AIM:To explore the association between consumption of spicy foods and prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)among Iranian adults.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,data from4763 Iranian adult participants were...AIM:To explore the association between consumption of spicy foods and prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)among Iranian adults.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,data from4763 Iranian adult participants were used.Consumption of spicy foods was estimated using a dietary habits questionnaire that included a question on spicy foods consumption:"how frequently do you use spicy foods(pepper,curry,ginger,cinnamon and turmeric)during a week?"Participants could respond to the question by choosing one of these choices:never,1-3 times,4-6times,7-9 times,or more than 10 times per week.A modified Persian version of the RomeⅢquestionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of IBS.RESULTS:IBS was prevalent in 21.7%(18.6%of men and 24.1%of women)of the study population.After controlling for potential confounders including dietary behaviors,those consuming spicy foods≥10 times per week were 92%more likely to have IBS compared with those who never consumed spicy foods(OR=1.92;95%CI:1.23-3.01,Ptrend<0.01).The association remained significant even after taking lactose intolerance into account(OR=1.85;95%CI:1.18-2.90,Ptrend<0.01).Stratified analysis by gender revealed that the association between consumption of spicy foods and IBS was not significant in men;however,a significant association was found among women after taking potential cofounders,including meal regularity and lactose intolerance,into account.Women who consumed spicy foods≥10 times per week were two times more likely to have IBS compared with those who never consumed spicy foods(OR=2.03;95%CI:1.09-3.77,Ptrend=0.02).CONCLUSION:Consumption of spicy foods is directly associated with IBS,particularly in women.Further,prospective studies are warranted to(1)examine this association in other populations;and(2)evaluate whether dietary interventions,for example a reduction in spice consumption,would improve IBS symptoms.展开更多
AIM To determine the predictive role of body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC) for diabetes and prediabetes risk in future in total sample as well as in men and women separately. METHODS In a population base...AIM To determine the predictive role of body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC) for diabetes and prediabetes risk in future in total sample as well as in men and women separately. METHODS In a population based cohort study, 1765 with mean ± SD age: 42.32 ± 6.18 healthy participants were followed up from 2003 till 2013(n = 960). Anthropometric and biochemical measures of participants were evaluated regularly during the follow up period. BMI and WC measures at baseline and diabetes and prediabetes status of participants at 2013 were determined. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used for determining the risk of diabetes and prediabetes considering important potential confounding variables. Receiver operatingcharacteristic curve analysis was conducted to determine the best cut of values of BMI and WC for diabetes and prediabetes. RESULTS At 2013, among participants who had complete data, 45 and 307 people were diabetic and prediabetic, respectively. In final fully adjusted model, BMI value was a significant predictor of diabetes(RR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.06-1.82 and AUC = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.59-0.75; P < 0.001) however not a significant risk factor for prediabetes. Also, WC was a significant predictor for diabetes(RR = 1.2, 95%CI: 1.05-1.38 and AUC = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.6-0.75) but not significant risk factor for prediabetes. Similar results were observed in both genders.CONCLUSION General and abdominal obesity are significant risk factors for diabetes in future.展开更多
BACKGROUND The risk of developing prediabetes based on the metabolic/obesity phenotypes has been poorly investigated. AIM To examine the association of baseline metabolic/obesity phenotypes and their changes over time...BACKGROUND The risk of developing prediabetes based on the metabolic/obesity phenotypes has been poorly investigated. AIM To examine the association of baseline metabolic/obesity phenotypes and their changes over time with the risk of prediabetes development. METHODS In a population-based cohort study, 1741 adults (aged > 19 years) with normal blood glucose were followed for 14 years. Anthropometric and biochemical measures were evaluated regularly during the follow-up period. According to body mass index and metabolic health status, participants were categorized into four groups: Metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to measure the risk of prediabetes according to the baseline metabolic/obesity phenotype and their changes during the follow-up. RESULTS In the whole population with a mean (95CCI for mean) follow up duration of 12.7 years (12.6-12.9), all three MUNW, MHO, MUO groups were at higher risk for developing prediabetes compared to the MHNW group (P = 0.022). The MUNW group had the highest risk for developing prediabetes (hazard ratio (HR): 3.84, 95%CI: 1.20, 12.27). In stratified analysis by sex, no significant association was found in men, while women in the MUNW group were at the greatest risk for prediabetes (HR: 6.74, 95%CI: 1.53, 29.66). Transforming from each phenotype to MHNW or MHO was not related to the risk of prediabetes development, whereas transforming from each phenotype to MUO was associated with an increased risk of prediabetes (HR > 1;P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that MHO is not a high risk, unless it transforms into MUO over time. However, people in the MUNW group have the greatest risk for developing prediabetes, and therefore, they should be screened and treated.展开更多
