Gene expression and the content of hormones regulating feed intake and digestion are crucial for understanding gastric evacuation(GE)and feeding frequency in fish.This study assessed the effects of temperature and siz...Gene expression and the content of hormones regulating feed intake and digestion are crucial for understanding gastric evacuation(GE)and feeding frequency in fish.This study assessed the effects of temperature and size on these parameters by examining the domestication of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)at four temperatures(8℃,12℃,16℃,and 20℃)and with two sizes(75.99 g±10.48 g and 140.21 g±22.08 g)over two weeks.The trout were fasted for 72 h before the GE trial to ensure complete gastric emptying.In each GE trial,the expressions of peptide tyrosine(PYY),cholecystokinin(CCK),and ghrelin genes,along with corresponding serum hormone levels,were measured before feeding and at 0 h and 24 h after feeding,in conjunction with feed intake and 24-h gastric content mass.Results revealed significant effects of temperature on the expression of the three gastric genes.CCK expression increased at 8℃,correlating with reduced feed intake,while PYY and CCK increased at 20℃,correlating with accelerated gastric evacuation.Size significantly influenced serum levels of all three hormones,but the interaction between temperature and size did not affect PYY and ghrelin expression or their serum contents.This study provides molecular insights into how temperature and size regulate the digestion of steelhead trout,offering a theoretical framework for optimizing feeding frequency in aquaculture practices.展开更多
Recurrent neural networks(RNNs)have proven to be indispensable for processing sequential and temporal data,with extensive applications in language modeling,text generation,machine translation,and time-series forecasti...Recurrent neural networks(RNNs)have proven to be indispensable for processing sequential and temporal data,with extensive applications in language modeling,text generation,machine translation,and time-series forecasting.Despite their versatility,RNNs are frequently beset by significant training expenses and slow convergence times,which impinge upon their deployment in edge AI applications.Reservoir computing(RC),a specialized RNN variant,is attracting increased attention as a cost-effective alternative for processing temporal and sequential data at the edge.RC’s distinctive advantage stems from its compatibility with emerging memristive hardware,which leverages the energy efficiency and reduced footprint of analog in-memory and in-sensor computing,offering a streamlined and energy-efficient solution.This review offers a comprehensive explanation of RC’s underlying principles,fabrication processes,and surveys recent progress in nano-memristive device based RC systems from the viewpoints of in-memory and in-sensor RC function.It covers a spectrum of memristive device,from established oxide-based memristive device to cutting-edge material science developments,providing readers with a lucid understanding of RC’s hardware implementation and fostering innovative designs for in-sensor RC systems.Lastly,we identify prevailing challenges and suggest viable solutions,paving the way for future advancements in in-sensor RC technology.展开更多
Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts are the key core materials that determine the performance of fuel cells,metal-air batteries,electrolytic water decomposition,and other applications.In this work,a green lignin-b...Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts are the key core materials that determine the performance of fuel cells,metal-air batteries,electrolytic water decomposition,and other applications.In this work,a green lignin-based non-precious metal OER catalyst was prepared by a simple strategy.Firstly,c arboxylated lignin was used to complex Ni and Co in situ,and then they were placed with sodium hypophosphite in the same tube furnace for upstream and downstream high-temperature calcination to construct a lignin carbon-based Ni-Co bimetallic OER catalyst(NiCoP@C).The synthesized catalyst is a porous bimetallic phosphide with a three-dimensional network structure and high-density electrochemical active sites.NiCoP@C exhibited favorable catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)with overpotential of 280 mV at 10 mA·cm~(-2)and a Tafel slope of 77 mV·dec~(-1).Additionally,it exhibited remarkable durability during usage.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that by leveraging the distinctive structure of transition metal phosphide nanoparticles incorporated into a reticulated substrate,the NiCoP@C catalyst offered an increased number of active sites for OER catalysis,significantly enhancing its stability during practical applications.The present study broadens the utilization pathways of biomass to"turn waste into treasure,"aligning the development concept of green sustainable development.展开更多
