Owing to their exceptional properties,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)and high-entropy materials have emerged as promising research areas and shown diverse applications.Here,the recent advances in the field are comprehensive...Owing to their exceptional properties,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)and high-entropy materials have emerged as promising research areas and shown diverse applications.Here,the recent advances in the field are comprehensively reviewed,organized into five sections.The first section introduces the background of HEAs,covering their definition,significance,application prospects,basic properties,design principles,and microstructure.The subsequent section focuses on cutting-edge high-entropy structural materials,highlighting developments such as nanostructured alloys,grain boundary engineering,eutectic systems,cryogenic alloys,thin films,micro-nano-lattice structures,additive manufacturing,high entropy metallic glasses,nano-precipitate strengthened alloys,composition modulation,alloy fibers,and refractory systems.In the following section,the emphasis shifts to functional materials,exploring HEAs as catalysts,magneto-caloric materials,corrosion-resistant alloys,radiation-resistant alloys,hydrogen storage systems,and materials for biomedicine.Additionally,the review encompasses functional high-entropy materials outside the realm of alloys,including thermoelectric,quantum dots,nanooxide catalysts,energy storage materials,negative thermal expansion ceramics,and high-entropy wave absorption materials.The paper concludes with an outlook,discussing future directions and potential growth areas in the field.Through this comprehensive review,researchers,engineers,and scientists may gain valuable insights into the recent progress and opportunities for further exploration in the exciting domains of high-entropy alloys and functional materials.展开更多
The massive distribution of microplastics(MPs)and even nanoplastics(NPs),which resulted from the wide utilization and mismanagement of plastics,exerted serious risk and threat to ecosystem and human health due to thei...The massive distribution of microplastics(MPs)and even nanoplastics(NPs),which resulted from the wide utilization and mismanagement of plastics,exerted serious risk and threat to ecosystem and human health due to their physical damages and chemical toxicity.展开更多
Nonlinear optical/birefringent crystals as important optical functional materials have been widely applied in optical communication,laser information processing,and laser polarization technology.In recent decades,hydr...Nonlinear optical/birefringent crystals as important optical functional materials have been widely applied in optical communication,laser information processing,and laser polarization technology.In recent decades,hydroxyborates,fluorooxoborates and hydroxyfluorooxoborates have attracted significant interest as key branches of the borate family because of their outstanding(deep-)ultraviolet nonlinear optics or other optical functional performances.Negatively charged terminal groups OH^(-)and F^(-)can regulate the structure and the material characteristics.OH^(-)and F^(-)have the same valence and both appear in the terminal position of the anionic framework,which can be substituted by each other theoretically.However,it is found that the introduction of OH^(-)and F^(-)is apparently different in structure and properties.In this mini-review,a variety of theoretical and experimental characterization methods to identify OH^(-)and F^(-)was discussed.The different role of OH^(-)and F^(-)in involved systems'microstructures and macro-properties including nonlinear optics was comprehensively analyzed.We aim to provide guidance for designing and synthesizing novel materials with balanced properties used in deep-ultraviolet applications.展开更多
High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailo...High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.展开更多
Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)via the strategy of spectral conversion garners significant attention in recent years.However,developing a spectral conversion layer with excellent...Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)via the strategy of spectral conversion garners significant attention in recent years.However,developing a spectral conversion layer with excellent stability and low series resistance remains challenging.Here,we propose a spectral conversion material termed perylenetetracarboxylic diimide functionalized CsPbCl_(3):Mn^(2+)quantum dots(CMI),which is incorporated at the SnO_(2)/perovskite interface as a down-conversion layer.This innovation effectively resolves the trade-off between spectral conversion efficiency and electrical performance of the spectral conversion layer.CMI converts ultraviolet light into visible light that is more readily absorbed by the perovskite,thus enhancing the light utilization and reducing the ultraviolet-induced degradation of perovskites.The rough and hydrophobic surface of CMI can modulate nucleation site arrangement and enhance grain boundary mobility,resulting in perovskite films with larger and denser grains.Furthermore,the C=O groups in CMI simultaneously passivate the oxygen vacancies in SnO_(2)and the Pb^(2+)dangling bonds at the buried interface of the perovskite,reducing recombination losses and facilitating charge carrier transfer and extraction,and further enhancing power conversion efficiency(PCE).Consequently,the PSCs incorporating CMI as a down-conversion layer achieve an improved PCE,which rises from 21.26%to 23.61%,along with enhanced stability.展开更多
Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynam...Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.展开更多
Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation...Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation,continue to limit performance and stability.Molecular and ionic dipole interactions have emerged as an effective strategy to address these issues by regulating ionic transport,modulating solvation structures,optimizing interfacial chemistry,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics.These interactions also stabilize electrode interfaces,suppress side reactions,and mitigate anode corrosion,collectively improving the durability of high-energy batteries.A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential to guide the design of next-generation battery materials.Herein,this review summarizes the development,classification,and advantages of dipole interactions in high-energy batteries.The roles of dipoles,including facilitating ion transport,controlling solvation dynamics,stabilizing the electric double layer,optimizing solid electrolyte interphase and cathode–electrolyte interface layers,and inhibiting parasitic reactions—are comprehensively discussed.Finally,perspectives on future research directions are proposed to advance dipole-enabled strategies for high-performance energy storage.This review aims to provide insights into the rational design of dipole-interactive systems and promote the progress of electrochemical energy storage technologies.展开更多
Issues like morphology control and further multifunctional applications are of significant importance for rare earth nano-oxides,e.g.,cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))nanostructures,however,relevant results in this respect are ...Issues like morphology control and further multifunctional applications are of significant importance for rare earth nano-oxides,e.g.,cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))nanostructures,however,relevant results in this respect are rather limited up to now.In the present work,ultrathin CeO_(2)nanosheets were synthesized through a facile lowtemperature hydrothermal method.The structure,morphology and specific surface area of these CeO_(2)nanosheets were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)and N2 adsorption-desorption.Significantly,CeO_(2)nanosheets have the potential as bifunctional sensing materials to detect both humidity and formaldehyde vapor.The CeO_(2)nanosheet humidity sensor exhibited excellent sensing characteristics in the relative humidity range of 11%-97%with the response value as high as 3.1×10^(4).Meanwhile,the CeO_(2)nanosheet gas sensor showed superior sensitivity and repeatability with fast response/recovery speed toward formaldehyde vapor at 300℃.Finally,the humidity and formaldehyde sensing mechanism were discussed as well.展开更多
Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs)have attracted much attention as the next-generation energy conversion and storage devices due to the abundance and environmental friendliness of zinc(Zn)for anode materials,as wel...Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs)have attracted much attention as the next-generation energy conversion and storage devices due to the abundance and environmental friendliness of zinc(Zn)for anode materials,as well as the safety and low cost of aqueous electrolytes.However,rational design of nonprecious and low-cost integrated air cathode materials with a desirable bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic performance remains a great challenge for the commercialization of rechargeable ZABs.In previous research studies,various cost-effective carbon-supported electrocatalysts and light-weight carbon-based current collectors for air cathodes have been developed,showing vast potential in the application of carbon-based materials.To improve the bifunctional performance and integration of air cathodes,efforts with respect to the design of morphology,defects,and synergistic effects of carbon-based materials have been made.In this perspective,the general understanding of the air cathode construction and the battery working mechanism is discussed.The recent progress in the design of carbon-based materials for air cathodes in rechargeable ZABs is summarized.Several possible future research directions and the expected development trends are also discussed,aiming to facilitate the commercialization of advanced rechargeable ZABs in our life.展开更多
Overview Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectromagnetic Functional Materials was established in 2014 and is located at the University Town of Shenzhen.The laboratory provides leading materials,technological pr...Overview Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectromagnetic Functional Materials was established in 2014 and is located at the University Town of Shenzhen.The laboratory provides leading materials,technological process and equipment supports in organic electronics research,including the synthesis of functional organic small molecules and polymers,design and fabrication of organic electronic devices,and the application demonstration of organic electronics.展开更多
Supramolecular chemistry during the synthesis of carbon-nitrogen-based materials has recently experienced a renaissance in the arena of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.In this review,we start with the discussion o...Supramolecular chemistry during the synthesis of carbon-nitrogen-based materials has recently experienced a renaissance in the arena of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.In this review,we start with the discussion of supramolecular assemblies-derived carbon-nitrogen-based materials’regulation from the aspect of morphology,chemical composition,and micro/nanostructural control.Afterwards the recent advances of these materials in energy and environment related applications,including degradation of pollutants,water splitting,oxygen reduction reactions,CO_(2) reduction reactions along with organic synthesis are summarized.The correlations between the structural features and physicochemical properties of the carbonnitrogen-based materials and the specific catalytic activity are discussed in depth.By highlighting the opportunities and challenges of supramolecular assembly strategies,we attempt an outlook on possible future developments for highly efficient carbon-based photo/electrocatalysts.展开更多
