In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have promp...In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have prompted a search for alternative options.Plant natural products(PNPs)with antimicrobial activity are being explored as a viable alternative.Among the various antimicrobial natural products studied,plant essential oils,plant flavonoids,plant polyphenols,plant polysaccharides,and plant antimicrobial peptides have been identified as potential candidates.PNPs demonstrate a diverse array of antimicrobial mechanisms,encompassing cell wall and membrane damage,interference with genetic replication,disruption of energy metabolism,and induction of oxidative stress at the single-cell level,as well as inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing at the population level.Certain PNPs have been harnessed as natural antimicrobial agents for the food preservation.The utilization of encapsulation technology proves to be an effective strategy in protecting PNPs,thereby ensuring good antimicrobial efficacy,enhanced dispersibility,and controlled release within food products.The utilization of nanoemulsions,nanoliposomes,edible packaging,electrospun nanofibers,and microcapsules formed by encapsulation has enriched the ways in which PNPs can be applied in food preservation.Although PNPs have great potential in food preservation,their widespread application in the food industry is currently constrained by factors such as production costs,safety concerns,and legal considerations.Chemical synthesis and biosynthesis pathways offer viable strategies for reducing the cost of producing PNPs,and ongoing efforts to assess safety and improve regulatory frameworks are likely to facilitate the broader adoption of PNPs in food preservation practices.This article provides an overview of the main types of PNPs with antimicrobial activity and their properties,focusing on their mechanisms of action.Additionally,it summarizes the use of PNPs in food preservation and discusses the characteristics and applications of different encapsulation technologies.Lastly,the paper briefly analyzes current limitations and proposes potential future trends for this field.展开更多
The novel identified receptor,GPR103,now renamed QRFPR(also referred to as SP9155 or AQ27),is the endogenous receptor for the neuropeptide QRFP(also referred to as 26RFa).The distribution pattern,structure,and biologi...The novel identified receptor,GPR103,now renamed QRFPR(also referred to as SP9155 or AQ27),is the endogenous receptor for the neuropeptide QRFP(also referred to as 26RFa).The distribution pattern,structure,and biological actions,such as feeding behavior,bone formation,and hormone secretion of QRFPR have been largely described in chordate species,while no research on QRFPR has been reported in non-chordate species.Here,the first non-chordates QRFP-like peptide receptor gene in the cephalopod Sepiella japonica(Sj_QRFPLR)was identified and characterized.Evidence from multiple alignments,phylogenetic analysis,and in vitro subcellular localization analysis indicated that Sj_QRFPLR is a class A GPCR and it belongs to the QRFPR family.Meanwhile,QRFPR is likely to be structurally conserved in cephalopod species.In situ hybridization and RT-PCR data revealed a widespread distribution pattern of Sj_QRFPLR in multiple function lobes of the female brain and numerous peripheral tissues in both male and female cuttlefish.Subsequently,a food deprivation and refeeding experiment showed that Sj_QRFPLR is likely to stimulate food intake in cuttlefish.Additionally,a possible link between Sj_QRFPLR and immune response was briefly detected in cuttlefish.The results will contribute to our understanding of QRFPR in the cephalopod as well as the peptidergic regulation of the QRFP/QRFPR system in non-chordates.展开更多
Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed dur...Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed during the thermal processing of seafood.The co-occurrence of cadmium and CDs from cooked seafood become a common phenomenon and co-exposure of them to human has been an inevitable route during long-term seafood consuming.In addition,it has been widely recognized that CDs can be used as nanocarriers for metal ion chelation for their transport into organisms,thereby,they could influence the bioavailability of metal ion.While there have been numerous studies on the toxic effects of cadmium or CDs,none have explored the combined toxicity of food-borne CDs from clams(CCDs)and Cd^(2+).In this study,we investigated the single or co-exposure(combined exposure)of Cd^(2+)and CCDs on PC12 cells to investigate the combined toxicity of them.Our analysis of cell viability revealed that CCDs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity induced by Cd^(2+).More in-depth metabolomics and lipidomics investigation indicated that the combined exposure of Cd^(2+)and CCDs led to significant metabolic disorders,causing an antagonistic effect on energy metabolism,and a synergistic effect on amino acids and lipids metabolism.The disturbance in metabolomics and lipidomics was further supported by the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species following co-exposure.These findings provide new evidence that support the enhanced cytotoxicity of Cd^(2+)by the CCDs derived from the thermal processing of clams.This study also declares the necessary that prioritize the investigation of the potential impact of other thermal processing hazards originating from heat-processed foods on the toxicity of heavy metal ions.展开更多
Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the...Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory issues along with increasing the platelet count in patients suffering from dengue.In this review paper,the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of guava leaves,including proteins,vitamins,minerals,and polysaccharides,have been reviewed.The methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from guava leaves and their bioactivities,including antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-cancer potential,have been explored.Further,encapsulation techniques for improving the transport of bioactive compounds and living cells into foods have been studied.The application of guava leaves in different food systems such as herbal tea,pork sausage,chocolates,jelly,meals for chickens,functional beverages,and as antibacterial agents in food preservatives has also been investigated.The findings of this review illustrated that the phytochemicals present in guava leaves showed excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Encapsulation appears to be a promising technique for improving the stability,bioavailability,and controlled release of bioactive chemicals extracted from guava leaves.Different methods for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds employed and applied in distinct food systems showed preservation of phytochemicals,improved bioactivities,and nutritional values.Overall,this review paper demonstrated how guava leaves,an abundant source of bioactive compounds,can be used as a multipurpose component to create functional foods,edible coatings,and active packaging to enhance the nutritional,antioxidant,and antimicrobial properties of various food systems that have qualities that promote health.展开更多
Despite their biodegradability and economic advantage, plant leaves used as packaging can constitute a public health problem. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial diversity contaminating plant leave...Despite their biodegradability and economic advantage, plant leaves used as packaging can constitute a public health problem. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial diversity contaminating plant leaves used as food packaging. In total, two hundred and forty (240) samples composed of Thaumatococcus daniellii and Musa paradisiaca leaves were collected and analyzed. Microbial diversity was assessed using specific medium and biochemical tests. The resistance profile was determined by the Müeller-Hinton agar diffusion method. The resistance (blaSHV, blaIMP, blaTEM) and biofilm formation (pslA, pelA) genes were searched by PCR method. Plant leaves were contaminated by bacterial (68.7%) and fungal (100%) strains. Extreme bacterial (7.1 log10 cfu/cm2) and fungal (3.5 log10 cfu/cm2) loads were obtained on Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves. Bacterial prevalence was 45.1% (S. aureus), 38.8% (E. coli) and 16.1 (P. aeruginosa). In order of decreasing importance, the prevalence of fungal species was 41.1% (A. flavus), 33.1% (A. fumigattus), 13.7% (A. niger) and 12.1% Candida sp. Resistance of E. coli to penicillins ranges from 31.6% to 87.3% and to cephalosporins from 13.3% to 28%. The P. aeruginosa strains were mainly resistant to aztreonam (87.6%). Those of S. aureus showed resistance to tetracycline (67.6), vancomycin (53), erythromycin (44.6) and levofloxacin (32.7). The blaSHV (14.28% to 18.60%) and blaIMP (9.52% to 16.28%) genes were detected in the bacterial strains. P. aeruginosa strains (19.05%) harbored the pslA and pelA genes. The health safety of these biodegradable plant-based packaging contributes to their valorization.展开更多
