Objective To study genetic polymorphism of 6 Y chromosomal STR in Hui ethnic group living in Ningxia Hui ethnic autonomous region, in order to evaluate their usefulness in forensic science and enrich the Chinese genet...Objective To study genetic polymorphism of 6 Y chromosomal STR in Hui ethnic group living in Ningxia Hui ethnic autonomous region, in order to evaluate their usefulness in forensic science and enrich the Chinese genetic information resources. Methods We investigated 101 unrelated, healthy, male individuals of Hui ethnic group and studied their allelic frequency distribution and haplotype diversity of 6 Y chromosomal STR. Primer for each loci was labeled with the fluorescent by FAM (blue) or TAMRA(yellow). The data of Hui ethnic group were generated co-amplification, GeneScan, genotype, and genetic distribution analysis. Results 31 alleles and 43 phenotype(DYS385) were detected, with the frequencies ranging from 0.0099-0.7129. Out of a total of 101 individuals, 96 showed different haplotypes; 91 were unique; 5 were found 2 times. The haplotype diversity for 6 Y-STR loci was 0.9990. Conclusion The date obtained can be valuable for individual identification, paternity testing in forensic fields and for population genetics because of 6 Y-STR loci high polymorphism.展开更多
Because of the nature of the human identification system,forensic doctors working in public security departments are responsible for cadaver examination and conducting crime scene investigations.These processes contai...Because of the nature of the human identification system,forensic doctors working in public security departments are responsible for cadaver examination and conducting crime scene investigations.These processes contain inherent risks,which often include various injury,poisoning hazards,and probable exposure risks with virus such as COVID-19.This paper discusses the occupational protections used for forensic doctors,such as crime scene corpse identification,autopsy building construction,risk assessment,and protective measures.Finally,we suggest the introduction of relevant rules and regulations that could guarantee the stability and safety of crime scene investigations and cadaver examinations.These measures may be helpful for forensic institutes and doctors working in public security departments.展开更多
Traumatic thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm is a rare and has a high mortality rate.Forensic identification in a living individual is even more rare.We herein present the case involving a 25‑year‑old male who developed a...Traumatic thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm is a rare and has a high mortality rate.Forensic identification in a living individual is even more rare.We herein present the case involving a 25‑year‑old male who developed a thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm after a traffic accident.The debate,in this case,focused on whether a causal relationship was present between the traffic accident and the aortic pseudoaneurysm.Based on the patient’s trauma history,clinical manifestations,clear evidence of chest trauma,surgical findings,and exclusion of potential diseases,we determined that a causal relationship was present between the trauma and the aortic pseudoaneurysm.We propose that potential autogenous diseases should be excluded in the future evaluation of similar cases.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the study was to introduce the development of forensic pathology for social-oriented forensic-identification institutions,using the Academy of Forensic Science as an example.Methods:Cases were col...Objective:The aim of the study was to introduce the development of forensic pathology for social-oriented forensic-identification institutions,using the Academy of Forensic Science as an example.Methods:Cases were collected from the Forensic Pathology Section of the Academy of Forensic Science and classified and organized according to gender,source,type,manner of death,and virtual autopsies of the cases over the years.Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and Excel tables so as to summarize forensic pathology for social-oriented services.Results:A total of 12,161 cases were collected from the forensic pathology department;the most cases were from the People’s Public Security sources,and the fewest cases were from the Department of Health;the most cases were commissioned for the examination of cadaver surface in forensic medicine(8323 cases),and the fewest were for injury examination(72 cases)and diatom examination(78 cases);there were a total of 322 cases of virtual autopsy examination during the 11-year period,of which 33 cases were performed for target-organ arteriography;the highest number of cases for accidental death examinations(8122 cases).Conclusion:The Academy of Forensic Science and other social-service-oriented identification organizations undertake identification work on cases commissioned to them by the local and local people’s public security,people’s procuratorates,and people’s court systems.Virtual autopsy technology and other new technologies,new methods,and new standards to make up for the shortcomings of the traditional autopsy,to provide identification and research support,and subsequent prospective research to provide a database.展开更多
Background:This study evaluates the noninvasive virtual autopsy(virtopsy),which uses imaging technologies like computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging to examine deceased internal structures,as an altern...Background:This study evaluates the noninvasive virtual autopsy(virtopsy),which uses imaging technologies like computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging to examine deceased internal structures,as an alternative to traditional autopsies due to its less invasive nature and greater family acceptance.Aims and Objectives:The aim was to assess virtopsy’s effectiveness by comparing it with traditional autopsies in 322 cases from the Academy of Forensic Science in China over a decade,focusing on various anatomical regions and tissues.Materials and Methods:Postmortem computed tomography(PMCT)and PMCT angiography(PMCTA)were performed on 204 cadavers before traditional autopsies,with the agreement between virtopsy and autopsy findings assessed using Cohen kappa values.Results:Virtopsy showed higher sensitivity in detecting fractures,particularly in hard-to-access bones,but was less sensitive to rib fractures.Autopsy was more effective for intracranial injuries and organ pathologies,while PMCTA excelled at revealing vascular lesions and injuries.Conclusion:Virtopsy is effective for certain tissues and organs,serving as an auxiliary and guiding tool in traditional autopsies,thus enhancing forensic diagnosis and case resolution.展开更多
