The valorization of Amazonian wood residues into active chemical compounds could be an eco-friendly,cost-effective and valuable way to develop wood preservative formulations to enhance the decay and termite resistance...The valorization of Amazonian wood residues into active chemical compounds could be an eco-friendly,cost-effective and valuable way to develop wood preservative formulations to enhance the decay and termite resistance of low-durable wood species.Wacapou(Vouacapoua americana.,Fabaceae)is a well-known Guianese wood spe-cies commonly used in local wood construction due to its outstanding natural durability,which results from the presence of a large panel of extractives compounds.In addition,its industrial processing generates large amounts of residues.Wacapou residues were extracted by maceration using four different solvents(water/ethanol,ethyl acetate,hexane and dichloromethane/methanol),separately and successively.The yield of each extractive fraction was determined,and their chemical compositions were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS).Ethyl acetate led to the highest extraction yield,and the active compounds were identified in the obtained extractive fraction.In this sense,the fungicidal and termite-repellent properties of these extractives were then tested using a screening laboratory(with temperate and tropical microorganisms),according to the solution concentration(1%,2.5%,5%,8%and 10%).Finally,Virola michelii Heckel wood samples(low durable species)were impregnated with the 8%concentration solution.The impregnated wood samples were then exposed to a soil bed test.The results highlighted that the nature of the solvent used during wood maceration affects the con-tent of the obtained extractive fractions.Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS)analyses showed the influence of extraction parameters on the nature of the extracted molecules.Wacapou extracts(from ethyl acetate maceration)showed good anti-fungal and anti-termite activities.Additionally,the concentration in extractives had an impact on the anti-termite activity level for Reti-culitermesflavipes and Cryptotermes sp.Formulations based on Wacapou extractives showed a good potential for valorization in eco-friendly preservatives,aiming to confer better durability to local low-durability wood species.展开更多
Mechanical alterations in shale formations due to exposure to water-based fracturing fluids and supercritical carbon dioxide(ScCO_(2))significantly affect the performance of shale gas exploration and CO_(2) geo-seques...Mechanical alterations in shale formations due to exposure to water-based fracturing fluids and supercritical carbon dioxide(ScCO_(2))significantly affect the performance of shale gas exploration and CO_(2) geo-sequestration.In this study,a hydrothermal(HT)reaction system was set up to treat Longmaxi shale samples of varying mineralogies(carbonate-,clay-,and quartz-rich)with different fluids,i.e.deionized(DI)water,2%potassium chloride(KCl)solution,and ScCO_(2) under HT conditions expected in shale formation.Statistical micro-indentation was conducted to characterize the mechanical property alterations caused by the shale-fluid interactions.An in situ morphological and mineralogical identification technique that combines scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and backscattered electron(BSE)imaging with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)was used to analyze the microstructural and mineralogical changes of the treated shale samples.Results show no apparent changes in the Young's modulus,E,and hardness,H,after treatment with DI water under room temperature(20℃)and atmospheric pressure for 7 d.In contrast,E and H were decreased by 31.2%and 37.5%at elevated temperature(80℃)and pressure(8 MPa),respectively.The addition of 2%KCl into DI water mitigated degradation of the mechanical properties.Quartz-rich shale specimens are the least sensitive to the water-based fracturing fluids,followed by the clay-rich and carbonate-rich shale formations.Based on in situ morphological and mineralogical identification,the primary factors for the mechanical degradation induced by water-based fluids include carbonate dissolution,clay swelling,and pyrite oxidation.Slight increases in the measured E and H and compression of porous clay aggregates were observed after treatment with ScCO_(2).The major factor contributing to the mechanical changes resulting from the exposure to scCO_(2) appears to be the competition between swelling caused by adsorption and compression of shale matrix.展开更多
Reedbeds are crucial breeding habitats for vulnerable songbird species.Irrespective of their protection status,these habitats may be threatened by organic matter accumulation,progressively leading to structural homoge...Reedbeds are crucial breeding habitats for vulnerable songbird species.Irrespective of their protection status,these habitats may be threatened by organic matter accumulation,progressively leading to structural homoge-nization and habitat succession towards woodland.Managers prevent excessive litter build-up with various in-terventions opening-up the reedbeds,such as grazing,which may be detrimental or suitable for some reed bird species.We assessed the effects of extensive grazing by horses and its cessation in the medium and long terms on reedbed structure,and the consequences on reed-nesting songbird densities in Estagnol Nature Reserve,a pro-tected wetland near the French Mediterranean coast.We compared reedbed structural features between grazed,newly ungrazed and old-ungrazed plots.During nine years,we censused four songbird species in spring and collected water level data in the same survey plots.Grazing reduced reedbed extent,rejuvenated the vegetation with more short green stems on a thinner litter,and produced higher structural heterogeneity and discontinuity compared to long-lasting non grazing.Newly ungrazed plot showed intermediate effects.All surveyed songbird total densities were similar among plots while species numbers and densities differed.Grazed reedbed was more attractive to Moustached Warblers(Acrocephalus melanopogon)and Great Reed Warblers(Acrocephalus arundi-naceus),likely due to the large edges and the high vegetation structural heterogeneity.However,Moustached Warblers were more negatively affected by higher water level in grazed reedbed,presumably because flooding prevents litter foraging.The newly ungrazed reedbed was not preferred by any species.All warbler species were found under low density in the old-ungrazed reedbed,where Reed Buntings(Emberiza schoeniclus)were exclu-sively found.Food availability related to thick litter layer may explain this predilection.Common Reed Warblers(Acrocephalus scirpaceus)were found everywhere in similar densities.We conclude that reedbed management by extensive horse grazing and also its long-term cessation may benefit several songbird species.Within a context of wetland degradation and disappearance,both management strategies are useful to establish and maintain suitable habitats for reed-nesting songbird communities.展开更多