Nanobubble technology is one of the latest green technologies in food industry applications.Nanobubbles(NBs)are gas-filled nanoscopic bubbles with a diameter of<500 nm.The mass production of bulk nano-bubbles raise...Nanobubble technology is one of the latest green technologies in food industry applications.Nanobubbles(NBs)are gas-filled nanoscopic bubbles with a diameter of<500 nm.The mass production of bulk nano-bubbles raises growing interest due to their high stability,internal pressure,and an enormous surface-to-volume ratio.Also,they can increase surface area,alter the physicochemical characteristics of the medium,and facilitate mass transfer.Along with their size and stability,air,nitrogen,and carbon dioxide,NBs are widely recognized for their significance in food processing.The potential existence and ability of NBs to remain stable in liquids under ambient conditions have been a contentious issue for a long time due to the conventional thermodynamic theory.In this review,fundamental properties,and several generation methods of NBs have been described along with their mechanism.Moreover,NBs generation methods can produce fine and undeviating gas diffusion characteristics,which can be used to control the uniformity and textural qualities of various creamy and gel-based foods.Thus,we also described the possible applications of NBs along with their mechanism of action in extraction,freezing,foams,and film formation.The ability of NBs to impart health benefits makes them new,improved,and environmentally safe green techniques.展开更多
Milk fat globule membrane(MFGM),which contains abundant glycoproteins and phospholipids,exerts beneficial effects on intestinal health and immunomodulation.The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects ...Milk fat globule membrane(MFGM),which contains abundant glycoproteins and phospholipids,exerts beneficial effects on intestinal health and immunomodulation.The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects and possible underlying mechanisms of MFGM on cow’s milk allergy(CMA)in aβ-lactoglobulin(BLG)-induced allergic mice model.MFGM was supplemented to allergic mice induced by BLG at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight.Results demonstrated that MFGM alleviated food allergy symptoms,decreased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide,pro-inflammatory cytokines,immunoglobulin(Ig)E,Ig G1,and Th2 cytokines including interleukin(IL)-4,while increased serum levels of Th1 cytokines including interferon-γand regulatory T cells(Tregs)cytokines including IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β.MFGM modulated gut microbiota and enhanced intestinal barrier of BLG-allergic mice,as evidenced by decreased relative abundance of Desulfobacterota,Rikenellaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Desulfovibrionaceae,while increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Lactobacillaceae and Muribaculaceae,and enhanced expressions of tight junction proteins including Occludin,Claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1.Furthermore,MFGM increased fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)levels,which elevated G protein-coupled receptor(GPR)43 and GPR109A expressions.The increased expressions of GPR43 and GPR109A induced CD103+dendritic cells accumulation and promoted Tregs differentiation in mesenteric lymph node to a certain extent.In summary,MFGM alleviated CMA in a BLG-induced allergic mice model through enhancing intestinal barrier and promoting Tregs differentiation,which may be correlated with SCFAs-mediated activation of GPRs.These findings suggest that MFGM may be useful as a promising functional ingredient against CMA.展开更多
Cellular senescence is the results of aging and age-related diseases,and the development of anti-aging methods may improve health and extend longevity.The natural flavonol fisetin has been shown to antagonize senescen...Cellular senescence is the results of aging and age-related diseases,and the development of anti-aging methods may improve health and extend longevity.The natural flavonol fisetin has been shown to antagonize senescence in vitro and increases longevity in vivo,but has poor water solubility and limited bioavailability.In this study,a food-grade and senescent cell-targeted delivery system for fisetin was developed based on whey protein isolate-galactooligosaccharides(WPI-GOS)Maillard conjugate,which could recognize senescence associatedβ-galactosidase in senescent cells.The fisetin nanoparticles possessed a high encapsulation efficiency,excellent dispersibility in water,good storage stability and well biocompatibility.Moreover,they could effectively accumulate and retain in senescent cells with excellent senescent cell-targeting efficacy,and inhibit the oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence in vitro.Thus,this novel nanoparticle system based on WPI-GOS Maillard conjugate showed promise to deliver hydrophobic bioactive ingredients like fisetin to senescent cells to improve their bioavailability and anti-senescence effect.展开更多
Punicalagin has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,but whether and how it could impact hypercholesterolemia remains not fully explored.The aim of this study was to investigate t...Punicalagin has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,but whether and how it could impact hypercholesterolemia remains not fully explored.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of punicalagin on hypercholesterolemia in mice and its related mechanisms.After 6 weeks'intervention,punicalagin significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels in mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol(HFHC)diet.Meanwhile,punicalagin supplementation lowered hepatic cholesterol level,which corresponded to the down-regulation of cholesterol synthesis genes(Fdps,Cyp51)and up-regulated bile acid synthesis genes(Cyp7a1,Cyp27a1).In addition,bile acid reabsorption was retarded in punicalagin-fed mice through down-regulating ileal apical sodium-dependent BA transporter(ASBT).Furthermore,intestinal farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15(Fgf15)pathway was inhibited while hepatic FXR-small heterodimeric partner(SHP)pathway was activated in punicalagin group.Microbiota analysis and targeted metabolomics showed that punicalagin decreased the abundance of bile-salt hydrolase(BSH)-producing bacteria(Clostridiaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae)and the ratio of primary BAs to secondary BAs.In conclusion,the cholesterol-lowering effect of punicalagin partly through down-regulating cholesterol synthesis and increasing cholesterol catabolism,which could be achieved by regulating gut microbiota,altering bile acid composition and modulating FXR signaling pathway.These findings indicate the potential application of punicalagin-related products as an alternative strategy for hypercholesterolemia prevention and mitigation.展开更多
Edible oils derived from aquatic products are rich in lipids beneficial to human health.However,the volatile flavor characteristics of flesh oil and liver oil from Doederleinia berycoides remain unclear.In this study,...Edible oils derived from aquatic products are rich in lipids beneficial to human health.However,the volatile flavor characteristics of flesh oil and liver oil from Doederleinia berycoides remain unclear.In this study,flesh oil and liver oil were extracted from Doederleinia berycoides,revealing different fatty acid compositions and contents.Lipidomics analysis identified a total of 124 differential lipids between the flesh oil and liver oil,including 42 glycerophospholipids(GPs),33 glycerolipids(GLs),23 free fatty acids(FAs),13 sphingolipids(SPs),10 sterols(STs),and 3 prenol lipids(PRs).Analysis using HS-GC-IMS identified 12 key volatile compounds that significantly contributed to the distinct volatile flavors of the flesh and liver oils.The volatile flavors originated from these volatile compounds,which had different Relative Odor Activity Values(ROAVs).Further results from HSSPME-GC-MS showed that the volatile flavors of the flesh oil and liver oil were respectively attributed to 64 and 35 volatile compounds,each with unique key volatile compounds exhibiting different ROAVs.There were significant positive or negative correlations between 18 key differential lipids and 24 volatile compounds in both flesh oil and liver oil.Therefore,the complex lipid profiles are responsible for the unique volatile flavors of flesh oil and liver oil,and the differential lipids play a central role in their volatile flavor formation.These findings provide a foundation for understanding the volatile flavor differences in fish oils and hold promise for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying oil volatile flavors.展开更多
