AIM： To investigate whether birch pollen allergy symptoms are linked with gut microbiota changes and whether probiotics have an effect on these. METHODS： Forty seven children with confirmed birch pollen allergy were...AIM： To investigate whether birch pollen allergy symptoms are linked with gut microbiota changes and whether probiotics have an effect on these. METHODS： Forty seven children with confirmed birch pollen allergy were randomized to receive either a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus （L. acidophilus） NCFM^TM （ATCC 700396） and Bifidobacterium lactis （B. lactis） BI-04 （ATCC SD5219） or placebo in a double-blind manner for 4 mo, starting prior to onset of the birch pollen season. Symptoms were recorded in a diary. Blood samples were taken for analysis of cytokines and eosinophils. Fecal samples were analysed for microbiota components, calprotectin and IgA. Nasal swabs were taken for analysis of eosinophils.RESULTS： The pollen season induced a reduction in Bifldobacterium , Clostridium and Bacteroides which could not be prevented by the probiotic intervention. During the intervention, significantly higher numbers ofB. lactis 11.2 × 10^7 ± 4.2 ×10^7 vs 0.1 × 10^7 ± 0.1 × 10^7 bacteria/g feces （P 〈 0.0001） and L. acidophilus NCFMTM 3.5 × 10^6 ± 1.3 × 10^6 vs 0.2 × 10^6 ±0.1 × 10^6 bacteria/g feces （P 〈 0.0001） were observed in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group.During May, there was a tendency for fewer subjects, （76.2% vs 95.2%, P = 0.078） to report runny nose, while during June, fewer subjects, 11.1% vs 33.3%, reported nasal blocking in the probiotics group （P = 0.101）. Concomitantly, fewer subjects in the probiotic group had infiltration of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa compared to the placebo group, 57.1% vs 95% （P = 0.013）. Eye symptoms tended to be slightly more frequent in the probiotic group, 12.5 d [interquartile range （IQR） 6-18] vs 7.5 d （IQR 0-11.5） （P = 0.066） during May. Fecal IgA was increased in the placebo group during the pollen season; this increase was prevented by the probiotics （P = 0.028）. CONCLUSION： Birch pollen allergy was shown to be associated with changes in fecal microbiota composition. The specific combination of probiotics used was shown to prevent the pollen-induced infiltration of eosinophils into the nasal mucosa, and indicated a trend for reduced nasal symptoms.展开更多
AIM： To characterize the bifidobacterial microbiota of the colonic mucosa in patients with colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or diverticulitis. METHODS： A sample of the distal colonic mucosa was taken during ...AIM： To characterize the bifidobacterial microbiota of the colonic mucosa in patients with colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or diverticulitis. METHODS： A sample of the distal colonic mucosa was taken during surgery from a total of 34 patients, twenty-one with diagnosed colorectal cancer, nine with diverticulitis and four with inflammatory bowel disease, requiring surgery for their condition. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the resected mucosal samples and bifidobacterial mucosa-associated microbiota was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by means of qualitative and quantitative PCR. RESULTS： Bifidobacteria were found in 100% of the samples from patients with diverticulitis or IBD and a 76% of those suffering colon cancer. The species B. Iongum and B. bifidum were the most widely found, followed by B. animalis, B. catenulatum and B. adolescentis. B. breve, B. dentium and B. angulatum were not detected in any sample. A significantly higher occurrence of B. Iongum was observed in patients with diverticulitis than in those with colon cancer or IBD （100%, 62% and 75%, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. Similar results were obtained for B, animalis （56%, 0% and 25%, P 〈 0.05）, while B. adolescentis was only found in the mucosa from patients with colon cancer （5 out of 21, 24%）. At the quantitative level, patients with colon cancer or IBD showed lower counts of total Bifidobacterium （4.94 and 5.91 vs 6.96 log Cells/sample, respectively, P 〈 0.05） and of the species B. longum （4.05 and 4.79 vs 6.76, P 〈 0.05） than those with diverticulitis.CONCLUSION： Aberrancies in mucosa associated microbiota are present in different intestinal diseases. This may indicate a role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of these diseases.展开更多
Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) is effective in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection(r CDI). Knowledge of the safety and efficacy of FMT treatment in immune deficient patients is scarce. FMT has been sugges...Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) is effective in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection(r CDI). Knowledge of the safety and efficacy of FMT treatment in immune deficient patients is scarce. FMT has been suggested as a potential method for an increasing number of new indications besides r CDI. Among our FMT-treated r CDI patients, we reviewed those with major comorbidities: two human immunodeficiency virus patients, six haemodialysis patients, two kidney transplant patients, two liver transplant patients and a patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia. We also reviewed those treated with FMT for indications other than r CDI: Salmonella carriage(two patients), trimethylaminuria(two patients), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO;one patient), and lymphocytic colitis(one patient), as well as a common