Climate change is the most severe ecological challenge faced by the world today.Forests,the dominant component of terrestrial ecosystems,play a critical role in mitigating climate change due to their powerful carbon s...Climate change is the most severe ecological challenge faced by the world today.Forests,the dominant component of terrestrial ecosystems,play a critical role in mitigating climate change due to their powerful carbon sequestration capabilities.Meanwhile,climate change has also become a major factor affecting the sustainable management of forest ecosystems.Climate-Smart Forestry(CSF)is an emerging concept in sustainable forest management.By utilizing advanced technologies,such as information technology and artificial intelligence,CSF aims to develop innovative and proactive forest management methods and decision-making systems to address the challenges of climate change.CSF aims to enhance forest ecosystem resilience(i.e.,maintain a condition where,even when the state of the ecosystem changes,the ecosystem functions do not deteriorate)through climate change adaptation,improve the mitigation capabilities of forest ecosystems to climate change,maintain high,stable,and sustainable forest productivity and ecosystem services,and ultimately achieve harmonious development between humans and nature.This concept paper:(1)discusses the emergence and development of CSF,which integrates Ecological Forestry,Carbon Forestry,and Smart Forestry,and proposes the concept of CSF;(2)analyzes the goals of CSF in improving forest ecosystem stability,enhancing forest ecosystem carbon sequestration capacity,and advocating the application and development of new technologies in CSF,including artificial intelligence,robotics,Light Detection and Ranging,and forest digital twin;(3)presents the latest practices of CSF based on prior research on forest structure and function using new generation information technologies at Qingyuan Forest,China.From these practices and reflections,we suggested the development direction of CSF,including the key research topics and technological advancement.展开更多
Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a signifi...Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a significant role in changing the climate.However,they also face limitations,including uncertainties related to future global climate change,land use,and land cover.This paper summarized the important role of agroforestry systems in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance from the methods and means used in the research on carbon storage and carbon balance and the research status of carbon storage and carbon balance in agroforestry ecosystems at home and abroad,and pointed out the problems that need to be paid attention to in future research.展开更多
Agroforestry,as a platform for harmonizing agriculture and forestry is a win-win approach for the farming community and environmental sustainability.However,its potential is not well studied and quantified in Northwes...Agroforestry,as a platform for harmonizing agriculture and forestry is a win-win approach for the farming community and environmental sustainability.However,its potential is not well studied and quantified in Northwestern highland.Thus,this study aimed to investigate the woody species diversity,and carbon stock potential of traditional agroforestry practices in Northwestern Highlands(NWH)of Ethiopia.A total of 120 households were selected using stratified sampling for household(HH)surveys,and vegetation inventory was conducted in the winter season of 2023 on systematically laid 400 m2 sample quadrats.Shannon-Weiner diversity index(H’),Simpson’s diversity index(1-D)and Shannon evenness(E)were calculated to estimate woody species diversity.Variation in species diversity and carbon stock within and between agroforestry practices was assessed by 1-way ANOVA and rank differences were separated by post-hoc,Tukey HSD multiple comparison test.The result showed that four different agroforestry practices were identified,consisting of 44 woody species belonging to 23 families.Homegarden was the richest in terms of woody species composition(30),followed by boundary planting(25),while parkland agroforestry had the poorest species composition(12).The total carbon stock of the agroforestry practices in the study ranged from 92.51±29.21 to 143.52±47.83 Mg/ha),with soil organic carbon accounting for about 57.66%,followed by aboveground biomass carbon with 32.1%.Homegardens agroforestry had contributed more to the total carbon stocks than the other agroforestry practices.The total CO_(2)sequestration by above and below ground biomass of woody species in the traditional agroforestry practices of the NWH was estimated to be 519.97 and 104.01 Mg/ha,respectively.The study confirmed that the traditional agroforestry practices of the NWH of Ethiopia maintain a high diversity of woody species and are remarkably important for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation.展开更多
Entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs)represent a promising biological control strategy for managing insect pest populations,offering an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical pesticides.This revie...Entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs)represent a promising biological control strategy for managing insect pest populations,offering an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical pesticides.This review examines the application of EPNs in forestry,highlighting their biological and ecological characteristics,mechanisms of action,and efficacy against key forest pests.By exploring various methods of EPN application,including soil injection,foliar spray,and trunk injection,practical challenges and potential solutions for effective implementation are assessed.Case studies demonstrate successful use of EPNs in controlling pests such as bark beetles,wood borers,and root weevils,underscoring their potential for integration into integrated pest management(IPM)programs.Despite current limitations,including environmental sensitivity and application constraints,ongoing research and technological advancements continue to enhance the efficacy and reliability of EPNs.This review underscores the importance of EPNs in sustainable forestry practices and calls for further research to optimize their use and to address existing challenges,ultimately contributing to healthier forest ecosystems and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides.展开更多