Aiming to provide a theoretical basis for possible uses of flaxseed as a food supplement and functional ingredient, the heat treatment of flaxseed was carried out using steaming, roasting, and microwave methods to inv...Aiming to provide a theoretical basis for possible uses of flaxseed as a food supplement and functional ingredient, the heat treatment of flaxseed was carried out using steaming, roasting, and microwave methods to investigate the detoxification effects of these three pretreatment methods on flaxseed, as well as the impact of the three methods on the quality of flaxseed. The results showed that all three pretreatment methods had better detoxification effects on flaxseed, in which, microwave treatment was the most effective method. After 5 min of microwave treatment, the hydrogen cyanide(HCN) content in flaxseed decreased from(94.65±1.68) mg/kg to(7.80±0.57) mg/kg. All three pretreatment methods significantly reduced the water content in flaxseed but had a weaker effect on protein, fat, and ash contents. After pretreatment by the three methods, the polyphenol content, peroxide value(POV), and a*value of flaxseed increased significantly, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) increased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) content, amino acid content, and L*, W*, and b*values decreased, with varying degrees of wrinkles and cracks appearing on the surface of flaxseed, and the overall signal pattern of FTIR spectra did not change much. During the 40℃ accelerated storage process, the quality of flaxseed treated by all three preheating methods generally declined, and correlation analysis revealed that color change was a good indicator of quality changes in flaxseed. Notably, all three pretreatment methods extended the shelf-life of flaxseed. Compared with steaming(120℃ for 20 min) and roasting(100℃ for 40 min), microwave(560 W for 4 min) is recommended to remove cyanogenic glycosides and improve the stability and quality characteristics of flaxseed.展开更多
Developing packaging using biomaterials offers a solution to the problem of solid plastic waste in urban areas. However, selecting suitable materials remains challenging, particularly when the packaging is intended fo...Developing packaging using biomaterials offers a solution to the problem of solid plastic waste in urban areas. However, selecting suitable materials remains challenging, particularly when the packaging is intended for food products with high moisture content, such as meat. In response to this challenge, a novel film comprising a blend of collagen fiber and polyvinyl alcohol, supplemented with varying concentrations of oregano and rosemary essential oils, was developed. The mechanical properties, in vitro antioxidant activity, and chemical composition of these collagen fiber and polyvinyl alcohol films, enhanced with oregano and rosemary essential oils, were thoroughly characterized. The compounds γ-terpinene and ρ-cymene played a significant role in the antioxidant activity of the packaging. The impact of this active packaging on the quality of sliced mortadella was evaluated over 0, 3, 6, and 9 days of refrigeration. Time significantly influenced most of the variables examined. The concentration of essential oils (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) significantly affected the moisture level, water activity, pH, and Escherichia coli count in the packaged product. For lipid oxidation analysis, the type of essential oil proved significant, with oregano essential oil demonstrating superior activity. A pro-oxidant effect was noted in products with 6% rosemary essential oil. Packages containing essential oils from oregano and rosemary exhibited lower E. coli counts. Films enriched with essential oils showed a higher rate of biodegradation.展开更多
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) as a result of poor nutrition, especially for deprived resourced households, is a big health concern in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, PEM accounts for 49% of ...Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) as a result of poor nutrition, especially for deprived resourced households, is a big health concern in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, PEM accounts for 49% of the 10.4 million deaths of children under five that take place in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of gum Arabic (GA) and texturized soy protein (TSP) and their interactive effect on proximate, functional, and textural properties of the protein-rich snack stick produced from ground green maize, GA powder, and ground TSP. GA varied at 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12%, while TSP varied at 0%, 12%, 24% and 36%. The 5 cm long protein-rich snack sticks were made using a sausage stuffer and baked in an oven at 110˚C for 1 hr 30 minutes. The snack sticks were subjected to proximate, functional and textural analysis using the standard methods. Increasing GA resulted in a significant (p p < 0.05) increased the protein content (32.46%), Ash content (3.6%), fat (11.96%), and moisture content (16.25%) of protein-rich snack sticks. The interactive effect between GA and TSP led to a decrease in fibre and carbohydrates. Results from this study show GA and TSP significantly enhanced the physico-chemical properties of protein-rich snack sticks. A sample with 4% GA and 36% TSP is recommended for the best physico-chemical attributes of the protein-rich snack stick.展开更多
Mucin 2(MUC2)is a critical component of the intestinal mucus barrier.Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)strains can improve mucosal homeostasis.In this study,we determined the expression of Muc2 induced by dead bacteria and cel...Mucin 2(MUC2)is a critical component of the intestinal mucus barrier.Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)strains can improve mucosal homeostasis.In this study,we determined the expression of Muc2 induced by dead bacteria and cell-free conditioned medium(CM)of 50 LAB strains in the human goblet cell line,LS174T.Dead bacteria or CM of LAB affected the Muc2 expression in a species-and strain-specific manner under homeostasis.Next,LAB strains with different regulatory abilities were selected,gavaged into mice,and exposed to dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)after 1 week.Different LAB strains inhibited intestinal injury to different degrees,with Lactobacillus acidophilus FCQHC4L1 exerting the most potent effect.FCQHC4L1 significantly decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors,promoted the expression and secretion of mucin,and inhibited colitis development.This strain also regulated the gut microbiota and increased the secretion of butyric acid.Moreover,CM of FCQHC4L1 inhibited endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and ameliorated the abnormal expression of MUC2 by suppressing the activation of the GRP78/ATF6 and GRP78/IRE1/XBP1 signaling pathways.Our results highlight the potential of FCQHC4L1 as a therapeutic agent for strengthening the mucus barrier and improving the gut health.展开更多
Highland barley tea(HBT)is made from roasted barley seeds and is abundant inβ-glucan,amino acids,minerals,phenolics,and other natural active ingredients.These natural compounds found in whole grains have been shown t...Highland barley tea(HBT)is made from roasted barley seeds and is abundant inβ-glucan,amino acids,minerals,phenolics,and other natural active ingredients.These natural compounds found in whole grains have been shown to slow aging and positively affect skeletal muscle function.As a result,studying the effects of HBT on the skeletal muscle health of the elderly population is critical from a scientific and societal standpoint for improving their health status and reducing the medical burden on society.The antioxidant activity and the content of natural active substances were used as indicators to screen the optimal process of HBT brewing.The effects of long-term HBT consumption on aging in mice were investigated by using HBT as a substitute for drinking water in naturally aging mice for a 5-month intervention.Afterward,various factors were measured,such as basic physiological indices,inflammation,plasma metabolites,skeletal muscle function,and exercise capacity,to evaluate the effects of HBT on aging in mice.Long-term consumption of HBT reduced body and spleen weight,increased body weight percentage of skeletal muscle,and reduced plasma inflammation levels in aging mice.Metabolomic results showed increased plasma levels of the mitochondrial marker short-chain acylcarnitine and some amino acids.Additionally,there was a decrease in bile and long-chain acylcarnitine.The level of fibrosis in the gastrocnemius muscle of aging mice was suppressed,and the percentage of typeⅠmuscle fibers was increased,improving the endurance of the mice.Thus,long-term consumption of HBT may reduce body weight and increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity and exercise capacity in aging mice by reducing inflammation levels and alleviating mitochondrial damage.展开更多
Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition...Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition on HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Here,we assessed liver inflammation and lipid metabolism by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR),and explored its relationship with intestinal flora and metabolites by 16S r DNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.In addition,we determined the effect of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α-X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α-XBP1)pathway on liver macrophage polarization by flow cytometry.In conclusion,our study has demonstrated that inulin ameliorates high levels of bile acids and colonic immune disorders induced by HFD,and improves hepatic macrophage polarization and hepatic lipid metabolism via the intestine-hepatic axis,thus providing a mechanistic basis for therapeutic approaches to modulate bile acids to improve colonic inflammation and NAFLD.展开更多
Our previous study has demonstrated that procyanidin A_(1)(A_(1))and its simulated digestive product(D-A_(1))can prevent acrylamide(ACR)-induced cytotoxicity in small intestine cells.However,the potential mechanism re...Our previous study has demonstrated that procyanidin A_(1)(A_(1))and its simulated digestive product(D-A_(1))can prevent acrylamide(ACR)-induced cytotoxicity in small intestine cells.However,the potential mechanism remains poorly understood.In this study,ACR treatment was found to increase the levels of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanine(8-OHdG)and phosphorated histone H_(2)AX(γH_(2)AX),two DNA damage markers,thereby resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase;whereas both A_(1) and D-A_(1) could prevent the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated(ATM)and checkpoint kinase 2(Chk2),and then regulate the expression of G2/M phase-related proteins,finally maintaining normal cell cycle progression.Moreover,A_(1) and D-A_(1) could increase the B cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio and decrease the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 proteins to alleviate ACR-induced cell apoptosis,which might be related to the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway.More importantly,A_(1) showed no remarkable variation in inhibitory effect before and after digestion,indicating that it can endure gastrointestinal digestion and may be a promising phytochemical to alleviate ACR-induced intestinal cell damage.展开更多
Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas lundensis have been reported as key spoilage bacteria in aerobicallystored chilled meat.However,the co-spoilage effect of these bacteria has not been effectively evaluated.This study ...Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas lundensis have been reported as key spoilage bacteria in aerobicallystored chilled meat.However,the co-spoilage effect of these bacteria has not been effectively evaluated.This study evaluated the spoilage potential of P.fragi,P.lundensis and P.fragi+P.lundensis in vitro and in situ at 4℃.The results showed that P.fragi+P.lundensis performed the highest growth rate and displayed larger decomposition zone diameters on raw-pork juice agar(RJA)plates.P.fragi+P.lundensis inoculants exhibited the strongest proteolytic activity,which resulted in the highest values of trichloroacetic acid(TCA)-soluble peptides concentration,total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N)content and myofibril fragmentation index(MFI)in chilled pork.Moreover,the inoculated samples showed different pH and sensory changes.Notably,increased amounts of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),such as octanal,nonanal,2-nonanone,1-propanol,1-octanol,isopropyl acetate,and 2,6-dimethylpyazine,were observed in inoculated P.fragi+P.lundensis samples,hinting their potential use as spoilage markers for spoilage monitoring of co-cultures.This study would provide a deeper understanding of meat spoilage and serve as a reference for future studies to inhibit meat spoilage.展开更多
This study investigated the impact of wheatgrass powder(WGP)as a functional ingredient in steamed bread from the nutritional and techno-functional perspective.The addition of WGP significantly enhanced the antioxidant...This study investigated the impact of wheatgrass powder(WGP)as a functional ingredient in steamed bread from the nutritional and techno-functional perspective.The addition of WGP significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner,attributed to its bioactive compounds,though thermal processing led to a reduction due to heat sensitivity.Physicochemical analysis revealed that WGP enrichment decreased moisture content(34.27% and 33.82% for 2.5%and 5.0%WGP vs.38.37% for control)and increased weight loss(1.45% and 1.52% for 2.5%and 5.0% WGP vs.1.27% for control),likely due to fiber-gluten competition for water,while water absorption capacity(WAC)improved with higher WGP levels(1.60 g/g and 1.92 g/g for 2.5% and 5.0% WGP vs.1.40 g/g for control).The microstructural analysis demonstrated that WGP disrupted the glutenstarch matrix,increasing porosity and reducing starch gelatinization,correlating with altered textural properties.Notably,WGP extended microbial shelf life by 48–72 h(delaying mold growth to 3–4 d vs.2 d in control),likely due to its anti-microbial bioactive constituents.Sensory evaluation indicated that WGP-enriched steamed bread achieved optimal consumer acceptance.These findings suggest that WGP is a promising functional ingredient for improving the nutritional and sensory quality of steamed bread,though optimizing processing conditions is crucial to mitigate the thermal degradation of antioxidants.展开更多
BACKGROUND Anhedonia,a hallmark symptom of major depressive disorder(MDD),is often resistant to common antidepressants.Preliminary evidence indicates that Pedio-coccus acidilactici(P.acidilactici)CCFM6432 may offer po...BACKGROUND Anhedonia,a hallmark symptom of major depressive disorder(MDD),is often resistant to common antidepressants.Preliminary evidence indicates that Pedio-coccus acidilactici(P.acidilactici)CCFM6432 may offer potential benefits in ame-liorating this symptomatology in patients with MDD.AIM To further assess the efficacy of P.acidilactici CCFM6432 in alleviating anhedonia in patients with MDD,using a combination of objective and subjective assessment tools.METHODS Adult patients with MDD exhibiting anhedonic symptoms were enrolled and randomly assigned to two treatment groups:One receiving standard antide-pressant therapy plus P.acidilactici CCFM6432,and the other receiving standard antidepressant treatment along with a placebo,for 30 days.Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-intervention using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale(TEPS),and synchronous electroencephalography(EEG)during a"Doors Guessing Task."Changes in both clinical outcomes and EEG biomarkers,specifically the stimulus-preceding negativity(SPN)and feedback-related nega-tivity amplitudes,were analyzed.RESULTS Of the 92 screened participants,71 were enrolled and 55 completed the study(CCFM6432 group:n=27;Placebo group:n=28).No baseline differences were noted between the groups in terms of demographics,clinical assessments,or EEG metrics.A mixed-design analysis of variance revealed that the CCFM6432 group showed significantly greater improvements in both HAMD and TEPS scores compared to the Placebo group.Moreover,the CCFM6432 group demonstrated a significant increase in SPN amplitudes,which were inversely correlated with the improvements observed in HAMD scores.No such changes were observed in the Placebo group.CONCLUSION Adjunctive administration of P.acidilactici CCFM6432 not only augments the therapeutic efficacy of antide-pressants but also significantly ameliorates the symptoms of anhedonia in MDD.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060520)Science and Technology Talents and Platform Program of Yunnan Province(202105AF150049)University Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Resources and Utilization in Yunnan Province(Yunjiaofa[2018]No.135).