BACKGROUND The hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals are controversial.A dietary phytochemical index(DPI)has been suggested as an alternative method for quantifying the phytochemical content of foods.AIM To asses...BACKGROUND The hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals are controversial.A dietary phytochemical index(DPI)has been suggested as an alternative method for quantifying the phytochemical content of foods.AIM To assess the DPI in relation to liver function tests among a representative sample of Iranian adults.METHODS A total of 5111 participants aged 35-70 years old were included in this cross-sectional study by a multistage cluster random sampling method.Dietary intakes were collected by a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire with 121 items.DPI was calculated by the percent of daily energy intake taken from phytochemical-rich foods.Fasting serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and gamma glutamyl transferase(GGT)were determined.Linear regression was used to investigate the association between DPI and levels of liver enzymes using crude and adjusted models.RESULTS There was an inverse association between DPI score and serum ALP in the crude model(β=-0.05;P<0.001).This association remained significant after adjustment for body mass index,age,smoking,energy intake,history of diabetes,and education(β=-0.03;P=0.01).No significant associations were found between DPI score and serum levels of AST,ALT,and GGT.The individuals with the highest DPI scores consumed significantly higher amounts of fruits,vegetables,legumes,nuts,and cereals,yet were shown to have significantly higher serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,as well as several other metabolic abnormalities.CONCLUSION Higher adherence to phytochemical-rich foods was associated with lower levels of ALP,but no change in other liver enzymes.Those with higher DPI scores also consumed food items associated with a healthier overall dietary pattern;however,they also presented several unexpected metabolic derangements.Additional randomised trials are needed to better determine the effects of phytochemical-rich foods on liver function.展开更多
AIM To investigate the relation between plain water drinking and risk of depression and anxiety among a large sample of Iranian adults.METHODS A total of 3327 Iranian general adults were included in this cross-section...AIM To investigate the relation between plain water drinking and risk of depression and anxiety among a large sample of Iranian adults.METHODS A total of 3327 Iranian general adults were included in this cross-sectional study.Validated Iranian version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression.Water consumption was assessed by asking about the number of glasses of water that consumed daily.Water consumption was categorized into<2,2-5,and≥5 glasses of water/d.RESULTS In the crude model,the lowest level of water drinking(<2 glasses/d)compared with reference group(≥5 glasses/d)doubled the risk of depression and anxiety(P<0.0001).After adjusting potential confounders,this inverse link remained significant for depression(OR:1.79;95%CI:1.32,2.42;P<0.0001),but not for anxiety(OR:1.49;95%CI:0.98,2.25;P=0.109).In stratified analyses by sex,after controlling for potential confounders,water drinking<2 glasses/d was associated with 73%and 54%increment in the risk of depression in men and women,respectively(P<0.05),whilst no significant association was observed for anxiety either in men or in women.CONCLUSION We found inverse associations between plain water consumption and depression.Also,these findings showed a tended risky association,but not statistically significant,between lower levels of water consumption and anxiety.These findings warrant evaluation in prospective and clinical trials studies to establish the plausible role of water in mental health status.展开更多
