Heat treatment is applied towood to improve various properties of thematerial.Thepresent study focuses on the colour changes of wood veneer samples due to heat treatment.Native wood species fromJapan and Europe,such a...Heat treatment is applied towood to improve various properties of thematerial.Thepresent study focuses on the colour changes of wood veneer samples due to heat treatment.Native wood species fromJapan and Europe,such as Japanese oak(Quercus mongolica var.crispula),field maple(Acer campestre)and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris)were used in the experiments.A laboratory-type oven was used to apply the heat at a temperature of 190○C,in the presence of oxygen,for different periods,gradually increasing from 5 to 40 min.The CIELab system(a colour space defined by the International Commission on Illumination)and Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIR)were employed to evaluate the colour modifications on the samples.As expected,the heat treatment affected the colour of the samples.The lightness index decreased across the three wood species during the treatment.The chroma coordinates changed for pine and maple,while little change occurred in Japanese oak.The overall total colour differences reached their maximum at the final 40-min interval for all wood types.Based on the NIR evaluation,it was found that drastic thermal denaturation of cellulose was unlikely to occur,and the changes in the intermolecular interaction of water affected the colour of the specimens.The data and information of this study could be useful for industrial applications where the veneer of such species is desired.Such heat-treated veneers can be considered as value-added products in furniture manufacturing as well as restoration of furniture units where such veneer is used as an overlay.展开更多
In this talk a review is given of currently carricd out studies on laser-induced desorption from surfaces of compound semiconductors.The reviewincludes only the non-thermal processes.which can be detected by eitherirr...In this talk a review is given of currently carricd out studies on laser-induced desorption from surfaces of compound semiconductors.The reviewincludes only the non-thermal processes.which can be detected by eitherirradiation with laser of subgap photon energies or with extremely low-intensity pulsed lasers.It is emphasized also that laser induced non-thermaldesorption is a powerful technique for surface characterization and surfacecleaning.展开更多
The evolution from passive nanoscale observation to active robotic manipulation represents a paradigm shift in humanity's quest tomaster matter at the atomic scale. This review systematically traces the historical...The evolution from passive nanoscale observation to active robotic manipulation represents a paradigm shift in humanity's quest tomaster matter at the atomic scale. This review systematically traces the historical and conceptual foundations of nanomanipulation,beginning with ancient atomic theory and culminating in Feynman's vision of deterministic atomic control.Nanomanipulation technologies can be categorized into three dimensions: observation (imaging and tracking), construction(assembly and fabrication), and operation (automation and control). This review critically examines transformative technologies—from optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to autonomous nanorobots in scanning electron microscopy (SEM)—highlighting their pivotal roles in overcoming diffraction limits, thermal noise, and quantum stochasticity. Innovations such asmachine learning-enhanced control, stochastic model predictive control, and biohybrid nanorobots underscore the transition fromscripted tasks to adaptive autonomy. However, persistent challenges—including the observer–constructor paradox, environmentalstochasticity, and scalability—necessitate interdisciplinary convergence of quantum metrology, neuromorphic computing, andethical frameworks. By bridging theoretical insights with practical applications, this review charts a roadmap for nanoroboticsystems to transcend laboratory confines, enabling breakthroughs in nanomedicine, quantum devices, and atomic-scalemanufacturing. The synthesis of embodied intelligence, distributed sensing, and edge quantum computing heralds a futurewhere nanomanipulation redefines the boundaries of science, engineering, and philosophy.展开更多
Background:In 2017,large-scale flowering,seeding,and dying events of dwarf bamboo(Sasa borealis)occurred in a wide range in central Japan for the first time in 120 years.This phenomenon of S.borealis,like the mast see...Background:In 2017,large-scale flowering,seeding,and dying events of dwarf bamboo(Sasa borealis)occurred in a wide range in central Japan for the first time in 120 years.This phenomenon of S.borealis,like the mast seeding of trees,could be expected to provide a large amount of food for seed-eating rodents and gradually affect their ecology and population dynamics.We captured rodents in survey plots in a secondary broad-leaved forest with the phenomenon from 2018 to 2019 to investigate the species,the number of individuals,growing stage,sex,and body mass.In addition,we also compared the capture data for 2 years(2018–2019)with that for the mast seeding year(2017)and 6 years before it(2011–2016).Results:The mast seeding of S.borealis greatly increased the population size of rodents,especially Apodemus speciosus and A.argenteus.Conversely,Eothenomys smithii did not show such an increase.Most of the captured rodent individuals were already adults at the time of new capture,and the proportion of male juveniles was extremely low.These results suggest that the mast seeding of S.borealis created unusually rich food availability for the population concentration of rodents due to their immigration.However,body mass was not significantly different before and after the mast seeding.In addition,the increased populations of the two Apodemus species did not decline 2 years after the S.borealis masting,contrary to the previously reported decrease of rodent populations after tree masting.Conclusions:Our results indicate that the mast seeding of S.borealis affected the population dynamics of Apodemus species over a long time and their individual composition of different growth stages.However,it did not affect their body mass.展开更多
