Dysphagia,the difficulty in swallowing,is a prevalent issue among elderly people,causing various health problems.To solve this challenge,dietary modifications are necessary,shifting towards softer and safer textures.H...Dysphagia,the difficulty in swallowing,is a prevalent issue among elderly people,causing various health problems.To solve this challenge,dietary modifications are necessary,shifting towards softer and safer textures.However,these modified foods may compromise precise nutritional needs and lack visual appeal,diminishing their sensory appeal for the target consumers.Therefore,the development of visually attractive,nutritious,and soft-textured foods is crucial.While 3D printing offers shape customization,it falls short of fully satisfying the visual needs of dysphagia patients.Among sensory attributes,color plays a key role in influencing food choices.Anthocyanins,pigments found in purple sweet potatoes(PSP),exhibit color changes in response to specific environmental conditions,such as pH changes.This study used highly nutritious PSP flour,pea proteins(PP),and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)for 4D printing of dysphagia foods.Ink formulations were optimized,with a composition of 17%PSP,4%PP,and 0.2%HPMC demonstrating superior 3D printing capabilities.Rheological analysis showcased pseudoplastic behavior and elastic structures crucial for printing and shape retention.Texture profile analysis and fork pressure,spoon tilt tests revealed balanced attributes with a hardness of 74.16 g,cohesiveness of 42.75%,adhesiveness of-178.29 g·s,and gumminess of 31.70 g,which are suitable for dysphagia diets.Additionally,by leveraging the color-changing properties of anthocyanins in PSP flour in response to acidic and alkaline environments,this study unlocked the potential of 4D printing to provide dy-namic color-changing,high-protein,and engaging gastronomic experiences for individuals with dysphagia.展开更多
Mercury is an important pollutant,released into aquatic ecosystems both naturally and by anthropogenic action.This element is transferred to aquatic organisms in different ways,causing potential health risks.In additi...Mercury is an important pollutant,released into aquatic ecosystems both naturally and by anthropogenic action.This element is transferred to aquatic organisms in different ways,causing potential health risks.In addition,mercury can be accumulated by humans,especially through the consumption of contaminated food.This systematic review aims to present mercury pathways,the major routes through which this element reaches the aquatic environment and its transformations until becoming available to living animals,leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification phenomena.The key biotic and abiotic factors affecting such processes,the impact of mercury on animal and human health and the issue of seafood consumption as a source of chronic mercury contamination are also addressed.A total of 101 articles were retrieved from a standardized search on three databases(PubMed,Emabse,and Web of Science),in addition to 28 other studies not found on these databases but considered fundamental to this review(totaling 129 articles).Both biotic and abiotic factors display fundamental importance in mediating mercurial dynamics,i.e.,muscle tropism,and salinity,respectively.Consequently,mercurial contamination in aquatic environments affects animal health,especially the risk of extinction species and also on human health,with methylmercury the main mercury species responsible for acute and chronic symptomatology.展开更多
Microwave,as a new heat treatment technology,has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed.It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality.Its efficiency mainly depends on the...Microwave,as a new heat treatment technology,has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed.It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality.Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time.However,the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting con-ditions are limited.Herein,we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter.Different roasting powers(400 W,800 W and 1200 W)and times(4,4.5,5,and 5.5 min)were preliminarily tested.Among them,800 W at 5 min was the most suitable.The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color,sensory,bioactive compounds,storage stability,and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars(Silihong,Baisha-1016,Yuanza-9102,and Yuhua-9414).The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars(Silihong,Yuanza-9102,and Yuhua-9414)with moisture content between 5%and 7.2%had a similar sensory score(6-7)as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other.The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L*values of 51-52,respectively,for high initial moisture peanut cultivars.The total polyphenol(35.20-31.59±0.59μmol GAE/g)and tocopherol(19.05±0.35 mg/100 g)content in the butter obtained from three cultivars(Yuahua-9102,Yuhua,and Baisha-1016)and Silihong respectively,were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in the commercial butter.The induction times of all pre-treated butter(19.80±0.99-7.84±0.07 h)were significantly(P<0.05)longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples.In