The current review discusses microplastics origin,movement,and dispersion in the environment,the threats may pose for health,and how they can be tackled.Primary and secondary sources may produce these particles;for ex...The current review discusses microplastics origin,movement,and dispersion in the environment,the threats may pose for health,and how they can be tackled.Primary and secondary sources may produce these particles;for example,industrial plastic pellets or the breakdown of larger plastic items.The entry and deposition of these microplastics(MPs)and nanoplastics(NPs)into the food chain,during food processing and preservation lead to turn contamination of the seafood and meat,drinks,dairy products,cereals,processed foods,packaged products,and bottled drinking water.NPs are small enough to breach biological barriers and bioaccumulate in tissues.Although the long-term effects of MPs and NPs on human health have not yet been confirmed,their effects on inflammation,oxidative stress,and disruption of the gut microbiota have been verified.Therefore,this issue requires a multisectoral approach and it involves advanced techniques for the detection of MPs and NPs,alternative sustainable solutions to plastics,improved waste management systems,and proper public policies.Through the elaboration of the microspheres’omnipresence,the article further emphasizes the critical requirement for broad solutions dedicated to their minimization for food safety and human health.展开更多
Resveratrol(3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene,RES)is a polyphenolic phytoalexin widely studied in the recent years due to its known several biological activities.In spite of the potential benefits of RES,its use is restricte...Resveratrol(3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene,RES)is a polyphenolic phytoalexin widely studied in the recent years due to its known several biological activities.In spite of the potential benefits of RES,its use is restricted because of its photosensitivity,low solubility,and fast metabolism,which intensely challenge its bioactivity and bioavail-ability.As RES is unstable against environmental conditions and due to its low bioavailability,multiple methods have been provided for the encapsulation of RES to facilitate its practical application in various fields.Encap-sulation is introduced as an appropriate strategy in order to maintain stability,high absorption,and sustained release rate of RES.This review attempts to discuss the recent techniques used in loading RES in micro/nano-carriers and explain their wide applications in food and biomedical industries.展开更多
Skin diseases,such as atopic dermatitis,are highly prevalent worldwide and impose a significant financial and emotional burden on affected individuals and the healthcare system.Throughout history,there has been a keen...Skin diseases,such as atopic dermatitis,are highly prevalent worldwide and impose a significant financial and emotional burden on affected individuals and the healthcare system.Throughout history,there has been a keen interest in utilizing natural and herbal remedies to address various ailments,including skin conditions.Curcumin,a natural phenolic compound derived from the plant Curcuma longa L.(commonly known as turmeric),has garnered attention in this regard.While turmeric contains several bioactive compounds,curcumin is considered the most bioactive.In recent years,the use of curcumin as an oral supplement or topical ointment has gained popularity in the treatment of diverse diseases.This study aims to review the beneficial effects of curcumin on skin diseases,particularly atopic dermatitis,as well as explore its potential mechanisms of action.Curcumin exhibits several advantageous effects,including the activation of specific growth factors,reduction of pro-inflammatory production,strengthening of the immune system,mitigation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and antimicrobial activity.Numerous studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of curcumin as a supplement for the prevention and treatment of skin diseases.展开更多
The global appeal of alcohol-free and low-alcohol(NoLo)beverages clearly indicates that consumers are increasingly health-conscious,wellness-oriented,and inclusive,with these changes driven by shifts in culture,societ...The global appeal of alcohol-free and low-alcohol(NoLo)beverages clearly indicates that consumers are increasingly health-conscious,wellness-oriented,and inclusive,with these changes driven by shifts in culture,society,and regulations.The review covers consumer insights,production technologies,and future research in the NoLo beverages sector.Consumer motivations,particularly those from millennials and Generation Z,include health consciousness,cultural beliefs,and the sober-curious movement,with product demand driven by drinks that provide a sensory experience similar to traditional alcohol.Advances in dealcoholizing techniques,such as vacuum distillation and reverse osmosis,alongside advances in fermentation,and using functional ingredients for drinks have allowed for better quality of drinks;however,the scalability and price remain an issue.There is a gap in the knowledge about understanding long-term consumer behaviors,implementing sustainable methods of production,and seeking new food sources using biotechnological strategies.This review consolidates the current trends and evaluates some technological developments connected with future research opportunities to consider additional psychological,sociological,and environmental dimensions of the NoLo sector.Accordingly,this re-view deals with by integrating technological,regulatory,and consumer perspectives,offering academic signif-icance for food science and public health.展开更多