variable immunodeficiency patient with chronic norovirus infection and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli(E. coli) carriage. Of the thirteen r CDI patients treated with FMT, eleven cleared the CDI. The observed adverse events were not directly attributable to FMT. Concerning the special indications, both Salmonellas and ESBL-producing E. coli were eradicated. One trimethylaminuria patient and one SIBO-patient reported a reduction of symptoms. Three patients did not experience a benefit from FMT: chronic norovirus, lymphocytic colitis and the other fish malodour syndrome. There were no reported side effects in this group. FMT appeared to be safe and effective for immunocompromised patients with r CDI. FMT showed promise for the eradication of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but further research is warranted.展开更多
Objective: To assess impact of probiotics and breastfeeding on gut microecolog y. Study design: Mothers were randomized to receive placebo or Lactobacillus rha mnosus GG before delivery, with treatment of the infants ...Objective: To assess impact of probiotics and breastfeeding on gut microecolog y. Study design: Mothers were randomized to receive placebo or Lactobacillus rha mnosus GG before delivery, with treatment of the infants after delivery. We asse ssed gut microbiota, humoral immune responses, and measured soluble cluster of d ifferentiation 14 (sCD14) in colostrumin 96 infants. Results: Fecal Bifidobacter ium and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus counts were higher in breastfed than formula-f ed infants at 6 months; P < .0001 and P = .01, respectively. At 3 months, total number of immunoglobulin (Ig)G-secreting cells in breastfed infants supplemente d with probiotics exceeded those in breastfed infants receiving placebo; P = .05 , and their number correlated with concentration of sCD14 in colostrum. Total nu mbers of IgM-, IgA-, and IgG-secreting cells at 12 months were higher in infa nts breastfed exclusively for at least for 3 months and supplemented with probio tics as compared with breastfed infants receiving placebo; P = .005, P = .03 and P = .04, respectively. Again, sCD14 in colostrum correlated with numbers of IgM and IgA cells; P = .05 in both. Conclusions: We found an interaction between pr obiotics and breastfeeding on number of Ig-secreting cells, suggesting that pro biotics during breastfeeding may positively influence gut immunity.展开更多
Aim: There is increasing demand for individualized health advice. The aim of this study was to assess the effects on cardiovascular risk markers of receiving personal genetic health information, using apoE genotypes a...Aim: There is increasing demand for individualized health advice. The aim of this study was to assess the effects on cardiovascular risk markers of receiving personal genetic health information, using apoE genotypes as a tool for promoting lifestyle changes. ApoE was chosen because it had a significant impact on lipid metabolism and cholesterol absorption, all factors for CVD. Methods: This study was a one-year explanatory intervention study for healthy adults, aged between 20 - 67 years old (n = 106). Their clinical markers (serum lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure, Body Mass Index, body fat percentage and waist circumference) were measured three times during the intervention. The clinical effects were assessed for three groups: a high risk group (ε 4+, n = 16);a low-risk group (ε?4-, n = 35);and a control group (n = 55). Results: The triglyceride values and waist circumference lowered more in ε?4+ compared with the control group (p < 0.05;alpha value 0.005) during the intervention. Conclusion: The personal genetic information, based on apoE, may have positive effects on cardiovascular risk markers (e.g., improvement in triglyceride values). The individual health information, based on genotyping could be a potential option in the prevention of CVD. More research is required on how to utilize genotype-based health information in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.展开更多
Theterms“inflammatome”(holistic inflammation networks)and“inflammatomics”(anovelomicsfield)wereproposed to decode dysbiosis-driven chronic inflammation and its disease links.Inflammatomics explores microbiota–imm...Theterms“inflammatome”(holistic inflammation networks)and“inflammatomics”(anovelomicsfield)wereproposed to decode dysbiosis-driven chronic inflammation and its disease links.Inflammatomics explores microbiota–immune crosstalk,particularly innate immune interactions,revealing how dysregulated microbial communities trigger chronic inflammation underlying disorders like inflammatory bowel disease,metabolic diseases,and neurodegeneration.This discipline transcends traditional inflammation paradigms by dissecting molecular pathways connecting dysbiosis to systemic inflammation,enabling early detection and precision interventions.It integrates evolutionary perspectives on host–microbe interactions,emphasizing the human body as a stress-sensitive“organ”.Challenges include stan dardizing inflammatome profiling,translating findings into clinical tools,and advancing multiomics technologies.By bridging microbial ecology,immunology,and systems medicine,inflammatomics holds a transformative potential to shift health care from reactive treatment to proactive,personalized prevention,targeting disease origins shaped by chronic inflammatome dysregulation.展开更多
