.The Kroll process is predominantly used to produce titanium;however,molten salt electrolysis(MSE)is currently being explored for producing metallic titanium at a low cost.Since 2000,electrolytic titanium production has undergone a wave of technological advancements.However,because of the intermediate and disproportionation reactions in the electrolytic titanium production process,the process efficiency and titanium purity according to industrial standards could not be achieved.Consequently,metallic titanium production has gradually diversified into employing technologies such as thermal reduction,MSE,and titanium alloy preparation.This study provides a comprehensive review of research advances in titanium metal preparation technologies over the past two decades,highlighting the challenges faced by the existing methods and proposing potential solutions.It offers useful insights into the development of low-cost titanium preparation technologies.
基金supported by European Union Funding Programme,PNRR,No. 760058(to DMH)the UEFISCDI Project,No. PN-III-P4-IDPCE-2020-059(to APW)
文摘The major aim of stroke therapy is to stimulate brain repair and improve behavioral recovery after cerebral ischemia.One option is to stimulate endogenous neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and direct the newly formed neurons to the damaged area.However,only a small percentage of these neurons survive,and many do not reach the damaged area,possibly because the corpus callosum impedes the migration of subventricular zone-derived stem cells into the lesioned cortex.A second major obstacle to stem cell therapy is the strong inflammatory reaction induced by cerebral ischemia,whereby the associated phagocytic activity of brain macrophages removes both therapeutic cells and/or cell-based drug carriers.To address these issues,neurogenesis was electrically stimulated in the subventricular zone,followed by isolation of proliferating cells,including newly formed neurons,which were subsequently mixed with a nutritional hydrogel.This mixture was then transferred to the stroke cavity of day 14 post-stroke mice.We found that the performance of the treated animals improved in behavioral tests,including novel object,open field,hole board,grooming,and“time-to-feel”adhesive tape tests.Furthermore,immunostaining revealed that the stem cell marker nestin,the neuroepithelial marker Mash1,and the immature neuronal marker doublecortin-positive cells survived in the transplanted area for 2 weeks,possibly due to reduced phagocytic activity and supportive angiogenesis.These results clearly indicate that the transplantation of committed subventricular zone stem cells combined with a protective nutritional gel directly into the infarct cavity after the peak of stroke-induced neuroinflammation represents a feasible approach to improve neurorestoration after cerebral ischemia.
文摘The retrospective study by Edwar et al reinforces the role of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty(PK)as a vital intervention in severe,treatment-resistant infectious keratitis.In advanced cases—often complicated by trauma,delayed presentation,and corneal perforation—PK restores globe integrity and provides limited visual recovery.However,its application is constrained by graft-related complications and donor shortages,particularly in low-resource settings.These limitations highlight the need for earlier,globe-sparing strategies to prevent progression and reduce surgical demand.Photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking(PACK-CXL)has emerged as a promising adjunct or alternative.With both antimicrobial and tissue-stabilizing effects,PACK-CXL may control infection and preserve corneal structure in earlier stages.A layered treatment framework that incorporates PACK-CXL as an initial intervention and reserves PK for refractory cases may help improve clinical outcomes.Further studies are needed to define their best use in practice.
基金Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,No.24K11935.
