Soil quality is a major concern in the management of urban parks. In this study, the soils at 0–3, 3–13, and 13–23 cm depths were sampled from six urban parks, differing in reconstruction intensity(mainly changes m...Soil quality is a major concern in the management of urban parks. In this study, the soils at 0–3, 3–13, and 13–23 cm depths were sampled from six urban parks, differing in reconstruction intensity(mainly changes made during conversion of natural forests into parklands), in the Pearl River Delta, China to determine how reconstruction intensity influenced the extent of acidification and heavy metal levels in the soils of urban parks in a humid subtropical environment. High reconstruction intensity(HRI) was practiced in three parks and low reconstruction intensity(LRI) in three other parks. The LRI soils were strongly to extremely acidic(with low exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K concentrations) while the HRI soils were much less acidic. Both total and extractable concentrations of soil heavy metals were related to the specific management practices and age of the park, but did not differ significantly between LRI and HRI parks or among soil depths. Soil p H was significantly related to soil exchangeable cation concentrations and base saturation but was weakly related or unrelated to soil heavy metal levels. Our results suggest that high intensity but not low intensity reconstruction significantly reduces the extent of soil acidification in the urban parks in a humid subtropical environment.展开更多
The phenotypir characteristies of the phs trees of Larix principis ruppre chtii such as stem form,branch angk,branch/stem ratio,bra nch density,the crowmn width,crown leng th,number of short branch over 5-cm branch se...The phenotypir characteristies of the phs trees of Larix principis ruppre chtii such as stem form,branch angk,branch/stem ratio,bra nch density,the crowmn width,crown leng th,number of short branch over 5-cm branch se gment in length,and the leaf number of each short branch were investigated in seed orchard in the Changcheng Mountain,Shaanxi Province.According to the morphological characteis,the phs tree clones of Lanix principis-rupprechti were classified into 4 natual types:the narrow-dense-crown type,wide-dense-crown type,wide-sparse-ciown type,and the narow-spase-crown type.The re sult ofthe cluster analysis showed there was a very significant difference in tree growth among the four na turaltypes.Whie comparingthe tree growth of four na twral types for the last ten yeas,it was found that the performance order ofvanious types fiom good toba d i as folbws:the narrow-dense crown type the wide-dense crown type the wide-spase crown type the narow-spasecrown type.The plus trees of narrow-dense-ciown,as a fine type,should be paid great attention to production and pre pared topo pula nize.展开更多
Red bayberry(Morella rubra)is an evergreen fruit tree found in southern China whose whole-genome sequence has recently been published.We updated the linkage map of the species by adding 118 SSR markers and the females...Red bayberry(Morella rubra)is an evergreen fruit tree found in southern China whose whole-genome sequence has recently been published.We updated the linkage map of the species by adding 118 SSR markers and the femalespecific marker MrFT2_BD-SEX.The integrated map included eight linkage groups and spanned 491 cM.Eleven sexassociated markers were identified,six of which were located in linkage group 8,in agreement with the previously reported location of the sex-determining region.The MrFT2_BD-SEX marker was genotyped in 203 cultivated accessions.Among the females of the accessions,we found two female-specific alleles,designated W-b(151 bp)and W-d(129 bp).We previously found that‘Dongkui’,a female cultivar,could produce viable pollen(we refer to such plants‘Dongkui-male’)and serve as the paternal parent in crosses.The genotypes of the MrFT2_BD-SEX marker were W-b/Z in‘Biqi’and W-d/Z in‘Dongkui-male’.The progeny of a cross between these parents produced a 3:1 female(W-)to male(ZZ)ratio and the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio of W-b/W-d:W-b/Z:W-d/Z:Z/Z.In addition,the flowering and fruiting phenotypes of all the F1 progeny fit their genotypes.Our results confirm the existence of ZW sex determination and show that the female phenotype is controlled by a single dominant locus(W)in a small genomic region(59 kb and less than 3.3 cM).Furthermore,we have produced a homozygous“super female”(WW)that should produce all-female offspring in the F2 generation,providing a foundation for commercial use and presenting great potential for use in modern breeding programs.展开更多