addition,no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples.Collectively,the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one.These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gluten is a complex mixture of proteins with immunogenic peptide sequences triggering the autoimmune activity in patients with celiac disease(CeD).Gluten immunogenic peptides(GIP)are resistant to gastrointe...BACKGROUND Gluten is a complex mixture of proteins with immunogenic peptide sequences triggering the autoimmune activity in patients with celiac disease(CeD).Gluten immunogenic peptides(GIP)are resistant to gastrointestinal digestion and are then excreted via the stool and urine.Most common detection methods applied in the follow-up visits for CeD patients such as serology tests,dietetic interviews,questionnaires,and duodenal biopsy have been proved to be inefficient,invasive,or inaccurate for evaluating gluten-free diet(GFD)compliance.Determination of excreted GIP in stool and urine has been developed as a non-invasive,direct,and specific test for GFD monitoring.AIM To summarize published literature about the clinical utility of GIP determination in comparison to the tools employed for GFD monitoring.METHODS PubMed and Web of Science searches were performed using the keywords“gluten immunogenic peptides”or“gluten immunogenic peptide”and a combination of the previous terms with“feces”,“stools”,“urine”,“celiac disease”,“gluten-free diet”,and“adherence”to identify relevant clinical studies published in English and Spanish between 2012 to January 2021.Reference lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent articles.Published articles and abstracts reporting the clinical use of GIP determination in stool and/or urine for the follow-up of patients with CeD in comparison with other tools in use were included.Case reports,commentaries,reviews,conference papers,letters,and publications that did not focus on the aims of this review were excluded.RESULTS Total of 15 publications were found that involved the use of GIP determination in stool and/or urine to monitor the adherence to the GFD in comparison to other tools.Studies included both children and adults diagnosed with CeD and healthy volunteers.Overall,these preliminary studies indicated that this novel technique was highly sensitive for the detection of GFD transgressions and therefore could facilitate the follow-up of patients with CeD.Tools identified in this work included the CeD-specific serology,dietetic questionnaires,symptomatology,and the duodenal biopsy.Review of the literature revealed that the rates of GFD adherence may vary between 30%-93%using either stool or urine GIP determination,49%-96%by the serology,59%-94%using the dietetic questionnaires,56%-95%by the reported symptoms and 44%-76%with the duodenal biopsy.In addition,the association between the different methods and histological abnormalities(Marsh II-III)was found to be 33%-100%for GIP determination(stool and urine),25%-39%for CeD-specific serology,3%-50%for dietetic questionnaires,and 22%-28%for the symptomatology.CONCLUSION Excreted GIP detection is the precise approach for determining voluntary or involuntary gluten consumption in CeD patients preventing future complications arising from gluten exposure.展开更多
Melamine,a nitrogen-rich chemical,has received much attention in recent years due to a series of highly publicized food safety incidents,including 2007 pet food recalls in North America and 2008 melamine contamination...Melamine,a nitrogen-rich chemical,has received much attention in recent years due to a series of highly publicized food safety incidents,including 2007 pet food recalls in North America and 2008 melamine contamination in milk,infant formula,and other milkderived products in China.Current analytical methods for testing melamine are time-consuming,expensive,and labor-intensive.Therefore,there is an increasing interest in the food science and analytical chemistry field to develop simple,quick,sensitive,and cost-effective methods for detection of melamine and its analogues(e.g.,cyanuric acid,melamine cyanurate,ammelide,and ammeline)in food ingredients,processed food,and animal feed.This review aims to summarize traditional and novel analytical techniques that have been used or show great potential to detect,characterize,and quantify melamine and its analogues in foods and animal feed.展开更多
As core functional components of fermented foods,probiotics play an important role in maintaining host health by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing immune function.Lipoteichoic acid(LTA),a key structural componen...As core functional components of fermented foods,probiotics play an important role in maintaining host health by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing immune function.Lipoteichoic acid(LTA),a key structural component Gram-positive bacterial wall,has emerged as a representative postbiotic of host immune responses.In this study,RAW 264.7 cells were used to systematically evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of LTA extracted from 15 bacteria,including 12 Lactobacillus spp.and 3 Staphylococcus aureus,at two concentrations(1μg/mL and 5μg/mL)under both healthy and LPS-stimulated inflammatory conditions.Our results showed limited concentration-dependent effects in the LTA from 15 strains