The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is primarily constrained by issues such as corrosion,zinc dendrite formation,and the hydrogen evolution reaction occurring at the zinc metal anode.To overc...The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is primarily constrained by issues such as corrosion,zinc dendrite formation,and the hydrogen evolution reaction occurring at the zinc metal anode.To overcome these challenges,strategies for optimizing the electrolyte are crucial for enhancing the stability of the zinc anode.Inspired by the role of hemoglobin in blood cells,which facilitates oxygen transport during human respiration,an innovative inorganic colloidal electrolyte has been developed:calcium silicate-ZnSO_(4)(denoted as CS-ZSO).This electrolyte operates in weak acidic environment and releases calcium ions,which participate in homotopic substitution with zinc ions,while the solvation environment of hydrated zinc ions in the electrolyte is regulated.The reduced energy barrier for the transfer of zinc ions and the energy barrier for the desolvation of hydrated ions imply faster ion transfer kinetics and accelerated desolvation processes,thus favoring the mass transfer process.Furthermore,the silicate colloidal particles act as lubricants,improving the transfer of zinc ions.Together,these factors contribute to the more uniform concentration of zinc ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface,effectively inhibiting zinc dendrite formation and reducing by-product accumulation.The Zn//CS-ZSO//Zn symmetric cell demonstrates stable operation for over 5000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2),representing 29-fold improvement compared to the Zn//ZSO//Zn symmetric cell,which lasts only 170 h.Additionally,the Zn//CS-ZSO//Cu asymmetric cell shows stable average Coulombic efficiency(CE)exceeding 99.6%over2400 cycles,significantly surpassing the performance of the ZSO electrolyte.This modification strategy for electrolytes not only addresses key limitations associated with zinc anodes but also provides valuable insights into stabilizing anodes for the advancement of high-performance aqueous zinc-ion energy storage systems.展开更多
The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-...The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-heterostructured nanoporous CoFe/CoFe_(2)O_(4) and CeO_(2−x),in situ grown on nickel foam(NF),holds great promise as a high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst(named R-CoFe/Ce/NF)for water splitting.Experimental characterization verifies surface reconstruction from CoFe alloy/oxide to highly active CoFeOOH during in situ electrochemical polarization.By virtues of three-dimensional nanoporous architecture and abundant electroactive CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterostructure interfaces,the R-CoFe/Ce/NF electrode achieves low overpotentials for oxygen evolution(η_(10)=227 mV;η_(500)=450 mV)and hydrogen evolution(η_(10)=35 mV;η_(408)=560 mV)reactions with high normalized electrochemical active surface areas,respectively.Additionally,the alkaline full water splitting electrolyzer of R-CoFe/Ce/NF||R-CoFe/Ce/NF achieves a current density of 50 mA·cm^(−2) only at 1.75 V;the decline of activity is satisfactory after 100-h durability test at 300 mA·cm^(−2).Density functional theory also demonstrates that the electron can transfer from CeO_(2−x) by virtue of O atom to CoFeOOH at CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterointerfaces and enhancing the adsorption of reactant,thus optimizing electronic structure and Gibbs free energies for the improvement of the activity for water splitting.展开更多
High-performance graphite materials have important roles in aerospace and nuclear reactor technologies because of their outstanding chemical stability and high-temperature performance.Their traditional production meth...High-performance graphite materials have important roles in aerospace and nuclear reactor technologies because of their outstanding chemical stability and high-temperature performance.Their traditional production method relies on repeated impregnation-carbonization and graphitization,and is plagued by lengthy preparation cycles and high energy consumption.Phase transition-assisted self-pressurized selfsintering technology can rapidly produce high-strength graphite materials,but the fracture strain of the graphite materials produced is poor.To solve this problem,this study used a two-step sintering method to uniformly introduce micro-nano pores into natural graphite-based bulk graphite,achieving improved fracture strain of the samples without reducing their density and mechanical properties.Using natural graphite powder,micron-diamond,and nano-diamond as raw materials,and by precisely controlling the staged pressure release process,the degree of diamond phase transition expansion was effectively regulated.The strain-to-failure of the graphite samples reached 1.2%,a 35%increase compared to samples produced by fullpressure sintering.Meanwhile,their flexural strength exceeded 110 MPa,and their density was over 1.9 g/cm^(3).The process therefore produced both a high strength and a high fracture strain.The interface evolution and toughening mechanism during the two-step sintering process were investigated.It is believed that the micro-nano pores formed have two roles:as stress concentrators they induce yielding by shear and as multi-crack propagation paths they significantly lengthen the crack propagation path.The two-step sintering phase transition strategy introduces pores and provides a new approach for increasing the fracture strain of brittle materials.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)graphene monoliths are a new carbon material,that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage.They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)graphene sheets,inclu...Three-dimensional(3D)graphene monoliths are a new carbon material,that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage.They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)graphene sheets,including interlayer restacking,high contact resistance,and insufficient pore accessibility.By constructing interconnected porous networks,3D graphenes not only retain the intrinsic advantages of 2D graphene sheets,such as high specific surface area,excellent electrical and thermal conductivities,good mechanical properties,and outstanding chemical stability,but also enable efficient mass transport of external fluid species.We summarize the fabrication methods for 3D graphenes,with a particular focus on their applications in energy-related systems.Techniques including chemical reduction assembly,chemical vapor deposition,3D printing,chemical blowing,and zinc-tiered pyrolysis have been developed to change their pore structure and elemental composition,and ways in which they can be integrated with functional components.In terms of energy conversion and storage,they have found broad use in buffering mechanical impacts,suppressing noise,photothermal conversion,electromagnetic shielding and absorption.They have also been used in electrochemical energy systems such as supercapacitors,secondary batteries,and electrocatalysis.By reviewing recent progress in structural design and new applications,we also discuss the problems these materials face,including scalable fabrication and precise pore structure control,and possible new applications.展开更多