Objective:To establish a robust ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)method for the simultaneous determination of imidazole compounds and their enantiomers in blood,uri...Objective:To establish a robust ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)method for the simultaneous determination of imidazole compounds and their enantiomers in blood,urine,and hair.Materials and Methods:Blood and urine samples were subjected to protein precipitation with acetonitrile,whereas hair samples were pulverized after washing and extracted with methanol,followed by ultrasonication and centrifugation.The supernatant was filtered through a 0.22μm membrane for analysis.Enantiomeric separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Lux^(■)Cellulose-3 chiral column using an isocratic mobile phase of 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate with 0.1%formic acid(60%)and acetonitrile(40%)at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.Detection was performed in positive electrospray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring.The method was validated according to international forensic toxicology standards and applied to authentic case samples.Results:The method demonstrated excellent selectivity and linearity(R^(2)>0.996).Calibration ranges were 5–3000 ng/mL for blood and urine and 0.05–30 ng/mg for hair.Limits of detection were 1 ng/mL for blood and urine and 0.02 ng/mg for hair,with corresponding limits of quantification(LLOQ)of 5 ng/mL and 0.05 ng/mg.Accuracy ranged from 86.00%to 114.58%,recoveries exceeded 86.75%,and matrix effects were within 0.01%–14.82%,all meeting forensic validation criteria.Application to 22 authentic hair samples revealed widespread exposure to etomidate,with the R-isomers of metomidate,propoxate,and isopropoxate detected more frequently and at higher concentrations than their S-counterparts.Conclusion:The established UHPLC-MS/MS method provides high sensitivity,selectivity,and reproducibility,with a wide linear range and straightforward sample preparation.Its successful application to multiple biological matrices underscores its potential as a powerful tool for the screening,quantification,and source tracing of imidazole compounds and their enantiomers in forensic toxicology and drug abuse monitoring.展开更多
文摘Objective To study genetic polymorphism of 6 Y chromosomal STR in Hui ethnic group living in Ningxia Hui ethnic autonomous region, in order to evaluate their usefulness in forensic science and enrich the Chinese genetic information resources. Methods We investigated 101 unrelated, healthy, male individuals of Hui ethnic group and studied their allelic frequency distribution and haplotype diversity of 6 Y chromosomal STR. Primer for each loci was labeled with the fluorescent by FAM (blue) or TAMRA(yellow). The data of Hui ethnic group were generated co-amplification, GeneScan, genotype, and genetic distribution analysis. Results 31 alleles and 43 phenotype(DYS385) were detected, with the frequencies ranging from 0.0099-0.7129. Out of a total of 101 individuals, 96 showed different haplotypes; 91 were unique; 5 were found 2 times. The haplotype diversity for 6 Y-STR loci was 0.9990. Conclusion The date obtained can be valuable for individual identification, paternity testing in forensic fields and for population genetics because of 6 Y-STR loci high polymorphism.
文摘Because of the nature of the human identification system,forensic doctors working in public security departments are responsible for cadaver examination and conducting crime scene investigations.These processes contain inherent risks,which often include various injury,poisoning hazards,and probable exposure risks with virus such as COVID-19.This paper discusses the occupational protections used for forensic doctors,such as crime scene corpse identification,autopsy building construction,risk assessment,and protective measures.Finally,we suggest the introduction of relevant rules and regulations that could guarantee the stability and safety of crime scene investigations and cadaver examinations.These measures may be helpful for forensic institutes and doctors working in public security departments.
文摘Traumatic thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm is a rare and has a high mortality rate.Forensic identification in a living individual is even more rare.We herein present the case involving a 25‑year‑old male who developed a thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm after a traffic accident.The debate,in this case,focused on whether a causal relationship was present between the traffic accident and the aortic pseudoaneurysm.Based on the patient’s trauma history,clinical manifestations,clear evidence of chest trauma,surgical findings,and exclusion of potential diseases,we determined that a causal relationship was present between the trauma and the aortic pseudoaneurysm.We propose that potential autogenous diseases should be excluded in the future evaluation of similar cases.
基金supported by grants from the Central Research Institute Public Project(GY2024D-1,GY2024Z-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171872)+5 种基金Shanghai Yangfan Special Programme(23YF1448700)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine(21DZ2270800)Shanghai Forensic Service Platform,Key Laboratory of Forensic Science,Ministry of Justice,the Project of Shanghai Association of Forensic Science(SHSFJD2023-008)the 2023 Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology,Ministry of Public Security,P.R.China(GAFYBL202308)Guizhou“Hundred”High-level Innovative Talent Project,Qian Science Platform Talents(2020)6012-2Guizhou Scientific Support Project,Qian Science Support(2023)General 452.