Periodontitis is a chronic,plaque-induced inflammatory disease characterized by polymicrobial infection and the progressive destruction of supporting periodontal tissues.While microbial biofilms initiate the disease,t...Periodontitis is a chronic,plaque-induced inflammatory disease characterized by polymicrobial infection and the progressive destruction of supporting periodontal tissues.While microbial biofilms initiate the disease,the host’s immune-inflammatory response plays a central role in driving tissue damage and disease progression.Peri-odontitis represents a significant global health concern,affecting approximately 40%of the adult population worldwide.An estimated 743 million adults,approximately 10.8%,are affected by severe periodontitis,contributing to substantial morbidity and healthcare burden.Polyphenols,naturally occurring compounds found in foods and medicinal plants,exhibit anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and antimicrobial activities.Their therapeutic potential has been explored in various chronic dis-eases,including cancer and cardiovascular conditions.Due to the inflammatory and microbial components of periodontitis,polyphenols are increasingly studied as adjunctive agents for its prevention and management.Polyphenols modulate both innate and adaptive immune pathways,as well as cytokine production,and may help restore microbial balance by shifting dysbiotic communities toward a healthier state.This review summarizes current evidence on the role of polyphenols in periodontal therapy,highlighting mechanisms of action and recent advances aimed at improving their bioavailability and clinical applications.展开更多
基金Supported by A grant from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,IranA Senior Research Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia(NHMRC Grant No.627002,2010-2014)to Feinle-Bisset C
文摘AIM:To explore the association between consumption of spicy foods and prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)among Iranian adults.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,data from4763 Iranian adult participants were used.Consumption of spicy foods was estimated using a dietary habits questionnaire that included a question on spicy foods consumption:"how frequently do you use spicy foods(pepper,curry,ginger,cinnamon and turmeric)during a week?"Participants could respond to the question by choosing one of these choices:never,1-3 times,4-6times,7-9 times,or more than 10 times per week.A modified Persian version of the RomeⅢquestionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of IBS.RESULTS:IBS was prevalent in 21.7%(18.6%of men and 24.1%of women)of the study population.After controlling for potential confounders including dietary behaviors,those consuming spicy foods≥10 times per week were 92%more likely to have IBS compared with those who never consumed spicy foods(OR=1.92;95%CI:1.23-3.01,Ptrend<0.01).The association remained significant even after taking lactose intolerance into account(OR=1.85;95%CI:1.18-2.90,Ptrend<0.01).Stratified analysis by gender revealed that the association between consumption of spicy foods and IBS was not significant in men;however,a significant association was found among women after taking potential cofounders,including meal regularity and lactose intolerance,into account.Women who consumed spicy foods≥10 times per week were two times more likely to have IBS compared with those who never consumed spicy foods(OR=2.03;95%CI:1.09-3.77,Ptrend=0.02).CONCLUSION:Consumption of spicy foods is directly associated with IBS,particularly in women.Further,prospective studies are warranted to(1)examine this association in other populations;and(2)evaluate whether dietary interventions,for example a reduction in spice consumption,would improve IBS symptoms.
文摘AIM To determine the predictive role of body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC) for diabetes and prediabetes risk in future in total sample as well as in men and women separately. METHODS In a population based cohort study, 1765 with mean ± SD age: 42.32 ± 6.18 healthy participants were followed up from 2003 till 2013(n = 960). Anthropometric and biochemical measures of participants were evaluated regularly during the follow up period. BMI and WC measures at baseline and diabetes and prediabetes status of participants at 2013 were determined. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used for determining the risk of diabetes and prediabetes considering important potential confounding variables. Receiver operatingcharacteristic curve analysis was conducted to determine the best cut of values of BMI and WC for diabetes and prediabetes. RESULTS At 2013, among participants who had complete data, 45 and 307 people were diabetic and prediabetic, respectively. In final fully adjusted model, BMI value was a significant predictor of diabetes(RR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.06-1.82 and AUC = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.59-0.75; P < 0.001) however not a significant risk factor for prediabetes. Also, WC was a significant predictor for diabetes(RR = 1.2, 95%CI: 1.05-1.38 and AUC = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.6-0.75) but not significant risk factor for prediabetes. Similar results were observed in both genders.CONCLUSION General and abdominal obesity are significant risk factors for diabetes in future.