Background: Continuous Cover Forestry(CCF) is a type of forest management that is based on ecological, environmental, and biological principles. Specific definitions of CCF greatly vary and the concept usually include...Background: Continuous Cover Forestry(CCF) is a type of forest management that is based on ecological, environmental, and biological principles. Specific definitions of CCF greatly vary and the concept usually includes a number of tenets or criteria. The most important tenet of CCF is the requirement to abandon the practice of largescale clearfelling in favour of selective thinning/harvesting and natural regeneration methods.Methods: CCF is commonly believed to have its main origin in an academic debate that was conducted through publications in a number of European and North American countries towards the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Our findings are exclusively based on a literature review of the history of CCF and they revealed that the European origins of CCF go much further back to a form of farm forestry that started to be practised in Central Europe in the 17th century. Eventually, this type of farm forestry led to the formation of the single-tree selection system as we know it today. Another influential tradition line contributing to modern CCF is individual-based forest management, which breaks forest stands down into small neighbourhood-based units. The centres of these units are dominant frame trees which form the framework of a forest stand. Consequently, management is only carried out in the local neighbourhood of frame trees. Individual-based forest management also modified inflexible area-control approaches of plantation forest management in favour of the flexible sizecontrol method.Results and conclusions: We found evidence that the three aforementioned tradition lines are equally important and much interacted in shaping modern CCF. Since CCF is an international accomplishment, it is helpful to thoroughly study the drivers and causes of such concepts. Understanding the gradual evolution can give valuable clues for the introduction and adaptation of CCF in countries where the concept is new.展开更多
Forestry technological innovation is an indispensable and important aid to the development of modern forestry and can effectively utilize forestry resources. Therefore, attention should be paid to the role of forestry...Forestry technological innovation is an indispensable and important aid to the development of modern forestry and can effectively utilize forestry resources. Therefore, attention should be paid to the role of forestry technological innovation in promoting the development of modern forestry, so as to give full play to the advantages of forestry technology. Through the rational application of science and technology in the process of modern agricultural development and the promotion of forestry technological innovation, the healthy and sustainable development of forestry can be guaranteed, thus promoting the continuous improvement of forestry economic level and providing new economic growth points for our country.展开更多
Seedling raising is not only a basic work in forestry industry, but also a key work. How to use seedling raising technology and manage seedlings is the key to forestry production. Management personnel will generally a...Seedling raising is not only a basic work in forestry industry, but also a key work. How to use seedling raising technology and manage seedlings is the key to forestry production. Management personnel will generally adopt the most advanced science and technology to carry out forestry seedling raising related operations, which can not only reduce the cost, but also improve the planting quality of seedlings. However, the current development level of forestry seedling raising in China is relatively slow, and traditional seedling raising techniques are still used in most forestry operations. The production efficiency of traditional methods is low and the quality of seedlings actually planted is mixed, which hinders the sustainable development of forestry industry. Therefore, based on the analysis of the technical management problems existing in the current forestry seedling raising in our country, this paper puts forward targeted solutions.展开更多
Based on the actual forestry work in Keshiketeng Banner of Chifeng City, this paper analyzes the main problems existing in the popularization of forestry technology in grass-roots forestry stations, and then puts forw...Based on the actual forestry work in Keshiketeng Banner of Chifeng City, this paper analyzes the main problems existing in the popularization of forestry technology in grass-roots forestry stations, and then puts forward the countermeasures for improvement. At present, the software and hardware of the basic forestry station in Keshiketeng Banner to carry out the forestry technology promotion work are not perfect, the promotion function has certain contradiction, and the personnel structure is difficult to meet the needs of the forestry technology promotion work. The local government should create a software and hardware environment for grass-roots forestry stations to carry out forestry technology promotion, strengthen its technology promotion function, and take measures to optimize the structure of grass-roots forestry station technology promotion personnel.展开更多
In this study, we developed a comprehensive index system for forestry sustainability of Heilongjiang Province, which includes forest resources sustainability,sustainable economic development, sustainable social develo...In this study, we developed a comprehensive index system for forestry sustainability of Heilongjiang Province, which includes forest resources sustainability,sustainable economic development, sustainable social development and sustainable advancement in science and technology. Based on this system and the regional forest development, we further evaluated the sustainability of Heilongjiang Province for year 2008-2013. The results show that even though the regional forestry has been preliminarily on the track of sustainable development, it is fragile. Four indicators, e.g. soil and water retention rate,forest stand growth（per unit area）, the proportion of national investment and the annual carbon sequestration have important impact on the sustainability, with a weight of 39.0 % in all the indicators. We also analyzed the factors hindering the sustainable development. It turns out that soil and water retention rate, forest stand growth（per unit area）,the proportion of science and technology funds, per capita GDP and the proportion of the tertiary industry production are the main factors hindering regional sustainable development, which accounts for 50.94 % of the total obstacle degrees in the system. At last, we discussed how to promote the regional sustainable development from the perspectives of forest resources sustainability, economic development sustainability, society development sustainability and the sustainable advancement of science and technology.展开更多
Using the advantages of web crawlers in data collection and distributed storage technologies,we accessed to a wealth of forestry-related data.Combined with the mature big data technology at its present stage,Hadoop...Using the advantages of web crawlers in data collection and distributed storage technologies,we accessed to a wealth of forestry-related data.Combined with the mature big data technology at its present stage,Hadoop's distributed system was selected to solve the storage problem of massive forestry big data and the memory-based Spark computing framework to realize real-time and fast processing of data.The forestry data contains a wealth of information,and mining this information is of great significance for guiding the development of forestry.We conducts co-word and cluster analyses on the keywords of forestry data,extracts the rules hidden in the data,analyzes the research hotspots more accurately,grasps the evolution trend of subject topics,and plays an important role in promoting the research and development of subject areas.The co-word analysis and clustering algorithm have important practical significance for the topic structure,research hotspot or development trend in the field of forestry research.Distributed storage framework and parallel computing have greatly improved the performance of data mining algorithms.Therefore,the forestry big data mining system by big data technology has important practical significance for promoting the development of intelligent forestry.展开更多
Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Dalbergia, sissoo Roxb., and Melia azedarach L. are little studied species in nutrient return capabilities from leaf litter decomposition to maintenance of the soil fertility despite their ...Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Dalbergia, sissoo Roxb., and Melia azedarach L. are little studied species in nutrient return capabilities from leaf litter decomposition to maintenance of the soil fertility despite their importance in agroforestry practices of Bangladesh. A leaf litter decomposition experiment was conducted using a litterbag teeh7 nique to assess the nutrient reaun efficiency of these species. The de- composition rate of leaf litter was highest for M. azedarach and lowest for D. sissoo. Rainfall and temperature of study sites showed a significant （p〈0.05） positive relationship with the rate of leaf litter decomposition. The highest decay constant was observed for M. azedarach （6.67）. Nitrogen and Phosphorus concentration in leaf litter showed a decreased trend sharply at the end of the first month, whereas rapid decrease of Potassium concentration was reported within 10 days. Conversely, higher concentration of nutrient was observed at the later stages of decomposition. All three species showed a similar pattern of nutrient release （K 〉 N 〉 P） during the decomposition process of leaf litter. Among the studied species, D. sissoo was best in terms of N and P return and A. indica was best in terms of K return.展开更多
This study was performed in five villages of Sandwip Upazila, Chittagong district with a view to identify the tree resources, utilization pattern and economic return of major fruit and timber tree species. Information...This study was performed in five villages of Sandwip Upazila, Chittagong district with a view to identify the tree resources, utilization pattern and economic return of major fruit and timber tree species. Information collected from a total of 60 households ranging from marginal, small, medium and large categories. Number of plant species increased with the increase of homestead area. A total of 33 plant species were recorded from the homegarden, of which 19 were fruit and 14 were timber tree species. Considerable number of vegetables was also planted under the shade of the homestead trees. The investment analysis showed that average benefit-cost ratios were greater than one, net present values were positive and internal rate of returns were more than 10%. Long term investment on horticulture and timber tree species is highly profitable if species like Artocarpus heterophyllus, Cocos nucifera, Tectona grandis and Swietenia macrophylla are planted.展开更多
A forest fire can be a real ecological disaster regardless of whether it is caused by natural forces or human activities, it is possible to map forest fire risk zones to minimize the frequency of fires, avert damage, ...A forest fire can be a real ecological disaster regardless of whether it is caused by natural forces or human activities, it is possible to map forest fire risk zones to minimize the frequency of fires, avert damage, etc. A method integrating remote sensing and GIS was developed and applied to forest fire risk zone mapping for Baihe forestry bureau in this paper. Satellite images were interpreted and classified to generate vegetation type layer and land use layers （roads, settlements and farmlands）. Topographic layers （slope, aspect and altitude） were derived from DEM. The thematic and topographic information was analyzed by using ARC/INFO GIS software. Forest fire risk zones were delineated by assigning subjective weights to the classes of all the layers （vegetation type, slope, aspect, altitude and distance from r3ads, farmlands and settlements） according to their sensitivity to fire or their fire-inducing capability. Five categories of forest fire risk ranging from very high to very low were derived automatically. The mapping result of the study area was found to be in strong agreement with actual fire-affected sites.展开更多
The urban and community forestry movement in the United States has matured over the last 20 years from managing street trees, to understanding the benefits of trees in urban ecosystems, and now to managing urban green...The urban and community forestry movement in the United States has matured over the last 20 years from managing street trees, to understanding the benefits of trees in urban ecosystems, and now to managing urban green infrastructure. This paper introduced the history, development, and major accomplishments of the urban and community forestry movement, highlighted the economic, ecological, environmental, and social values of forests and trees to communities, and discussed issues and trends of the urban and community forestry program in the United States.展开更多
Homestead forests contribute substantially to the rural econ- omy of Bangladesh. Rural people depend on trees and plants for their energy usage, housing, food and other forms of subsistence livelihood. In order to ide...Homestead forests contribute substantially to the rural econ- omy of Bangladesh. Rural people depend on trees and plants for their energy usage, housing, food and other forms of subsistence livelihood. In order to identify the potential role of forests on homestead dwellers, an empirical field investigation was conducted in the four Upazilas of My- mensingh district of Bangladesh. It was found that land holdings of the respondents within the four sites are the highest in Mymensingh. The study made an important observation that among all homestead vegeta- tion between 5-6 years old, tree species are generally preferred over plants. This is perhaps due to the efforts of the social forestry extension service to demonstrate that planting trees is an important long-term in- vestment. In all four Upazilas, there was a significant correlation between household annual income and homestead forestry, agriculture and fisher- ies practice, suggesting that higher income families tend to have larger holdings of homesteads, farms and pond areas. Three Upazilas displayed a strong positive relationship （nearly 45%） between homestead forest areas and annual family income; however, the Fulbaria Upazila showed a very poor relationship （0.2%） in this regard. The results of this study suggest that homestead forests play a positive role in the rural economy, in addition to helping mitigate the increasing problem of deforestation in Bangladesh.展开更多