Emissions from industrial activities pose a serious threat to human health and impose the need for monitoring both inorganic and organic pollutants in industrial areas. We selected Masson pine （Pinus massoniana L.） ...Emissions from industrial activities pose a serious threat to human health and impose the need for monitoring both inorganic and organic pollutants in industrial areas. We selected Masson pine （Pinus massoniana L.） as potential biomonitor and collected the current （C） and previous year （C＋ 1） needles from three industrial sites dominated by petrochemical, ceramics manufacturing, and iron and steel smelting plants and one remote site to determine heavy metals （Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni and Co） and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in unwashed and water-washed needles. Both unwashed and washed C＋ 1 needles showed generally higher concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs than C needles, although the washed needles more clearly spotlighted the accumulation effect of PAHs over exposure time. Water-washing resulted in a significant decrease in needle PAH concentrations with more significant effects shown in C needles. By contrast, needle heavy metal concentrations were much less affected by washing. Although heavy metals and PAHs might differ in adsorption and uptake strategies, their higher concentrations in the needles at the industrial sites indicated conspicuous contamination due to industrial emissions there. The PAH distribution patterns in pine needles accorded with the real types of energy consumption in the study sites and were efficiently used for pinpointing local pollutant sources.展开更多
Cinnamomum micranthum is one of China Third-class Endangered Tree Species. The seedlings of C. micranthum are difficult to obtain. It is important to study the cutting propagation of C. micranthum in different seasons...Cinnamomum micranthum is one of China Third-class Endangered Tree Species. The seedlings of C. micranthum are difficult to obtain. It is important to study the cutting propagation of C. micranthum in different seasons to improve the rooting rate for providing seedling propagation technique for the afforestation industry. In this study,the optimal season for the cutting propagation of C. micranthum was summer( May),providing 80. 6% rooting rate. The rooting rate in Summer was 33. 4% higher than that in Spring( March). This technique is important to make the best use of rare C. micranthum resources and to provide plenty of seedlings for afforestation and greening industry.展开更多
Through the study of parse wood materials in Shandong Province, the fitting empirical equation of tree growth was obtained, a function with tree growth was a variable and time as an independent variable. Through mathe...Through the study of parse wood materials in Shandong Province, the fitting empirical equation of tree growth was obtained, a function with tree growth was a variable and time as an independent variable. Through mathematical operations such as function derivation, the mature age of tree growth was obtained. The obtained expected maturity age for Populus tomentosa forest was 11 a for pulp material, 26 a for pillar materials and 41 a for peeler. And the application, research directions and precautions of the mature ages were proposed.展开更多
Based on the investigation of the status of forest land resources in the southern parts of Cixi City,the problems exiting in the development of forestry(e.g.overdevelopment of industry and decline in water conservatio...Based on the investigation of the status of forest land resources in the southern parts of Cixi City,the problems exiting in the development of forestry(e.g.overdevelopment of industry and decline in water conservation quality)are pointed out,and countermeasures(e.g.coordination,integration,scientific planning,strict protection,orderly development and ecological compensation)are put forward,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of forestry in Cixi City.展开更多