文摘In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have prompted a search for alternative options.Plant natural products(PNPs)with antimicrobial activity are being explored as a viable alternative.Among the various antimicrobial natural products studied,plant essential oils,plant flavonoids,plant polyphenols,plant polysaccharides,and plant antimicrobial peptides have been identified as potential candidates.PNPs demonstrate a diverse array of antimicrobial mechanisms,encompassing cell wall and membrane damage,interference with genetic replication,disruption of energy metabolism,and induction of oxidative stress at the single-cell level,as well as inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing at the population level.Certain PNPs have been harnessed as natural antimicrobial agents for the food preservation.The utilization of encapsulation technology proves to be an effective strategy in protecting PNPs,thereby ensuring good antimicrobial efficacy,enhanced dispersibility,and controlled release within food products.The utilization of nanoemulsions,nanoliposomes,edible packaging,electrospun nanofibers,and microcapsules formed by encapsulation has enriched the ways in which PNPs can be applied in food preservation.Although PNPs have great potential in food preservation,their widespread application in the food industry is currently constrained by factors such as production costs,safety concerns,and legal considerations.Chemical synthesis and biosynthesis pathways offer viable strategies for reducing the cost of producing PNPs,and ongoing efforts to assess safety and improve regulatory frameworks are likely to facilitate the broader adoption of PNPs in food preservation practices.This article provides an overview of the main types of PNPs with antimicrobial activity and their properties,focusing on their mechanisms of action.Additionally,it summarizes the use of PNPs in food preservation and discusses the characteristics and applications of different encapsulation technologies.Lastly,the paper briefly analyzes current limitations and proposes potential future trends for this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872547)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LTGN24C190015)the Excellent Postdoctoral Program of Jiangsu Province(No.314865)。
文摘The novel identified receptor,GPR103,now renamed QRFPR(also referred to as SP9155 or AQ27),is the endogenous receptor for the neuropeptide QRFP(also referred to as 26RFa).The distribution pattern,structure,and biological actions,such as feeding behavior,bone formation,and hormone secretion of QRFPR have been largely described in chordate species,while no research on QRFPR has been reported in non-chordate species.Here,the first non-chordates QRFP-like peptide receptor gene in the cephalopod Sepiella japonica(Sj_QRFPLR)was identified and characterized.Evidence from multiple alignments,phylogenetic analysis,and in vitro subcellular localization analysis indicated that Sj_QRFPLR is a class A GPCR and it belongs to the QRFPR family.Meanwhile,QRFPR is likely to be structurally conserved in cephalopod species.In situ hybridization and RT-PCR data revealed a widespread distribution pattern of Sj_QRFPLR in multiple function lobes of the female brain and numerous peripheral tissues in both male and female cuttlefish.Subsequently,a food deprivation and refeeding experiment showed that Sj_QRFPLR is likely to stimulate food intake in cuttlefish.Additionally,a possible link between Sj_QRFPLR and immune response was briefly detected in cuttlefish.The results will contribute to our understanding of QRFPR in the cephalopod as well as the peptidergic regulation of the QRFP/QRFPR system in non-chordates.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2017YFC1600702)the Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development of China(2020JH6/10500002).
文摘Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed during the thermal processing of seafood.The co-occurrence of cadmium and CDs from cooked seafood become a common phenomenon and co-exposure of them to human has been an inevitable route during long-term seafood consuming.In addition,it has been widely recognized that CDs can be used as nanocarriers for metal ion chelation for their transport into organisms,thereby,they could influence the bioavailability of metal ion.While there have been numerous studies on the toxic effects of cadmium or CDs,none have explored the combined toxicity of food-borne CDs from clams(CCDs)and Cd^(2+).In this study,we investigated the single or co-exposure(combined exposure)of Cd^(2+)and CCDs on PC12 cells to investigate the combined toxicity of them.Our analysis of cell viability revealed that CCDs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity induced by Cd^(2+).More in-depth metabolomics and lipidomics investigation indicated that the combined exposure of Cd^(2+)and CCDs led to significant metabolic disorders,causing an antagonistic effect on energy metabolism,and a synergistic effect on amino acids and lipids metabolism.The disturbance in metabolomics and lipidomics was further supported by the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species following co-exposure.These findings provide new evidence that support the enhanced cytotoxicity of Cd^(2+)by the CCDs derived from the thermal processing of clams.This study also declares the necessary that prioritize the investigation of the potential impact of other thermal processing hazards originating from heat-processed foods on the toxicity of heavy metal ions.
文摘Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory issues along with increasing the platelet count in patients suffering from dengue.In this review paper,the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of guava leaves,including proteins,vitamins,minerals,and polysaccharides,have been reviewed.The methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from guava leaves and their bioactivities,including antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-cancer potential,have been explored.Further,encapsulation techniques for improving the transport of bioactive compounds and living cells into foods have been studied.The application of guava leaves in different food systems such as herbal tea,pork sausage,chocolates,jelly,meals for chickens,functional beverages,and as antibacterial agents in food preservatives has also been investigated.The findings of this review illustrated that the phytochemicals present in guava leaves showed excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Encapsulation appears to be a promising technique for improving the stability,bioavailability,and controlled release of bioactive chemicals extracted from guava leaves.Different methods for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds employed and applied in distinct food systems showed preservation of phytochemicals,improved bioactivities,and nutritional values.Overall,this review paper demonstrated how guava leaves,an abundant source of bioactive compounds,can be used as a multipurpose component to create functional foods,edible coatings,and active packaging to enhance the nutritional,antioxidant,and antimicrobial properties of various food systems that have qualities that promote health.