The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as we...The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as well as the dissolution and shuttling of polyiodide.In this study,we report a preparation method for melamine carbon sponge(MC)via carbonizing a commercially available kitchen sponge.It was revealed that the as-prepared MC,composed of unique self-growing carbon nanotubes,could provide both physical and chemical adsorption capabilities for intermediate polyiodides to improve the electrochemical performance of NaI.Consequently,the NaI/MC electrode effectively minimized polyiodide dissolution and reduced the electrochemical impedance.The NaI/MC cathode demonstrated a high average discharge capacity of 92.75 mAh·g^(–1)over 200 cycles while maintaining a coulombic efficiency of 94%.The research findings from our study have promising applications in Na-I batteries.展开更多
The discovery and synthesis of colloidal quantum dots(QDs)were awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.QDs,as a novel class of materials distinct from traditional molecular materials and bulk materials,have rapidly ...The discovery and synthesis of colloidal quantum dots(QDs)were awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.QDs,as a novel class of materials distinct from traditional molecular materials and bulk materials,have rapidly emerged in the field of optoelectronic applications due to their unique size-,composition-,surface-,and process-dependent optoelectronic properties.More importantly,their ultra-high specific surface area allows for the application of various surface chemical engineering techniques to regulate and optimize their optoelectronic performance.Furthermore,three-dimensionally confined QDs can achieve nearly perfect photoluminescence quantum yields and extended hot carrier cooling times.Particularly,their ability to be colloidally synthesized and processed using industrially friendly solvents is driving transformative changes in the fields of electronics,photonics,and optoelectronics.展开更多
Mesoporous framework supported metal nanoparticle catalyst represents a promising material platform for creating multiple active sites that drive tandem reactions. In this study, we demonstrate a novel catalyst design...Mesoporous framework supported metal nanoparticle catalyst represents a promising material platform for creating multiple active sites that drive tandem reactions. In this study, we demonstrate a novel catalyst design that involves the encapsulation of CuNi alloy nanoparticles within mesoporous silicon carbide nanofibers (mSiC_(f)) to achieve efficient tandem conversion of furfural (FFA) into 2-(isopropoxymethyl)furan (IPF). The unique one-dimensional (1D) mesoporous structure of mSiC_(f), coupled with abundant oxygen-containing groups, offers a favorable surface microenvironment for the stabilization of bimetallic CuNi active sites. Through carefully optimizing metal to acid sites, we have developed a catalyst containing a total mass ratio of 20 % Cu and Ni, which exhibits a remarkable performance with complete FFA conversion and 92 % IPF selectivity in 4 h. In-depth mechanistic investigations have revealed that the superior activity of this catalyst is attributed to a tandem reaction mechanism. Initially, FFA is hydrogenated at the dual metal active sites to produce furfuryl alcohol (FOL) as an intermediate, which is subsequently etherified at the acid sites with suitable species and strengths on the mSiC_(f) supports. Additionally, the robust 1D mSiC_(f) framework effectively protects the metal sites from agglomeration, resulting in excellent reusability of the catalyst. This study underscores the potential of mesoporous silicon carbide-supported bimetallic active sites for achieving enhanced tandem catalytic functionality.展开更多
High-entropy materials(HEMs)show exceptional mechanical properties,highly adjustable chemical characteristics,and outstanding stability,making them suitable for energy storage.However,the broad compositional space and...High-entropy materials(HEMs)show exceptional mechanical properties,highly adjustable chemical characteristics,and outstanding stability,making them suitable for energy storage.However,the broad compositional space and intricate chemical interactions in HEMs present challenges to traditional trial-and-error research methods,restricting their efficacy in swift screening and synthesis.Hence,the application of machine learning(ML)to the realm of high-entropy materials and energy storage becomes imperative.ML demonstrates its formidable capabilities for navigating the complexity of HEMs,with their diverse metal components,structures and property combinations,to advance energy storage applications.This review comprises the following sections:a concise introduction to the general process of ML in the energy materials field,a summary of HEMs in the energy storage field,a review of the latest achievements of ML in the HEMs and energy storage field,and finally,an exploration of current challenges and prospects in this interdisciplinary arena.With the advent of ML,the precision of its predictions and the efficiency of its screening methods have offered novel perspectives for material research,expediting the discovery and application of new materials.This article contributes to the advancement of research in related fields,hastening the development of novel materials to meet the escalating energy demands and promote sustainable development goals.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3802800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52222104,12261160364,51871120,51520105001,22275089,52071157,52231005,52201174,52171165,52261033,52371155,51801128,52171219,U20A20278,52371106,22071221,52122408,52201190,22075014,52272040,62222405,22125602,and 52301052)+11 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20200019,BK20220858 and BK20231458)support by the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(No.2022SLABFN19)support by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No2024B1515020010)support by Shanxi Province Youth Innovation Team Project(No.22JP042)support by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.52325102)support by the Large Scientific Facility Open Subject of Songshan Lake,Dongguan,Guangdongsupport by the research institute for Advanced Manufacturing Fund(No.P0046108)support by the Hong Kong RGC general research fund(No.11200623)and CRF project C7074-23Gfinancial support from the Australian Research CouncilHBIS-UQ Innovation Centre for Sustainable Steel projectthe QUT Capacity Building Professor Programsupport by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30923010211)。