Soil heavy metal pollution is becoming more and more serious.Biomass charcoal application can play an important role in alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals in soils.Compared with other biochar,bamboo charcoal has...Soil heavy metal pollution is becoming more and more serious.Biomass charcoal application can play an important role in alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals in soils.Compared with other biochar,bamboo charcoal has more unique properties and may have a unique effect on heavy metal pollution.Zhejiang Province of Southeastern China is rich in bamboo resources.However,few studies related to bamboo charcoal application for heavy metal remediation in farmland were reported.In this study,four treatments with different amounts of bamboo charcoal application were set up through a field experiment,namely BC0(no bamboo charcoal application),BC1(2500 kg⋅ha^(−1)),BC2(5000 kg⋅ha^(−1)),and BC3(10000 kg⋅ha^(−1)),and each treatment was replicated three times.The results showed that(1)The application of bamboo charcoal significantly increased the soil pH and organic matter content.Compared with BC0,the pH and organic content of BC3 increased by 7.4%and 17.4%(P<0.05)respectively.(2)The HCl-extractable Cd content of paddy soil in the BC1 treatment was significantly lower than other treatments(P<0.05),and decreased by 15.3%,compared with BC0.The soil HCl-extractable Zn and Cu content did not differ significantly between treatments(P>0.05).(3)With the increase of bamboo charcoal application,the Cd content in rice gradually decreased,the BC3 treatment significantly decreased by 39.0%(P<0.05),and the Zn and Cu contents in rice did not differ significantly between treatments(P>0.05),compared with BC0.(4)Soil pH,organic matter and Cd in rice seeds were significantly negatively correlated(P<0.01).The heavy metal content in rice does not change with the change of heavy metal content with HCl-extractable state in soil.It means bamboo charcoal does not reduce heavy metal content in rice by simply declining the heavy metal content with HCl-extractable state.The mechanism of action is relatively complicated,and further study is needed.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the tissue culture and propagation technology in Tagetes patu/a L. [ Method] By using tissue culture tech- nology, different mass fractions of 6-BA and NAA were added to MS...[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the tissue culture and propagation technology in Tagetes patu/a L. [ Method] By using tissue culture tech- nology, different mass fractions of 6-BA and NAA were added to MS medium to compare the effect of different culture medium on the rapid propagation of T. patu/a L. [Result] Shoot tips or stem segments of T. patu/a L. were used as explants for tissue culture with an appropriate sterilization time of 8 min; differentiation effect of shoot tips was better than that of stem segments; callus generation rate was high with the high content of growth regulators; MS medium containing O. 1 mg/L NAA and 1.5 rag/L 6-BA was used for subculture proliferation with a subculture period of 4 weeks; rooting rate of plantlet was the maximum （97%） in 1/2MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA, and the root system was relatively developed. [ Conclusion] This study provided technical support for the industrialized seedling breeding of T. patula L.展开更多
Forest biomass has great potential as a biofuel feedstock, but information on forest owner perceptions of using forest biomass to produce bioenergy is lacking. In this case study, we surveyed 3500 small to medium priv...Forest biomass has great potential as a biofuel feedstock, but information on forest owner perceptions of using forest biomass to produce bioenergy is lacking. In this case study, we surveyed 3500 small to medium private forest landowners in southwestern Louisiana to better understand their attitudes and perceptions towards harvesting forest biomass for bioenergy production. Results indicate that landowners: 1) were positive about utilizing biomass for bioenergy, 2) believe viable biomass conversion technologies exist, 3) had antagonistic or neutral attitudes towards some technological, economic, and policy issues associated with using forest biomass for bioenergy due in part to lack of information or knowledge, and 4) felt biomass is a low-value product compared to traditional products. Landowners’ perceptions of participating in bio-based activities and markets vary among age and ownership size, and 51% of forest landowners were willing to participate in management activities specifically geared for bioenergy production.展开更多