文摘Despite their biodegradability and economic advantage, plant leaves used as packaging can constitute a public health problem. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial diversity contaminating plant leaves used as food packaging. In total, two hundred and forty (240) samples composed of Thaumatococcus daniellii and Musa paradisiaca leaves were collected and analyzed. Microbial diversity was assessed using specific medium and biochemical tests. The resistance profile was determined by the Müeller-Hinton agar diffusion method. The resistance (blaSHV, blaIMP, blaTEM) and biofilm formation (pslA, pelA) genes were searched by PCR method. Plant leaves were contaminated by bacterial (68.7%) and fungal (100%) strains. Extreme bacterial (7.1 log10 cfu/cm2) and fungal (3.5 log10 cfu/cm2) loads were obtained on Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves. Bacterial prevalence was 45.1% (S. aureus), 38.8% (E. coli) and 16.1 (P. aeruginosa). In order of decreasing importance, the prevalence of fungal species was 41.1% (A. flavus), 33.1% (A. fumigattus), 13.7% (A. niger) and 12.1% Candida sp. Resistance of E. coli to penicillins ranges from 31.6% to 87.3% and to cephalosporins from 13.3% to 28%. The P. aeruginosa strains were mainly resistant to aztreonam (87.6%). Those of S. aureus showed resistance to tetracycline (67.6), vancomycin (53), erythromycin (44.6) and levofloxacin (32.7). The blaSHV (14.28% to 18.60%) and blaIMP (9.52% to 16.28%) genes were detected in the bacterial strains. P. aeruginosa strains (19.05%) harbored the pslA and pelA genes. The health safety of these biodegradable plant-based packaging contributes to their valorization.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2022YFD2100100)National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(32272776+5 种基金32001748)Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,China(202003N4311)Zhejiang Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project,China(LGN21C200018)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02033,2021C02014)China and 72nd Postdoctoral Foundation(2022M713423)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)。
文摘Nanobubble technology is one of the latest green technologies in food industry applications.Nanobubbles(NBs)are gas-filled nanoscopic bubbles with a diameter of<500 nm.The mass production of bulk nano-bubbles raises growing interest due to their high stability,internal pressure,and an enormous surface-to-volume ratio.Also,they can increase surface area,alter the physicochemical characteristics of the medium,and facilitate mass transfer.Along with their size and stability,air,nitrogen,and carbon dioxide,NBs are widely recognized for their significance in food processing.The potential existence and ability of NBs to remain stable in liquids under ambient conditions have been a contentious issue for a long time due to the conventional thermodynamic theory.In this review,fundamental properties,and several generation methods of NBs have been described along with their mechanism.Moreover,NBs generation methods can produce fine and undeviating gas diffusion characteristics,which can be used to control the uniformity and textural qualities of various creamy and gel-based foods.Thus,we also described the possible applications of NBs along with their mechanism of action in extraction,freezing,foams,and film formation.The ability of NBs to impart health benefits makes them new,improved,and environmentally safe green techniques.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1605000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31871806)the Beijing Livestock Industry Innovation Team(BAIC05-2023)。
文摘Milk fat globule membrane(MFGM),which contains abundant glycoproteins and phospholipids,exerts beneficial effects on intestinal health and immunomodulation.The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects and possible underlying mechanisms of MFGM on cow’s milk allergy(CMA)in aβ-lactoglobulin(BLG)-induced allergic mice model.MFGM was supplemented to allergic mice induced by BLG at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight.Results demonstrated that MFGM alleviated food allergy symptoms,decreased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide,pro-inflammatory cytokines,immunoglobulin(Ig)E,Ig G1,and Th2 cytokines including interleukin(IL)-4,while increased serum levels of Th1 cytokines including interferon-γand regulatory T cells(Tregs)cytokines including IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β.MFGM modulated gut microbiota and enhanced intestinal barrier of BLG-allergic mice,as evidenced by decreased relative abundance of Desulfobacterota,Rikenellaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Desulfovibrionaceae,while increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Lactobacillaceae and Muribaculaceae,and enhanced expressions of tight junction proteins including Occludin,Claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1.Furthermore,MFGM increased fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)levels,which elevated G protein-coupled receptor(GPR)43 and GPR109A expressions.The increased expressions of GPR43 and GPR109A induced CD103+dendritic cells accumulation and promoted Tregs differentiation in mesenteric lymph node to a certain extent.In summary,MFGM alleviated CMA in a BLG-induced allergic mice model through enhancing intestinal barrier and promoting Tregs differentiation,which may be correlated with SCFAs-mediated activation of GPRs.These findings suggest that MFGM may be useful as a promising functional ingredient against CMA.
基金supported by Dalian Youth Science and Technology Star Project(2020RQ121)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(31925031)+1 种基金Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Province(2020-BS-211)Liaoning Province Education Administration(J2020101)。
文摘Cellular senescence is the results of aging and age-related diseases,and the development of anti-aging methods may improve health and extend longevity.The natural flavonol fisetin has been shown to antagonize senescence in vitro and increases longevity in vivo,but has poor water solubility and limited bioavailability.In this study,a food-grade and senescent cell-targeted delivery system for fisetin was developed based on whey protein isolate-galactooligosaccharides(WPI-GOS)Maillard conjugate,which could recognize senescence associatedβ-galactosidase in senescent cells.The fisetin nanoparticles possessed a high encapsulation efficiency,excellent dispersibility in water,good storage stability and well biocompatibility.Moreover,they could effectively accumulate and retain in senescent cells with excellent senescent cell-targeting efficacy,and inhibit the oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence in vitro.Thus,this novel nanoparticle system based on WPI-GOS Maillard conjugate showed promise to deliver hydrophobic bioactive ingredients like fisetin to senescent cells to improve their bioavailability and anti-senescence effect.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100104)the Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2022JM-111)Graduate Innovation Fund of Dalian Polytechnic University。
文摘Punicalagin has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,but whether and how it could impact hypercholesterolemia remains not fully explored.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of punicalagin on hypercholesterolemia in mice and its related mechanisms.After 6 weeks'intervention,punicalagin significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels in mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol(HFHC)diet.Meanwhile,punicalagin supplementation lowered hepatic cholesterol level,which corresponded to the down-regulation of cholesterol synthesis genes(Fdps,Cyp51)and up-regulated bile acid synthesis genes(Cyp7a1,Cyp27a1).In addition,bile acid reabsorption was retarded in punicalagin-fed mice through down-regulating ileal apical sodium-dependent BA transporter(ASBT).Furthermore,intestinal farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15(Fgf15)pathway was inhibited while hepatic FXR-small heterodimeric partner(SHP)pathway was activated in punicalagin group.Microbiota analysis and targeted metabolomics showed that punicalagin decreased the abundance of bile-salt hydrolase(BSH)-producing bacteria(Clostridiaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae)and the ratio of primary BAs to secondary BAs.In conclusion,the cholesterol-lowering effect of punicalagin partly through down-regulating cholesterol synthesis and increasing cholesterol catabolism,which could be achieved by regulating gut microbiota,altering bile acid composition and modulating FXR signaling pathway.These findings indicate the potential application of punicalagin-related products as an alternative strategy for hypercholesterolemia prevention and mitigation.
基金supported by the R&D Projects in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(2023B0202080003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472272,32302135,32072291)+1 种基金“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2023C02006)Youth S&T Talent Support Programme of Guangdong Provincial Association for Science and Technology(SKXRC202401)。
文摘Edible oils derived from aquatic products are rich in lipids beneficial to human health.However,the volatile flavor characteristics of flesh oil and liver oil from Doederleinia berycoides remain unclear.In this study,flesh oil and liver oil were extracted from Doederleinia berycoides,revealing different fatty acid compositions and contents.Lipidomics analysis identified a total of 124 differential lipids between the flesh oil and liver oil,including 42 glycerophospholipids(GPs),33 glycerolipids(GLs),23 free fatty acids(FAs),13 sphingolipids(SPs),10 sterols(STs),and 3 prenol lipids(PRs).Analysis using HS-GC-IMS identified 12 key volatile compounds that significantly contributed to the distinct volatile flavors of the flesh and liver oils.The volatile flavors originated from these volatile compounds,which had different Relative Odor Activity Values(ROAVs).Further results from HSSPME-GC-MS showed that the volatile flavors of the flesh oil and liver oil were respectively attributed to 64 and 35 volatile compounds,each with unique key volatile compounds exhibiting different ROAVs.There were significant positive or negative correlations between 18 key differential lipids and 24 volatile compounds in both flesh oil and liver oil.Therefore,the complex lipid profiles are responsible for the unique volatile flavors of flesh oil and liver oil,and the differential lipids play a central role in their volatile flavor formation.These findings provide a foundation for understanding the volatile flavor differences in fish oils and hold promise for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying oil volatile flavors.