文摘AIM： To investigate whether birch pollen allergy symptoms are linked with gut microbiota changes and whether probiotics have an effect on these. METHODS： Forty seven children with confirmed birch pollen allergy were randomized to receive either a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus （L. acidophilus） NCFM^TM （ATCC 700396） and Bifidobacterium lactis （B. lactis） BI-04 （ATCC SD5219） or placebo in a double-blind manner for 4 mo, starting prior to onset of the birch pollen season. Symptoms were recorded in a diary. Blood samples were taken for analysis of cytokines and eosinophils. Fecal samples were analysed for microbiota components, calprotectin and IgA. Nasal swabs were taken for analysis of eosinophils.RESULTS： The pollen season induced a reduction in Bifldobacterium , Clostridium and Bacteroides which could not be prevented by the probiotic intervention. During the intervention, significantly higher numbers ofB. lactis 11.2 × 10^7 ± 4.2 ×10^7 vs 0.1 × 10^7 ± 0.1 × 10^7 bacteria/g feces （P 〈 0.0001） and L. acidophilus NCFMTM 3.5 × 10^6 ± 1.3 × 10^6 vs 0.2 × 10^6 ±0.1 × 10^6 bacteria/g feces （P 〈 0.0001） were observed in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group.During May, there was a tendency for fewer subjects, （76.2% vs 95.2%, P = 0.078） to report runny nose, while during June, fewer subjects, 11.1% vs 33.3%, reported nasal blocking in the probiotics group （P = 0.101）. Concomitantly, fewer subjects in the probiotic group had infiltration of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa compared to the placebo group, 57.1% vs 95% （P = 0.013）. Eye symptoms tended to be slightly more frequent in the probiotic group, 12.5 d [interquartile range （IQR） 6-18] vs 7.5 d （IQR 0-11.5） （P = 0.066） during May. Fecal IgA was increased in the placebo group during the pollen season; this increase was prevented by the probiotics （P = 0.028）. CONCLUSION： Birch pollen allergy was shown to be associated with changes in fecal microbiota composition. The specific combination of probiotics used was shown to prevent the pollen-induced infiltration of eosinophils into the nasal mucosa, and indicated a trend for reduced nasal symptoms.
文摘AIM： To characterize the bifidobacterial microbiota of the colonic mucosa in patients with colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or diverticulitis. METHODS： A sample of the distal colonic mucosa was taken during surgery from a total of 34 patients, twenty-one with diagnosed colorectal cancer, nine with diverticulitis and four with inflammatory bowel disease, requiring surgery for their condition. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the resected mucosal samples and bifidobacterial mucosa-associated microbiota was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by means of qualitative and quantitative PCR. RESULTS： Bifidobacteria were found in 100% of the samples from patients with diverticulitis or IBD and a 76% of those suffering colon cancer. The species B. Iongum and B. bifidum were the most widely found, followed by B. animalis, B. catenulatum and B. adolescentis. B. breve, B. dentium and B. angulatum were not detected in any sample. A significantly higher occurrence of B. Iongum was observed in patients with diverticulitis than in those with colon cancer or IBD （100%, 62% and 75%, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. Similar results were obtained for B, animalis （56%, 0% and 25%, P 〈 0.05）, while B. adolescentis was only found in the mucosa from patients with colon cancer （5 out of 21, 24%）. At the quantitative level, patients with colon cancer or IBD showed lower counts of total Bifidobacterium （4.94 and 5.91 vs 6.96 log Cells/sample, respectively, P 〈 0.05） and of the species B. longum （4.05 and 4.79 vs 6.76, P 〈 0.05） than those with diverticulitis.CONCLUSION： Aberrancies in mucosa associated microbiota are present in different intestinal diseases. This may indicate a role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
文摘Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) is effective in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection(r CDI). Knowledge of the safety and efficacy of FMT treatment in immune deficient patients is scarce. FMT has been suggested as a potential method for an increasing number of new indications besides r CDI. Among our FMT-treated r CDI patients, we reviewed those with major comorbidities: two human immunodeficiency virus patients, six haemodialysis patients, two kidney transplant patients, two liver transplant patients and a patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia. We also reviewed those treated with FMT for indications other than r CDI: Salmonella carriage(two patients), trimethylaminuria(two patients), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO;one patient), and lymphocytic colitis(one patient), as well as a common variable immunodeficiency patient with chronic norovirus infection and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli(E. coli) carriage. Of the thirteen r CDI patients treated with FMT, eleven cleared the CDI. The observed adverse events were not directly attributable to FMT. Concerning the special indications, both Salmonellas and ESBL-producing E. coli were eradicated. One trimethylaminuria patient and one SIBO-patient reported a reduction of symptoms. Three patients did not experience a benefit from FMT: chronic norovirus, lymphocytic colitis and the other fish malodour syndrome. There were no reported side effects in this group. FMT appeared to be safe and effective for immunocompromised patients with r CDI. FMT showed promise for the eradication of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but further research is warranted.