The response of soil fauna to the litter decomposition process has received considerable attention,but this effect has not been fully examined in agroforestry systems.A 1-year in situ decomposition experiment was carr...The response of soil fauna to the litter decomposition process has received considerable attention,but this effect has not been fully examined in agroforestry systems.A 1-year in situ decomposition experiment was carried out in a pure ginkgo plantation and two ginkgo agroforestry systems using a litterbag method(11 different treatments were tested in three systems).We found that the application of different organic materials(crop residues)produced positive effects on the number of soil fauna in the ginkgo planting systems;the mixture of ginkgo leaves and corn leaves was the best performing treatment.Collembola and Acarina were the predominant groups in the litter bags and were mainly responsible for the differences among the treatments.Litter mixing promoted the abundance,richness,and diversity of soil fauna,and significant differences regarding the Shannon–Wiener index of the soil fauna were observed among the 11 treatments in July.Significantly higher soil MBC(microbial biomass carbon)and MBN(microbial biomass nitrogen)were observed in agroforestry systems than in pure ginkgo plantations.These results suggest that the practice of intercrop residue application plays an important role in enhancing soil ecosystem function in ginkgo agroforestry systems and may ultimately contribute to sustainable intercrop production,soil fertility,and local economic diversity.展开更多
Forestry work has long been weak in data integration;its initial state will inevitably affect the forestry project development and decision-quality.Knowledge Graph(KG)can provide better abilities to organize,manage,an...Forestry work has long been weak in data integration;its initial state will inevitably affect the forestry project development and decision-quality.Knowledge Graph(KG)can provide better abilities to organize,manage,and understand forestry knowledge.Relation Extraction(RE)is a crucial task of KG construction and information retrieval.Previous researches on relation extraction have proved the performance of using the attention mechanism.However,these methods focused on the representation of the entire sentence and ignored the loss of information.The lack of analysis of words and syntactic features contributes to sentences,especially in Chinese relation extraction,resulting in poor performance.Based on the above observations,we proposed an end-to-end relation extraction method that used Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit(BiGRU)neural network and dual attention mechanism in forestry KG construction.The dual attention includes sentence-level and word-level,capturing relational semantic words and direction words.To enhance the performance,we used the pre-training model FastText to provide word vectors,and dynamically adjusted the word vectors according to the context.We used forestry entities and relationships to build forestry KG and used Neo4j to store forestry KG.Our method can achieve better results than previous public models in the SemEval-2010 Task 8 dataset.By training the model on forestry dataset,results showed that the accuracy and precision of FastText-BiGRU-Dual Attention exceeded 0.8,which outperformed the comparison methods,thus the experiment confirmed the validity and accuracy of our model.In the future,we plan to apply forestry KG to question and answer system and achieve a recommendations system for forestry knowledge.展开更多
County forestry economy is a strong power for regional green economic development,and an important way to improve farmers' income and promote living environment in urban and rural areas. According to the investiga...County forestry economy is a strong power for regional green economic development,and an important way to improve farmers' income and promote living environment in urban and rural areas. According to the investigation of ten typical counties or cities with forestry industrial advantage,this paper sums up the elementary experiences of county forestry economy,analyzes its prominent problems. Countermeasures are brought forward to improve the development of county forestry economy.展开更多
Poverty reduction is a world-wide concern.At the end of 2017,according to the rural poverty standard in China,there were 30.46 million poor in China.However,complete poverty alleviation by the end of 2020 had been ach...Poverty reduction is a world-wide concern.At the end of 2017,according to the rural poverty standard in China,there were 30.46 million poor in China.However,complete poverty alleviation by the end of 2020 had been achieved.This is significant and complicated,especially as poverty-stricken areas and ecologically fragile areas overlap.During the process of poverty alleviation,the development of forestry projects was not only conducive to improving the environment but also an important way to reduce poverty.Therefore,based on an analysis of the causes of poverty-stricken areas,this study examined successful cases in different regions and proposed ways to promote economic growth:providing state subsidies for tree planting and forest maintenance;developing undergrowth economy;and/or initiating an industrial chain.It also introduces principles to promote forestry progress,according to local conditions,keeping a balance between economic development and the environment.This study provides effective ways to promote forestry development and rural poverty alleviation.展开更多
This paper demonstrates a Geographic Information Systems （GIS） procedure of classifying and mapping forest management category in Baihe Forestry Burea, Jilin Province, China. Within the study area, Baihe Forestry Bu...This paper demonstrates a Geographic Information Systems （GIS） procedure of classifying and mapping forest management category in Baihe Forestry Burea, Jilin Province, China. Within the study area, Baihe Forestry Bureau land was classified into a two-hierarchy system. The top-level class included the non-forest and forest. Over 96% of land area is forest in the study area, which was further divided into key ecological service forest （KES）, general ecological service forest （GES）, and commodity forest （COM）. COM covered 45.0% of the total land area and was the major forest management type in Baihe Forest Bureau. KES and GES accounted for 21.2% and 29.9% of the total land area, respectively. The forest management zones designed with GIS in this study were then compared with the forest management zones established using the hand draw by the local agency. There were obvious differences between the two products. It suggested that the differences had some to do with the data sources, basic unit and mapping procedures. It also suggested that the GIS method was a useful tool in integrating forest inventory data and other data for classifying and mapping forest zones to meet the needs of the classified forest management system.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32192435)the Application and Demonstration Project of Network Security and Informatization Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS-WX2022SF-0101)+1 种基金the Liaoning Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2023021230-JH2/1018)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2023205).