文摘Owing to their exceptional properties,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)and high-entropy materials have emerged as promising research areas and shown diverse applications.Here,the recent advances in the field are comprehensively reviewed,organized into five sections.The first section introduces the background of HEAs,covering their definition,significance,application prospects,basic properties,design principles,and microstructure.The subsequent section focuses on cutting-edge high-entropy structural materials,highlighting developments such as nanostructured alloys,grain boundary engineering,eutectic systems,cryogenic alloys,thin films,micro-nano-lattice structures,additive manufacturing,high entropy metallic glasses,nano-precipitate strengthened alloys,composition modulation,alloy fibers,and refractory systems.In the following section,the emphasis shifts to functional materials,exploring HEAs as catalysts,magneto-caloric materials,corrosion-resistant alloys,radiation-resistant alloys,hydrogen storage systems,and materials for biomedicine.Additionally,the review encompasses functional high-entropy materials outside the realm of alloys,including thermoelectric,quantum dots,nanooxide catalysts,energy storage materials,negative thermal expansion ceramics,and high-entropy wave absorption materials.The paper concludes with an outlook,discussing future directions and potential growth areas in the field.Through this comprehensive review,researchers,engineers,and scientists may gain valuable insights into the recent progress and opportunities for further exploration in the exciting domains of high-entropy alloys and functional materials.
文摘The massive distribution of microplastics(MPs)and even nanoplastics(NPs),which resulted from the wide utilization and mismanagement of plastics,exerted serious risk and threat to ecosystem and human health due to their physical damages and chemical toxicity.
基金supported by the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-024)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3601502)+4 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-SLH035)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22193044,22361132544)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0880000)the Tianshan Basic Research Talents(2022TSYCJU0001)the Xinjiang Major Science and Technology Project(2021A01001)。
文摘Nonlinear optical/birefringent crystals as important optical functional materials have been widely applied in optical communication,laser information processing,and laser polarization technology.In recent decades,hydroxyborates,fluorooxoborates and hydroxyfluorooxoborates have attracted significant interest as key branches of the borate family because of their outstanding(deep-)ultraviolet nonlinear optics or other optical functional performances.Negatively charged terminal groups OH^(-)and F^(-)can regulate the structure and the material characteristics.OH^(-)and F^(-)have the same valence and both appear in the terminal position of the anionic framework,which can be substituted by each other theoretically.However,it is found that the introduction of OH^(-)and F^(-)is apparently different in structure and properties.In this mini-review,a variety of theoretical and experimental characterization methods to identify OH^(-)and F^(-)was discussed.The different role of OH^(-)and F^(-)in involved systems'microstructures and macro-properties including nonlinear optics was comprehensively analyzed.We aim to provide guidance for designing and synthesizing novel materials with balanced properties used in deep-ultraviolet applications.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project(2022A1515140061,No.11000-2344014)Startup Foundation for Postdoctor by Dongguan University of Technology(No.11000-221110149)the High-level Talents Program(contract number 2023JC10L014)of the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province。
文摘High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62275101 and 22075101)the Program for the Development of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(No.YDZJ202201ZYTS300).
文摘Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)via the strategy of spectral conversion garners significant attention in recent years.However,developing a spectral conversion layer with excellent stability and low series resistance remains challenging.Here,we propose a spectral conversion material termed perylenetetracarboxylic diimide functionalized CsPbCl_(3):Mn^(2+)quantum dots(CMI),which is incorporated at the SnO_(2)/perovskite interface as a down-conversion layer.This innovation effectively resolves the trade-off between spectral conversion efficiency and electrical performance of the spectral conversion layer.CMI converts ultraviolet light into visible light that is more readily absorbed by the perovskite,thus enhancing the light utilization and reducing the ultraviolet-induced degradation of perovskites.The rough and hydrophobic surface of CMI can modulate nucleation site arrangement and enhance grain boundary mobility,resulting in perovskite films with larger and denser grains.Furthermore,the C=O groups in CMI simultaneously passivate the oxygen vacancies in SnO_(2)and the Pb^(2+)dangling bonds at the buried interface of the perovskite,reducing recombination losses and facilitating charge carrier transfer and extraction,and further enhancing power conversion efficiency(PCE).Consequently,the PSCs incorporating CMI as a down-conversion layer achieve an improved PCE,which rises from 21.26%to 23.61%,along with enhanced stability.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52293472,22473096 and 22471164)。
文摘Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.