but revealed striking inter and intra species variability in immunoregulatory potency.Among the three S.aureus strains examined,only S.aureus N1 LTA exhibited strong proinflammatory activity,demonstrating the strain-specific nature of its immunogenicity.Notably,among the 12 Lactobacillus spp.tested,no significant differences were observed among L.acidophilus,L.reuteri,and L.johnsonii.However,LTA derived from Lactobacillus fermentum 24-1 exhibited pronounced antiinflammatory potential,significantly inhibiting LPS-stimulated NO production,downregulating IL-1βand TNF-αexpression at both mRNA and protein levels,and exerting immunomodulatory effects by suppressing the activation of the TLR_(4)/NF-κB signaling pathway and mitigating apoptosis.Collectively,these findings reveal the functional diversity of LTA from different bacterial sources and provide significant theoretical and experimental evidence supporting the potential application of probiotics and their postbiotic components in host immune regulation.展开更多
The breeding of stingless bees, known as meliponiculture, can be found throughout the world, and is closely linked tothe history of the first human communities in the Americas. This activity provides products of indus...The breeding of stingless bees, known as meliponiculture, can be found throughout the world, and is closely linked tothe history of the first human communities in the Americas. This activity provides products of industrial interest (food,cosmetics, pharmaceuticals), and among them propolis stands out. This matrix is a resinous material but being difficultto classify and conceptualize due to its variability according to the environment and producing species. The propolisproduced by these bees is a source of compounds with nutritional and functional potential, but the main interestis focused on the phenolic compounds. This potential makes propolis a product that can be used in the prospectionof new molecules with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Thus, the scientific literature describes propolis activity(generally extracts) against bacteria and fungi, but with a higher microbicidal activity against gram-positive bacteria.The high antioxidant activity of this bee product is a consequence of the presence of several phenolic compounds.The use of propolis from SBP (Stingless bee propolis) is still quite limited, generally restricted to its antioxidant potential, but studies with application in other sectors can benefit this productive sector, as with the propolis produced bythe bee Apis mellifera. This work presents and discusses the composition of stingless bee propolis and its consequentbiological activities, as well as its potential applications in the food industry.展开更多
Stingless bees(SLB)are insects bread many centuries ago by indigenous people and more than 500 species have already been described.Interest in SLB’s propolis has grown as a way to value and preserve native bees,in ad...Stingless bees(SLB)are insects bread many centuries ago by indigenous people and more than 500 species have already been described.Interest in SLB’s propolis has grown as a way to value and preserve native bees,in addition to investigating/prospecting compounds with biological functionality(antimicrobial activity,antioxidant,etc.).The natural active compounds found in propolis come from different plant sources,and consequently,each propolis may show unique biological/pharmacological activity.There is still an important gap about the profile of chemical compounds,biological and pharmacological potential of propolis produced by SLBs.This work aimed to investigate the presence of phenolic and coumaric compounds(HPLC-DAD-FLD)and the antimicrobial activity(microdilution method)of propolis extracts from five different species of SLB reared in different places.The samples from Melipona quadrifasciata(82.05 mgGAEg^(−1))and one from,Frieseomelitta doederleini(56.22 mgGAEg^(−1))showed the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds.It was possible to identify in the propolis samples formononetin,kaempferol,gallic acid and coumarin.Resveratrol was detected in all samples,an unprecedent fact for SLB propolis.Candida albicans was susceptible to all tested extracts,while Escherichia coli was inhibited only by propolis from Melipona quadrifas-ciata;Enterococcus faecalis was inhibited by propolis from Plebeiadroryana.,Melipona quadrifasciata and Frieseomelitta doederleini.It was verified that SLB propolis constitutes a source of different biocompounds,which varies according to the location where the bees are raised,and has mainly antifungal activity,generating possibilities of its use in different biotechnological products.展开更多