文摘Climate change is the most severe ecological challenge faced by the world today.Forests,the dominant component of terrestrial ecosystems,play a critical role in mitigating climate change due to their powerful carbon sequestration capabilities.Meanwhile,climate change has also become a major factor affecting the sustainable management of forest ecosystems.Climate-Smart Forestry(CSF)is an emerging concept in sustainable forest management.By utilizing advanced technologies,such as information technology and artificial intelligence,CSF aims to develop innovative and proactive forest management methods and decision-making systems to address the challenges of climate change.CSF aims to enhance forest ecosystem resilience(i.e.,maintain a condition where,even when the state of the ecosystem changes,the ecosystem functions do not deteriorate)through climate change adaptation,improve the mitigation capabilities of forest ecosystems to climate change,maintain high,stable,and sustainable forest productivity and ecosystem services,and ultimately achieve harmonious development between humans and nature.This concept paper:(1)discusses the emergence and development of CSF,which integrates Ecological Forestry,Carbon Forestry,and Smart Forestry,and proposes the concept of CSF;(2)analyzes the goals of CSF in improving forest ecosystem stability,enhancing forest ecosystem carbon sequestration capacity,and advocating the application and development of new technologies in CSF,including artificial intelligence,robotics,Light Detection and Ranging,and forest digital twin;(3)presents the latest practices of CSF based on prior research on forest structure and function using new generation information technologies at Qingyuan Forest,China.From these practices and reflections,we suggested the development direction of CSF,including the key research topics and technological advancement.
文摘Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a significant role in changing the climate.However,they also face limitations,including uncertainties related to future global climate change,land use,and land cover.This paper summarized the important role of agroforestry systems in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance from the methods and means used in the research on carbon storage and carbon balance and the research status of carbon storage and carbon balance in agroforestry ecosystems at home and abroad,and pointed out the problems that need to be paid attention to in future research.
基金financed by Debre Markose University Burie Campus.
文摘Agroforestry,as a platform for harmonizing agriculture and forestry is a win-win approach for the farming community and environmental sustainability.However,its potential is not well studied and quantified in Northwestern highland.Thus,this study aimed to investigate the woody species diversity,and carbon stock potential of traditional agroforestry practices in Northwestern Highlands(NWH)of Ethiopia.A total of 120 households were selected using stratified sampling for household(HH)surveys,and vegetation inventory was conducted in the winter season of 2023 on systematically laid 400 m2 sample quadrats.Shannon-Weiner diversity index(H’),Simpson’s diversity index(1-D)and Shannon evenness(E)were calculated to estimate woody species diversity.Variation in species diversity and carbon stock within and between agroforestry practices was assessed by 1-way ANOVA and rank differences were separated by post-hoc,Tukey HSD multiple comparison test.The result showed that four different agroforestry practices were identified,consisting of 44 woody species belonging to 23 families.Homegarden was the richest in terms of woody species composition(30),followed by boundary planting(25),while parkland agroforestry had the poorest species composition(12).The total carbon stock of the agroforestry practices in the study ranged from 92.51±29.21 to 143.52±47.83 Mg/ha),with soil organic carbon accounting for about 57.66%,followed by aboveground biomass carbon with 32.1%.Homegardens agroforestry had contributed more to the total carbon stocks than the other agroforestry practices.The total CO_(2)sequestration by above and below ground biomass of woody species in the traditional agroforestry practices of the NWH was estimated to be 519.97 and 104.01 Mg/ha,respectively.The study confirmed that the traditional agroforestry practices of the NWH of Ethiopia maintain a high diversity of woody species and are remarkably important for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation.