The posttreatment period is a key part of the management of pediatric cancer.During this time,school and psychological difficulties have been described in childhood cancer survivors(CCS)and can be prognostic for the s...The posttreatment period is a key part of the management of pediatric cancer.During this time,school and psychological difficulties have been described in childhood cancer survivors(CCS)and can be prognostic for the success of social reintegration.This study estimated the influence of the household’s socioeconomic status(SES)on these psychosocial difficulties.This study is based on a prospective multicentric database and focused on children who received a psychosocial evaluation during their follow-up from 2013 to 2020.We retrieved data on school and psychological difficulties.Household SES was estimated by a social deprivation score.Data from1003 patients were analyzed.School difficulties were noted in 22%of CCS.A greater social deprivation was significantly associated with school difficulty.Tumor relapse,treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,and central nervous system(CNS)tumors remained significant risk factors.In the subgroup of CNS tumors,school difficulties were increased and associated with greater social deprivation.Psychological difficulties were not associated with the deprivation score.There is a link between SES and school difficulties in CCS.Further investigations should be carried out for children with CNS tumors,which is the population of the greatest concern.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer＇s, Parkinson＇s and Huntington＇s diseases, are all character- ized by a component of innate immunity called neuroinflammation. Neuronal loss and neuroinflammation are tw...Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer＇s, Parkinson＇s and Huntington＇s diseases, are all character- ized by a component of innate immunity called neuroinflammation. Neuronal loss and neuroinflammation are two phenomena closely linked. Hence, the neuroinflammation is a relevant target for the management of the neurodegenerative diseases given that, to date, there is no treatment to stop neuronal loss. Several studies have investigated the potential effects of activators of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. These receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system. After activation, they seem to mediate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the brain. This anti-inflammatory pathway, first described in periphery, regulates activation of microglial cells considered as the resident macrophage population of the central nervous system. In this article, we shortly review the agonists of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that have been evaluated in vivo and we focused on the selective positive allosteric modulators of these receptors. These compounds represent a key element to enhance receptor activity only in the presence of the endogenous agonist.展开更多
In this paper,experimental findings concerning the kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution are compared to corresponding clinical data.Although not clearly apparent,the transplantation practice seems to confirm the b...In this paper,experimental findings concerning the kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution are compared to corresponding clinical data.Although not clearly apparent,the transplantation practice seems to confirm the basic proposals of experimental hematology concerning hematopoietic reconstitution resulting from successive waves of repopulation stemming from different subpopulations of progenitor and stem cells.One of the "f irst rate" parameters in clinical transplantations in hematology;i.e.the CD34+ positive cell dose,has been discussed with respect to the functional heterogeneity and variability of cell populations endowed by expression of CD34.This parameter is useful only if the relative proportion of stem and progenitor cells in the CD34+ cell population is more or less maintained in a series of patients or donors.This proportion could vary with respect to the source,pathology,treatment,processing procedure,the graft ex vivo treatment and so on.Therefore,a universal dose of CD34+ cells cannot be def ined.In addition,to avoid further confusion,the CD34+ cells should not be named "stem cells" or "progenitor cells" since these denominations only concern functionally characterized cell entities.展开更多
BACKGROUND The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) relies of chemotherapy. The efficacy of the standard FOLFIRI-therapy could be improved by a modification of the regimen by splitting the dose of irinoteca...BACKGROUND The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) relies of chemotherapy. The efficacy of the standard FOLFIRI-therapy could be improved by a modification of the regimen by splitting the dose of irinotecan on day 1 and day 3 in the FOLFIRI3 regimen.AIM To determine safety and efficacy of FOLFIRI3 regimen.METHODS This is a monocentric retrospective study evaluating the efficacy and safety of the FOLFIRI3 regimen given alone or in combination with bevacizumab or aflibercept in patients with previously treated mCRC.RESULTS One hundred and fifty-three consecutive patients were included(18 treated with FOLFIRI3, 99 with FOLFIRI3 plus bevacizumab and 36 with FOLFIRI3 plus aflibercept). The overall response rate(ORR) and disease control rate were 51%and 62%, respectively. Similar ORRs were observed in all 3 cohorts. Median progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) were 3.9 mo(95%CI:3.2-4.9) and 9.4 mo(95%CI: 6.6-12), respectively. Median PFS and OS values were improved in the FOLFIRI3 plus aflibercept group. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were diarrhoea(21.6%) and neutropenia(11.8%), and these toxicities were more frequent in the FOLFIRI3 plus aflibercept group. According to the multivariate Cox proportional model, previous surgery of metastasis andaflibercept were associated with outcomes.CONCLUSION The modification of the FOLFIRI regimen impacted treatment response of mCRC patients. The addition of an antiangiogenic agent, in particular aflibercept,enhanced the clinical benefit and improved survival.展开更多