基金supported by the introduction of Talent Research Fund in Nanjing Institute of Technology(YKJ202204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52401282 and 52300206)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230701 and BK20230705).
文摘Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation,continue to limit performance and stability.Molecular and ionic dipole interactions have emerged as an effective strategy to address these issues by regulating ionic transport,modulating solvation structures,optimizing interfacial chemistry,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics.These interactions also stabilize electrode interfaces,suppress side reactions,and mitigate anode corrosion,collectively improving the durability of high-energy batteries.A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential to guide the design of next-generation battery materials.Herein,this review summarizes the development,classification,and advantages of dipole interactions in high-energy batteries.The roles of dipoles,including facilitating ion transport,controlling solvation dynamics,stabilizing the electric double layer,optimizing solid electrolyte interphase and cathode–electrolyte interface layers,and inhibiting parasitic reactions—are comprehensively discussed.Finally,perspectives on future research directions are proposed to advance dipole-enabled strategies for high-performance energy storage.This review aims to provide insights into the rational design of dipole-interactive systems and promote the progress of electrochemical energy storage technologies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21601094 and 21401139)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(Nos.15JCQNJC02900 and 18JCQNJC73900)Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(No.2018KJ130)。
文摘Issues like morphology control and further multifunctional applications are of significant importance for rare earth nano-oxides,e.g.,cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))nanostructures,however,relevant results in this respect are rather limited up to now.In the present work,ultrathin CeO_(2)nanosheets were synthesized through a facile lowtemperature hydrothermal method.The structure,morphology and specific surface area of these CeO_(2)nanosheets were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)and N2 adsorption-desorption.Significantly,CeO_(2)nanosheets have the potential as bifunctional sensing materials to detect both humidity and formaldehyde vapor.The CeO_(2)nanosheet humidity sensor exhibited excellent sensing characteristics in the relative humidity range of 11%-97%with the response value as high as 3.1×10^(4).Meanwhile,the CeO_(2)nanosheet gas sensor showed superior sensitivity and repeatability with fast response/recovery speed toward formaldehyde vapor at 300℃.Finally,the humidity and formaldehyde sensing mechanism were discussed as well.
基金This study was supported by the National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholar(51722403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51771134)+2 种基金Tianjin Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar(18JCJQJC46500)National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangdong Province(U1601216)the National Youth Talent Support Program.
文摘Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs)have attracted much attention as the next-generation energy conversion and storage devices due to the abundance and environmental friendliness of zinc(Zn)for anode materials,as well as the safety and low cost of aqueous electrolytes.However,rational design of nonprecious and low-cost integrated air cathode materials with a desirable bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic performance remains a great challenge for the commercialization of rechargeable ZABs.In previous research studies,various cost-effective carbon-supported electrocatalysts and light-weight carbon-based current collectors for air cathodes have been developed,showing vast potential in the application of carbon-based materials.To improve the bifunctional performance and integration of air cathodes,efforts with respect to the design of morphology,defects,and synergistic effects of carbon-based materials have been made.In this perspective,the general understanding of the air cathode construction and the battery working mechanism is discussed.The recent progress in the design of carbon-based materials for air cathodes in rechargeable ZABs is summarized.Several possible future research directions and the expected development trends are also discussed,aiming to facilitate the commercialization of advanced rechargeable ZABs in our life.
文摘Overview Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectromagnetic Functional Materials was established in 2014 and is located at the University Town of Shenzhen.The laboratory provides leading materials,technological process and equipment supports in organic electronics research,including the synthesis of functional organic small molecules and polymers,design and fabrication of organic electronic devices,and the application demonstration of organic electronics.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125202,21908110,U2004209)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190479)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30922010707).
文摘Supramolecular chemistry during the synthesis of carbon-nitrogen-based materials has recently experienced a renaissance in the arena of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.In this review,we start with the discussion of supramolecular assemblies-derived carbon-nitrogen-based materials’regulation from the aspect of morphology,chemical composition,and micro/nanostructural control.Afterwards the recent advances of these materials in energy and environment related applications,including degradation of pollutants,water splitting,oxygen reduction reactions,CO_(2) reduction reactions along with organic synthesis are summarized.The correlations between the structural features and physicochemical properties of the carbonnitrogen-based materials and the specific catalytic activity are discussed in depth.By highlighting the opportunities and challenges of supramolecular assembly strategies,we attempt an outlook on possible future developments for highly efficient carbon-based photo/electrocatalysts.