Nanomaterials,chiefly silver nanoparticles(AgNP),are widely used in many commercial products,including medical commodities,food packaging and cosmetics.The goal of this research was to establish a cost-effective and e...Nanomaterials,chiefly silver nanoparticles(AgNP),are widely used in many commercial products,including medical commodities,food packaging and cosmetics.The goal of this research was to establish a cost-effective and environmentally safe approach to synthesize AgNP using turmeric powder.The reduction of silver ions resulted in an alteration of the turmeric extract color from yellow to brown after 24 h of reaction.The characterization of AgNP was accomplished by UV-vis spectroscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The prominent peak of AgNP colloid in a UV-vis spectrum appears at 444 nm.EDS mapping showed a potent signal of the silver element.According to TEM,most of the synthesized AgNP was spherical with an average size of 23±0.49 nm.Moreover,FTIR test proved the presence of organic constituents in the AgNP colloid.The green AgNP exhibited significant(P≤0.05)antibacterial activities with a 2-log CFU reduction of a Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis cocktail in chicken meat after a 1-day direct exposure to 6,12,and 18μg/mL of AgNP.The phytoconstituents on the surface of the AgNP exhibited good antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals.Moreover,the nanoparticles had a higher antioxidant capacity compared to standard ascorbic acid solution,especially at 12 and 18μg/mL of AgNP concentrations.These outcomes indicate that AgNP coated with phyto-constituents possess powerful bioactivities by inhibiting the growth of food pathogenic bacteria and,simultaneously,conferring antioxidant capability.展开更多
The physical,chemical and sensory characteristics of pollen and honey from stingless bees(SLB)are quite different when compared to those produced by Apis mellifera.Meliponine honey has a high moisture content(23-37.5%...The physical,chemical and sensory characteristics of pollen and honey from stingless bees(SLB)are quite different when compared to those produced by Apis mellifera.Meliponine honey has a high moisture content(23-37.5%);reducing sugars(12.65-77.11%);and total acidity(11.23 to 124.2 mEq kg-1).Pollen also has fiber(0.87-13.65%);a high moisture content(23-53.93%);lipids(1.8-10.81%)and proteins(8-37.63%).The presence of yeasts,fungi and bacteria can be observed through fermentation(ethanolic and acid)that occurs during the maturation of pollen and honey from stingless bees.Among the microorganisms most associated with stingless bees are yeasts:Pichia,Zygosaccha-romyces,Starmerella,Metschnikowia,Candida,Debaryomyces,Dekkera and Kloeckera;bacteria:Streptomyces,Bifidobac-terium,Lactobacillus,Streptococcus,Neisseria,Bacillus,Ralstonia,Staphylococcus,Enterobacter,Lysinibacillus Pantoea,Fructobacillus Pseudomonas,and Clostridium;and fungal filaments Aspergillus,Talaromyces and Penicillium.This review corroborates the differences that exist in the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of stingless bee products and honeybee(Apis melifera)products.These differences not only challenge established standards of quality and identity in apicultural products but also pave the way for new perspectives in biotechnology and nutrition,as well as for new bioactive compounds.The unique properties of pollen and honey from Meliponini,such as high moisture content,acidity,and microbial diversity,can be a distinguishing factor that enhances their applications in various technological fields.The valorization of these unique characteristics may stimulate the creation of specific standards for these products and promote the sustainable use of stingless bee biodiversity.展开更多
Plasma-activated water(PAW)is increasingly recognized for its role in mitigating microbial contamination in fresh-cut produce,but its disinfection effectiveness can be limited under certain conditions.Notably,dissolvi...Plasma-activated water(PAW)is increasingly recognized for its role in mitigating microbial contamination in fresh-cut produce,but its disinfection effectiveness can be limited under certain conditions.Notably,dissolving organic acids in PAW is an effective way to boost its antimicrobial properties through a synergistic effect.This study examined the enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of PAW when combined with tartaric acid against Staphylococcus aureus and its application on fresh-cut asparagus lettuce.Results demonstrated that PAW combined with tartaric acid showed stronger antimicrobial efficacy than PAW alone(p<0.05).The addition of tartaric acid to PAW increased the oxidation-reduction potential and lowered the pH,contributing to its superior antimicrobial performance against S.aureus.The underlying antimicrobial mechanisms included the inactivation of Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATPase and Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase accompanied by damage to bacterial cell membrane,enhanced oxidative damage due to the influx of extracellular reactive oxygen species such as H_(2)O_(2),the disrupted energy metabolic activities,and the mitigated bacterial defense system constructed by antioxidant enzymes,such as superoxide dismutase and catalase.Furthermore,the synergistic treatment improved the quality of fresh-cut asparagus lettuce by retarding browning,curbing microbial spoilage,and lessening weight loss.The preservation of color was largely due to the decreased activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase,along with controlled chlorophyll degradation.These findings suggest that PAW enhanced with tartaric acid could be a promising,cost-effective disinfection strategy for fresh-cut asparagus lettuce.展开更多
基金supported by USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture(2020-67030-31336&2023-67017-40165&Hatch 7006248)the University of Missouri CAFNR Joy of Discovery Seed Grant.
