Electrospinning was used to produce ultrafine fibers and fibrous mats from aqueous solutions containing two edible polysaccharides: pectin (PEC) and pullulan (PUL). The process excluded the use of a synthetic carrier ...Electrospinning was used to produce ultrafine fibers and fibrous mats from aqueous solutions containing two edible polysaccharides: pectin (PEC) and pullulan (PUL). The process excluded the use of a synthetic carrier polymer or non-aqueous solvents thus maintaining the food-grade status of the components. The inclusion of PUL reduced the surface tension and electric conductivity of pectin solution, and promoted molecular entanglement between PEC and PUL as confirmed by rheological analysis. The spinnability of either polysaccharide was promoted by inclusion of the other. Cross-linking PEC networks were obtained by soaking the fibrous mats in successive Ca<sup>2+</sup> solution. The fibrous mats can be used to carry bioactive compounds as demonstrated using probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) as a model bioactive compound. The research is significant for the development of food products with unique textures and functionalities.展开更多
This study aimed to determine the antibiotic and bacteriocin sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from animal derived foods. With disc diffusion assay, all fourteen L. monocytogenes strains were susc...This study aimed to determine the antibiotic and bacteriocin sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from animal derived foods. With disc diffusion assay, all fourteen L. monocytogenes strains were suscepti-ble to the antibiotics, including penicillin G, vancomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, erythromycin, gentamicin and trime- thoprim. However, the percentages of fosfomycin and streptomycin resistances were 92.9% and 7.1%, respectively. Multiple resistances were not observed among the tested strains. The results of well diffusion assays showed that all strains were inhibited by the cell-free supernatant of a bacteriocin-producing strain, Pediococcus acidilactici 13, with the inhibition zones ranging from 16.00 to 24.50 mm. These results provide useful information on antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from foods, and can potentially be used to develop bacteriocin-based interventions to guard against the hazards associated with L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products.展开更多
Sea cucumbers are highly used not only for the production of the bêche-de-mer, but also recent studies have been showing the high potential of these marine invertebrates on the pharmaceutical industry, as they ar...Sea cucumbers are highly used not only for the production of the bêche-de-mer, but also recent studies have been showing the high potential of these marine invertebrates on the pharmaceutical industry, as they are rich in bioactive compounds with important functions. Stichopus regalis extracts (1 mg·mL-1) were used in antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor assays. The lipid profile was also evaluated. No significant antioxidant activity was detected in both methanolic and dichloromethane extracts. The methanolic fraction showed the highest antimicrobial potential against Candida albicans with an IC50 of 475.4 μg·mL-1. In the antitumor assays, the dichloromethane fraction showed a high potential for both cell lines, as revealed by the MTT method. The total fat content was 3.63% ± 0.11% and the fatty acid profile revealed the highest amount in C16:0 (9.43% ± 0.77%), C18:0 (12.43% ± 0.83%), C18:1 ω7 (5.63% ± 0.33%), EPA (12.49% ± 0.15%), DHA (7.35% ± 0.02%), ARA (19.29% ± 0.14%) and a ω3/ω6 ratio of 1.078. These findings led us to suggest the potential use of S. regalis as a new source of bioactive compounds with pharmacological potential and its nutritional benefits for human health.展开更多
Ancient grains were known for special nutritional values along with gluten free qualities. Amaranth, quinoa, teff, and buckwheat flours were evaluated for pasting properties, water holding capacities, phenolic content...Ancient grains were known for special nutritional values along with gluten free qualities. Amaranth, quinoa, teff, and buckwheat flours were evaluated for pasting properties, water holding capacities, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities (free and bound). They all had higher water holding capacities than wheat flour. Amaranth, quinoa, and teff showed higher pasting viscosities than wheat flour. Buckwheat flour had the highest free, bound and total phenolic contents among the flours in all aqueous extracts. The bound phenolic contents were higher than the free phenolic contents regardless of the solvents with the exception of water extraction of quinoa and buckwheat. The free phenolic compounds for all four flours were highest in water extract, and least in 100% ethanol. Bound antioxidant activities were much higher than the free antioxidant activities regardless of solvents for all products. The free antioxidant activities from water and 50% ethanol were higher than 100% ethanol. In contrast, more bound phenolics were extracted with 100% ethanol than water and 50% ethanol. Our study suggested that the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of grains could be underestimated in the literature without considering the bound phenolic compounds. These ancient grains have nutrition, antioxidants, and textural qualities suitable for functional foods.展开更多