Genetic factors play a key role in determination of the structure of the cloacal flora for newborn Chinese Alligators.We collected the cloacal microbiomes for 24 newborn Chinese Alligators from three different genetic...Genetic factors play a key role in determination of the structure of the cloacal flora for newborn Chinese Alligators.We collected the cloacal microbiomes for 24 newborn Chinese Alligators from three different genetic backgrounds for 16S gene amplicon sequencing.The number of cloacal flora for the Chinese Alligators from different groups was comparable but differed structurally.There were variations in proportions of floral compositions at the phylum and family levels;however,the main difference was at the genus level.There were two significant differences in richness and evenness among the three groups.Non-metric multidimensional scaling NMDS analysis revealed that the 24 samples could be clearly divided into three categories based on their genetic backgrounds(stress=0.0244).Thus,we postulated that newborn Chinese Alligators with different genetic backgrounds have different immune strengths,which affects individual responses to environmental microorganisms.In summary,newborn Chinese Alligators from different genetic backgrounds exhibit variations in cloacal microbiome.展开更多
Salt-affected soils extensively distribute on the earth.Although the causes are various,generally speaking salinization occurrence results from the accumulation of free salts to an extent that causes degradation of ve...Salt-affected soils extensively distribute on the earth.Although the causes are various,generally speaking salinization occurrence results from the accumulation of free salts to an extent that causes degradation of vegetation and soils.Besides,irrational human practices have increased soil salinity by allowing excess recharging of groundwater to change the natural balance of the water cycle in the landscape. This reduces the suitability to plant growth and increases the potential for other forms of land ...展开更多
基金supported by the Agricultural and Forestry Promotion Fund of Nanhai Agro-forestry Extension Centre,Guangdong Province,China(No.08-4101001)the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.8151065005000016)the Research Fund of South China Botanical Garden,China(No.201307)
文摘Soil quality is a major concern in the management of urban parks. In this study, the soils at 0–3, 3–13, and 13–23 cm depths were sampled from six urban parks, differing in reconstruction intensity(mainly changes made during conversion of natural forests into parklands), in the Pearl River Delta, China to determine how reconstruction intensity influenced the extent of acidification and heavy metal levels in the soils of urban parks in a humid subtropical environment. High reconstruction intensity(HRI) was practiced in three parks and low reconstruction intensity(LRI) in three other parks. The LRI soils were strongly to extremely acidic(with low exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K concentrations) while the HRI soils were much less acidic. Both total and extractable concentrations of soil heavy metals were related to the specific management practices and age of the park, but did not differ significantly between LRI and HRI parks or among soil depths. Soil p H was significantly related to soil exchangeable cation concentrations and base saturation but was weakly related or unrelated to soil heavy metal levels. Our results suggest that high intensity but not low intensity reconstruction significantly reduces the extent of soil acidification in the urban parks in a humid subtropical environment.
文摘The phenotypir characteristies of the phs trees of Larix principis ruppre chtii such as stem form,branch angk,branch/stem ratio,bra nch density,the crowmn width,crown leng th,number of short branch over 5-cm branch se gment in length,and the leaf number of each short branch were investigated in seed orchard in the Changcheng Mountain,Shaanxi Province.According to the morphological characteis,the phs tree clones of Lanix principis-rupprechti were classified into 4 natual types:the narrow-dense-crown type,wide-dense-crown type,wide-sparse-ciown type,and the narow-spase-crown type.The re sult ofthe cluster analysis showed there was a very significant difference in tree growth among the four na turaltypes.Whie comparingthe tree growth of four na twral types for the last ten yeas,it was found that the performance order ofvanious types fiom good toba d i as folbws:the narrow-dense crown type the wide-dense crown type the wide-spase crown type the narow-spasecrown type.The plus trees of narrow-dense-ciown,as a fine type,should be paid great attention to production and pre pared topo pula nize.
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of China(31972364)Yuyao Forestry Technology Extension Center.H.M.J.was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901985).Z.S.G.,Y.J.,C.Y.C.were funded by a Ningbo Science and Technology Research Grant(contract no 2016C10021).