With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)construction strategies proposed and applied,its power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have come to a new level of over 19%in single-junction devices....With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)construction strategies proposed and applied,its power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have come to a new level of over 19%in single-junction devices.However,previous studies are heavily based in chloroform(CF)leaving behind substantial knowledge deficiencies in understanding the influence of solvent choice when introducing a third component.Herein,we present a case where a newly designed asymmetric small molecular acceptor using fluoro-methoxylated end-group modification strategy,named BTP-BO-3FO with enlarged bandgap,brings different morphological evolution and performance improvement effect on host system PM6:BTP-eC9,processed by CF and ortho-xylene(o-XY).With detailed analyses supported by a series of experiments,the best PCE of 19.24%for green solvent-processed OSCs is found to be a fruit of finely tuned crystalline ordering and general aggregation motif,which furthermore nourishes a favorable charge generation and recombination behavior.Likewise,over 19%PCE can be achieved by replacing spin-coating with blade coating for active layer deposition.This work focuses on understanding the commonly met yet frequently ignored issues when building ternary blends to demonstrate cutting-edge device performance,hence,will be instructive to other ternary OSC works in the future.展开更多
Transmutation is an efficient approach for material design. For example, ternary compound CuGaSe_(2) in chalcopyrite structure is a promising material for novel optoelectronic and thermoelectric device applications. I...Transmutation is an efficient approach for material design. For example, ternary compound CuGaSe_(2) in chalcopyrite structure is a promising material for novel optoelectronic and thermoelectric device applications. It can be considered as formed from the binary host compound ZnSe in zinc-blende structure by cation transmutation(i.e., replacing two Zn atoms by one Cu and one Ga). While cation-transmutated materials are common, aniontransmutated ternary materials are rare, for example, Zn_(2)As Br(i.e., replacing two Se atoms by one As and one Br)is not reported. The physical origin for this puzzling disparity is unclear. In this work, we employ first-principles calculations to address this issue, and find that the distinct differences in stability between cation-transmutated(mix-cation) and anion-transmutated(mix-anion) compounds originate from their different trends of ionic radii as functions of their ionic state, i.e., for cations, the radius decreases with the increasing ionic state, whereas for anions, the radius increases with the increasing absolute ionic state. Therefore, for mix-cation compounds,the strain energy and Coulomb energy can be simultaneously optimized to make these materials stable. In contrast, for mix-anion systems, minimization of Coulomb energy will increase the strain energy, thus the system becomes unstable or less stable. Thus, the trend of decreasing strain energy and Coulomb energy is consistent in mix-cation compounds, while it is opposite in mix-anion compounds. Furthermore, the study suggests that the stability strategy for mix-anion compounds can be controlled by the ratio of ionic radii r3/r1, with a smaller ratio indicating greater stability. Our work, thus, elucidates the intrinsic stability trend of transmutated materials and provides guidelines for the design of novel ternary materials for various device applications.展开更多
Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE dr...Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE drop when the bladecoating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead,which hampers the practical development of OSCs.Here,a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused endgroup.Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering,NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity,packing patterns,and miscibility with polymeric donor.The studies exhibit that the molecular packing,crystallinity,and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed vip acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains,providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YRSeNF-based OSCs.As a result,a record-high PCE approaching 19%is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a greensolvent o-xylene with high-boiling point.Notably,ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep>80%of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h.Our alkyl-tailored vip acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs,which paves a way for industrial development.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are considered the ideal choice for high volumetric energy density lithium-ion batteries,but uncontrolled lithium deposition poses a significant challenge to the stability of such devices....Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are considered the ideal choice for high volumetric energy density lithium-ion batteries,but uncontrolled lithium deposition poses a significant challenge to the stability of such devices.In this paper,we introduce a 2.5μm-thick asymmetric and ultrastrong separator,which can induce tissue-like lithium deposits.The asymmetric separator,denoted by utPE@Cu_(2)O,was prepared by selective synthesis of Cu_(2)O nanoparticles on one of the outer surfaces of a nanofibrous(diameter~10 nm)ultrastrong ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)membrane.Microscopic analysis shows that the lithium deposits have tissue-like morphology,resulting in the symmetric lithium cells assembled using utPE@Cu_(2)O with symmetric Cu_(2)O coating exhibiting stable performance for over 2000 h of cycling.This work demonstrates the feasibility of a facile approach ultrathin separators for the deployment of lithium metal batteries,providing a pathway towards enhanced battery performance and safety.展开更多
Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(STOPVs)have gained wide attention owing to their promising applications in building-integrated photovoltaics,agrivoltaics,and floating photovoltaics.Organic semiconductors with hi...Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(STOPVs)have gained wide attention owing to their promising applications in building-integrated photovoltaics,agrivoltaics,and floating photovoltaics.Organic semiconductors with high charge carrier mobility usually have planar and conjugated structures,thereby showing strong absorption in visible region.In this work,a new concept of incorporating transparent inorganic semiconductors is proposed for high-performance STOPVs.Copper(I)thiocyanate(CuSCN)is a visible-transparent inorganic semiconductor with an ionization potential of 5.45 eV and high hole mobility.The transparency of CuSCN benefits high average visible transmittance(AVT)of STOPVs.The energy levels of CuSCN as donor match those of near-infrared small molecule acceptor BTP-eC9,and the formed heterojunction exhibits an ability of exciton dissociation.High mobility of CuSCN contributes to a more favorable charge transport channel and suppresses charge recombination.The control STOPVs based on PM6/BTP-eC9 exhibit an AVT of 19.0%with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.7%.Partial replacement of PM6 with CuSCN leads to a 63%increase in transmittance,resulting in a higher AVT of 30.9%and a comparable PCE of 10.8%.展开更多
Fully non-fused electron acceptors(FNEAs)exhibit great potential as cost-effective electron acceptors for organic solar cells(OSCs).However,the device performance of FNEAs in OSCs is hindered by weak acceptor crystall...Fully non-fused electron acceptors(FNEAs)exhibit great potential as cost-effective electron acceptors for organic solar cells(OSCs).However,the device performance of FNEAs in OSCs is hindered by weak acceptor crystallinity associated with the rotation of carbon-carbon single bonds.Herein,we report the formation of strong molecular crystallinity of FNEAs and thus favorable fibril network morphology in blend films by finely optimizing the thermal annealing temperature.This favorable morphology not only enhanced the diffusion distance and dissociation efficiency of excitons in the acceptor phase,but also significantly boosted the electron mobility and carrier extraction rate.Consequently,a power conversion efficiency of 17.3%along with a short-circuit current density of 27.7 mA cm^(-2)are obtained,which are both the highest values for OSCs employing fully non-fused electron acceptors.These results demonstrate promising prospects and provide valuable insights for achieving high-efficiency OSCs using low-cost FNEAs.展开更多
The development of power conversion efficiency(PCE)for organic solar cells(OSCs)based on polymer donors with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]-difuran building block is slower than that of those based on benzodithiophene due to un...The development of power conversion efficiency(PCE)for organic solar cells(OSCs)based on polymer donors with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]-difuran building block is slower than that of those based on benzodithiophene due to uncontrollable aggregation behavior.However,the former is expected to be more promising in realizing environmentally friendly and high-performance devices.Thereby,a smart aggregation tuning strategy is needed for boosting the efficiency of this type of OSCs.Here we report solid additives designed by self-imitation strategy,which aims to control the aggregation of the donor D18-Fu,and regulate the domain expansion of the acceptor L8-BO.Three oligomeric additives,with or without halogenation,can uniformly reduce the energy loss and enhance charge generation compared to an additive-free control device.This improvement is demonstrated through a series of morphological characterizations,photophysical analyses and theoretical simulations,indicating strong interaction between additive molecules and donor&acceptor.As a result,a 19%PCE is reported in binary OSCs,which also represents the highest level for devices based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]-difuran core contained polymer donor.Apart from high performance,our study provides new insights into manipulating the competition between the donor and acceptor's pure phase formation through new additive design methods.展开更多