文摘Entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs)represent a promising biological control strategy for managing insect pest populations,offering an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical pesticides.This review examines the application of EPNs in forestry,highlighting their biological and ecological characteristics,mechanisms of action,and efficacy against key forest pests.By exploring various methods of EPN application,including soil injection,foliar spray,and trunk injection,practical challenges and potential solutions for effective implementation are assessed.Case studies demonstrate successful use of EPNs in controlling pests such as bark beetles,wood borers,and root weevils,underscoring their potential for integration into integrated pest management(IPM)programs.Despite current limitations,including environmental sensitivity and application constraints,ongoing research and technological advancements continue to enhance the efficacy and reliability of EPNs.This review underscores the importance of EPNs in sustainable forestry practices and calls for further research to optimize their use and to address existing challenges,ultimately contributing to healthier forest ecosystems and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides.
基金supported by the Swedish Government Research Council for Sustainable Development(Formas)grant#2023-00994.
文摘Background: Continuous Cover Forestry(CCF) is a type of forest management that is based on ecological, environmental, and biological principles. Specific definitions of CCF greatly vary and the concept usually includes a number of tenets or criteria. The most important tenet of CCF is the requirement to abandon the practice of largescale clearfelling in favour of selective thinning/harvesting and natural regeneration methods.Methods: CCF is commonly believed to have its main origin in an academic debate that was conducted through publications in a number of European and North American countries towards the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Our findings are exclusively based on a literature review of the history of CCF and they revealed that the European origins of CCF go much further back to a form of farm forestry that started to be practised in Central Europe in the 17th century. Eventually, this type of farm forestry led to the formation of the single-tree selection system as we know it today. Another influential tradition line contributing to modern CCF is individual-based forest management, which breaks forest stands down into small neighbourhood-based units. The centres of these units are dominant frame trees which form the framework of a forest stand. Consequently, management is only carried out in the local neighbourhood of frame trees. Individual-based forest management also modified inflexible area-control approaches of plantation forest management in favour of the flexible sizecontrol method.Results and conclusions: We found evidence that the three aforementioned tradition lines are equally important and much interacted in shaping modern CCF. Since CCF is an international accomplishment, it is helpful to thoroughly study the drivers and causes of such concepts. Understanding the gradual evolution can give valuable clues for the introduction and adaptation of CCF in countries where the concept is new.
文摘Forestry technological innovation is an indispensable and important aid to the development of modern forestry and can effectively utilize forestry resources. Therefore, attention should be paid to the role of forestry technological innovation in promoting the development of modern forestry, so as to give full play to the advantages of forestry technology. Through the rational application of science and technology in the process of modern agricultural development and the promotion of forestry technological innovation, the healthy and sustainable development of forestry can be guaranteed, thus promoting the continuous improvement of forestry economic level and providing new economic growth points for our country.
文摘Seedling raising is not only a basic work in forestry industry, but also a key work. How to use seedling raising technology and manage seedlings is the key to forestry production. Management personnel will generally adopt the most advanced science and technology to carry out forestry seedling raising related operations, which can not only reduce the cost, but also improve the planting quality of seedlings. However, the current development level of forestry seedling raising in China is relatively slow, and traditional seedling raising techniques are still used in most forestry operations. The production efficiency of traditional methods is low and the quality of seedlings actually planted is mixed, which hinders the sustainable development of forestry industry. Therefore, based on the analysis of the technical management problems existing in the current forestry seedling raising in our country, this paper puts forward targeted solutions.
文摘Based on the actual forestry work in Keshiketeng Banner of Chifeng City, this paper analyzes the main problems existing in the popularization of forestry technology in grass-roots forestry stations, and then puts forward the countermeasures for improvement. At present, the software and hardware of the basic forestry station in Keshiketeng Banner to carry out the forestry technology promotion work are not perfect, the promotion function has certain contradiction, and the personnel structure is difficult to meet the needs of the forestry technology promotion work. The local government should create a software and hardware environment for grass-roots forestry stations to carry out forestry technology promotion, strengthen its technology promotion function, and take measures to optimize the structure of grass-roots forestry station technology promotion personnel.
文摘In this study, we developed a comprehensive index system for forestry sustainability of Heilongjiang Province, which includes forest resources sustainability,sustainable economic development, sustainable social development and sustainable advancement in science and technology. Based on this system and the regional forest development, we further evaluated the sustainability of Heilongjiang Province for year 2008-2013. The results show that even though the regional forestry has been preliminarily on the track of sustainable development, it is fragile. Four indicators, e.g. soil and water retention rate,forest stand growth（per unit area）, the proportion of national investment and the annual carbon sequestration have important impact on the sustainability, with a weight of 39.0 % in all the indicators. We also analyzed the factors hindering the sustainable development. It turns out that soil and water retention rate, forest stand growth（per unit area）,the proportion of science and technology funds, per capita GDP and the proportion of the tertiary industry production are the main factors hindering regional sustainable development, which accounts for 50.94 % of the total obstacle degrees in the system. At last, we discussed how to promote the regional sustainable development from the perspectives of forest resources sustainability, economic development sustainability, society development sustainability and the sustainable advancement of science and technology.