Recently, the rarely reported tet(31) tetracycline resistance determinant was commonly found in Aeromonas salmonicida, Gallibacterium anatis, and Oblitimonas alkaliphila isolated from farming animals and related envir...Recently, the rarely reported tet(31) tetracycline resistance determinant was commonly found in Aeromonas salmonicida, Gallibacterium anatis, and Oblitimonas alkaliphila isolated from farming animals and related environment. However, its distribution in other bacteria and potential molecular dissemination mechanism in environment are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism underlying dissemination of tet(31) by analysing the tet(31)-carrying fragments in A. caviae strains isolated from an aerobic biofilm reactor treating oxytetracycline bearing wastewater. Twenty-three A. caviae strains were screened for the tet(31) gene by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Three strains(two harbouring tet(31), one not) were subjected to whole genome sequencing using the PacBio RSII platform. Seventeen A. caviae strains carried the tet(31) gene and exhibited high resistance levels to oxytetracycline with minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)ranging from 256 to 512 mg/L. tet(31) was comprised of the transposon Tn6432 on the chromosome of A. caviae, and Tn6432 was also found in 15 additional tet(31)-positive A. caviae isolates by PCR. More important, Tn6432 was located on an integrative conjugative element(ICE)-like element, which could mediate the dissemination of the tet(31)-carrying transposon Tn6432 between bacteria. Comparative analysis demonstrated that Tn6432 homologs with the structure ISCR2-ΔphzF-tetR(31)-tet(31)-ΔglmM-sul2 were also carried by A. salmonicida, G. anatis, and O. alkaliphila, suggesting that this transposon can be transferred between species and even genera. This work provides the first report on the identification of the tet(31) gene in A. caviae, and will be helpful in exploring the dissemination mechanisms of tet(31) in water environment.展开更多
We previously demonstrated the safety and efficacy of fluoroquinolone-macrolide combination therapy in category Ⅱ chronic bacterial prostatitis （CBP）. The aim of this study is to retrospectively compare the microbi...We previously demonstrated the safety and efficacy of fluoroquinolone-macrolide combination therapy in category Ⅱ chronic bacterial prostatitis （CBP）. The aim of this study is to retrospectively compare the microbiological and clinical findings of two treatment schemes for CBP based on the combination of azithromycin （500 rag, thrice-weekly） with a once-daily 500- or 750-mg dose of ciprofloxacin （Cipro-500 or Cipro-750 cohort, respectively）. Combined administration of azithromycin （1500 mg week^-1） with ciprofloxacin at the rate of 750 mg day^- 1 for 4 weeks rather than at 500 mg day^- 1 for 6 weeks increased the eradication rates from 62.35% to 77.32% and the total bacteriological success from 71.76% to 85.57%. A significant decrease in pain and voiding signs/symptoms and a significant reduction in inflammatory leukocyte counts and serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） were sustained throughout an 18-month follow-up period in both groups. Ejaculatory pain, haemospermia and premature ejaculation were significantly attenuated on microbiological eradication in both groups, but the latter subsided more promptly in the Cipro-750 cohort. In total, 59 Cipro-750 patients showed mild-to-severe erectile dysfunction （ED） at baseline, while 22 patients had no ED on microbiological eradication and throughout the follow-up period. In conclusion fluoroquinolone-macrolide therapy resulted in pathogen eradication and CBP symptom attenuation, including pain, voiding disturbances and sexual dysfunction. A once-daily 750-mg dose of ciprofloxacin for 4 weeks showed enhanced eradication rates and lower inflammatory white blood cell counts compared to the 500-mg dose for 6 weeks. Our results are open to further prospective validation.展开更多
The ability of CD4 T cells to differentiate into various effector or regulatory T cell subsets explains the successful adaptation of immune responses to different types of infectious pathogens. Immune responses in the...The ability of CD4 T cells to differentiate into various effector or regulatory T cell subsets explains the successful adaptation of immune responses to different types of infectious pathogens. Immune responses in the context of cancer are also shaped by CD4 T cells, which can directly affect cancer prognosis in patients. While the proinflammatory mediator interleukin(IL)-1β was initially shown to enhance Th2 cell responses, recent findings support a predominant role of two other members of the IL-1 family, IL-18 and IL-33, on the production of Th1 and Th2-derived cytokines. In addition, IL-1β was found to profoundly affect the biology of two recently identified CD4 T cell subsets, Th17 and Th9 cells. IL-1β is critical for Th17 cell differentiation and it enhances the production of IL-9 and IL-21 by Th9 cells, thus increasing their anticancer properties. We will here review the mechanisms accounting for the ability of IL-1 cytokines to affect the differentiation of CD4 effector T cells with a focus on Th17 and Th9 cells. The physiopathological relevance of IL-1-driven effects on CD4 T cells will also be discussed.