文摘BACKGROUND The risk of developing prediabetes based on the metabolic/obesity phenotypes has been poorly investigated. AIM To examine the association of baseline metabolic/obesity phenotypes and their changes over time with the risk of prediabetes development. METHODS In a population-based cohort study, 1741 adults (aged > 19 years) with normal blood glucose were followed for 14 years. Anthropometric and biochemical measures were evaluated regularly during the follow-up period. According to body mass index and metabolic health status, participants were categorized into four groups: Metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to measure the risk of prediabetes according to the baseline metabolic/obesity phenotype and their changes during the follow-up. RESULTS In the whole population with a mean (95CCI for mean) follow up duration of 12.7 years (12.6-12.9), all three MUNW, MHO, MUO groups were at higher risk for developing prediabetes compared to the MHNW group (P = 0.022). The MUNW group had the highest risk for developing prediabetes (hazard ratio (HR): 3.84, 95%CI: 1.20, 12.27). In stratified analysis by sex, no significant association was found in men, while women in the MUNW group were at the greatest risk for prediabetes (HR: 6.74, 95%CI: 1.53, 29.66). Transforming from each phenotype to MHNW or MHO was not related to the risk of prediabetes development, whereas transforming from each phenotype to MUO was associated with an increased risk of prediabetes (HR > 1;P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that MHO is not a high risk, unless it transforms into MUO over time. However, people in the MUNW group have the greatest risk for developing prediabetes, and therefore, they should be screened and treated.
文摘BACKGROUND The hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals are controversial.A dietary phytochemical index(DPI)has been suggested as an alternative method for quantifying the phytochemical content of foods.AIM To assess the DPI in relation to liver function tests among a representative sample of Iranian adults.METHODS A total of 5111 participants aged 35-70 years old were included in this cross-sectional study by a multistage cluster random sampling method.Dietary intakes were collected by a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire with 121 items.DPI was calculated by the percent of daily energy intake taken from phytochemical-rich foods.Fasting serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and gamma glutamyl transferase(GGT)were determined.Linear regression was used to investigate the association between DPI and levels of liver enzymes using crude and adjusted models.RESULTS There was an inverse association between DPI score and serum ALP in the crude model(β=-0.05;P<0.001).This association remained significant after adjustment for body mass index,age,smoking,energy intake,history of diabetes,and education(β=-0.03;P=0.01).No significant associations were found between DPI score and serum levels of AST,ALT,and GGT.The individuals with the highest DPI scores consumed significantly higher amounts of fruits,vegetables,legumes,nuts,and cereals,yet were shown to have significantly higher serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,as well as several other metabolic abnormalities.CONCLUSION Higher adherence to phytochemical-rich foods was associated with lower levels of ALP,but no change in other liver enzymes.Those with higher DPI scores also consumed food items associated with a healthier overall dietary pattern;however,they also presented several unexpected metabolic derangements.Additional randomised trials are needed to better determine the effects of phytochemical-rich foods on liver function.
文摘AIM To investigate the relation between plain water drinking and risk of depression and anxiety among a large sample of Iranian adults.METHODS A total of 3327 Iranian general adults were included in this cross-sectional study.Validated Iranian version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression.Water consumption was assessed by asking about the number of glasses of water that consumed daily.Water consumption was categorized into<2,2-5,and≥5 glasses of water/d.RESULTS In the crude model,the lowest level of water drinking(<2 glasses/d)compared with reference group(≥5 glasses/d)doubled the risk of depression and anxiety(P<0.0001).After adjusting potential confounders,this inverse link remained significant for depression(OR:1.79;95%CI:1.32,2.42;P<0.0001),but not for anxiety(OR:1.49;95%CI:0.98,2.25;P=0.109).In stratified analyses by sex,after controlling for potential confounders,water drinking<2 glasses/d was associated with 73%and 54%increment in the risk of depression in men and women,respectively(P<0.05),whilst no significant association was observed for anxiety either in men or in women.CONCLUSION We found inverse associations between plain water consumption and depression.Also,these findings showed a tended risky association,but not statistically significant,between lower levels of water consumption and anxiety.These findings warrant evaluation in prospective and clinical trials studies to establish the plausible role of water in mental health status.
基金support given by the Nutrition and Food Security Research Center,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Iran(Grant Number:2403344,Ethics Code:IR.MUI.PAHNUT.REC.1404.006).
文摘The current review discusses microplastics origin,movement,and dispersion in the environment,the threats may pose for health,and how they can be tackled.Primary and secondary sources may produce these particles;for example,industrial plastic pellets or the breakdown of larger plastic items.The entry and deposition of these microplastics(MPs)and nanoplastics(NPs)into the food chain,during food processing and preservation lead to turn contamination of the seafood and meat,drinks,dairy products,cereals,processed foods,packaged products,and bottled drinking water.NPs are small enough to breach biological barriers and bioaccumulate in tissues.Although the long-term effects of MPs and NPs on human health have not yet been confirmed,their effects on inflammation,oxidative stress,and disruption of the gut microbiota have been verified.Therefore,this issue requires a multisectoral approach and it involves advanced techniques for the detection of MPs and NPs,alternative sustainable solutions to plastics,improved waste management systems,and proper public policies.Through the elaboration of the microspheres’omnipresence,the article further emphasizes the critical requirement for broad solutions dedicated to their minimization for food safety and human health.