基金grants from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2572018BH02)Special Funds for Scientific Research in the Forestry Public Welfare Industry(Grant Nos.201504307-03)。
文摘Using the advantages of web crawlers in data collection and distributed storage technologies,we accessed to a wealth of forestry-related data.Combined with the mature big data technology at its present stage,Hadoop's distributed system was selected to solve the storage problem of massive forestry big data and the memory-based Spark computing framework to realize real-time and fast processing of data.The forestry data contains a wealth of information,and mining this information is of great significance for guiding the development of forestry.We conducts co-word and cluster analyses on the keywords of forestry data,extracts the rules hidden in the data,analyzes the research hotspots more accurately,grasps the evolution trend of subject topics,and plays an important role in promoting the research and development of subject areas.The co-word analysis and clustering algorithm have important practical significance for the topic structure,research hotspot or development trend in the field of forestry research.Distributed storage framework and parallel computing have greatly improved the performance of data mining algorithms.Therefore,the forestry big data mining system by big data technology has important practical significance for promoting the development of intelligent forestry.
基金supported by Bangladesh Academy of Science and University Grants Commissions of Bangladesh
文摘Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Dalbergia, sissoo Roxb., and Melia azedarach L. are little studied species in nutrient return capabilities from leaf litter decomposition to maintenance of the soil fertility despite their importance in agroforestry practices of Bangladesh. A leaf litter decomposition experiment was conducted using a litterbag teeh7 nique to assess the nutrient reaun efficiency of these species. The de- composition rate of leaf litter was highest for M. azedarach and lowest for D. sissoo. Rainfall and temperature of study sites showed a significant （p〈0.05） positive relationship with the rate of leaf litter decomposition. The highest decay constant was observed for M. azedarach （6.67）. Nitrogen and Phosphorus concentration in leaf litter showed a decreased trend sharply at the end of the first month, whereas rapid decrease of Potassium concentration was reported within 10 days. Conversely, higher concentration of nutrient was observed at the later stages of decomposition. All three species showed a similar pattern of nutrient release （K 〉 N 〉 P） during the decomposition process of leaf litter. Among the studied species, D. sissoo was best in terms of N and P return and A. indica was best in terms of K return.
文摘This study was performed in five villages of Sandwip Upazila, Chittagong district with a view to identify the tree resources, utilization pattern and economic return of major fruit and timber tree species. Information collected from a total of 60 households ranging from marginal, small, medium and large categories. Number of plant species increased with the increase of homestead area. A total of 33 plant species were recorded from the homegarden, of which 19 were fruit and 14 were timber tree species. Considerable number of vegetables was also planted under the shade of the homestead trees. The investment analysis showed that average benefit-cost ratios were greater than one, net present values were positive and internal rate of returns were more than 10%. Long term investment on horticulture and timber tree species is highly profitable if species like Artocarpus heterophyllus, Cocos nucifera, Tectona grandis and Swietenia macrophylla are planted.
基金The sludy was supported by a grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 70373044 and 30470302） and National Key TechnolooiesR＆D Program （No. 2001BA510B07）
文摘A forest fire can be a real ecological disaster regardless of whether it is caused by natural forces or human activities, it is possible to map forest fire risk zones to minimize the frequency of fires, avert damage, etc. A method integrating remote sensing and GIS was developed and applied to forest fire risk zone mapping for Baihe forestry bureau in this paper. Satellite images were interpreted and classified to generate vegetation type layer and land use layers （roads, settlements and farmlands）. Topographic layers （slope, aspect and altitude） were derived from DEM. The thematic and topographic information was analyzed by using ARC/INFO GIS software. Forest fire risk zones were delineated by assigning subjective weights to the classes of all the layers （vegetation type, slope, aspect, altitude and distance from r3ads, farmlands and settlements） according to their sensitivity to fire or their fire-inducing capability. Five categories of forest fire risk ranging from very high to very low were derived automatically. The mapping result of the study area was found to be in strong agreement with actual fire-affected sites.
文摘The urban and community forestry movement in the United States has matured over the last 20 years from managing street trees, to understanding the benefits of trees in urban ecosystems, and now to managing urban green infrastructure. This paper introduced the history, development, and major accomplishments of the urban and community forestry movement, highlighted the economic, ecological, environmental, and social values of forests and trees to communities, and discussed issues and trends of the urban and community forestry program in the United States.