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the modified FOLFIRI3-aflibercept as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS This is a retrospective multicenter cohort, evaluating the effi...AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the modified FOLFIRI3-aflibercept as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS This is a retrospective multicenter cohort, evaluating the efficacy and safety of the association of aflibercept with FOLFIRI3(day 1: aflibercept 4 mg/kg, folinic acid 400 mg/m^2, irinotecan 90 mg/m^2, 5-fluorouracil infusion 2400 mg/m^2 per 46 h; day 3: irinotecan 90 mg/m^2) in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. The primary endpoint was overall response rate(ORR). Secondary endpoints were disease control rate(DCR), progression-free survival(PFS), overall survival(OS), and safety.RESULTS Among 74 patients treated in four French centers, nine were excluded due to prior use of aflibercept(n = 3), more than one prior treatment line in irinotecanna?ve patients(n = 3), and inadequate liver function(n = 3). In the "irinotecan-na?ve" patients(n = 30), ORR was 43.3% and DCR was 76.7%. Median PFS and OS were 11.3 mo(95%CI: 6.1-29.0) and 17.0 mo(95%CI: 13.0-17.3), respectively. The most common(> 5%) grade 3-4 adverse events were diarrhea(37.9%), neutropenia(14.3%), stomatitis and anemia(10.4%), and hypertension(6.7%). In the "pre-exposed irinotecan" patients(n = 35), 20(57.1%) received ≥ 2 prior lines of treatment. ORR was 34.3% and DCR was 60.0%. Median PFS and OS were 5.7 mo(95%CI: 3.9-10.4) and 14.3 mo(95%CI: 12.8-19.5), respectively.CONCLUSION Minimally modified FOLFIRI has improvement dramatically the FOLFIRI3-aflibercept efficacy, whatever prior use of irinotecan. A prospective randomized trial is warranted to compare FOLFIRI-aflibercept to FOLFIRI3-aflibercept.展开更多
AIM： Platelet-activating factor （PAF） is a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic lipid mediator. Here we aimed to investigate levels of PAF, lyso-PAF （the PAF precursor）, phospholipase A2 （PLA2, the enzymatic activity...AIM： Platelet-activating factor （PAF） is a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic lipid mediator. Here we aimed to investigate levels of PAF, lyso-PAF （the PAF precursor）, phospholipase A2 （PLA2, the enzymatic activity generating lyso-PAF）, acetylhydrolase activity （AHA, the PAF degrading enzyme） and PAF receptor （PAF-R） transcripts in cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. METHODS： Twenty-nine patients with HCC were enrolled in this study. Cirrhosis was present in fourteen patients and seven had no liver disease. Tissue PAF levels were investigated by a platelet-aggregation assay. Lyso- PAF was assessed after its chemical acetylation into PAR AHA was determined by degradation of [^3H]-PAE PLA2 levels were assessed by EIA. PAF-R transcripts were investigated using RT-PCR. RESULTS： Elevated amounts of PAF and PAF-R transcripts 1 （leukocyte-type） were found in cirrhotic tissues as compared with non-cirrhotic ones. Higher amounts of PAF and PAF-R transcripts 1 and 2 （tissue-type） were found in HCC tissues as compared with non-tumor tissues. PLA2, lyso-PAF and AHA levels were not changed in cirrhotic tissues and HCC. CONCLUSION： While the role of PAF is currently unknown in liver physiology, this study suggests its potential involvement in the inflammatory network found in the cirrhotic liver and in the angiogenic response during HCC.展开更多
Underwater gliders are recent innovative types of autonomous underwater vehicles （AUVs） used in ocean exploration and observation. They adjust their buoyancy to dive and to return to the ocean surface. During the ch...Underwater gliders are recent innovative types of autonomous underwater vehicles （AUVs） used in ocean exploration and observation. They adjust their buoyancy to dive and to return to the ocean surface. During the change of altitude, they use the hydrodynamic forces developed by their wings to move forward. Their flights are controlled by changing the position of their centers of gravity and their buoyancy to adjust their trim and heel angles. For better flight control, the understanding of the hydrodynamic behavior and the flight mechanics of the underwater glider is necessary. A 6-DOF motion simulator is coupled with an unsteady potential flow model for this purpose. In some specific cases, the numerical study demonstrates that an inappropriate stabilizer dimension can cause counter-steering behavior. The simulator can be used to improve the automatic flight control. It can also be used for the hydrodynamic design optimization of the devices.展开更多
Systematic understanding on the magnetic field intensity dependent microstructure evolution and re-crystallization behavior in a Co-B eutectic alloy under a constant undercooling(ΔT≈100 K)were carried out.Absent of ...Systematic understanding on the magnetic field intensity dependent microstructure evolution and re-crystallization behavior in a Co-B eutectic alloy under a constant undercooling(ΔT≈100 K)were carried out.Absent of the magnetic field,the comparable size of divorced FCC-Co and Co_(3)B eutectic ellipsoidal grains coexist with a few regular lamellas.When the magnetic field is less than 15 T,the elongated primary FCC-Co dendrites parallel to the magnetic field with the dispersed FCC-Co nano-particles em-bedded within the Co_(3)B matrix occupy the inter-dendrite regions.Once the magnetic field increases to 20 T,the FCC-Co/Co_(2)B anomalous eutectic colonies dominate.The formation mechanism of Co_(2)B phase is discussed from several aspects of the competitive nucleation,the chemical redistribution induced by the thermomagnetic-induced convection and magnetic dipole interaction,and the strain-induced trans-formation.Furthermore,the application of magnetic field is found to promote recrystallization,proved by the lower density of misorientation,the appearance of FCC-Co annealed twins and more Co_(3)B sub-grains.This work could further enrich our knowledge about the magnetic-dependent microstructure evolution and recrystallization process in the undercooled Co-B system and provide guidance for controlling the microstructures and properties under extreme conditions.展开更多
基金PROTEXTWOOD (ID 2202-102) funded through LabEx AGRO ANR-10-LABX-0001-01 (under ISiteUniversité de Montpellier framework)the project PANTHER2-Guyane funded through AgenceNationale de la Recherche (ANR-22-CE43-0019)+2 种基金“Investissement d’Avenir” grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01)supported by the FEDER (European Regional Development Fund)research project “EcovaloBois” (Project number: GY0015430)by the CNRS peps INSIS2018 research project “GuyavaloFibres”.