Some milk-associated proteins are known to be nutritionally valuable and form bioactive peptides that exhibit activity against hypertension and oxidative stress. Consumption of cheeses, such as the popular Hispanic-st...Some milk-associated proteins are known to be nutritionally valuable and form bioactive peptides that exhibit activity against hypertension and oxidative stress. Consumption of cheeses, such as the popular Hispanic-style cheese Queso Fresco (QF), may be a vehicle for delivery of these milk-associated peptides. This paper describes the effects of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the antioxidative activity (ORAC- FL value) of water-soluble proteins extracted from QF samples. QFs were manufactured according to a commercial-make procedure using pasteurized, homogenized milk, without added starter cultures. The cheese was cut into 45 × 45 × 150 mm3 blocks, double packaged in vacuum bags, and received the following HPP treatments: 200, 400, or 600 MPa for either 0, 5, 10, or 20 min, with warming to an internal temperature of either 22℃ or 40℃ prior to HPP treatment. Results show that the core temperature of the cheese during HPP directly affects the ORAC-FL value. The activities of the lower temperature cheeses are independent of time and pressure, and have a median ORAC-FL value of 27 trolox equivalents (TE). The higher temperature cheeses have higher ORAC-FL values ranging from 21.5 to 96.0 TE;the highest activity corresponded to the cheese held at 400 MPa for the longest time under pressure (20 min). The 600 MPa cheeses increase in activity with increasing time under pressure, but are less active than the control cheese. These results indicate that processing temperature and pressure are important factors in the antioxidative activity of these QF samples and further understanding of the roles of these variables may lead to the manufacture of healthier and more nutritious cheeses and dairy products.展开更多
Ruminal acidosis is a prevalent disorder in ruminants such as dairy cows and feedlot beef cattle, caused primarily by the inclusion of a high percentage of readily fermentable concentrates in the diet. The disorder pr...Ruminal acidosis is a prevalent disorder in ruminants such as dairy cows and feedlot beef cattle, caused primarily by the inclusion of a high percentage of readily fermentable concentrates in the diet. The disorder presents as an accumulation of lactic acid, a decrease of pH in the rumen and a subsequent imbalance of the rumen fermentation process with detrimental impacts on the animal＇s health and productivity. Dairy propionibacteria, a group of bacteria characterised by utilization of lactic acid as the favoured carbon source, with propionic acid produced as a by-product, were evaluated in this study as potential direct-fed microbials for use in controlling ruminal acidosis. Acidosis was simulated by introduction of high concentrations of lactic acid into rumen fluid samples and a multi-strain in vitro analysis was conducted, whereby changes in pH and lactic acid metabolism were compared in identical acidified rumen samples, following inoculation with various propionibacteria. This was followed by a study to evaluate the effect of bacterial inoculation dosage on acid metabolism. The results indicated that lactic acid levels in the rumen fluid were significantly reduced, and propionic acid and acetic acid concentrations both significantly increased, following addition of propionibacteria. Significant ＇between strains＇ differences were observed, with Propionibacterium acidopropionici 341, Propionibacterium freudenreichfi CSCC 2207, Propionibacterium jensenfi NCFB 572 and P. jensenii 702 each producing more rapid reduction of lactic acid concentration than P. freudenreich# CSCC 2206, P. acidopropionici ATCC 25562 and Propionibacterium thoenii ATCC 4874. Furthermore, the efficacy of this application was dosage related, with the rates of reduction in lactic acid levels and production of propionic acid, both significantly greater for the higher （10^10 cfu mL-1） compared with lower （10^5 cfu mL-1） dosage inoculation. The results confirmed that the introduction of propionibacteria could promote more rapid reduction of lactic acid levels than would occur without their addition, demonstrating their potential in controlling ruminal acidosis.展开更多