文摘Dysphagia,the difficulty in swallowing,is a prevalent issue among elderly people,causing various health problems.To solve this challenge,dietary modifications are necessary,shifting towards softer and safer textures.However,these modified foods may compromise precise nutritional needs and lack visual appeal,diminishing their sensory appeal for the target consumers.Therefore,the development of visually attractive,nutritious,and soft-textured foods is crucial.While 3D printing offers shape customization,it falls short of fully satisfying the visual needs of dysphagia patients.Among sensory attributes,color plays a key role in influencing food choices.Anthocyanins,pigments found in purple sweet potatoes(PSP),exhibit color changes in response to specific environmental conditions,such as pH changes.This study used highly nutritious PSP flour,pea proteins(PP),and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)for 4D printing of dysphagia foods.Ink formulations were optimized,with a composition of 17%PSP,4%PP,and 0.2%HPMC demonstrating superior 3D printing capabilities.Rheological analysis showcased pseudoplastic behavior and elastic structures crucial for printing and shape retention.Texture profile analysis and fork pressure,spoon tilt tests revealed balanced attributes with a hardness of 74.16 g,cohesiveness of 42.75%,adhesiveness of-178.29 g·s,and gumminess of 31.70 g,which are suitable for dysphagia diets.Additionally,by leveraging the color-changing properties of anthocyanins in PSP flour in response to acidic and alkaline environments,this study unlocked the potential of 4D printing to provide dy-namic color-changing,high-protein,and engaging gastronomic experiences for individuals with dysphagia.
基金the financial support provided by the Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-Brasil(FAPERJ),grant number E-26/203.049/2017the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Brasil(CNPq),grant number 311422/2016-0the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001,for Paloma Rodrigues’s scholarship
文摘Mercury is an important pollutant,released into aquatic ecosystems both naturally and by anthropogenic action.This element is transferred to aquatic organisms in different ways,causing potential health risks.In addition,mercury can be accumulated by humans,especially through the consumption of contaminated food.This systematic review aims to present mercury pathways,the major routes through which this element reaches the aquatic environment and its transformations until becoming available to living animals,leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification phenomena.The key biotic and abiotic factors affecting such processes,the impact of mercury on animal and human health and the issue of seafood consumption as a source of chronic mercury contamination are also addressed.A total of 101 articles were retrieved from a standardized search on three databases(PubMed,Emabse,and Web of Science),in addition to 28 other studies not found on these databases but considered fundamental to this review(totaling 129 articles).Both biotic and abiotic factors display fundamental importance in mediating mercurial dynamics,i.e.,muscle tropism,and salinity,respectively.Consequently,mercurial contamination in aquatic environments affects animal health,especially the risk of extinction species and also on human health,with methylmercury the main mercury species responsible for acute and chronic symptomatology.
基金Key Research Projects of Hubei Province(2020BBA045)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-OCRI)。
文摘Microwave,as a new heat treatment technology,has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed.It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality.Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time.However,the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting con-ditions are limited.Herein,we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter.Different roasting powers(400 W,800 W and 1200 W)and times(4,4.5,5,and 5.5 min)were preliminarily tested.Among them,800 W at 5 min was the most suitable.The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color,sensory,bioactive compounds,storage stability,and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars(Silihong,Baisha-1016,Yuanza-9102,and Yuhua-9414).The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars(Silihong,Yuanza-9102,and Yuhua-9414)with moisture content between 5%and 7.2%had a similar sensory score(6-7)as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other.The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L*values of 51-52,respectively,for high initial moisture peanut cultivars.The total polyphenol(35.20-31.59±0.59μmol GAE/g)and tocopherol(19.05±0.35 mg/100 g)content in the butter obtained from three cultivars(Yuahua-9102,Yuhua,and Baisha-1016)and Silihong respectively,were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in the commercial butter.The induction times of all pre-treated butter(19.80±0.99-7.84±0.07 h)were significantly(P<0.05)longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples.In addition,no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples.Collectively,the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one.These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.