基金the Doctoral Research Start-up Fund of Hubei University of Science and Technology(BK202504)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-MS-115)。
文摘The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is primarily constrained by issues such as corrosion,zinc dendrite formation,and the hydrogen evolution reaction occurring at the zinc metal anode.To overcome these challenges,strategies for optimizing the electrolyte are crucial for enhancing the stability of the zinc anode.Inspired by the role of hemoglobin in blood cells,which facilitates oxygen transport during human respiration,an innovative inorganic colloidal electrolyte has been developed:calcium silicate-ZnSO_(4)(denoted as CS-ZSO).This electrolyte operates in weak acidic environment and releases calcium ions,which participate in homotopic substitution with zinc ions,while the solvation environment of hydrated zinc ions in the electrolyte is regulated.The reduced energy barrier for the transfer of zinc ions and the energy barrier for the desolvation of hydrated ions imply faster ion transfer kinetics and accelerated desolvation processes,thus favoring the mass transfer process.Furthermore,the silicate colloidal particles act as lubricants,improving the transfer of zinc ions.Together,these factors contribute to the more uniform concentration of zinc ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface,effectively inhibiting zinc dendrite formation and reducing by-product accumulation.The Zn//CS-ZSO//Zn symmetric cell demonstrates stable operation for over 5000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2),representing 29-fold improvement compared to the Zn//ZSO//Zn symmetric cell,which lasts only 170 h.Additionally,the Zn//CS-ZSO//Cu asymmetric cell shows stable average Coulombic efficiency(CE)exceeding 99.6%over2400 cycles,significantly surpassing the performance of the ZSO electrolyte.This modification strategy for electrolytes not only addresses key limitations associated with zinc anodes but also provides valuable insights into stabilizing anodes for the advancement of high-performance aqueous zinc-ion energy storage systems.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.5210125 and 52375422)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2023058)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.E2020208069,B2020208083 and E202320801).
文摘The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-heterostructured nanoporous CoFe/CoFe_(2)O_(4) and CeO_(2−x),in situ grown on nickel foam(NF),holds great promise as a high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst(named R-CoFe/Ce/NF)for water splitting.Experimental characterization verifies surface reconstruction from CoFe alloy/oxide to highly active CoFeOOH during in situ electrochemical polarization.By virtues of three-dimensional nanoporous architecture and abundant electroactive CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterostructure interfaces,the R-CoFe/Ce/NF electrode achieves low overpotentials for oxygen evolution(η_(10)=227 mV;η_(500)=450 mV)and hydrogen evolution(η_(10)=35 mV;η_(408)=560 mV)reactions with high normalized electrochemical active surface areas,respectively.Additionally,the alkaline full water splitting electrolyzer of R-CoFe/Ce/NF||R-CoFe/Ce/NF achieves a current density of 50 mA·cm^(−2) only at 1.75 V;the decline of activity is satisfactory after 100-h durability test at 300 mA·cm^(−2).Density functional theory also demonstrates that the electron can transfer from CeO_(2−x) by virtue of O atom to CoFeOOH at CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterointerfaces and enhancing the adsorption of reactant,thus optimizing electronic structure and Gibbs free energies for the improvement of the activity for water splitting.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(24ZR1400800)he Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20685,52073058,91963204)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3701400)Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1400200)。
文摘High-performance graphite materials have important roles in aerospace and nuclear reactor technologies because of their outstanding chemical stability and high-temperature performance.Their traditional production method relies on repeated impregnation-carbonization and graphitization,and is plagued by lengthy preparation cycles and high energy consumption.Phase transition-assisted self-pressurized selfsintering technology can rapidly produce high-strength graphite materials,but the fracture strain of the graphite materials produced is poor.To solve this problem,this study used a two-step sintering method to uniformly introduce micro-nano pores into natural graphite-based bulk graphite,achieving improved fracture strain of the samples without reducing their density and mechanical properties.Using natural graphite powder,micron-diamond,and nano-diamond as raw materials,and by precisely controlling the staged pressure release process,the degree of diamond phase transition expansion was effectively regulated.The strain-to-failure of the graphite samples reached 1.2%,a 35%increase compared to samples produced by fullpressure sintering.Meanwhile,their flexural strength exceeded 110 MPa,and their density was over 1.9 g/cm^(3).The process therefore produced both a high strength and a high fracture strain.The interface evolution and toughening mechanism during the two-step sintering process were investigated.It is believed that the micro-nano pores formed have two roles:as stress concentrators they induce yielding by shear and as multi-crack propagation paths they significantly lengthen the crack propagation path.The two-step sintering phase transition strategy introduces pores and provides a new approach for increasing the fracture strain of brittle materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272039,U23B2075,51972168)Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province(BE2023085)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20231406)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)graphene monoliths are a new carbon material,that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage.They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)graphene sheets,including interlayer restacking,high contact resistance,and insufficient pore accessibility.By constructing interconnected porous networks,3D graphenes not only retain the intrinsic advantages of 2D graphene sheets,such as high specific surface area,excellent electrical and thermal conductivities,good mechanical properties,and outstanding chemical stability,but also enable efficient mass transport of external fluid species.We summarize the fabrication methods for 3D graphenes,with a particular focus on their applications in energy-related systems.Techniques including chemical reduction assembly,chemical vapor deposition,3D printing,chemical blowing,and zinc-tiered pyrolysis have been developed to change their pore structure and elemental composition,and ways in which they can be integrated with functional components.In terms of energy conversion and storage,they have found broad use in buffering mechanical impacts,suppressing noise,photothermal conversion,electromagnetic shielding and absorption.They have also been used in electrochemical energy systems such as supercapacitors,secondary batteries,and electrocatalysis.By reviewing recent progress in structural design and new applications,we also discuss the problems these materials face,including scalable fabrication and precise pore structure control,and possible new applications.