In this paper,the antihypertension effect of rice peptide(RP)was studied.With spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)and Wistar Kyoto(WKY)as the research objects,RP disposable gastric and long-term gastric irrigation exp...In this paper,the antihypertension effect of rice peptide(RP)was studied.With spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)and Wistar Kyoto(WKY)as the research objects,RP disposable gastric and long-term gastric irrigation experiments were carried out and systolic blood pressure(SBP)was measured.At the end of the long-term gastric irrigation experiment,the content of nitric oxide(NO),angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE),angiotensin II(Ang II)and renin in the plasma and the activity of ACE were determined.The results showed that RP could reduce systolic pressure of SHR and had time-dose dependence while high-dose RP signifi cantly reduced systolic pressure by 24.6 and 17.2 mm Hg,respectively after a single and long-term gastric irrigation test.RP also could inhibit the activity of ACE and increase the release of NO.These results suggested that the decompression mechanism of RP is likely to be related to the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system(RAS)and NO.展开更多
In the framework of searching for new pectin sources to partially compensate for domestic and regional demands, the peel (albedo) of the “non-comestible” fruit of Poncirus trifoliata was investigated using a relativ...In the framework of searching for new pectin sources to partially compensate for domestic and regional demands, the peel (albedo) of the “non-comestible” fruit of Poncirus trifoliata was investigated using a relatively simple experimental design for optimization, in which only the variable was the extraction pH (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) on the basis of our previous studies on diverse pectin sources. The results showed that the yield of pectin (7.4%-19.8%) was strongly influenced by the extraction pH when the other parameters, namely the solid to liquid extractant (S/L) ratio, temperature (T °C), and time (t) were fixed to 1:25 (w/v), 75°C, and 90 min, respectively. Likewise, the galacturonic acid content (GalA: 61.4%-79.2%), total neutral sugar content (TNS: 9.1%-22.5%), degree of branching (3.5%-13.9%), homogalacturonan (HG) to rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) ratio (2.2-5.6), degree of methylesterification (DM: 54-77), viscosity average molecular weight (Mν: 57-82), and gelling capacity (GC: 124-158) were all affected by the extraction pH. The optimum pH for producing pectin with good yield, quality characteristics (GalA > 65%, DM > 60, Mν > 80 kDa), and gelling capacity (GC > 150), from the peel of P. trifoliata fruit, was found to be pH 1.5.展开更多
Objective:To understand the protective effects of Ganoderma terpenoid extract(GTE)against Plasmodium berghei-malarial infection in mice,the present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of GTE in combination w...Objective:To understand the protective effects of Ganoderma terpenoid extract(GTE)against Plasmodium berghei-malarial infection in mice,the present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of GTE in combination with chloroquine disulphate(CQ)on erythrocyte-selected inflammatory markers and antioxidant defense status in P.berghei-infected mice.Methods:P.berghei-infected mice were divided into six groups:infected control(IC)group,administered 1 mL Tween 20;GTE100 and GTE250 groups,administered 100 and 250 mg/kg GTE,respectively;GT100+CQ and GT250+CQ groups,co-administered 100 and 250 mg/kg GTE plus 30 mg/kg CQ,respectively;and CQ group,administered 30 mg/kg CQ.A separate group of non-infected mice were given 1 m L Tween 20,and served as a normal control group(NC).Extract and drug were dissolved in Tween20 and administered orally once daily for 12 consecutive days.At the end of the treatment period,mice were anesthetized with chloroform and sacrificed by cervical dislocation.Plasma was prepared from blood obtained from each mouse.Parameters evaluated at the end of the treatment period include parasitemia,red blood cell count,hematocrit,malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GPx),superoxide dismutase(SOD),tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a),and interleukin-10(IL-10).Results:Infected mice treated with a combination of GTE and CQ(GT100+CQ and GT250+CQ groups)showed significantly reduced parasitemia levels(P<0.05)compared to those administered GTE alone as well as IC.Significant improvement in body weight(P<0.05)was also observed in infected mice treated with a combination of GTE and CQ(GT100+CQ and GT250+CQ groups),compared to mice receiving GTE alone(GTE100 and GTE250 groups).Plasma MDA and TNF-a concentrations were significantly lowered,and IL-10 concentration was significantly increased in GT100+CQ and GT250+CQ groups,relative to the IC group(P<0.05).GSH concentration and SOD,CAT and GPx activities were significantly higher in GT100+CQ and GT250+CQ groups compared to the GTE100,GTE250,IC and NC groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Data generated in this study showed that GTE enhanced the anti-plasmodial action of CQ in mice through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.展开更多