We discuss the Atiyah-Drinfeld-Hitchin-Manin （ADHM） construc- tion of U（N） instantons in noncommutative （NC） space and give some exact instanton solutions for various noncommutative settings. We also present a n...We discuss the Atiyah-Drinfeld-Hitchin-Manin （ADHM） construc- tion of U（N） instantons in noncommutative （NC） space and give some exact instanton solutions for various noncommutative settings. We also present a new formula which is crucial to show an origin of the instanton number for U（1） and to prove the one-to-one correspondence between moduli spaces of the noncommutative instantons and the ADHM data.展开更多
District heating systems using cogeneration technology and renewable resources are considered as an effective approach to resources conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions. However, wide- spread...District heating systems using cogeneration technology and renewable resources are considered as an effective approach to resources conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions. However, wide- spread aging and depopulation problems, as well as the popularization of energy-saving technologies in buildings, are estimated to greatly decrease energy consumption, leading to inefficiency in district heating and barriers to technology proliferation. From a long-term perspective, land use changes, especially the progression of compact city plans, have the potential to offset the decrement in energy consumption that maintains the efficiency of district heating systems. An integrated model is developed in this paper based on building cohort analysis to evaluate the economic feasibility and environmental impact of introdu- cing district heating systems to a long-term compact city plan. As applied to a case in the Soma Region of Fukushima, Japan, potential migration from the suburbs to the central station districts is simulated, where district heating based on gas-fired cogeneration is expected to be introduced. The results indicate that guided migration to produce concentrated centers of population can substan- tially increase the heat demand density, which supports a wider application of district heating systems and better low-carbon performance. These results are further dis- cussed in relation to technology innovation and related policies. It is concluded that policies related to urban land use planning and energy management should be integrated and quantitatively evaluated over the long-term with the aim of supporting urban low-carbon sustainable develop- ment.展开更多
文摘Heat treatment is applied towood to improve various properties of thematerial.Thepresent study focuses on the colour changes of wood veneer samples due to heat treatment.Native wood species fromJapan and Europe,such as Japanese oak(Quercus mongolica var.crispula),field maple(Acer campestre)and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris)were used in the experiments.A laboratory-type oven was used to apply the heat at a temperature of 190○C,in the presence of oxygen,for different periods,gradually increasing from 5 to 40 min.The CIELab system(a colour space defined by the International Commission on Illumination)and Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIR)were employed to evaluate the colour modifications on the samples.As expected,the heat treatment affected the colour of the samples.The lightness index decreased across the three wood species during the treatment.The chroma coordinates changed for pine and maple,while little change occurred in Japanese oak.The overall total colour differences reached their maximum at the final 40-min interval for all wood types.Based on the NIR evaluation,it was found that drastic thermal denaturation of cellulose was unlikely to occur,and the changes in the intermolecular interaction of water affected the colour of the specimens.The data and information of this study could be useful for industrial applications where the veneer of such species is desired.Such heat-treated veneers can be considered as value-added products in furniture manufacturing as well as restoration of furniture units where such veneer is used as an overlay.
文摘In this talk a review is given of currently carricd out studies on laser-induced desorption from surfaces of compound semiconductors.The reviewincludes only the non-thermal processes.which can be detected by eitherirradiation with laser of subgap photon energies or with extremely low-intensity pulsed lasers.It is emphasized also that laser induced non-thermaldesorption is a powerful technique for surface characterization and surfacecleaning.
基金funding support from the Funds for the National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFF0721400)National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62127810.The anonymous reviewers'constructive comments on our initial draft were invaluable in shaping this final version.