In this paper,an alkyl-chain-linked strategy is employed to synthesize a dimeric acceptor,DPhC8Y,which achieves simultaneous enhancements in device efficiency and stability while also exhibiting an unprecedentedly hig...In this paper,an alkyl-chain-linked strategy is employed to synthesize a dimeric acceptor,DPhC8Y,which achieves simultaneous enhancements in device efficiency and stability while also exhibiting an unprecedentedly high production yield compared to other“giant molecular acceptors”for organic solar cells(OSCs).Compared to the monomer DTY6,DPhC8Y contains improved crystalline ordering and refined phase separation,thereby reducing non-radiative loss,suppressing bulk and interface recombination,and decreasing trap density.On the other hand,the dimer acceptor possesses an intrinsically higher glass transition point.Through performance evaluation,the binary device of D18:DPhC8Y blend demonstrates 19.50%efficiency with remarkably over 80%fill factor(FF),surpassing those of D18:DTY6(18.25%and 76.42%).Meanwhile,the dimer-based active layer displays significantly enhanced storage and thermal stability in the device.Our report showcases the possibility of achieving OSCs with concurrent decent efficiency,stability,and cost-effectiveness through smart material and synthesis design.展开更多
The organized three-dimensional chromosome architecture in the cell nucleus provides scaffolding for precise regulation of gene expression.When the cell changes its identity in the cell-fate decision-making process,ex...The organized three-dimensional chromosome architecture in the cell nucleus provides scaffolding for precise regulation of gene expression.When the cell changes its identity in the cell-fate decision-making process,extensive rearrangements of chromo-some structures occur accompanied by large-scale adaptations of gene expression,underscoring the importance of chromosome dynamics in shaping genome function.Over the last two decades,rapid development of experimental methods has provided unprecedented data to characterize the hierarchical structures and dynamic properties of chromosomes.In parallel,these enormous data offer valuable opportunities for developing quantitative computational models.Here,we review a variety of large-scale polymer models developed to investigate the structures and dynamics of chromosomes.Different from the underlying modeling strategies,these approaches can be classified into data-driven(‘top-down’)and physics-based(‘bottom-up’)categories.We discuss their contributions to offering valuable insights into the relationships among the structures,dynamics,and functions of chromosomes and propose the perspective of developing data integration approaches from different experimental technologies and multidisciplinary theoretical/simulation methods combined with different modeling strategies.展开更多
The A-D-A and A-D-A'-D-A molecular skeletons of nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)establish the success in realizing high-efficiency organic photovoltaics(OPVs),while the C=C bond between D and A moieties stands as a cr...The A-D-A and A-D-A'-D-A molecular skeletons of nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)establish the success in realizing high-efficiency organic photovoltaics(OPVs),while the C=C bond between D and A moieties stands as a critical weakness for long-term stability.Herein,we report that by developing trichlorinated cyanoindone as A terminal,the resulting NFA denoted S-5Cl could resist both photodegradation with an increased rotational energy barrier and thermo-diffusion with the elevated glass transition temperature,which was further supported by tighter molecular stacking in the single crystal of S-5Cl.These features,thus,allow the S-5Cl-based binary OPV to possess 2–4 times longer lifetimes under heat(T_(80))or light(T_(70))stresses than the counterpart based on the NFA with dichlorinated terminal.Such advantages were inherited by the S-5Cl-based ternary device.Moreover,S-5Cl enabled a good efficiency of 17.66%with a remarkable fill factor of 81.69%for binary OPV and a much better efficiency of 19.25%for the ternary device.Therefore,our work indicates that tailoring the terminal groups for more condensed molecular arrangements of NFAs is a feasible route to highly efficient and stable OPVs.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2024YFD2400300 and 2019YFD0901000)the Natural National Science Foundation of China(No.32373104).