Four oat β-glucan enriched hydrocolloids (Nutrim10, C-Trim20, C-Trim30, C-Trim50), oat bran concentrate (OBC), and β-Glucan95 were investigated for antioxidant and pasting properties. C-Trim30 had the highest solubl...Four oat β-glucan enriched hydrocolloids (Nutrim10, C-Trim20, C-Trim30, C-Trim50), oat bran concentrate (OBC), and β-Glucan95 were investigated for antioxidant and pasting properties. C-Trim30 had the highest soluble phenolic content, followed by C-Trim20. The trend of antioxidant activity was similar with that of phenolic contents. The phenolic content of the extracts increased with increasing temperatures. The highest content of soluble phenolic compounds was found at temperatures up to 100℃ for most samples regardless of solvent. Water extracts had significantly higher phenolic contents than extracts from 50% ethanol at 100℃ for all samples with the exception of C-Trim30. However, the effect of temperature and solvent concentrations was not as apparent for antioxidant activity as that observed for phenolic content. In general, the differences in three different solvents were not as apparent. Significantly higher water holding capacities were found for C-Trim30 and C-Trim50 than the other samples while β-Glucan 95 had substantially the highest paste viscosity followed by C-Trim50 and C-Trim30.展开更多
Teff-oat composites were developed using gluten free teff flour containing essential amino acids and minerals along with oat products containing β-glucan known for lowering blood cholesterol. Teff-oat composites were...Teff-oat composites were developed using gluten free teff flour containing essential amino acids and minerals along with oat products containing β-glucan known for lowering blood cholesterol. Teff-oat composites were evaluated for their pasting and rheological properties by a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) and an advanced rheometer. All teff-oat composites showed increased water holding and pasting viscosities with increasing oat contents compared to wheat flour. However, they were only significantly influenced by 80% oat products in teff-oat composites compared with teff flour alone. OBC (oat bran concentrate) had the highest elastic modulus G’ among the starting materials. The elastic modulus G’ for teff-Nutrim (oat bran hydrocolloid) composites were decreased with increasing Nutrim contents in composites. In contrast, the increasing content of OBC in composites significantly raised both G’ and G”. The elastic modulus G’ and viscous modulus G” for all teff-OBC composites were higher than teff and wheat flour. All WOF composites showed similar rheological properties. All composites had shear thinning properties that are important to mouthfeel and industrial applications. These teff-oat composites were developed using feasible procedures. They have improved nutritional value and texture qualities for functional food applications.展开更多
The newly developed barley-flaxseed composites were unique because barley provides the soluble fiber β-glucan that is beneficial for improving food texture and preventing coronary heart disease along with the health ...The newly developed barley-flaxseed composites were unique because barley provides the soluble fiber β-glucan that is beneficial for improving food texture and preventing coronary heart disease along with the health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFAs) of flaxseed. The new composites of barley with flaxseeds were prepared using prowashonupana, a barley variety containing high β-glucan content, with 10, 20, and 50% flaxseed for enhancing health benefits of functional food. Besides the nutritional aspects of barley-flaxseed composites, they have improved water holding capacities, texture, and useful pasting and viscoelastic qualities measured using a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) followed by an advanced rheometer. The pasting and rheological properties of the barley flour were not greatly influenced by 10% ground flaxseed replacements but showed differences at the 50% replacement level. Shear thinning properties were observed for all the composites. These functional composites could be valuable and applicable for developing new functional food products with health benefits of decreasing heart problems, diabetes, and obesity along with providing desirable texture.展开更多