基金Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project (2022JJ11CG008)。
文摘Aiming to provide a theoretical basis for possible uses of flaxseed as a food supplement and functional ingredient, the heat treatment of flaxseed was carried out using steaming, roasting, and microwave methods to investigate the detoxification effects of these three pretreatment methods on flaxseed, as well as the impact of the three methods on the quality of flaxseed. The results showed that all three pretreatment methods had better detoxification effects on flaxseed, in which, microwave treatment was the most effective method. After 5 min of microwave treatment, the hydrogen cyanide(HCN) content in flaxseed decreased from(94.65±1.68) mg/kg to(7.80±0.57) mg/kg. All three pretreatment methods significantly reduced the water content in flaxseed but had a weaker effect on protein, fat, and ash contents. After pretreatment by the three methods, the polyphenol content, peroxide value(POV), and a*value of flaxseed increased significantly, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) increased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) content, amino acid content, and L*, W*, and b*values decreased, with varying degrees of wrinkles and cracks appearing on the surface of flaxseed, and the overall signal pattern of FTIR spectra did not change much. During the 40℃ accelerated storage process, the quality of flaxseed treated by all three preheating methods generally declined, and correlation analysis revealed that color change was a good indicator of quality changes in flaxseed. Notably, all three pretreatment methods extended the shelf-life of flaxseed. Compared with steaming(120℃ for 20 min) and roasting(100℃ for 40 min), microwave(560 W for 4 min) is recommended to remove cyanogenic glycosides and improve the stability and quality characteristics of flaxseed.
文摘Developing packaging using biomaterials offers a solution to the problem of solid plastic waste in urban areas. However, selecting suitable materials remains challenging, particularly when the packaging is intended for food products with high moisture content, such as meat. In response to this challenge, a novel film comprising a blend of collagen fiber and polyvinyl alcohol, supplemented with varying concentrations of oregano and rosemary essential oils, was developed. The mechanical properties, in vitro antioxidant activity, and chemical composition of these collagen fiber and polyvinyl alcohol films, enhanced with oregano and rosemary essential oils, were thoroughly characterized. The compounds γ-terpinene and ρ-cymene played a significant role in the antioxidant activity of the packaging. The impact of this active packaging on the quality of sliced mortadella was evaluated over 0, 3, 6, and 9 days of refrigeration. Time significantly influenced most of the variables examined. The concentration of essential oils (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) significantly affected the moisture level, water activity, pH, and Escherichia coli count in the packaged product. For lipid oxidation analysis, the type of essential oil proved significant, with oregano essential oil demonstrating superior activity. A pro-oxidant effect was noted in products with 6% rosemary essential oil. Packages containing essential oils from oregano and rosemary exhibited lower E. coli counts. Films enriched with essential oils showed a higher rate of biodegradation.
文摘Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) as a result of poor nutrition, especially for deprived resourced households, is a big health concern in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, PEM accounts for 49% of the 10.4 million deaths of children under five that take place in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of gum Arabic (GA) and texturized soy protein (TSP) and their interactive effect on proximate, functional, and textural properties of the protein-rich snack stick produced from ground green maize, GA powder, and ground TSP. GA varied at 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12%, while TSP varied at 0%, 12%, 24% and 36%. The 5 cm long protein-rich snack sticks were made using a sausage stuffer and baked in an oven at 110˚C for 1 hr 30 minutes. The snack sticks were subjected to proximate, functional and textural analysis using the standard methods. Increasing GA resulted in a significant (p p < 0.05) increased the protein content (32.46%), Ash content (3.6%), fat (11.96%), and moisture content (16.25%) of protein-rich snack sticks. The interactive effect between GA and TSP led to a decrease in fibre and carbohydrates. Results from this study show GA and TSP significantly enhanced the physico-chemical properties of protein-rich snack sticks. A sample with 4% GA and 36% TSP is recommended for the best physico-chemical attributes of the protein-rich snack stick.
基金funded by the Guangdong Province Key Research and Development Project(2022B111107006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32021005 and 31820103010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP622013)。
文摘Mucin 2(MUC2)is a critical component of the intestinal mucus barrier.Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)strains can improve mucosal homeostasis.In this study,we determined the expression of Muc2 induced by dead bacteria and cell-free conditioned medium(CM)of 50 LAB strains in the human goblet cell line,LS174T.Dead bacteria or CM of LAB affected the Muc2 expression in a species-and strain-specific manner under homeostasis.Next,LAB strains with different regulatory abilities were selected,gavaged into mice,and exposed to dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)after 1 week.Different LAB strains inhibited intestinal injury to different degrees,with Lactobacillus acidophilus FCQHC4L1 exerting the most potent effect.FCQHC4L1 significantly decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors,promoted the expression and secretion of mucin,and inhibited colitis development.This strain also regulated the gut microbiota and increased the secretion of butyric acid.Moreover,CM of FCQHC4L1 inhibited endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and ameliorated the abnormal expression of MUC2 by suppressing the activation of the GRP78/ATF6 and GRP78/IRE1/XBP1 signaling pathways.Our results highlight the potential of FCQHC4L1 as a therapeutic agent for strengthening the mucus barrier and improving the gut health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071166 and 32072254)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFF1100502)+2 种基金the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Reasearch System(CARS-08-G19)the“Qing Lan Project”of Jiangsu Province and the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2020QNRC001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP622027)。
文摘Highland barley tea(HBT)is made from roasted barley seeds and is abundant inβ-glucan,amino acids,minerals,phenolics,and other natural active ingredients.These natural compounds found in whole grains have been shown to slow aging and positively affect skeletal muscle function.As a result,studying the effects of HBT on the skeletal muscle health of the elderly population is critical from a scientific and societal standpoint for improving their health status and reducing the medical burden on society.The antioxidant activity and the content of natural active substances were used as indicators to screen the optimal process of HBT brewing.The effects of long-term HBT consumption on aging in mice were investigated by using HBT as a substitute for drinking water in naturally aging mice for a 5-month intervention.Afterward,various factors were measured,such as basic physiological indices,inflammation,plasma metabolites,skeletal muscle function,and exercise capacity,to evaluate the effects of HBT on aging in mice.Long-term consumption of HBT reduced body and spleen weight,increased body weight percentage of skeletal muscle,and reduced plasma inflammation levels in aging mice.Metabolomic results showed increased plasma levels of the mitochondrial marker short-chain acylcarnitine and some amino acids.Additionally,there was a decrease in bile and long-chain acylcarnitine.The level of fibrosis in the gastrocnemius muscle of aging mice was suppressed,and the percentage of typeⅠmuscle fibers was increased,improving the endurance of the mice.Thus,long-term consumption of HBT may reduce body weight and increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity and exercise capacity in aging mice by reducing inflammation levels and alleviating mitochondrial damage.