文摘The evolution from passive nanoscale observation to active robotic manipulation represents a paradigm shift in humanity's quest tomaster matter at the atomic scale. This review systematically traces the historical and conceptual foundations of nanomanipulation,beginning with ancient atomic theory and culminating in Feynman's vision of deterministic atomic control.Nanomanipulation technologies can be categorized into three dimensions: observation (imaging and tracking), construction(assembly and fabrication), and operation (automation and control). This review critically examines transformative technologies—from optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to autonomous nanorobots in scanning electron microscopy (SEM)—highlighting their pivotal roles in overcoming diffraction limits, thermal noise, and quantum stochasticity. Innovations such asmachine learning-enhanced control, stochastic model predictive control, and biohybrid nanorobots underscore the transition fromscripted tasks to adaptive autonomy. However, persistent challenges—including the observer–constructor paradox, environmentalstochasticity, and scalability—necessitate interdisciplinary convergence of quantum metrology, neuromorphic computing, andethical frameworks. By bridging theoretical insights with practical applications, this review charts a roadmap for nanoroboticsystems to transcend laboratory confines, enabling breakthroughs in nanomedicine, quantum devices, and atomic-scalemanufacturing. The synthesis of embodied intelligence, distributed sensing, and edge quantum computing heralds a futurewhere nanomanipulation redefines the boundaries of science, engineering, and philosophy.
基金supported by“Nagoya University Interdisciplinary Frontier Fellowship”supported by JST and Nagoya University。
文摘Background:In 2017,large-scale flowering,seeding,and dying events of dwarf bamboo(Sasa borealis)occurred in a wide range in central Japan for the first time in 120 years.This phenomenon of S.borealis,like the mast seeding of trees,could be expected to provide a large amount of food for seed-eating rodents and gradually affect their ecology and population dynamics.We captured rodents in survey plots in a secondary broad-leaved forest with the phenomenon from 2018 to 2019 to investigate the species,the number of individuals,growing stage,sex,and body mass.In addition,we also compared the capture data for 2 years(2018–2019)with that for the mast seeding year(2017)and 6 years before it(2011–2016).Results:The mast seeding of S.borealis greatly increased the population size of rodents,especially Apodemus speciosus and A.argenteus.Conversely,Eothenomys smithii did not show such an increase.Most of the captured rodent individuals were already adults at the time of new capture,and the proportion of male juveniles was extremely low.These results suggest that the mast seeding of S.borealis created unusually rich food availability for the population concentration of rodents due to their immigration.However,body mass was not significantly different before and after the mast seeding.In addition,the increased populations of the two Apodemus species did not decline 2 years after the S.borealis masting,contrary to the previously reported decrease of rodent populations after tree masting.Conclusions:Our results indicate that the mast seeding of S.borealis affected the population dynamics of Apodemus species over a long time and their individual composition of different growth stages.However,it did not affect their body mass.
文摘We discuss the Atiyah-Drinfeld-Hitchin-Manin （ADHM） construc- tion of U（N） instantons in noncommutative （NC） space and give some exact instanton solutions for various noncommutative settings. We also present a new formula which is crucial to show an origin of the instanton number for U（1） and to prove the one-to-one correspondence between moduli spaces of the noncommutative instantons and the ADHM data.
文摘District heating systems using cogeneration technology and renewable resources are considered as an effective approach to resources conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions. However, wide- spread aging and depopulation problems, as well as the popularization of energy-saving technologies in buildings, are estimated to greatly decrease energy consumption, leading to inefficiency in district heating and barriers to technology proliferation. From a long-term perspective, land use changes, especially the progression of compact city plans, have the potential to offset the decrement in energy consumption that maintains the efficiency of district heating systems. An integrated model is developed in this paper based on building cohort analysis to evaluate the economic feasibility and environmental impact of introdu- cing district heating systems to a long-term compact city plan. As applied to a case in the Soma Region of Fukushima, Japan, potential migration from the suburbs to the central station districts is simulated, where district heating based on gas-fired cogeneration is expected to be introduced. The results indicate that guided migration to produce concentrated centers of population can substan- tially increase the heat demand density, which supports a wider application of district heating systems and better low-carbon performance. These results are further dis- cussed in relation to technology innovation and related policies. It is concluded that policies related to urban land use planning and energy management should be integrated and quantitatively evaluated over the long-term with the aim of supporting urban low-carbon sustainable develop- ment.