基金Supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación,No.DI-16-08943 and No.DI-17-09627.
文摘BACKGROUND Gluten is a complex mixture of proteins with immunogenic peptide sequences triggering the autoimmune activity in patients with celiac disease(CeD).Gluten immunogenic peptides(GIP)are resistant to gastrointestinal digestion and are then excreted via the stool and urine.Most common detection methods applied in the follow-up visits for CeD patients such as serology tests,dietetic interviews,questionnaires,and duodenal biopsy have been proved to be inefficient,invasive,or inaccurate for evaluating gluten-free diet(GFD)compliance.Determination of excreted GIP in stool and urine has been developed as a non-invasive,direct,and specific test for GFD monitoring.AIM To summarize published literature about the clinical utility of GIP determination in comparison to the tools employed for GFD monitoring.METHODS PubMed and Web of Science searches were performed using the keywords“gluten immunogenic peptides”or“gluten immunogenic peptide”and a combination of the previous terms with“feces”,“stools”,“urine”,“celiac disease”,“gluten-free diet”,and“adherence”to identify relevant clinical studies published in English and Spanish between 2012 to January 2021.Reference lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent articles.Published articles and abstracts reporting the clinical use of GIP determination in stool and/or urine for the follow-up of patients with CeD in comparison with other tools in use were included.Case reports,commentaries,reviews,conference papers,letters,and publications that did not focus on the aims of this review were excluded.RESULTS Total of 15 publications were found that involved the use of GIP determination in stool and/or urine to monitor the adherence to the GFD in comparison to other tools.Studies included both children and adults diagnosed with CeD and healthy volunteers.Overall,these preliminary studies indicated that this novel technique was highly sensitive for the detection of GFD transgressions and therefore could facilitate the follow-up of patients with CeD.Tools identified in this work included the CeD-specific serology,dietetic questionnaires,symptomatology,and the duodenal biopsy.Review of the literature revealed that the rates of GFD adherence may vary between 30%-93%using either stool or urine GIP determination,49%-96%by the serology,59%-94%using the dietetic questionnaires,56%-95%by the reported symptoms and 44%-76%with the duodenal biopsy.In addition,the association between the different methods and histological abnormalities(Marsh II-III)was found to be 33%-100%for GIP determination(stool and urine),25%-39%for CeD-specific serology,3%-50%for dietetic questionnaires,and 22%-28%for the symptomatology.CONCLUSION Excreted GIP detection is the precise approach for determining voluntary or involuntary gluten consumption in CeD patients preventing future complications arising from gluten exposure.
文摘Melamine,a nitrogen-rich chemical,has received much attention in recent years due to a series of highly publicized food safety incidents,including 2007 pet food recalls in North America and 2008 melamine contamination in milk,infant formula,and other milkderived products in China.Current analytical methods for testing melamine are time-consuming,expensive,and labor-intensive.Therefore,there is an increasing interest in the food science and analytical chemistry field to develop simple,quick,sensitive,and cost-effective methods for detection of melamine and its analogues(e.g.,cyanuric acid,melamine cyanurate,ammelide,and ammeline)in food ingredients,processed food,and animal feed.This review aims to summarize traditional and novel analytical techniques that have been used or show great potential to detect,characterize,and quantify melamine and its analogues in foods and animal feed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2506000/2023YFC2506004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272332)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP622020,JUSRP51501)the Program of Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.