文摘Gene expression and the content of hormones regulating feed intake and digestion are crucial for understanding gastric evacuation(GE)and feeding frequency in fish.This study assessed the effects of temperature and size on these parameters by examining the domestication of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)at four temperatures(8℃,12℃,16℃,and 20℃)and with two sizes(75.99 g±10.48 g and 140.21 g±22.08 g)over two weeks.The trout were fasted for 72 h before the GE trial to ensure complete gastric emptying.In each GE trial,the expressions of peptide tyrosine(PYY),cholecystokinin(CCK),and ghrelin genes,along with corresponding serum hormone levels,were measured before feeding and at 0 h and 24 h after feeding,in conjunction with feed intake and 24-h gastric content mass.Results revealed significant effects of temperature on the expression of the three gastric genes.CCK expression increased at 8℃,correlating with reduced feed intake,while PYY and CCK increased at 20℃,correlating with accelerated gastric evacuation.Size significantly influenced serum levels of all three hormones,but the interaction between temperature and size did not affect PYY and ghrelin expression or their serum contents.This study provides molecular insights into how temperature and size regulate the digestion of steelhead trout,offering a theoretical framework for optimizing feeding frequency in aquaculture practices.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1405600)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z210006)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China—Young Scientists Fund(Grant No.12104051,62122004)Hong Kong Research Grant Council(Grant Nos.27206321,17205922,17212923 and C1009-22GF)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(SGDX20220530111405040)partially supported by ACCESS—AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems,sponsored by Innovation and Technology Fund(ITF),Hong Kong SAR。
文摘Recurrent neural networks(RNNs)have proven to be indispensable for processing sequential and temporal data,with extensive applications in language modeling,text generation,machine translation,and time-series forecasting.Despite their versatility,RNNs are frequently beset by significant training expenses and slow convergence times,which impinge upon their deployment in edge AI applications.Reservoir computing(RC),a specialized RNN variant,is attracting increased attention as a cost-effective alternative for processing temporal and sequential data at the edge.RC’s distinctive advantage stems from its compatibility with emerging memristive hardware,which leverages the energy efficiency and reduced footprint of analog in-memory and in-sensor computing,offering a streamlined and energy-efficient solution.This review offers a comprehensive explanation of RC’s underlying principles,fabrication processes,and surveys recent progress in nano-memristive device based RC systems from the viewpoints of in-memory and in-sensor RC function.It covers a spectrum of memristive device,from established oxide-based memristive device to cutting-edge material science developments,providing readers with a lucid understanding of RC’s hardware implementation and fostering innovative designs for in-sensor RC systems.Lastly,we identify prevailing challenges and suggest viable solutions,paving the way for future advancements in in-sensor RC technology.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278092)the Science and Technology Research Project of Guangzhou(Nos.2023A03J0034,2023A04J0077 and 202201000002)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering(No.202313)the Key Discipline of Materials Science and Engineering,Bureau of Education of Guangzhou(No.202255464)。
文摘Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts are the key core materials that determine the performance of fuel cells,metal-air batteries,electrolytic water decomposition,and other applications.In this work,a green lignin-based non-precious metal OER catalyst was prepared by a simple strategy.Firstly,c arboxylated lignin was used to complex Ni and Co in situ,and then they were placed with sodium hypophosphite in the same tube furnace for upstream and downstream high-temperature calcination to construct a lignin carbon-based Ni-Co bimetallic OER catalyst(NiCoP@C).The synthesized catalyst is a porous bimetallic phosphide with a three-dimensional network structure and high-density electrochemical active sites.NiCoP@C exhibited favorable catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)with overpotential of 280 mV at 10 mA·cm~(-2)and a Tafel slope of 77 mV·dec~(-1).Additionally,it exhibited remarkable durability during usage.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that by leveraging the distinctive structure of transition metal phosphide nanoparticles incorporated into a reticulated substrate,the NiCoP@C catalyst offered an increased number of active sites for OER catalysis,significantly enhancing its stability during practical applications.The present study broadens the utilization pathways of biomass to"turn waste into treasure,"aligning the development concept of green sustainable development.