Introduction:Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus)is a common foodborne pathogen in coastal areas of China.Most epidemiological studies on V.parahaemolyticus have focused on foodborne disease outbreaks,with fewe...Introduction:Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus)is a common foodborne pathogen in coastal areas of China.Most epidemiological studies on V.parahaemolyticus have focused on foodborne disease outbreaks,with fewer studies based on long-term,continuous,and systematic sentinel surveillance.Methods:Data were collected from the national foodborne disease active surveillance program in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in China from 2013 to 2022.V.parahaemolyticus-positive cases were collected for further analysis in this study.Results:From 2013 to 2022,the National Foodborne Disease Case Surveillance System identified 23,818 cases of V.parahaemolyticus foodborne infection in China.Patient ages ranged from 2 months to 100 years,with an average age of 38.41 years.These cases primarily occurred in coastal areas during summer.A new serotype,O10:K4,emerged in 2020 and has become the dominant serotype over O3:K6.Conclusions:V.parahaemolyticus infection is common in the eastern coastal areas of China and is strongly associated with aquatic food consumption.This study recommends that food regulatory authorities increase routine surveillance and inspection during high-risk periods and in high-risk areas.Authorities should also use social media platforms to conduct extensive public education campaigns on the prevention and control of V.parahaemolyticusassociated foodborne disease.展开更多
文摘Electrospinning was used to produce ultrafine fibers and fibrous mats from aqueous solutions containing two edible polysaccharides: pectin (PEC) and pullulan (PUL). The process excluded the use of a synthetic carrier polymer or non-aqueous solvents thus maintaining the food-grade status of the components. The inclusion of PUL reduced the surface tension and electric conductivity of pectin solution, and promoted molecular entanglement between PEC and PUL as confirmed by rheological analysis. The spinnability of either polysaccharide was promoted by inclusion of the other. Cross-linking PEC networks were obtained by soaking the fibrous mats in successive Ca<sup>2+</sup> solution. The fibrous mats can be used to carry bioactive compounds as demonstrated using probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) as a model bioactive compound. The research is significant for the development of food products with unique textures and functionalities.
文摘This study aimed to determine the antibiotic and bacteriocin sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from animal derived foods. With disc diffusion assay, all fourteen L. monocytogenes strains were suscepti-ble to the antibiotics, including penicillin G, vancomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, erythromycin, gentamicin and trime- thoprim. However, the percentages of fosfomycin and streptomycin resistances were 92.9% and 7.1%, respectively. Multiple resistances were not observed among the tested strains. The results of well diffusion assays showed that all strains were inhibited by the cell-free supernatant of a bacteriocin-producing strain, Pediococcus acidilactici 13, with the inhibition zones ranging from 16.00 to 24.50 mm. These results provide useful information on antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from foods, and can potentially be used to develop bacteriocin-based interventions to guard against the hazards associated with L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products.
文摘Sea cucumbers are highly used not only for the production of the bêche-de-mer, but also recent studies have been showing the high potential of these marine invertebrates on the pharmaceutical industry, as they are rich in bioactive compounds with important functions. Stichopus regalis extracts (1 mg·mL-1) were used in antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor assays. The lipid profile was also evaluated. No significant antioxidant activity was detected in both methanolic and dichloromethane extracts. The methanolic fraction showed the highest antimicrobial potential against Candida albicans with an IC50 of 475.4 μg·mL-1. In the antitumor assays, the dichloromethane fraction showed a high potential for both cell lines, as revealed by the MTT method. The total fat content was 3.63% ± 0.11% and the fatty acid profile revealed the highest amount in C16:0 (9.43% ± 0.77%), C18:0 (12.43% ± 0.83%), C18:1 ω7 (5.63% ± 0.33%), EPA (12.49% ± 0.15%), DHA (7.35% ± 0.02%), ARA (19.29% ± 0.14%) and a ω3/ω6 ratio of 1.078. These findings led us to suggest the potential use of S. regalis as a new source of bioactive compounds with pharmacological potential and its nutritional benefits for human health.