文摘As core functional components of fermented foods,probiotics play an important role in maintaining host health by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing immune function.Lipoteichoic acid(LTA),a key structural component Gram-positive bacterial wall,has emerged as a representative postbiotic of host immune responses.In this study,RAW 264.7 cells were used to systematically evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of LTA extracted from 15 bacteria,including 12 Lactobacillus spp.and 3 Staphylococcus aureus,at two concentrations(1μg/mL and 5μg/mL)under both healthy and LPS-stimulated inflammatory conditions.Our results showed limited concentration-dependent effects in the LTA from 15 strains but revealed striking inter and intra species variability in immunoregulatory potency.Among the three S.aureus strains examined,only S.aureus N1 LTA exhibited strong proinflammatory activity,demonstrating the strain-specific nature of its immunogenicity.Notably,among the 12 Lactobacillus spp.tested,no significant differences were observed among L.acidophilus,L.reuteri,and L.johnsonii.However,LTA derived from Lactobacillus fermentum 24-1 exhibited pronounced antiinflammatory potential,significantly inhibiting LPS-stimulated NO production,downregulating IL-1βand TNF-αexpression at both mRNA and protein levels,and exerting immunomodulatory effects by suppressing the activation of the TLR_(4)/NF-κB signaling pathway and mitigating apoptosis.Collectively,these findings reveal the functional diversity of LTA from different bacterial sources and provide significant theoretical and experimental evidence supporting the potential application of probiotics and their postbiotic components in host immune regulation.
基金VMR was a Master fellow from Bahia State Research Support Foundation(FAPESB-N°BOL0380/2021)RDP,COS and MAUG(313350/2019-1,313641/2019-6 and 304747/2020-3,respectively)are Technological Development fellows from CNPq.
文摘The breeding of stingless bees, known as meliponiculture, can be found throughout the world, and is closely linked tothe history of the first human communities in the Americas. This activity provides products of industrial interest (food,cosmetics, pharmaceuticals), and among them propolis stands out. This matrix is a resinous material but being difficultto classify and conceptualize due to its variability according to the environment and producing species. The propolisproduced by these bees is a source of compounds with nutritional and functional potential, but the main interestis focused on the phenolic compounds. This potential makes propolis a product that can be used in the prospectionof new molecules with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Thus, the scientific literature describes propolis activity(generally extracts) against bacteria and fungi, but with a higher microbicidal activity against gram-positive bacteria.The high antioxidant activity of this bee product is a consequence of the presence of several phenolic compounds.The use of propolis from SBP (Stingless bee propolis) is still quite limited, generally restricted to its antioxidant potential, but studies with application in other sectors can benefit this productive sector, as with the propolis produced bythe bee Apis mellifera. This work presents and discusses the composition of stingless bee propolis and its consequentbiological activities, as well as its potential applications in the food industry.
文摘Stingless bees(SLB)are insects bread many centuries ago by indigenous people and more than 500 species have already been described.Interest in SLB’s propolis has grown as a way to value and preserve native bees,in addition to investigating/prospecting compounds with biological functionality(antimicrobial activity,antioxidant,etc.).The natural active compounds found in propolis come from different plant sources,and consequently,each propolis may show unique biological/pharmacological activity.There is still an important gap about the profile of chemical compounds,biological and pharmacological potential of propolis produced by SLBs.This work aimed to investigate the presence of phenolic and coumaric compounds(HPLC-DAD-FLD)and the antimicrobial activity(microdilution method)of propolis extracts from five different species of SLB reared in different places.The samples from Melipona quadrifasciata(82.05 mgGAEg^(−1))and one from,Frieseomelitta doederleini(56.22 mgGAEg^(−1))showed the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds.It was possible to identify in the propolis samples formononetin,kaempferol,gallic acid and coumarin.Resveratrol was detected in all samples,an unprecedent fact for SLB propolis.Candida albicans was susceptible to all tested extracts,while Escherichia coli was inhibited only by propolis from Melipona quadrifas-ciata;Enterococcus faecalis was inhibited by propolis from Plebeiadroryana.,Melipona quadrifasciata and Frieseomelitta doederleini.It was verified that SLB propolis constitutes a source of different biocompounds,which varies according to the location where the bees are raised,and has mainly antifungal activity,generating possibilities of its use in different biotechnological products.