文摘Red bayberry(Morella rubra)is an evergreen fruit tree found in southern China whose whole-genome sequence has recently been published.We updated the linkage map of the species by adding 118 SSR markers and the femalespecific marker MrFT2_BD-SEX.The integrated map included eight linkage groups and spanned 491 cM.Eleven sexassociated markers were identified,six of which were located in linkage group 8,in agreement with the previously reported location of the sex-determining region.The MrFT2_BD-SEX marker was genotyped in 203 cultivated accessions.Among the females of the accessions,we found two female-specific alleles,designated W-b(151 bp)and W-d(129 bp).We previously found that‘Dongkui’,a female cultivar,could produce viable pollen(we refer to such plants‘Dongkui-male’)and serve as the paternal parent in crosses.The genotypes of the MrFT2_BD-SEX marker were W-b/Z in‘Biqi’and W-d/Z in‘Dongkui-male’.The progeny of a cross between these parents produced a 3:1 female(W-)to male(ZZ)ratio and the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio of W-b/W-d:W-b/Z:W-d/Z:Z/Z.In addition,the flowering and fruiting phenotypes of all the F1 progeny fit their genotypes.Our results confirm the existence of ZW sex determination and show that the female phenotype is controlled by a single dominant locus(W)in a small genomic region(59 kb and less than 3.3 cM).Furthermore,we have produced a homozygous“super female”(WW)that should produce all-female offspring in the F2 generation,providing a foundation for commercial use and presenting great potential for use in modern breeding programs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 8151065005000016)the Special Innovative Fund from the CAS Graduates Science and Social Practice Program (No. 079999A001)+1 种基金the Agricultural and Forestry Promotion Program of Nanhai Agro-Forestry Extension Centre, Guangdong Province(No.084101001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30570349)
文摘Emissions from industrial activities pose a serious threat to human health and impose the need for monitoring both inorganic and organic pollutants in industrial areas. We selected Masson pine （Pinus massoniana L.） as potential biomonitor and collected the current （C） and previous year （C＋ 1） needles from three industrial sites dominated by petrochemical, ceramics manufacturing, and iron and steel smelting plants and one remote site to determine heavy metals （Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni and Co） and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in unwashed and water-washed needles. Both unwashed and washed C＋ 1 needles showed generally higher concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs than C needles, although the washed needles more clearly spotlighted the accumulation effect of PAHs over exposure time. Water-washing resulted in a significant decrease in needle PAH concentrations with more significant effects shown in C needles. By contrast, needle heavy metal concentrations were much less affected by washing. Although heavy metals and PAHs might differ in adsorption and uptake strategies, their higher concentrations in the needles at the industrial sites indicated conspicuous contamination due to industrial emissions there. The PAH distribution patterns in pine needles accorded with the real types of energy consumption in the study sites and were efficiently used for pinpointing local pollutant sources.
基金Supported by Research Project on"Genetic Resources Collection and Clonal Propagation of Cinnamomum micranthum"(Minlinke2012No.2)Fujian Forestry Administration DepartmentChina
文摘Cinnamomum micranthum is one of China Third-class Endangered Tree Species. The seedlings of C. micranthum are difficult to obtain. It is important to study the cutting propagation of C. micranthum in different seasons to improve the rooting rate for providing seedling propagation technique for the afforestation industry. In this study,the optimal season for the cutting propagation of C. micranthum was summer( May),providing 80. 6% rooting rate. The rooting rate in Summer was 33. 4% higher than that in Spring( March). This technique is important to make the best use of rare C. micranthum resources and to provide plenty of seedlings for afforestation and greening industry.
文摘Through the study of parse wood materials in Shandong Province, the fitting empirical equation of tree growth was obtained, a function with tree growth was a variable and time as an independent variable. Through mathematical operations such as function derivation, the mature age of tree growth was obtained. The obtained expected maturity age for Populus tomentosa forest was 11 a for pulp material, 26 a for pillar materials and 41 a for peeler. And the application, research directions and precautions of the mature ages were proposed.
文摘Based on the investigation of the status of forest land resources in the southern parts of Cixi City,the problems exiting in the development of forestry(e.g.overdevelopment of industry and decline in water conservation quality)are pointed out,and countermeasures(e.g.coordination,integration,scientific planning,strict protection,orderly development and ecological compensation)are put forward,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of forestry in Cixi City.
基金the Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2019C02008-03).