文摘Ancient grains were known for special nutritional values along with gluten free qualities. Amaranth, quinoa, teff, and buckwheat flours were evaluated for pasting properties, water holding capacities, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities (free and bound). They all had higher water holding capacities than wheat flour. Amaranth, quinoa, and teff showed higher pasting viscosities than wheat flour. Buckwheat flour had the highest free, bound and total phenolic contents among the flours in all aqueous extracts. The bound phenolic contents were higher than the free phenolic contents regardless of the solvents with the exception of water extraction of quinoa and buckwheat. The free phenolic compounds for all four flours were highest in water extract, and least in 100% ethanol. Bound antioxidant activities were much higher than the free antioxidant activities regardless of solvents for all products. The free antioxidant activities from water and 50% ethanol were higher than 100% ethanol. In contrast, more bound phenolics were extracted with 100% ethanol than water and 50% ethanol. Our study suggested that the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of grains could be underestimated in the literature without considering the bound phenolic compounds. These ancient grains have nutrition, antioxidants, and textural qualities suitable for functional foods.
文摘Some milk-associated proteins are known to be nutritionally valuable and form bioactive peptides that exhibit activity against hypertension and oxidative stress. Consumption of cheeses, such as the popular Hispanic-style cheese Queso Fresco (QF), may be a vehicle for delivery of these milk-associated peptides. This paper describes the effects of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the antioxidative activity (ORAC- FL value) of water-soluble proteins extracted from QF samples. QFs were manufactured according to a commercial-make procedure using pasteurized, homogenized milk, without added starter cultures. The cheese was cut into 45 × 45 × 150 mm3 blocks, double packaged in vacuum bags, and received the following HPP treatments: 200, 400, or 600 MPa for either 0, 5, 10, or 20 min, with warming to an internal temperature of either 22℃ or 40℃ prior to HPP treatment. Results show that the core temperature of the cheese during HPP directly affects the ORAC-FL value. The activities of the lower temperature cheeses are independent of time and pressure, and have a median ORAC-FL value of 27 trolox equivalents (TE). The higher temperature cheeses have higher ORAC-FL values ranging from 21.5 to 96.0 TE;the highest activity corresponded to the cheese held at 400 MPa for the longest time under pressure (20 min). The 600 MPa cheeses increase in activity with increasing time under pressure, but are less active than the control cheese. These results indicate that processing temperature and pressure are important factors in the antioxidative activity of these QF samples and further understanding of the roles of these variables may lead to the manufacture of healthier and more nutritious cheeses and dairy products.
基金The University of Newcastle,Australia for financial support
文摘Ruminal acidosis is a prevalent disorder in ruminants such as dairy cows and feedlot beef cattle, caused primarily by the inclusion of a high percentage of readily fermentable concentrates in the diet. The disorder presents as an accumulation of lactic acid, a decrease of pH in the rumen and a subsequent imbalance of the rumen fermentation process with detrimental impacts on the animal＇s health and productivity. Dairy propionibacteria, a group of bacteria characterised by utilization of lactic acid as the favoured carbon source, with propionic acid produced as a by-product, were evaluated in this study as potential direct-fed microbials for use in controlling ruminal acidosis. Acidosis was simulated by introduction of high concentrations of lactic acid into rumen fluid samples and a multi-strain in vitro analysis was conducted, whereby changes in pH and lactic acid metabolism were compared in identical acidified rumen samples, following inoculation with various propionibacteria. This was followed by a study to evaluate the effect of bacterial inoculation dosage on acid metabolism. The results indicated that lactic acid levels in the rumen fluid were significantly reduced, and propionic acid and acetic acid concentrations both significantly increased, following addition of propionibacteria. Significant ＇between strains＇ differences were observed, with Propionibacterium acidopropionici 341, Propionibacterium freudenreichfi CSCC 2207, Propionibacterium jensenfi NCFB 572 and P. jensenii 702 each producing more rapid reduction of lactic acid concentration than P. freudenreich# CSCC 2206, P. acidopropionici ATCC 25562 and Propionibacterium thoenii ATCC 4874. Furthermore, the efficacy of this application was dosage related, with the rates of reduction in lactic acid levels and production of propionic acid, both significantly greater for the higher （10^10 cfu mL-1） compared with lower （10^5 cfu mL-1） dosage inoculation. The results confirmed that the introduction of propionibacteria could promote more rapid reduction of lactic acid levels than would occur without their addition, demonstrating their potential in controlling ruminal acidosis.