文摘Nanomaterials,chiefly silver nanoparticles(AgNP),are widely used in many commercial products,including medical commodities,food packaging and cosmetics.The goal of this research was to establish a cost-effective and environmentally safe approach to synthesize AgNP using turmeric powder.The reduction of silver ions resulted in an alteration of the turmeric extract color from yellow to brown after 24 h of reaction.The characterization of AgNP was accomplished by UV-vis spectroscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The prominent peak of AgNP colloid in a UV-vis spectrum appears at 444 nm.EDS mapping showed a potent signal of the silver element.According to TEM,most of the synthesized AgNP was spherical with an average size of 23±0.49 nm.Moreover,FTIR test proved the presence of organic constituents in the AgNP colloid.The green AgNP exhibited significant(P≤0.05)antibacterial activities with a 2-log CFU reduction of a Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis cocktail in chicken meat after a 1-day direct exposure to 6,12,and 18μg/mL of AgNP.The phytoconstituents on the surface of the AgNP exhibited good antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals.Moreover,the nanoparticles had a higher antioxidant capacity compared to standard ascorbic acid solution,especially at 12 and 18μg/mL of AgNP concentrations.These outcomes indicate that AgNP coated with phyto-constituents possess powerful bioactivities by inhibiting the growth of food pathogenic bacteria and,simultaneously,conferring antioxidant capability.
文摘The physical,chemical and sensory characteristics of pollen and honey from stingless bees(SLB)are quite different when compared to those produced by Apis mellifera.Meliponine honey has a high moisture content(23-37.5%);reducing sugars(12.65-77.11%);and total acidity(11.23 to 124.2 mEq kg-1).Pollen also has fiber(0.87-13.65%);a high moisture content(23-53.93%);lipids(1.8-10.81%)and proteins(8-37.63%).The presence of yeasts,fungi and bacteria can be observed through fermentation(ethanolic and acid)that occurs during the maturation of pollen and honey from stingless bees.Among the microorganisms most associated with stingless bees are yeasts:Pichia,Zygosaccha-romyces,Starmerella,Metschnikowia,Candida,Debaryomyces,Dekkera and Kloeckera;bacteria:Streptomyces,Bifidobac-terium,Lactobacillus,Streptococcus,Neisseria,Bacillus,Ralstonia,Staphylococcus,Enterobacter,Lysinibacillus Pantoea,Fructobacillus Pseudomonas,and Clostridium;and fungal filaments Aspergillus,Talaromyces and Penicillium.This review corroborates the differences that exist in the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of stingless bee products and honeybee(Apis melifera)products.These differences not only challenge established standards of quality and identity in apicultural products but also pave the way for new perspectives in biotechnology and nutrition,as well as for new bioactive compounds.The unique properties of pollen and honey from Meliponini,such as high moisture content,acidity,and microbial diversity,can be a distinguishing factor that enhances their applications in various technological fields.The valorization of these unique characteristics may stimulate the creation of specific standards for these products and promote the sustainable use of stingless bee biodiversity.
基金supported by the fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP124028)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100803)+3 种基金the Modern Agriculture Grant of Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE202331O)the Natural Science Foundation of China(32261133623)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Jiangsu Market Supervision and Administration Bureau(KJ21125006)the Open Project of Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology of Ministry of Education of China(R202101).
文摘Plasma-activated water(PAW)is increasingly recognized for its role in mitigating microbial contamination in fresh-cut produce,but its disinfection effectiveness can be limited under certain conditions.Notably,dissolving organic acids in PAW is an effective way to boost its antimicrobial properties through a synergistic effect.This study examined the enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of PAW when combined with tartaric acid against Staphylococcus aureus and its application on fresh-cut asparagus lettuce.Results demonstrated that PAW combined with tartaric acid showed stronger antimicrobial efficacy than PAW alone(p<0.05).The addition of tartaric acid to PAW increased the oxidation-reduction potential and lowered the pH,contributing to its superior antimicrobial performance against S.aureus.The underlying antimicrobial mechanisms included the inactivation of Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATPase and Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase accompanied by damage to bacterial cell membrane,enhanced oxidative damage due to the influx of extracellular reactive oxygen species such as H_(2)O_(2),the disrupted energy metabolic activities,and the mitigated bacterial defense system constructed by antioxidant enzymes,such as superoxide dismutase and catalase.Furthermore,the synergistic treatment improved the quality of fresh-cut asparagus lettuce by retarding browning,curbing microbial spoilage,and lessening weight loss.The preservation of color was largely due to the decreased activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase,along with controlled chlorophyll degradation.These findings suggest that PAW enhanced with tartaric acid could be a promising,cost-effective disinfection strategy for fresh-cut asparagus lettuce.