文摘Soil heavy metal pollution is becoming more and more serious.Biomass charcoal application can play an important role in alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals in soils.Compared with other biochar,bamboo charcoal has more unique properties and may have a unique effect on heavy metal pollution.Zhejiang Province of Southeastern China is rich in bamboo resources.However,few studies related to bamboo charcoal application for heavy metal remediation in farmland were reported.In this study,four treatments with different amounts of bamboo charcoal application were set up through a field experiment,namely BC0(no bamboo charcoal application),BC1(2500 kg⋅ha^(−1)),BC2(5000 kg⋅ha^(−1)),and BC3(10000 kg⋅ha^(−1)),and each treatment was replicated three times.The results showed that(1)The application of bamboo charcoal significantly increased the soil pH and organic matter content.Compared with BC0,the pH and organic content of BC3 increased by 7.4%and 17.4%(P<0.05)respectively.(2)The HCl-extractable Cd content of paddy soil in the BC1 treatment was significantly lower than other treatments(P<0.05),and decreased by 15.3%,compared with BC0.The soil HCl-extractable Zn and Cu content did not differ significantly between treatments(P>0.05).(3)With the increase of bamboo charcoal application,the Cd content in rice gradually decreased,the BC3 treatment significantly decreased by 39.0%(P<0.05),and the Zn and Cu contents in rice did not differ significantly between treatments(P>0.05),compared with BC0.(4)Soil pH,organic matter and Cd in rice seeds were significantly negatively correlated(P<0.01).The heavy metal content in rice does not change with the change of heavy metal content with HCl-extractable state in soil.It means bamboo charcoal does not reduce heavy metal content in rice by simply declining the heavy metal content with HCl-extractable state.The mechanism of action is relatively complicated,and further study is needed.
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the tissue culture and propagation technology in Tagetes patu/a L. [ Method] By using tissue culture tech- nology, different mass fractions of 6-BA and NAA were added to MS medium to compare the effect of different culture medium on the rapid propagation of T. patu/a L. [Result] Shoot tips or stem segments of T. patu/a L. were used as explants for tissue culture with an appropriate sterilization time of 8 min; differentiation effect of shoot tips was better than that of stem segments; callus generation rate was high with the high content of growth regulators; MS medium containing O. 1 mg/L NAA and 1.5 rag/L 6-BA was used for subculture proliferation with a subculture period of 4 weeks; rooting rate of plantlet was the maximum （97%） in 1/2MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA, and the root system was relatively developed. [ Conclusion] This study provided technical support for the industrialized seedling breeding of T. patula L.
文摘Forest biomass has great potential as a biofuel feedstock, but information on forest owner perceptions of using forest biomass to produce bioenergy is lacking. In this case study, we surveyed 3500 small to medium private forest landowners in southwestern Louisiana to better understand their attitudes and perceptions towards harvesting forest biomass for bioenergy production. Results indicate that landowners: 1) were positive about utilizing biomass for bioenergy, 2) believe viable biomass conversion technologies exist, 3) had antagonistic or neutral attitudes towards some technological, economic, and policy issues associated with using forest biomass for bioenergy due in part to lack of information or knowledge, and 4) felt biomass is a low-value product compared to traditional products. Landowners’ perceptions of participating in bio-based activities and markets vary among age and ownership size, and 51% of forest landowners were willing to participate in management activities specifically geared for bioenergy production.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32000355 and No.32370561)Research start-up funds of Anhui Normal University(No.751865)Anhui Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project(AHLYCX-2021-01).
文摘Genetic factors play a key role in determination of the structure of the cloacal flora for newborn Chinese Alligators.We collected the cloacal microbiomes for 24 newborn Chinese Alligators from three different genetic backgrounds for 16S gene amplicon sequencing.The number of cloacal flora for the Chinese Alligators from different groups was comparable but differed structurally.There were variations in proportions of floral compositions at the phylum and family levels;however,the main difference was at the genus level.There were two significant differences in richness and evenness among the three groups.Non-metric multidimensional scaling NMDS analysis revealed that the 24 samples could be clearly divided into three categories based on their genetic backgrounds(stress=0.0244).Thus,we postulated that newborn Chinese Alligators with different genetic backgrounds have different immune strengths,which affects individual responses to environmental microorganisms.In summary,newborn Chinese Alligators from different genetic backgrounds exhibit variations in cloacal microbiome.
基金the Scientific & Technological Project of Zhejiang Forestry Department(No.07A02 and No.08A02)the National Eleventh Five-year Key Scientific & Technological Project(No.2006BAD03A15)
文摘Salt-affected soils extensively distribute on the earth.Although the causes are various,generally speaking salinization occurrence results from the accumulation of free salts to an extent that causes degradation of vegetation and soils.Besides,irrational human practices have increased soil salinity by allowing excess recharging of groundwater to change the natural balance of the water cycle in the landscape. This reduces the suitability to plant growth and increases the potential for other forms of land ...