基金financially supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany
文摘Homestead forests contribute substantially to the rural econ- omy of Bangladesh. Rural people depend on trees and plants for their energy usage, housing, food and other forms of subsistence livelihood. In order to identify the potential role of forests on homestead dwellers, an empirical field investigation was conducted in the four Upazilas of My- mensingh district of Bangladesh. It was found that land holdings of the respondents within the four sites are the highest in Mymensingh. The study made an important observation that among all homestead vegeta- tion between 5-6 years old, tree species are generally preferred over plants. This is perhaps due to the efforts of the social forestry extension service to demonstrate that planting trees is an important long-term in- vestment. In all four Upazilas, there was a significant correlation between household annual income and homestead forestry, agriculture and fisher- ies practice, suggesting that higher income families tend to have larger holdings of homesteads, farms and pond areas. Three Upazilas displayed a strong positive relationship （nearly 45%） between homestead forest areas and annual family income; however, the Fulbaria Upazila showed a very poor relationship （0.2%） in this regard. The results of this study suggest that homestead forests play a positive role in the rural economy, in addition to helping mitigate the increasing problem of deforestation in Bangladesh.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Funds of Jiangsu Province(CX(16)1005)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0600700)
文摘The response of soil fauna to the litter decomposition process has received considerable attention,but this effect has not been fully examined in agroforestry systems.A 1-year in situ decomposition experiment was carried out in a pure ginkgo plantation and two ginkgo agroforestry systems using a litterbag method(11 different treatments were tested in three systems).We found that the application of different organic materials(crop residues)produced positive effects on the number of soil fauna in the ginkgo planting systems;the mixture of ginkgo leaves and corn leaves was the best performing treatment.Collembola and Acarina were the predominant groups in the litter bags and were mainly responsible for the differences among the treatments.Litter mixing promoted the abundance,richness,and diversity of soil fauna,and significant differences regarding the Shannon–Wiener index of the soil fauna were observed among the 11 treatments in July.Significantly higher soil MBC(microbial biomass carbon)and MBN(microbial biomass nitrogen)were observed in agroforestry systems than in pure ginkgo plantations.These results suggest that the practice of intercrop residue application plays an important role in enhancing soil ecosystem function in ginkgo agroforestry systems and may ultimately contribute to sustainable intercrop production,soil fertility,and local economic diversity.
基金This work is supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LH2019G001)Q.Yue would like to thank the foundation for financial support.
文摘Forestry work has long been weak in data integration;its initial state will inevitably affect the forestry project development and decision-quality.Knowledge Graph(KG)can provide better abilities to organize,manage,and understand forestry knowledge.Relation Extraction(RE)is a crucial task of KG construction and information retrieval.Previous researches on relation extraction have proved the performance of using the attention mechanism.However,these methods focused on the representation of the entire sentence and ignored the loss of information.The lack of analysis of words and syntactic features contributes to sentences,especially in Chinese relation extraction,resulting in poor performance.Based on the above observations,we proposed an end-to-end relation extraction method that used Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit(BiGRU)neural network and dual attention mechanism in forestry KG construction.The dual attention includes sentence-level and word-level,capturing relational semantic words and direction words.To enhance the performance,we used the pre-training model FastText to provide word vectors,and dynamically adjusted the word vectors according to the context.We used forestry entities and relationships to build forestry KG and used Neo4j to store forestry KG.Our method can achieve better results than previous public models in the SemEval-2010 Task 8 dataset.By training the model on forestry dataset,results showed that the accuracy and precision of FastText-BiGRU-Dual Attention exceeded 0.8,which outperformed the comparison methods,thus the experiment confirmed the validity and accuracy of our model.In the future,we plan to apply forestry KG to question and answer system and achieve a recommendations system for forestry knowledge.
文摘County forestry economy is a strong power for regional green economic development,and an important way to improve farmers' income and promote living environment in urban and rural areas. According to the investigation of ten typical counties or cities with forestry industrial advantage,this paper sums up the elementary experiences of county forestry economy,analyzes its prominent problems. Countermeasures are brought forward to improve the development of county forestry economy.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Institutes(CAFYBB2019SY014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770747)。
文摘Poverty reduction is a world-wide concern.At the end of 2017,according to the rural poverty standard in China,there were 30.46 million poor in China.However,complete poverty alleviation by the end of 2020 had been achieved.This is significant and complicated,especially as poverty-stricken areas and ecologically fragile areas overlap.During the process of poverty alleviation,the development of forestry projects was not only conducive to improving the environment but also an important way to reduce poverty.Therefore,based on an analysis of the causes of poverty-stricken areas,this study examined successful cases in different regions and proposed ways to promote economic growth:providing state subsidies for tree planting and forest maintenance;developing undergrowth economy;and/or initiating an industrial chain.It also introduces principles to promote forestry progress,according to local conditions,keeping a balance between economic development and the environment.This study provides effective ways to promote forestry development and rural poverty alleviation.
基金Foundation project： This research was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （70373044＆30470302）, China＇s Ministry of Science and Technology （04EFN216600328）, and Northeast Rejuvenation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘This paper demonstrates a Geographic Information Systems （GIS） procedure of classifying and mapping forest management category in Baihe Forestry Burea, Jilin Province, China. Within the study area, Baihe Forestry Bureau land was classified into a two-hierarchy system. The top-level class included the non-forest and forest. Over 96% of land area is forest in the study area, which was further divided into key ecological service forest （KES）, general ecological service forest （GES）, and commodity forest （COM）. COM covered 45.0% of the total land area and was the major forest management type in Baihe Forest Bureau. KES and GES accounted for 21.2% and 29.9% of the total land area, respectively. The forest management zones designed with GIS in this study were then compared with the forest management zones established using the hand draw by the local agency. There were obvious differences between the two products. It suggested that the differences had some to do with the data sources, basic unit and mapping procedures. It also suggested that the GIS method was a useful tool in integrating forest inventory data and other data for classifying and mapping forest zones to meet the needs of the classified forest management system.