基金supported by the projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901701)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1606704)+1 种基金Key R&D Program Project of Shaanxi Province(2024NC-YBXM-151-4)Science and Technology Plan Project of Xi'an(2014JH-NYYB-0103)。
文摘Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition on HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Here,we assessed liver inflammation and lipid metabolism by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR),and explored its relationship with intestinal flora and metabolites by 16S r DNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.In addition,we determined the effect of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α-X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α-XBP1)pathway on liver macrophage polarization by flow cytometry.In conclusion,our study has demonstrated that inulin ameliorates high levels of bile acids and colonic immune disorders induced by HFD,and improves hepatic macrophage polarization and hepatic lipid metabolism via the intestine-hepatic axis,thus providing a mechanistic basis for therapeutic approaches to modulate bile acids to improve colonic inflammation and NAFLD.
基金supported by the project from National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671962)Excellent Youth Foundation of Education Department of Hunan Province(23B0229)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662019PY034).
文摘Our previous study has demonstrated that procyanidin A_(1)(A_(1))and its simulated digestive product(D-A_(1))can prevent acrylamide(ACR)-induced cytotoxicity in small intestine cells.However,the potential mechanism remains poorly understood.In this study,ACR treatment was found to increase the levels of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanine(8-OHdG)and phosphorated histone H_(2)AX(γH_(2)AX),two DNA damage markers,thereby resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase;whereas both A_(1) and D-A_(1) could prevent the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated(ATM)and checkpoint kinase 2(Chk2),and then regulate the expression of G2/M phase-related proteins,finally maintaining normal cell cycle progression.Moreover,A_(1) and D-A_(1) could increase the B cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio and decrease the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 proteins to alleviate ACR-induced cell apoptosis,which might be related to the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway.More importantly,A_(1) showed no remarkable variation in inhibitory effect before and after digestion,indicating that it can endure gastrointestinal digestion and may be a promising phytochemical to alleviate ACR-induced intestinal cell damage.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372404)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2100802-02)。
文摘Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas lundensis have been reported as key spoilage bacteria in aerobicallystored chilled meat.However,the co-spoilage effect of these bacteria has not been effectively evaluated.This study evaluated the spoilage potential of P.fragi,P.lundensis and P.fragi+P.lundensis in vitro and in situ at 4℃.The results showed that P.fragi+P.lundensis performed the highest growth rate and displayed larger decomposition zone diameters on raw-pork juice agar(RJA)plates.P.fragi+P.lundensis inoculants exhibited the strongest proteolytic activity,which resulted in the highest values of trichloroacetic acid(TCA)-soluble peptides concentration,total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N)content and myofibril fragmentation index(MFI)in chilled pork.Moreover,the inoculated samples showed different pH and sensory changes.Notably,increased amounts of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),such as octanal,nonanal,2-nonanone,1-propanol,1-octanol,isopropyl acetate,and 2,6-dimethylpyazine,were observed in inoculated P.fragi+P.lundensis samples,hinting their potential use as spoilage markers for spoilage monitoring of co-cultures.This study would provide a deeper understanding of meat spoilage and serve as a reference for future studies to inhibit meat spoilage.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2022XDNY233)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KJYQ2025018)+3 种基金National key research and development plan project(2022YFD2301401)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the CAST(2022QNRC001)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong and Jiangsu Province(2024TZXD070,BE2023370)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘This study investigated the impact of wheatgrass powder(WGP)as a functional ingredient in steamed bread from the nutritional and techno-functional perspective.The addition of WGP significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner,attributed to its bioactive compounds,though thermal processing led to a reduction due to heat sensitivity.Physicochemical analysis revealed that WGP enrichment decreased moisture content(34.27% and 33.82% for 2.5%and 5.0%WGP vs.38.37% for control)and increased weight loss(1.45% and 1.52% for 2.5%and 5.0% WGP vs.1.27% for control),likely due to fiber-gluten competition for water,while water absorption capacity(WAC)improved with higher WGP levels(1.60 g/g and 1.92 g/g for 2.5% and 5.0% WGP vs.1.40 g/g for control).The microstructural analysis demonstrated that WGP disrupted the glutenstarch matrix,increasing porosity and reducing starch gelatinization,correlating with altered textural properties.Notably,WGP extended microbial shelf life by 48–72 h(delaying mold growth to 3–4 d vs.2 d in control),likely due to its anti-microbial bioactive constituents.Sensory evaluation indicated that WGP-enriched steamed bread achieved optimal consumer acceptance.These findings suggest that WGP is a promising functional ingredient for improving the nutritional and sensory quality of steamed bread,though optimizing processing conditions is crucial to mitigate the thermal degradation of antioxidants.
基金Supported by the Top Talent Support Program for Young and Middle-aged People of Wuxi Health Committee,No.BJ2023086Wuxi Taihu Talent Project,No.WXTTP 2021.
文摘BACKGROUND Anhedonia,a hallmark symptom of major depressive disorder(MDD),is often resistant to common antidepressants.Preliminary evidence indicates that Pedio-coccus acidilactici(P.acidilactici)CCFM6432 may offer potential benefits in ame-liorating this symptomatology in patients with MDD.AIM To further assess the efficacy of P.acidilactici CCFM6432 in alleviating anhedonia in patients with MDD,using a combination of objective and subjective assessment tools.METHODS Adult patients with MDD exhibiting anhedonic symptoms were enrolled and randomly assigned to two treatment groups:One receiving standard antide-pressant therapy plus P.acidilactici CCFM6432,and the other receiving standard antidepressant treatment along with a placebo,for 30 days.Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-intervention using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale(TEPS),and synchronous electroencephalography(EEG)during a"Doors Guessing Task."Changes in both clinical outcomes and EEG biomarkers,specifically the stimulus-preceding negativity(SPN)and feedback-related nega-tivity amplitudes,were analyzed.RESULTS Of the 92 screened participants,71 were enrolled and 55 completed the study(CCFM6432 group:n=27;Placebo group:n=28).No baseline differences were noted between the groups in terms of demographics,clinical assessments,or EEG metrics.A mixed-design analysis of variance revealed that the CCFM6432 group showed significantly greater improvements in both HAMD and TEPS scores compared to the Placebo group.Moreover,the CCFM6432 group demonstrated a significant increase in SPN amplitudes,which were inversely correlated with the improvements observed in HAMD scores.No such changes were observed in the Placebo group.CONCLUSION Adjunctive administration of P.acidilactici CCFM6432 not only augments the therapeutic efficacy of antide-pressants but also significantly ameliorates the symptoms of anhedonia in MDD.