基金supported by Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application(Grant No.ZDSYS20220527171407017).
文摘The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as well as the dissolution and shuttling of polyiodide.In this study,we report a preparation method for melamine carbon sponge(MC)via carbonizing a commercially available kitchen sponge.It was revealed that the as-prepared MC,composed of unique self-growing carbon nanotubes,could provide both physical and chemical adsorption capabilities for intermediate polyiodides to improve the electrochemical performance of NaI.Consequently,the NaI/MC electrode effectively minimized polyiodide dissolution and reduced the electrochemical impedance.The NaI/MC cathode demonstrated a high average discharge capacity of 92.75 mAh·g^(–1)over 200 cycles while maintaining a coulombic efficiency of 94%.The research findings from our study have promising applications in Na-I batteries.
文摘The discovery and synthesis of colloidal quantum dots(QDs)were awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.QDs,as a novel class of materials distinct from traditional molecular materials and bulk materials,have rapidly emerged in the field of optoelectronic applications due to their unique size-,composition-,surface-,and process-dependent optoelectronic properties.More importantly,their ultra-high specific surface area allows for the application of various surface chemical engineering techniques to regulate and optimize their optoelectronic performance.Furthermore,three-dimensionally confined QDs can achieve nearly perfect photoluminescence quantum yields and extended hot carrier cooling times.Particularly,their ability to be colloidally synthesized and processed using industrially friendly solvents is driving transformative changes in the fields of electronics,photonics,and optoelectronics.
基金supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.52225204,52173233,and 52202085)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission(No.2021-01-07-00-03-E00109)+4 种基金Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Shanghai(No.23ZR1479200)the Shanghai Sci-entific and Technological Innovation Project(No.24520712800)“Shuguang Program”Supported by the Shanghai Education Devel-opment Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commis-sion(No.20SG33)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232024Y-01)the DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program(Nos.LZA2022001and LZB2023002).
文摘Mesoporous framework supported metal nanoparticle catalyst represents a promising material platform for creating multiple active sites that drive tandem reactions. In this study, we demonstrate a novel catalyst design that involves the encapsulation of CuNi alloy nanoparticles within mesoporous silicon carbide nanofibers (mSiC_(f)) to achieve efficient tandem conversion of furfural (FFA) into 2-(isopropoxymethyl)furan (IPF). The unique one-dimensional (1D) mesoporous structure of mSiC_(f), coupled with abundant oxygen-containing groups, offers a favorable surface microenvironment for the stabilization of bimetallic CuNi active sites. Through carefully optimizing metal to acid sites, we have developed a catalyst containing a total mass ratio of 20 % Cu and Ni, which exhibits a remarkable performance with complete FFA conversion and 92 % IPF selectivity in 4 h. In-depth mechanistic investigations have revealed that the superior activity of this catalyst is attributed to a tandem reaction mechanism. Initially, FFA is hydrogenated at the dual metal active sites to produce furfuryl alcohol (FOL) as an intermediate, which is subsequently etherified at the acid sites with suitable species and strengths on the mSiC_(f) supports. Additionally, the robust 1D mSiC_(f) framework effectively protects the metal sites from agglomeration, resulting in excellent reusability of the catalyst. This study underscores the potential of mesoporous silicon carbide-supported bimetallic active sites for achieving enhanced tandem catalytic functionality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005072,21965006)Guiyang Guian science and Technology Personnel Training Project(2024-2-13)+1 种基金Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program(Qian Ke He support(2023)General 122)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Foundation(ZD2025049,KXJZ2024029).
文摘High-entropy materials(HEMs)show exceptional mechanical properties,highly adjustable chemical characteristics,and outstanding stability,making them suitable for energy storage.However,the broad compositional space and intricate chemical interactions in HEMs present challenges to traditional trial-and-error research methods,restricting their efficacy in swift screening and synthesis.Hence,the application of machine learning(ML)to the realm of high-entropy materials and energy storage becomes imperative.ML demonstrates its formidable capabilities for navigating the complexity of HEMs,with their diverse metal components,structures and property combinations,to advance energy storage applications.This review comprises the following sections:a concise introduction to the general process of ML in the energy materials field,a summary of HEMs in the energy storage field,a review of the latest achievements of ML in the HEMs and energy storage field,and finally,an exploration of current challenges and prospects in this interdisciplinary arena.With the advent of ML,the precision of its predictions and the efficiency of its screening methods have offered novel perspectives for material research,expediting the discovery and application of new materials.This article contributes to the advancement of research in related fields,hastening the development of novel materials to meet the escalating energy demands and promote sustainable development goals.