基金National Science and Technology Project for Grain Industry of China(201513006)。
文摘In this paper,the antihypertension effect of rice peptide(RP)was studied.With spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)and Wistar Kyoto(WKY)as the research objects,RP disposable gastric and long-term gastric irrigation experiments were carried out and systolic blood pressure(SBP)was measured.At the end of the long-term gastric irrigation experiment,the content of nitric oxide(NO),angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE),angiotensin II(Ang II)and renin in the plasma and the activity of ACE were determined.The results showed that RP could reduce systolic pressure of SHR and had time-dose dependence while high-dose RP signifi cantly reduced systolic pressure by 24.6 and 17.2 mm Hg,respectively after a single and long-term gastric irrigation test.RP also could inhibit the activity of ACE and increase the release of NO.These results suggested that the decompression mechanism of RP is likely to be related to the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system(RAS)and NO.
文摘In the framework of searching for new pectin sources to partially compensate for domestic and regional demands, the peel (albedo) of the “non-comestible” fruit of Poncirus trifoliata was investigated using a relatively simple experimental design for optimization, in which only the variable was the extraction pH (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) on the basis of our previous studies on diverse pectin sources. The results showed that the yield of pectin (7.4%-19.8%) was strongly influenced by the extraction pH when the other parameters, namely the solid to liquid extractant (S/L) ratio, temperature (T °C), and time (t) were fixed to 1:25 (w/v), 75°C, and 90 min, respectively. Likewise, the galacturonic acid content (GalA: 61.4%-79.2%), total neutral sugar content (TNS: 9.1%-22.5%), degree of branching (3.5%-13.9%), homogalacturonan (HG) to rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) ratio (2.2-5.6), degree of methylesterification (DM: 54-77), viscosity average molecular weight (Mν: 57-82), and gelling capacity (GC: 124-158) were all affected by the extraction pH. The optimum pH for producing pectin with good yield, quality characteristics (GalA > 65%, DM > 60, Mν > 80 kDa), and gelling capacity (GC > 150), from the peel of P. trifoliata fruit, was found to be pH 1.5.
文摘Objective:To understand the protective effects of Ganoderma terpenoid extract(GTE)against Plasmodium berghei-malarial infection in mice,the present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of GTE in combination with chloroquine disulphate(CQ)on erythrocyte-selected inflammatory markers and antioxidant defense status in P.berghei-infected mice.Methods:P.berghei-infected mice were divided into six groups:infected control(IC)group,administered 1 mL Tween 20;GTE100 and GTE250 groups,administered 100 and 250 mg/kg GTE,respectively;GT100+CQ and GT250+CQ groups,co-administered 100 and 250 mg/kg GTE plus 30 mg/kg CQ,respectively;and CQ group,administered 30 mg/kg CQ.A separate group of non-infected mice were given 1 m L Tween 20,and served as a normal control group(NC).Extract and drug were dissolved in Tween20 and administered orally once daily for 12 consecutive days.At the end of the treatment period,mice were anesthetized with chloroform and sacrificed by cervical dislocation.Plasma was prepared from blood obtained from each mouse.Parameters evaluated at the end of the treatment period include parasitemia,red blood cell count,hematocrit,malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GPx),superoxide dismutase(SOD),tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a),and interleukin-10(IL-10).Results:Infected mice treated with a combination of GTE and CQ(GT100+CQ and GT250+CQ groups)showed significantly reduced parasitemia levels(P<0.05)compared to those administered GTE alone as well as IC.Significant improvement in body weight(P<0.05)was also observed in infected mice treated with a combination of GTE and CQ(GT100+CQ and GT250+CQ groups),compared to mice receiving GTE alone(GTE100 and GTE250 groups).Plasma MDA and TNF-a concentrations were significantly lowered,and IL-10 concentration was significantly increased in GT100+CQ and GT250+CQ groups,relative to the IC group(P<0.05).GSH concentration and SOD,CAT and GPx activities were significantly higher in GT100+CQ and GT250+CQ groups compared to the GTE100,GTE250,IC and NC groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Data generated in this study showed that GTE enhanced the anti-plasmodial action of CQ in mice through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
文摘Four oat β-glucan enriched hydrocolloids (Nutrim10, C-Trim20, C-Trim30, C-Trim50), oat bran concentrate (OBC), and β-Glucan95 were investigated for antioxidant and pasting properties. C-Trim30 had the highest soluble phenolic content, followed by C-Trim20. The trend of antioxidant activity was similar with that of phenolic contents. The phenolic content of the extracts increased with increasing temperatures. The highest content of soluble phenolic compounds was found at temperatures up to 100℃ for most samples regardless of solvent. Water extracts had significantly higher phenolic contents than extracts from 50% ethanol at 100℃ for all samples with the exception of C-Trim30. However, the effect of temperature and solvent concentrations was not as apparent for antioxidant activity as that observed for phenolic content. In general, the differences in three different solvents were not as apparent. Significantly higher water holding capacities were found for C-Trim30 and C-Trim50 than the other samples while β-Glucan 95 had substantially the highest paste viscosity followed by C-Trim50 and C-Trim30.