文摘This review comprehensively summarized the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in the management of esophageal cancer.It highlighted the significance of AI-assisted endoscopy in Japan where endoscopy is central to both screening and diagnosis.For the clinical adaptation of AI,several challenges remain for its effective translation.The establishment of high-quality clinical databases,such as the National Clinical Database and Japan Endoscopy Database in Japan,which covers almost all cases of esophageal cancer,is essential for validating multimodal AI models.This requires rigorous external validation using diverse datasets,including those from different endoscope manufacturers and image qualities.Furthermore,endoscopists’skills significantly affect diagnostic accuracy,suggesting that AI should serve as a supportive tool rather than a replacement.Addressing these challenges,along with country-specific legal and ethical considerations,will facilitate the successful integration of multimodal AI into the management of esophageal cancer,particularly in endoscopic diagnosis,and contribute to improved patient outcomes.Although this review focused on Japan as a case study,the challenges and solutions described are broadly applicable to other high-incidence regions.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers remain a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.Artificial intelligence(AI),particularly machine learning and deep learning(DL),has shown promise in enhancing cancer detection,diagnosis,and prognostication.A narrative review of literature published from January 2015 to march 2025 was conducted using PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus.Search terms included"gastrointestinal cancer","artificial intelligence","machine learning","deep learning","radiomics","multimodal detection"and"predictive modeling".Studies were included if they focused on clinically relevant AI applications in GI oncology.AI algorithms for GI cancer detection have achieved high performance across imaging modalities,with endoscopic DL systems reporting accuracies of 85%-97%for polyp detection and segmentation.Radiomics-based models have predicted molecular biomarkers such as programmed cell death ligand 2 expression with area under the curves up to 0.92.Large language models applied to radiology reports demonstrated diagnostic accuracy comparable to junior radiologists(78.9%vs 80.0%),though without incremental value when combined with human interpretation.Multimodal AI approaches integrating imaging,pathology,and clinical data show emerging potential for precision oncology.AI in GI oncology has reached clinically relevant accuracy levels in multiple diagnostic tasks,with multimodal approaches and predictive biomarker modeling offering new opportunities for personalized care.However,broader validation,integration into clinical workflows,and attention to ethical,legal,and social implications remain critical for widespread adoption.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371103)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2242023K40028)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials,China(No.AMM2023B01).financial support of the Research Fund of Shihezi Key Laboratory of AluminumBased Advanced Materials,China(No.2023PT02)financial support of Guangdong Province Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.2021B0301030005)。
文摘Oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)alloys are extensively used owing to high thermostability and creep strength contributed from uniformly dispersed fine oxides particles.However,the existence of these strengthening particles also deteriorates the processability and it is of great importance to establish accurate processing maps to guide the thermomechanical processes to enhance the formability.In this study,we performed particle swarm optimization-based back propagation artificial neural network model to predict the high temperature flow behavior of 0.25wt%Al2O3 particle-reinforced Cu alloys,and compared the accuracy with that of derived by Arrhenius-type constitutive model and back propagation artificial neural network model.To train these models,we obtained the raw data by fabricating ODS Cu alloys using the internal oxidation and reduction method,and conducting systematic hot compression tests between 400 and800℃with strain rates of 10^(-2)-10 S^(-1).At last,processing maps for ODS Cu alloys were proposed by combining processing parameters,mechanical behavior,microstructure characterization,and the modeling results achieved a coefficient of determination higher than>99%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373393),Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Tianchi Yingcai”Project(2023TCYCQNBS02)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Colleges and Universities Basic Research Operating Expenses Scientific Research Project(XJEDU2022P106).
文摘Shikonin,a naphthoquinone compound derived from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon,has been extensively studied for its antibacterial,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory properties.Increasing evidence highlights its potential in treating inflammation-related diseases.However,its clinical application is hindered by challenges such as poor water solubility,rapid metabolism in vivo,and other limitations.Recent advancements have demonstrated that encapsulating shikonin within nanocarriers can significantly enhance its water solubility and pharmacokinetic profile.Building on this,this perspective paper outlines the current landscape of inflammation treatment,explores the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of shikonin,reviews the latest progress in shikonin-based nanomaterials for anti-inflammatory applications,and discusses the challenges and future directions for the clinical translation of shikonin nanoformulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82404892(to QY),82061160374(to ZZ)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao Special Administrative Region,China,Nos.0023/2020/AFJ,0035/2020/AGJ+2 种基金the University of Macao Research Grant,Nos.MYRG2022-00248-ICMS,MYRG-CRG2022-00010-ICMS(to MPMH)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2024A1515012818(to ZZ)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.21623114(to ZZ).
文摘Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease is extremely challenging,as demonstrated by the repeated failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics and the controversies surrounding the amyloid-βcascade hypothesis.More recently,advances in the development of Lecanemab,an anti-amyloid-βmonoclonal antibody,have shown positive results in reducing brain A burden and slowing cognitive decline in patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease in the Phase Ⅲ clinical trial(Clarity Alzheimer’s disease).Despite these promising results,side effects such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities(ARIA)may limit its usage.ARIA can manifest as ARIA-E(cerebral edema or effusions)and ARIA-H(microhemorrhages or superficial siderosis)and is thought to be caused by increased vascular permeability due to inflammatory responses,leading to leakages of blood products and protein-rich fluid into brain parenchyma.Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease,and the blood-brain barrier becomes increasingly leaky as the disease progresses.In addition,APOE4,the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease,is associated with higher vascular amyloid burden,increased ARIA incidence,and accelerated blood-brain barrier disruptions.These interconnected vascular abnormalities highlight the importance of vascular contributions to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.Here,we will closely examine recent research evaluating the heterogeneity of brain endothelial cells in the microvasculature of different brain regions and their relationships with Alzheimer’s disease progression.