文摘Objective:The aim of the study was to introduce the development of forensic pathology for social-oriented forensic-identification institutions,using the Academy of Forensic Science as an example.Methods:Cases were collected from the Forensic Pathology Section of the Academy of Forensic Science and classified and organized according to gender,source,type,manner of death,and virtual autopsies of the cases over the years.Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and Excel tables so as to summarize forensic pathology for social-oriented services.Results:A total of 12,161 cases were collected from the forensic pathology department;the most cases were from the People’s Public Security sources,and the fewest cases were from the Department of Health;the most cases were commissioned for the examination of cadaver surface in forensic medicine(8323 cases),and the fewest were for injury examination(72 cases)and diatom examination(78 cases);there were a total of 322 cases of virtual autopsy examination during the 11-year period,of which 33 cases were performed for target-organ arteriography;the highest number of cases for accidental death examinations(8122 cases).Conclusion:The Academy of Forensic Science and other social-service-oriented identification organizations undertake identification work on cases commissioned to them by the local and local people’s public security,people’s procuratorates,and people’s court systems.Virtual autopsy technology and other new technologies,new methods,and new standards to make up for the shortcomings of the traditional autopsy,to provide identification and research support,and subsequent prospective research to provide a database.
基金supported by grants from the Central Research Institute Public Project(GY2024D-1,GY2024Z-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171872)+5 种基金Shanghai Yangfan Special Programme(23YF1448700)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine(21DZ2270800)Shanghai Forensic Service Platform,Key Laboratory of Forensic Science,Ministry of Justice,the Project of Shanghai Association of Forensic Science(SHSFJD2023-008)the 2023 Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology,Ministry of Public Security,P.R.China(GAFYBL202308)Guizhou"Hundred"High-level Innovative Talent Project,Qian Science Platform Talents(2020)6012-2Guizhou Scientific Support Project,Qian Science Support(2023)General 452.
文摘Background:This study evaluates the noninvasive virtual autopsy(virtopsy),which uses imaging technologies like computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging to examine deceased internal structures,as an alternative to traditional autopsies due to its less invasive nature and greater family acceptance.Aims and Objectives:The aim was to assess virtopsy’s effectiveness by comparing it with traditional autopsies in 322 cases from the Academy of Forensic Science in China over a decade,focusing on various anatomical regions and tissues.Materials and Methods:Postmortem computed tomography(PMCT)and PMCT angiography(PMCTA)were performed on 204 cadavers before traditional autopsies,with the agreement between virtopsy and autopsy findings assessed using Cohen kappa values.Results:Virtopsy showed higher sensitivity in detecting fractures,particularly in hard-to-access bones,but was less sensitive to rib fractures.Autopsy was more effective for intracranial injuries and organ pathologies,while PMCTA excelled at revealing vascular lesions and injuries.Conclusion:Virtopsy is effective for certain tissues and organs,serving as an auxiliary and guiding tool in traditional autopsies,thus enhancing forensic diagnosis and case resolution.
文摘Objective:To establish a robust ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)method for the simultaneous determination of imidazole compounds and their enantiomers in blood,urine,and hair.Materials and Methods:Blood and urine samples were subjected to protein precipitation with acetonitrile,whereas hair samples were pulverized after washing and extracted with methanol,followed by ultrasonication and centrifugation.The supernatant was filtered through a 0.22μm membrane for analysis.Enantiomeric separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Lux^(■)Cellulose-3 chiral column using an isocratic mobile phase of 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate with 0.1%formic acid(60%)and acetonitrile(40%)at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.Detection was performed in positive electrospray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring.The method was validated according to international forensic toxicology standards and applied to authentic case samples.Results:The method demonstrated excellent selectivity and linearity(R^(2)>0.996).Calibration ranges were 5–3000 ng/mL for blood and urine and 0.05–30 ng/mg for hair.Limits of detection were 1 ng/mL for blood and urine and 0.02 ng/mg for hair,with corresponding limits of quantification(LLOQ)of 5 ng/mL and 0.05 ng/mg.Accuracy ranged from 86.00%to 114.58%,recoveries exceeded 86.75%,and matrix effects were within 0.01%–14.82%,all meeting forensic validation criteria.Application to 22 authentic hair samples revealed widespread exposure to etomidate,with the R-isomers of metomidate,propoxate,and isopropoxate detected more frequently and at higher concentrations than their S-counterparts.Conclusion:The established UHPLC-MS/MS method provides high sensitivity,selectivity,and reproducibility,with a wide linear range and straightforward sample preparation.Its successful application to multiple biological matrices underscores its potential as a powerful tool for the screening,quantification,and source tracing of imidazole compounds and their enantiomers in forensic toxicology and drug abuse monitoring.