文摘Resveratrol(3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene,RES)is a polyphenolic phytoalexin widely studied in the recent years due to its known several biological activities.In spite of the potential benefits of RES,its use is restricted because of its photosensitivity,low solubility,and fast metabolism,which intensely challenge its bioactivity and bioavail-ability.As RES is unstable against environmental conditions and due to its low bioavailability,multiple methods have been provided for the encapsulation of RES to facilitate its practical application in various fields.Encap-sulation is introduced as an appropriate strategy in order to maintain stability,high absorption,and sustained release rate of RES.This review attempts to discuss the recent techniques used in loading RES in micro/nano-carriers and explain their wide applications in food and biomedical industries.
文摘Skin diseases,such as atopic dermatitis,are highly prevalent worldwide and impose a significant financial and emotional burden on affected individuals and the healthcare system.Throughout history,there has been a keen interest in utilizing natural and herbal remedies to address various ailments,including skin conditions.Curcumin,a natural phenolic compound derived from the plant Curcuma longa L.(commonly known as turmeric),has garnered attention in this regard.While turmeric contains several bioactive compounds,curcumin is considered the most bioactive.In recent years,the use of curcumin as an oral supplement or topical ointment has gained popularity in the treatment of diverse diseases.This study aims to review the beneficial effects of curcumin on skin diseases,particularly atopic dermatitis,as well as explore its potential mechanisms of action.Curcumin exhibits several advantageous effects,including the activation of specific growth factors,reduction of pro-inflammatory production,strengthening of the immune system,mitigation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and antimicrobial activity.Numerous studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of curcumin as a supplement for the prevention and treatment of skin diseases.
文摘The global appeal of alcohol-free and low-alcohol(NoLo)beverages clearly indicates that consumers are increasingly health-conscious,wellness-oriented,and inclusive,with these changes driven by shifts in culture,society,and regulations.The review covers consumer insights,production technologies,and future research in the NoLo beverages sector.Consumer motivations,particularly those from millennials and Generation Z,include health consciousness,cultural beliefs,and the sober-curious movement,with product demand driven by drinks that provide a sensory experience similar to traditional alcohol.Advances in dealcoholizing techniques,such as vacuum distillation and reverse osmosis,alongside advances in fermentation,and using functional ingredients for drinks have allowed for better quality of drinks;however,the scalability and price remain an issue.There is a gap in the knowledge about understanding long-term consumer behaviors,implementing sustainable methods of production,and seeking new food sources using biotechnological strategies.This review consolidates the current trends and evaluates some technological developments connected with future research opportunities to consider additional psychological,sociological,and environmental dimensions of the NoLo sector.Accordingly,this re-view deals with by integrating technological,regulatory,and consumer perspectives,offering academic signif-icance for food science and public health.
文摘Periodontitis is a chronic,plaque-induced inflammatory disease characterized by polymicrobial infection and the progressive destruction of supporting periodontal tissues.While microbial biofilms initiate the disease,the host’s immune-inflammatory response plays a central role in driving tissue damage and disease progression.Peri-odontitis represents a significant global health concern,affecting approximately 40%of the adult population worldwide.An estimated 743 million adults,approximately 10.8%,are affected by severe periodontitis,contributing to substantial morbidity and healthcare burden.Polyphenols,naturally occurring compounds found in foods and medicinal plants,exhibit anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and antimicrobial activities.Their therapeutic potential has been explored in various chronic dis-eases,including cancer and cardiovascular conditions.Due to the inflammatory and microbial components of periodontitis,polyphenols are increasingly studied as adjunctive agents for its prevention and management.Polyphenols modulate both innate and adaptive immune pathways,as well as cytokine production,and may help restore microbial balance by shifting dysbiotic communities toward a healthier state.This review summarizes current evidence on the role of polyphenols in periodontal therapy,highlighting mechanisms of action and recent advances aimed at improving their bioavailability and clinical applications.