文摘Objective: To assess impact of probiotics and breastfeeding on gut microecolog y. Study design: Mothers were randomized to receive placebo or Lactobacillus rha mnosus GG before delivery, with treatment of the infants after delivery. We asse ssed gut microbiota, humoral immune responses, and measured soluble cluster of d ifferentiation 14 (sCD14) in colostrumin 96 infants. Results: Fecal Bifidobacter ium and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus counts were higher in breastfed than formula-f ed infants at 6 months; P < .0001 and P = .01, respectively. At 3 months, total number of immunoglobulin (Ig)G-secreting cells in breastfed infants supplemente d with probiotics exceeded those in breastfed infants receiving placebo; P = .05 , and their number correlated with concentration of sCD14 in colostrum. Total nu mbers of IgM-, IgA-, and IgG-secreting cells at 12 months were higher in infa nts breastfed exclusively for at least for 3 months and supplemented with probio tics as compared with breastfed infants receiving placebo; P = .005, P = .03 and P = .04, respectively. Again, sCD14 in colostrum correlated with numbers of IgM and IgA cells; P = .05 in both. Conclusions: We found an interaction between pr obiotics and breastfeeding on number of Ig-secreting cells, suggesting that pro biotics during breastfeeding may positively influence gut immunity.
文摘Aim: There is increasing demand for individualized health advice. The aim of this study was to assess the effects on cardiovascular risk markers of receiving personal genetic health information, using apoE genotypes as a tool for promoting lifestyle changes. ApoE was chosen because it had a significant impact on lipid metabolism and cholesterol absorption, all factors for CVD. Methods: This study was a one-year explanatory intervention study for healthy adults, aged between 20 - 67 years old (n = 106). Their clinical markers (serum lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure, Body Mass Index, body fat percentage and waist circumference) were measured three times during the intervention. The clinical effects were assessed for three groups: a high risk group (ε 4+, n = 16);a low-risk group (ε?4-, n = 35);and a control group (n = 55). Results: The triglyceride values and waist circumference lowered more in ε?4+ compared with the control group (p < 0.05;alpha value 0.005) during the intervention. Conclusion: The personal genetic information, based on apoE, may have positive effects on cardiovascular risk markers (e.g., improvement in triglyceride values). The individual health information, based on genotyping could be a potential option in the prevention of CVD. More research is required on how to utilize genotype-based health information in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda tion for Key Programs of China Grants(32394054 to R.Y.).
文摘Theterms“inflammatome”(holistic inflammation networks)and“inflammatomics”(anovelomicsfield)wereproposed to decode dysbiosis-driven chronic inflammation and its disease links.Inflammatomics explores microbiota–immune crosstalk,particularly innate immune interactions,revealing how dysregulated microbial communities trigger chronic inflammation underlying disorders like inflammatory bowel disease,metabolic diseases,and neurodegeneration.This discipline transcends traditional inflammation paradigms by dissecting molecular pathways connecting dysbiosis to systemic inflammation,enabling early detection and precision interventions.It integrates evolutionary perspectives on host–microbe interactions,emphasizing the human body as a stress-sensitive“organ”.Challenges include stan dardizing inflammatome profiling,translating findings into clinical tools,and advancing multiomics technologies.By bridging microbial ecology,immunology,and systems medicine,inflammatomics holds a transformative potential to shift health care from reactive treatment to proactive,personalized prevention,targeting disease origins shaped by chronic inflammatome dysregulation.