基金R.Ma thanks the support from PolyU Distinguished Postdoc Fellowship(1-YW4C)Z.Luo thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.22309119)+7 种基金J.Wu thanks the Guangdong government and the Guangzhou government for funding(2021QN02C110)the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.2023A03J0097 and 2023A03J0003)H.Yan appreciates the support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0705900)funded by MOST,the Basic and Applied Research Major Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B030302007)the Shen Zhen Technology and Innovation Commission through(Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program,JCYJ20200109140801751)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(research fellow scheme RFS2021-6S05,RIF project R6021-18,CRF project C6023‐19G,GRF project 16310019,16310020,16309221,and 16309822)Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission(ITC‐CNERC14SC01)Foshan‐HKUST(Project NO.FSUST19‐CAT0202)Zhongshan Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(NO.ZSST20SC02)and Tencent Xplorer Prize。
文摘With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)construction strategies proposed and applied,its power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have come to a new level of over 19%in single-junction devices.However,previous studies are heavily based in chloroform(CF)leaving behind substantial knowledge deficiencies in understanding the influence of solvent choice when introducing a third component.Herein,we present a case where a newly designed asymmetric small molecular acceptor using fluoro-methoxylated end-group modification strategy,named BTP-BO-3FO with enlarged bandgap,brings different morphological evolution and performance improvement effect on host system PM6:BTP-eC9,processed by CF and ortho-xylene(o-XY).With detailed analyses supported by a series of experiments,the best PCE of 19.24%for green solvent-processed OSCs is found to be a fruit of finely tuned crystalline ordering and general aggregation motif,which furthermore nourishes a favorable charge generation and recombination behavior.Likewise,over 19%PCE can be achieved by replacing spin-coating with blade coating for active layer deposition.This work focuses on understanding the commonly met yet frequently ignored issues when building ternary blends to demonstrate cutting-edge device performance,hence,will be instructive to other ternary OSC works in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11991060, 12088101, 52172136, 12104035, and U2230402)。
文摘Transmutation is an efficient approach for material design. For example, ternary compound CuGaSe_(2) in chalcopyrite structure is a promising material for novel optoelectronic and thermoelectric device applications. It can be considered as formed from the binary host compound ZnSe in zinc-blende structure by cation transmutation(i.e., replacing two Zn atoms by one Cu and one Ga). While cation-transmutated materials are common, aniontransmutated ternary materials are rare, for example, Zn_(2)As Br(i.e., replacing two Se atoms by one As and one Br)is not reported. The physical origin for this puzzling disparity is unclear. In this work, we employ first-principles calculations to address this issue, and find that the distinct differences in stability between cation-transmutated(mix-cation) and anion-transmutated(mix-anion) compounds originate from their different trends of ionic radii as functions of their ionic state, i.e., for cations, the radius decreases with the increasing ionic state, whereas for anions, the radius increases with the increasing absolute ionic state. Therefore, for mix-cation compounds,the strain energy and Coulomb energy can be simultaneously optimized to make these materials stable. In contrast, for mix-anion systems, minimization of Coulomb energy will increase the strain energy, thus the system becomes unstable or less stable. Thus, the trend of decreasing strain energy and Coulomb energy is consistent in mix-cation compounds, while it is opposite in mix-anion compounds. Furthermore, the study suggests that the stability strategy for mix-anion compounds can be controlled by the ratio of ionic radii r3/r1, with a smaller ratio indicating greater stability. Our work, thus, elucidates the intrinsic stability trend of transmutated materials and provides guidelines for the design of novel ternary materials for various device applications.
基金the support from the NSFC (22209131, 22005121, 21875182, and 52173023)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0132400)+4 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi Province (2020TD-002)111 project 2.0 (BP0618008)Open Fund of Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications (Changzhou University, GDRGCS2022002)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education (Jiangxi Normal University, KFSEMC-202201)acquired at beamlines 7.3.3 and 11.0.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH11231
文摘Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE drop when the bladecoating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead,which hampers the practical development of OSCs.Here,a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused endgroup.Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering,NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity,packing patterns,and miscibility with polymeric donor.The studies exhibit that the molecular packing,crystallinity,and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed vip acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains,providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YRSeNF-based OSCs.As a result,a record-high PCE approaching 19%is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a greensolvent o-xylene with high-boiling point.Notably,ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep>80%of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h.Our alkyl-tailored vip acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs,which paves a way for industrial development.
基金financial support from the Guangzhou Municipal Government.