文摘The valorization of Amazonian wood residues into active chemical compounds could be an eco-friendly,cost-effective and valuable way to develop wood preservative formulations to enhance the decay and termite resistance of low-durable wood species.Wacapou(Vouacapoua americana.,Fabaceae)is a well-known Guianese wood spe-cies commonly used in local wood construction due to its outstanding natural durability,which results from the presence of a large panel of extractives compounds.In addition,its industrial processing generates large amounts of residues.Wacapou residues were extracted by maceration using four different solvents(water/ethanol,ethyl acetate,hexane and dichloromethane/methanol),separately and successively.The yield of each extractive fraction was determined,and their chemical compositions were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS).Ethyl acetate led to the highest extraction yield,and the active compounds were identified in the obtained extractive fraction.In this sense,the fungicidal and termite-repellent properties of these extractives were then tested using a screening laboratory(with temperate and tropical microorganisms),according to the solution concentration(1%,2.5%,5%,8%and 10%).Finally,Virola michelii Heckel wood samples(low durable species)were impregnated with the 8%concentration solution.The impregnated wood samples were then exposed to a soil bed test.The results highlighted that the nature of the solvent used during wood maceration affects the con-tent of the obtained extractive fractions.Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS)analyses showed the influence of extraction parameters on the nature of the extracted molecules.Wacapou extracts(from ethyl acetate maceration)showed good anti-fungal and anti-termite activities.Additionally,the concentration in extractives had an impact on the anti-termite activity level for Reti-culitermesflavipes and Cryptotermes sp.Formulations based on Wacapou extractives showed a good potential for valorization in eco-friendly preservatives,aiming to confer better durability to local low-durability wood species.
基金funded by the Open Research Fund Programof State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering(Project Number:sklhse-2023-D-04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51979144,51661165015,and 51323014).
文摘Mechanical alterations in shale formations due to exposure to water-based fracturing fluids and supercritical carbon dioxide(ScCO_(2))significantly affect the performance of shale gas exploration and CO_(2) geo-sequestration.In this study,a hydrothermal(HT)reaction system was set up to treat Longmaxi shale samples of varying mineralogies(carbonate-,clay-,and quartz-rich)with different fluids,i.e.deionized(DI)water,2%potassium chloride(KCl)solution,and ScCO_(2) under HT conditions expected in shale formation.Statistical micro-indentation was conducted to characterize the mechanical property alterations caused by the shale-fluid interactions.An in situ morphological and mineralogical identification technique that combines scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and backscattered electron(BSE)imaging with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)was used to analyze the microstructural and mineralogical changes of the treated shale samples.Results show no apparent changes in the Young's modulus,E,and hardness,H,after treatment with DI water under room temperature(20℃)and atmospheric pressure for 7 d.In contrast,E and H were decreased by 31.2%and 37.5%at elevated temperature(80℃)and pressure(8 MPa),respectively.The addition of 2%KCl into DI water mitigated degradation of the mechanical properties.Quartz-rich shale specimens are the least sensitive to the water-based fracturing fluids,followed by the clay-rich and carbonate-rich shale formations.Based on in situ morphological and mineralogical identification,the primary factors for the mechanical degradation induced by water-based fluids include carbonate dissolution,clay swelling,and pyrite oxidation.Slight increases in the measured E and H and compression of porous clay aggregates were observed after treatment with ScCO_(2).The major factor contributing to the mechanical changes resulting from the exposure to scCO_(2) appears to be the competition between swelling caused by adsorption and compression of shale matrix.
基金supported by the French Ministry of Ecological Transition through the Direction Regionale de l’Environnement,de l’Amenagement et du Logement d’Occitanie,the Office Francais de la Biodiversite,and the Conservatoire d’Espaces Naturels d’Occitanie.