文摘Teff-oat composites were developed using gluten free teff flour containing essential amino acids and minerals along with oat products containing β-glucan known for lowering blood cholesterol. Teff-oat composites were evaluated for their pasting and rheological properties by a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) and an advanced rheometer. All teff-oat composites showed increased water holding and pasting viscosities with increasing oat contents compared to wheat flour. However, they were only significantly influenced by 80% oat products in teff-oat composites compared with teff flour alone. OBC (oat bran concentrate) had the highest elastic modulus G’ among the starting materials. The elastic modulus G’ for teff-Nutrim (oat bran hydrocolloid) composites were decreased with increasing Nutrim contents in composites. In contrast, the increasing content of OBC in composites significantly raised both G’ and G”. The elastic modulus G’ and viscous modulus G” for all teff-OBC composites were higher than teff and wheat flour. All WOF composites showed similar rheological properties. All composites had shear thinning properties that are important to mouthfeel and industrial applications. These teff-oat composites were developed using feasible procedures. They have improved nutritional value and texture qualities for functional food applications.
文摘The newly developed barley-flaxseed composites were unique because barley provides the soluble fiber β-glucan that is beneficial for improving food texture and preventing coronary heart disease along with the health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFAs) of flaxseed. The new composites of barley with flaxseeds were prepared using prowashonupana, a barley variety containing high β-glucan content, with 10, 20, and 50% flaxseed for enhancing health benefits of functional food. Besides the nutritional aspects of barley-flaxseed composites, they have improved water holding capacities, texture, and useful pasting and viscoelastic qualities measured using a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) followed by an advanced rheometer. The pasting and rheological properties of the barley flour were not greatly influenced by 10% ground flaxseed replacements but showed differences at the 50% replacement level. Shear thinning properties were observed for all the composites. These functional composites could be valuable and applicable for developing new functional food products with health benefits of decreasing heart problems, diabetes, and obesity along with providing desirable texture.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2602303)the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2023S149)Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan(No.2025KY280).
文摘Introduction:Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus)is a common foodborne pathogen in coastal areas of China.Most epidemiological studies on V.parahaemolyticus have focused on foodborne disease outbreaks,with fewer studies based on long-term,continuous,and systematic sentinel surveillance.Methods:Data were collected from the national foodborne disease active surveillance program in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in China from 2013 to 2022.V.parahaemolyticus-positive cases were collected for further analysis in this study.Results:From 2013 to 2022,the National Foodborne Disease Case Surveillance System identified 23,818 cases of V.parahaemolyticus foodborne infection in China.Patient ages ranged from 2 months to 100 years,with an average age of 38.41 years.These cases primarily occurred in coastal areas during summer.A new serotype,O10:K4,emerged in 2020 and has become the dominant serotype over O3:K6.Conclusions:V.parahaemolyticus infection is common in the eastern coastal areas of China and is strongly associated with aquatic food consumption.This study recommends that food regulatory authorities increase routine surveillance and inspection during high-risk periods and in high-risk areas.Authorities should also use social media platforms to conduct extensive public education campaigns on the prevention and control of V.parahaemolyticusassociated foodborne disease.