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are considered the ideal choice for high volumetric energy density lithium-ion batteries,but uncontrolled lithium deposition poses a significant challenge to the stability of such devices.In this paper,we introduce a 2.5μm-thick asymmetric and ultrastrong separator,which can induce tissue-like lithium deposits.The asymmetric separator,denoted by utPE@Cu_(2)O,was prepared by selective synthesis of Cu_(2)O nanoparticles on one of the outer surfaces of a nanofibrous(diameter~10 nm)ultrastrong ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)membrane.Microscopic analysis shows that the lithium deposits have tissue-like morphology,resulting in the symmetric lithium cells assembled using utPE@Cu_(2)O with symmetric Cu_(2)O coating exhibiting stable performance for over 2000 h of cycling.This work demonstrates the feasibility of a facile approach ultrathin separators for the deployment of lithium metal batteries,providing a pathway towards enhanced battery performance and safety.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023YFH0086, 2023YFH0085, 2023YFH0087 and 2023NSFSC0990)the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (sklpme2022-3-02 and sklpme2023-2-11)the Tibet Foreign Experts Program (2022wz002)
文摘Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(STOPVs)have gained wide attention owing to their promising applications in building-integrated photovoltaics,agrivoltaics,and floating photovoltaics.Organic semiconductors with high charge carrier mobility usually have planar and conjugated structures,thereby showing strong absorption in visible region.In this work,a new concept of incorporating transparent inorganic semiconductors is proposed for high-performance STOPVs.Copper(I)thiocyanate(CuSCN)is a visible-transparent inorganic semiconductor with an ionization potential of 5.45 eV and high hole mobility.The transparency of CuSCN benefits high average visible transmittance(AVT)of STOPVs.The energy levels of CuSCN as donor match those of near-infrared small molecule acceptor BTP-eC9,and the formed heterojunction exhibits an ability of exciton dissociation.High mobility of CuSCN contributes to a more favorable charge transport channel and suppresses charge recombination.The control STOPVs based on PM6/BTP-eC9 exhibit an AVT of 19.0%with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.7%.Partial replacement of PM6 with CuSCN leads to a 63%increase in transmittance,resulting in a higher AVT of 30.9%and a comparable PCE of 10.8%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22275058,U20A6002,21903017)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0705900)+4 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B15151-20008,2023A0505010003,2023A1515011500)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2019ZT08L075)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(2024J111)the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y202456587)the On Campus Research Projects at Guangzhou University(ZH2023005)。
文摘Fully non-fused electron acceptors(FNEAs)exhibit great potential as cost-effective electron acceptors for organic solar cells(OSCs).However,the device performance of FNEAs in OSCs is hindered by weak acceptor crystallinity associated with the rotation of carbon-carbon single bonds.Herein,we report the formation of strong molecular crystallinity of FNEAs and thus favorable fibril network morphology in blend films by finely optimizing the thermal annealing temperature.This favorable morphology not only enhanced the diffusion distance and dissociation efficiency of excitons in the acceptor phase,but also significantly boosted the electron mobility and carrier extraction rate.Consequently,a power conversion efficiency of 17.3%along with a short-circuit current density of 27.7 mA cm^(-2)are obtained,which are both the highest values for OSCs employing fully non-fused electron acceptors.These results demonstrate promising prospects and provide valuable insights for achieving high-efficiency OSCs using low-cost FNEAs.
基金the support from the Poly U Distinguished Postdoc Fellowship(1-YW4C)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515012147)+8 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404480,12274303)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20240813113238050,JCYJ20240813113306008)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Applied Technologies of Super-Diamond and Functional Crystals(ZDSYS20230626091303007)for the supportthe Guangdong S&T Program(2022B1212040001)the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory(2023B1212120003)for the supportthe Guangdong Government and the Guangzhou Government(2021QN02C110)the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project(2023A03J0097,2023A03J0003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(52303249)for the supportfunding by the Federal Institute for Research on Building,Urban Affairs and Spatial Development on behalf of the Federal Ministry of the Interior,Building and Community with funds from the Zukunft Bau Research Program under grant“Nachhaltige Sonnenschutzsysteme aus hochfester Zellulose zur Umwandlung von Sonnenenergie”。