文摘Reedbeds are crucial breeding habitats for vulnerable songbird species.Irrespective of their protection status,these habitats may be threatened by organic matter accumulation,progressively leading to structural homoge-nization and habitat succession towards woodland.Managers prevent excessive litter build-up with various in-terventions opening-up the reedbeds,such as grazing,which may be detrimental or suitable for some reed bird species.We assessed the effects of extensive grazing by horses and its cessation in the medium and long terms on reedbed structure,and the consequences on reed-nesting songbird densities in Estagnol Nature Reserve,a pro-tected wetland near the French Mediterranean coast.We compared reedbed structural features between grazed,newly ungrazed and old-ungrazed plots.During nine years,we censused four songbird species in spring and collected water level data in the same survey plots.Grazing reduced reedbed extent,rejuvenated the vegetation with more short green stems on a thinner litter,and produced higher structural heterogeneity and discontinuity compared to long-lasting non grazing.Newly ungrazed plot showed intermediate effects.All surveyed songbird total densities were similar among plots while species numbers and densities differed.Grazed reedbed was more attractive to Moustached Warblers(Acrocephalus melanopogon)and Great Reed Warblers(Acrocephalus arundi-naceus),likely due to the large edges and the high vegetation structural heterogeneity.However,Moustached Warblers were more negatively affected by higher water level in grazed reedbed,presumably because flooding prevents litter foraging.The newly ungrazed reedbed was not preferred by any species.All warbler species were found under low density in the old-ungrazed reedbed,where Reed Buntings(Emberiza schoeniclus)were exclu-sively found.Food availability related to thick litter layer may explain this predilection.Common Reed Warblers(Acrocephalus scirpaceus)were found everywhere in similar densities.We conclude that reedbed management by extensive horse grazing and also its long-term cessation may benefit several songbird species.Within a context of wetland degradation and disappearance,both management strategies are useful to establish and maintain suitable habitats for reed-nesting songbird communities.
基金supported by a grant from SFCE INCa (Institut National du Cancer)GOCE (Grand Ouest Cancer de l’Enfant).
文摘The posttreatment period is a key part of the management of pediatric cancer.During this time,school and psychological difficulties have been described in childhood cancer survivors(CCS)and can be prognostic for the success of social reintegration.This study estimated the influence of the household’s socioeconomic status(SES)on these psychosocial difficulties.This study is based on a prospective multicentric database and focused on children who received a psychosocial evaluation during their follow-up from 2013 to 2020.We retrieved data on school and psychological difficulties.Household SES was estimated by a social deprivation score.Data from1003 patients were analyzed.School difficulties were noted in 22%of CCS.A greater social deprivation was significantly associated with school difficulty.Tumor relapse,treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,and central nervous system(CNS)tumors remained significant risk factors.In the subgroup of CNS tumors,school difficulties were increased and associated with greater social deprivation.Psychological difficulties were not associated with the deprivation score.There is a link between SES and school difficulties in CCS.Further investigations should be carried out for children with CNS tumors,which is the population of the greatest concern.
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer＇s, Parkinson＇s and Huntington＇s diseases, are all character- ized by a component of innate immunity called neuroinflammation. Neuronal loss and neuroinflammation are two phenomena closely linked. Hence, the neuroinflammation is a relevant target for the management of the neurodegenerative diseases given that, to date, there is no treatment to stop neuronal loss. Several studies have investigated the potential effects of activators of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. These receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system. After activation, they seem to mediate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the brain. This anti-inflammatory pathway, first described in periphery, regulates activation of microglial cells considered as the resident macrophage population of the central nervous system. In this article, we shortly review the agonists of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that have been evaluated in vivo and we focused on the selective positive allosteric modulators of these receptors. These compounds represent a key element to enhance receptor activity only in the presence of the endogenous agonist.
文摘In this paper,experimental findings concerning the kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution are compared to corresponding clinical data.Although not clearly apparent,the transplantation practice seems to confirm the basic proposals of experimental hematology concerning hematopoietic reconstitution resulting from successive waves of repopulation stemming from different subpopulations of progenitor and stem cells.One of the "f irst rate" parameters in clinical transplantations in hematology;i.e.the CD34+ positive cell dose,has been discussed with respect to the functional heterogeneity and variability of cell populations endowed by expression of CD34.This parameter is useful only if the relative proportion of stem and progenitor cells in the CD34+ cell population is more or less maintained in a series of patients or donors.This proportion could vary with respect to the source,pathology,treatment,processing procedure,the graft ex vivo treatment and so on.Therefore,a universal dose of CD34+ cells cannot be def ined.In addition,to avoid further confusion,the CD34+ cells should not be named "stem cells" or "progenitor cells" since these denominations only concern functionally characterized cell entities.
文摘BACKGROUND The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) relies of chemotherapy. The efficacy of the standard FOLFIRI-therapy could be improved by a modification of the regimen by splitting the dose of irinotecan on day 1 and day 3 in the FOLFIRI3 regimen.AIM To determine safety and efficacy of FOLFIRI3 regimen.METHODS This is a monocentric retrospective study evaluating the efficacy and safety of the FOLFIRI3 regimen given alone or in combination with bevacizumab or aflibercept in patients with previously treated mCRC.RESULTS One hundred and fifty-three consecutive patients were included(18 treated with FOLFIRI3, 99 with FOLFIRI3 plus bevacizumab and 36 with FOLFIRI3 plus aflibercept). The overall response rate(ORR) and disease control rate were 51%and 62%, respectively. Similar ORRs were observed in all 3 cohorts. Median progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) were 3.9 mo(95%CI:3.2-4.9) and 9.4 mo(95%CI: 6.6-12), respectively. Median PFS and OS values were improved in the FOLFIRI3 plus aflibercept group. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were diarrhoea(21.6%) and neutropenia(11.8%), and these toxicities were more frequent in the FOLFIRI3 plus aflibercept group. According to the multivariate Cox proportional model, previous surgery of metastasis andaflibercept were associated with outcomes.CONCLUSION The modification of the FOLFIRI regimen impacted treatment response of mCRC patients. The addition of an antiangiogenic agent, in particular aflibercept,enhanced the clinical benefit and improved survival.
基金supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (No.21437005)
文摘Recently, the rarely reported tet(31) tetracycline resistance determinant was commonly found in Aeromonas salmonicida, Gallibacterium anatis, and Oblitimonas alkaliphila isolated from farming animals and related environment. However, its distribution in other bacteria and potential molecular dissemination mechanism in environment are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism underlying dissemination of tet(31) by analysing the tet(31)-carrying fragments in A. caviae strains isolated from an aerobic biofilm reactor treating oxytetracycline bearing wastewater. Twenty-three A. caviae strains were screened for the tet(31) gene by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Three strains(two harbouring tet(31), one not) were subjected to whole genome sequencing using the PacBio RSII platform. Seventeen A. caviae strains carried the tet(31) gene and exhibited high resistance levels to oxytetracycline with minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)ranging from 256 to 512 mg/L. tet(31) was comprised of the transposon Tn6432 on the chromosome of A. caviae, and Tn6432 was also found in 15 additional tet(31)-positive A. caviae isolates by PCR. More important, Tn6432 was located on an integrative conjugative element(ICE)-like element, which could mediate the dissemination of the tet(31)-carrying transposon Tn6432 between bacteria. Comparative analysis demonstrated that Tn6432 homologs with the structure ISCR2-ΔphzF-tetR(31)-tet(31)-ΔglmM-sul2 were also carried by A. salmonicida, G. anatis, and O. alkaliphila, suggesting that this transposon can be transferred between species and even genera. This work provides the first report on the identification of the tet(31) gene in A. caviae, and will be helpful in exploring the dissemination mechanisms of tet(31) in water environment.
文摘We previously demonstrated the safety and efficacy of fluoroquinolone-macrolide combination therapy in category Ⅱ chronic bacterial prostatitis （CBP）. The aim of this study is to retrospectively compare the microbiological and clinical findings of two treatment schemes for CBP based on the combination of azithromycin （500 rag, thrice-weekly） with a once-daily 500- or 750-mg dose of ciprofloxacin （Cipro-500 or Cipro-750 cohort, respectively）. Combined administration of azithromycin （1500 mg week^-1） with ciprofloxacin at the rate of 750 mg day^- 1 for 4 weeks rather than at 500 mg day^- 1 for 6 weeks increased the eradication rates from 62.35% to 77.32% and the total bacteriological success from 71.76% to 85.57%. A significant decrease in pain and voiding signs/symptoms and a significant reduction in inflammatory leukocyte counts and serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） were sustained throughout an 18-month follow-up period in both groups. Ejaculatory pain, haemospermia and premature ejaculation were significantly attenuated on microbiological eradication in both groups, but the latter subsided more promptly in the Cipro-750 cohort. In total, 59 Cipro-750 patients showed mild-to-severe erectile dysfunction （ED） at baseline, while 22 patients had no ED on microbiological eradication and throughout the follow-up period. In conclusion fluoroquinolone-macrolide therapy resulted in pathogen eradication and CBP symptom attenuation, including pain, voiding disturbances and sexual dysfunction. A once-daily 750-mg dose of ciprofloxacin for 4 weeks showed enhanced eradication rates and lower inflammatory white blood cell counts compared to the 500-mg dose for 6 weeks. Our results are open to further prospective validation.
基金Supported by Fondation de France (to Apetoh L and Rivera Vargas T)the Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (to Apetoh L)+6 种基金the Institut Mérieux (to Apetoh L)the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne (to Apetoh L)the FEDER,the Agence Nationale de la Recherche,No.ANR-13-JSV3-0001 (to Apetoh L) and No.ANR-11-LABX-0021the ARSEP (to Apetoh L)the Ligue Régionale contre le cancer Comité Grand-Est (to Apetoh L)the European Commission (Marie Curie Fellowship PCIG10-GA-2011-303719)the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No.677251)
文摘The ability of CD4 T cells to differentiate into various effector or regulatory T cell subsets explains the successful adaptation of immune responses to different types of infectious pathogens. Immune responses in the context of cancer are also shaped by CD4 T cells, which can directly affect cancer prognosis in patients. While the proinflammatory mediator interleukin(IL)-1β was initially shown to enhance Th2 cell responses, recent findings support a predominant role of two other members of the IL-1 family, IL-18 and IL-33, on the production of Th1 and Th2-derived cytokines. In addition, IL-1β was found to profoundly affect the biology of two recently identified CD4 T cell subsets, Th17 and Th9 cells. IL-1β is critical for Th17 cell differentiation and it enhances the production of IL-9 and IL-21 by Th9 cells, thus increasing their anticancer properties. We will here review the mechanisms accounting for the ability of IL-1 cytokines to affect the differentiation of CD4 effector T cells with a focus on Th17 and Th9 cells. The physiopathological relevance of IL-1-driven effects on CD4 T cells will also be discussed.