文摘The development of power conversion efficiency(PCE)for organic solar cells(OSCs)based on polymer donors with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]-difuran building block is slower than that of those based on benzodithiophene due to uncontrollable aggregation behavior.However,the former is expected to be more promising in realizing environmentally friendly and high-performance devices.Thereby,a smart aggregation tuning strategy is needed for boosting the efficiency of this type of OSCs.Here we report solid additives designed by self-imitation strategy,which aims to control the aggregation of the donor D18-Fu,and regulate the domain expansion of the acceptor L8-BO.Three oligomeric additives,with or without halogenation,can uniformly reduce the energy loss and enhance charge generation compared to an additive-free control device.This improvement is demonstrated through a series of morphological characterizations,photophysical analyses and theoretical simulations,indicating strong interaction between additive molecules and donor&acceptor.As a result,a 19%PCE is reported in binary OSCs,which also represents the highest level for devices based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]-difuran core contained polymer donor.Apart from high performance,our study provides new insights into manipulating the competition between the donor and acceptor's pure phase formation through new additive design methods.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21805097)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2021B1515120073)+6 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Foundation(2022A0505050068)Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(C4005-22YRGC Senior Research Fellowship Scheme(SRFS2223-5S01))the support from the Poly U Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship(1-YW4C)the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52303249)the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2021QN02C110)the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Projects(2023A03J0097,2023A03J0003,2024A04J4513)。
文摘In this paper,an alkyl-chain-linked strategy is employed to synthesize a dimeric acceptor,DPhC8Y,which achieves simultaneous enhancements in device efficiency and stability while also exhibiting an unprecedentedly high production yield compared to other“giant molecular acceptors”for organic solar cells(OSCs).Compared to the monomer DTY6,DPhC8Y contains improved crystalline ordering and refined phase separation,thereby reducing non-radiative loss,suppressing bulk and interface recombination,and decreasing trap density.On the other hand,the dimer acceptor possesses an intrinsically higher glass transition point.Through performance evaluation,the binary device of D18:DPhC8Y blend demonstrates 19.50%efficiency with remarkably over 80%fill factor(FF),surpassing those of D18:DTY6(18.25%and 76.42%).Meanwhile,the dimer-based active layer displays significantly enhanced storage and thermal stability in the device.Our report showcases the possibility of achieving OSCs with concurrent decent efficiency,stability,and cost-effectiveness through smart material and synthesis design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.32201020)the general program(grant no.2023A04J0083)+1 种基金the Guangzhou–HKUST(GZ)joint funding program(grant no.2023A03J0060)of Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Projectfunded by the Municipal Key Laboratory Construction Program of Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project(grant no.2023A03J0003).
文摘The organized three-dimensional chromosome architecture in the cell nucleus provides scaffolding for precise regulation of gene expression.When the cell changes its identity in the cell-fate decision-making process,extensive rearrangements of chromo-some structures occur accompanied by large-scale adaptations of gene expression,underscoring the importance of chromosome dynamics in shaping genome function.Over the last two decades,rapid development of experimental methods has provided unprecedented data to characterize the hierarchical structures and dynamic properties of chromosomes.In parallel,these enormous data offer valuable opportunities for developing quantitative computational models.Here,we review a variety of large-scale polymer models developed to investigate the structures and dynamics of chromosomes.Different from the underlying modeling strategies,these approaches can be classified into data-driven(‘top-down’)and physics-based(‘bottom-up’)categories.We discuss their contributions to offering valuable insights into the relationships among the structures,dynamics,and functions of chromosomes and propose the perspective of developing data integration approaches from different experimental technologies and multidisciplinary theoretical/simulation methods combined with different modeling strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22279114,52473197,52273199,52321165650,and 52394274)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant nos.226-2024-00005 and 226-2024-00056).
文摘The A-D-A and A-D-A'-D-A molecular skeletons of nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)establish the success in realizing high-efficiency organic photovoltaics(OPVs),while the C=C bond between D and A moieties stands as a critical weakness for long-term stability.Herein,we report that by developing trichlorinated cyanoindone as A terminal,the resulting NFA denoted S-5Cl could resist both photodegradation with an increased rotational energy barrier and thermo-diffusion with the elevated glass transition temperature,which was further supported by tighter molecular stacking in the single crystal of S-5Cl.These features,thus,allow the S-5Cl-based binary OPV to possess 2–4 times longer lifetimes under heat(T_(80))or light(T_(70))stresses than the counterpart based on the NFA with dichlorinated terminal.Such advantages were inherited by the S-5Cl-based ternary device.Moreover,S-5Cl enabled a good efficiency of 17.66%with a remarkable fill factor of 81.69%for binary OPV and a much better efficiency of 19.25%for the ternary device.Therefore,our work indicates that tailoring the terminal groups for more condensed molecular arrangements of NFAs is a feasible route to highly efficient and stable OPVs.