文摘AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the modified FOLFIRI3-aflibercept as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS This is a retrospective multicenter cohort, evaluating the efficacy and safety of the association of aflibercept with FOLFIRI3(day 1: aflibercept 4 mg/kg, folinic acid 400 mg/m^2, irinotecan 90 mg/m^2, 5-fluorouracil infusion 2400 mg/m^2 per 46 h; day 3: irinotecan 90 mg/m^2) in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. The primary endpoint was overall response rate(ORR). Secondary endpoints were disease control rate(DCR), progression-free survival(PFS), overall survival(OS), and safety.RESULTS Among 74 patients treated in four French centers, nine were excluded due to prior use of aflibercept(n = 3), more than one prior treatment line in irinotecanna?ve patients(n = 3), and inadequate liver function(n = 3). In the "irinotecan-na?ve" patients(n = 30), ORR was 43.3% and DCR was 76.7%. Median PFS and OS were 11.3 mo(95%CI: 6.1-29.0) and 17.0 mo(95%CI: 13.0-17.3), respectively. The most common(> 5%) grade 3-4 adverse events were diarrhea(37.9%), neutropenia(14.3%), stomatitis and anemia(10.4%), and hypertension(6.7%). In the "pre-exposed irinotecan" patients(n = 35), 20(57.1%) received ≥ 2 prior lines of treatment. ORR was 34.3% and DCR was 60.0%. Median PFS and OS were 5.7 mo(95%CI: 3.9-10.4) and 14.3 mo(95%CI: 12.8-19.5), respectively.CONCLUSION Minimally modified FOLFIRI has improvement dramatically the FOLFIRI3-aflibercept efficacy, whatever prior use of irinotecan. A prospective randomized trial is warranted to compare FOLFIRI-aflibercept to FOLFIRI3-aflibercept.
文摘AIM： Platelet-activating factor （PAF） is a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic lipid mediator. Here we aimed to investigate levels of PAF, lyso-PAF （the PAF precursor）, phospholipase A2 （PLA2, the enzymatic activity generating lyso-PAF）, acetylhydrolase activity （AHA, the PAF degrading enzyme） and PAF receptor （PAF-R） transcripts in cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. METHODS： Twenty-nine patients with HCC were enrolled in this study. Cirrhosis was present in fourteen patients and seven had no liver disease. Tissue PAF levels were investigated by a platelet-aggregation assay. Lyso- PAF was assessed after its chemical acetylation into PAR AHA was determined by degradation of [^3H]-PAE PLA2 levels were assessed by EIA. PAF-R transcripts were investigated using RT-PCR. RESULTS： Elevated amounts of PAF and PAF-R transcripts 1 （leukocyte-type） were found in cirrhotic tissues as compared with non-cirrhotic ones. Higher amounts of PAF and PAF-R transcripts 1 and 2 （tissue-type） were found in HCC tissues as compared with non-tumor tissues. PLA2, lyso-PAF and AHA levels were not changed in cirrhotic tissues and HCC. CONCLUSION： While the role of PAF is currently unknown in liver physiology, this study suggests its potential involvement in the inflammatory network found in the cirrhotic liver and in the angiogenic response during HCC.
文摘Underwater gliders are recent innovative types of autonomous underwater vehicles （AUVs） used in ocean exploration and observation. They adjust their buoyancy to dive and to return to the ocean surface. During the change of altitude, they use the hydrodynamic forces developed by their wings to move forward. Their flights are controlled by changing the position of their centers of gravity and their buoyancy to adjust their trim and heel angles. For better flight control, the understanding of the hydrodynamic behavior and the flight mechanics of the underwater glider is necessary. A 6-DOF motion simulator is coupled with an unsteady potential flow model for this purpose. In some specific cases, the numerical study demonstrates that an inappropriate stabilizer dimension can cause counter-steering behavior. The simulator can be used to improve the automatic flight control. It can also be used for the hydrodynamic design optimization of the devices.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104386 and 52127807)Shanghai Sailing Program,Xi’an Association for Science and Tech-nology Young Talents Lifting Program,and the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU),China(No.2022-TS-08).We acknowledge the support of the LNCMI-CNRS,member of the Euro-pean Magnetic Field Laboratory(EMFL).We also thank Dr.Zheng from ZKKF(Beijing)Science&Technology Company for supporting the characterization of the materials.
文摘Systematic understanding on the magnetic field intensity dependent microstructure evolution and re-crystallization behavior in a Co-B eutectic alloy under a constant undercooling(ΔT≈100 K)were carried out.Absent of the magnetic field,the comparable size of divorced FCC-Co and Co_(3)B eutectic ellipsoidal grains coexist with a few regular lamellas.When the magnetic field is less than 15 T,the elongated primary FCC-Co dendrites parallel to the magnetic field with the dispersed FCC-Co nano-particles em-bedded within the Co_(3)B matrix occupy the inter-dendrite regions.Once the magnetic field increases to 20 T,the FCC-Co/Co_(2)B anomalous eutectic colonies dominate.The formation mechanism of Co_(2)B phase is discussed from several aspects of the competitive nucleation,the chemical redistribution induced by the thermomagnetic-induced convection and magnetic dipole interaction,and the strain-induced trans-formation.Furthermore,the application of magnetic field is found to promote recrystallization,proved by the lower density of misorientation,the appearance of FCC-Co annealed twins and more Co_(3)B sub-grains.This work could further enrich our knowledge about the magnetic-dependent microstructure evolution and recrystallization process in the undercooled Co-B system and provide guidance for controlling the microstructures and properties under extreme conditions.
