Plasma-activated water(PAW) indicated promising potential in controlling the biological contamination of Bacillus cereus,which eliminated its evolutionary endospore that improves its survival ability.However,the spore...Plasma-activated water(PAW) indicated promising potential in controlling the biological contamination of Bacillus cereus,which eliminated its evolutionary endospore that improves its survival ability.However,the spore inactivation mechanism by PAW at molecular level was not well understood.The mechanism of the B.cereus endospore against PAW at proteomic levels was demonstrated.The Tandem Mass Tag(TMT) labeling was performed.By comparing the treatment groups with control(including PAW and PAW added superoxide dismutase(SOD)),the expression of 251 proteins(with the number of 207 up-and 44 down-regulated) and 379 proteins(with the corresponding number of 238 and 141) were drastically affected,separately.The 6 categories based on the protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks included oxidation-reduction,transport,sporulation and DNA topological change,gene expression,metabolism,and others.The 3 dehydrogenases(genes hisD,BC_2176,and asd) in PAW while oxidoreductase(genes BC_0399 and BC_2529) in SOD were activated to maintain the antioxidation of spores.The proteins(BC_4271 and BC_2655) in SOD were dramatically activated,which were involved in the carbohydrate,amino acid,and energy-coupling transport.All the small,acid-soluble spore proteins were activated in both groups to protect the spores' DNA.In SOD,genes metG2 and rpmC also were considered important factors in translation while this role was played in gene groES but not rpmF in PAW.The PAW activated the biogenesis of cell wall/membrane/envelope and phosphorelay signal transduction system to contribute to the survival of spores whereas the SOD damaged these 2 processes as well as cell division,chromosome separation,organic acid phosphorylation,base-and nucleotide-excision repairs to lead to the death of spores.This would promise to lay the foundation for advancing the study of the intrinsic mechanism of spore killing against PAW and can also provide a reference for future verification.展开更多
The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia(IDA)remains high in infants,resulting in growth retardation,neurodevelopmental impairment,immunodeficiency and other irreversible injuries.Efficient and safe iron supplementati...The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia(IDA)remains high in infants,resulting in growth retardation,neurodevelopmental impairment,immunodeficiency and other irreversible injuries.Efficient and safe iron supplementation for infants has been the goal of recent research.This study aims to investigate the effect of encapsulated ferric pyrophosphate(FePP)on intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota in IDA suckling rats.Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with low and high doses of FePP and FeSO4(2 and 10 mg Fe/kg BW,respectively)during postnatal days 2-14,while the Ctrl group was gavaged with saline.Results showed that FePP supplementation was as effective as FeSO4 in promoting growth,alleviating anemia and restoring body iron levels.Both low and high doses of FePP could significantly down-regulate the expression of pro inflammatory cytokines in the colon to the level similar to that in the Ctrl group(P>0.05).However,the high dose of FeSO4 did not show a down-regulation effect.Compared with the Ctrl group,IDA caused a disturbance of gut microbiota composition in suckling rats,and FePP could restore this dysbiosis.Besides,FePP was more beneficial than FeSO4 in increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides and Akkermansia.Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a correlation between gut microbiota and biochemical indicators such as iron status,pro-inflammatory cytokine expression,and oxidative stress level.Overall,these findings suggested that FePP could effectively improve IDA,and is more effective than FeSO4 in alleviating intestinal inflammation and regulating gut microbiota,which provides a basis for the application of new iron fortificant in infant formula.展开更多
Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the ri...Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia.This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanism of dietary factors and effects of dietary types associated with hyperuricemia.Recommendations for dietary modification to prevent hyperuricemia are as following:decreasing intake of animal organs,seafood,sugar-sweetened,and alcohol beverages is essential;choosing water or unsweetened tea and coffee instead of sweetened beverages is beneficial;and increasing intake of vegetables,reduced-fat dairy products,foods containing fiber,micronutrients and unsaturated fatty acids is helpful.In addition,consumption of fruits and legumes in moderation is advantageous,and low-fructose of fruits and low-purine of non-soy beans are recommended.Moreover,personalized diet needs to be emphasized for hyperuricemic patients accompanied with diverse metabolic diseases.展开更多
Advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) have been recognized as hazards in processed foods that can induce chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we investigat...Advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) have been recognized as hazards in processed foods that can induce chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we investigated the AGEs contents of 35 types of industrial seafood products that are consumed frequently in eastern China. Total fluorescent AGEs level and Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine(CML) content were evaluated by fluorescence spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), respectively. The level of total fluorescent AGEs in seafood samples ranged from 39.37 to 1178.3 AU, and was higher in canned and packaged instant aquatic products that were processed at high temperatures. The CML content in seafood samples ranged from 44.8 to 439.1 mg per kg dried sample, and was higher in roasted seafood samples. The total fluorescent AGEs and CML content increased when seafood underwent high-temperature processing, but did not show an obvious correlation. The present study suggested that commonly consumed seafood contains different levels of AGEs, and the seafood processed at high temperatures always displays a high level of either AGEs or CML.展开更多
In order to screen the antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed indigenous foods of tropical region, vegetables, fruits, tea, oil seeds, legumes, spices and cereal were analyzed. Among the vegetables, green chili sho...In order to screen the antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed indigenous foods of tropical region, vegetables, fruits, tea, oil seeds, legumes, spices and cereal were analyzed. Among the vegetables, green chili showed the highest total oxygen radical absorbance capacity （ORACFL） and lipophilic ORAC （L-ORACFL）; whereas, bean showed highest hydrophilic ORAC （H-ORACFL） content. The H-ORACFL of vegetable samples varied between 2.26 to 23.08 ~tmol of Trolox equivalent （TE）/g of fresh weight （FW） and L-ORACFL content widely varied from 0.20 （sweet pumpkin） to 16.95 （green chili）. The range of H-ORACFL values of fruits showed large variation （0.45-178 Ixmol of TE/g FW）. All four different types of tea showed high H-ORACFL （1,295.84-2,709.11 lamol of TE/g）, in contrast to negligible amount of L-ORACFL. In legumes, H-ORACFL content ranged from 16.22 to 140.54; whereas, L-ORACFL ranged from 4.43 to 25.78. Porso millets showed higher L-ORACFL value （19.4） as compared to H-ORACFL （0.8）. In case of spices, L-ORACFL content varied from 29.75 ± 0.00 to 1,575.24 ± 39.63, which is considerably higher as compared to H-ORACFL （61.68 ± 1.71 to 272.82± 1.05） content. Comparatively, spices showed much higher H-ORACFL values as compared to fruits analyzed. In case of selective vegetables, fruits and tea samples, the total phenol content was highly correlated with the H-ORACFL content.展开更多
Objective:To study anxiolytic property of hydro alchohol extract and to estimate polyphenols present in the extract by HPLC.Methods:To evaluate anxiolytic properly two animal models were used viz.Elevated T maze and h...Objective:To study anxiolytic property of hydro alchohol extract and to estimate polyphenols present in the extract by HPLC.Methods:To evaluate anxiolytic properly two animal models were used viz.Elevated T maze and hyponeophagia.Diazepam(1 mg/kg body wt.) served as the standard anxiolvtic agent for all the tests.The dried extract of the plant leaf in doses of 100.200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was administered orally to mice for duration of 1? or 30 days and locomotor and anxiolytic activities were performed.Polyphenols was estimated using HPLC. Results:The HPLC analysis of the polyphenols revealed the presence chlorogenic acid,vanillin, epicatechin,caffeic acid,rutin hydrate,sinapic acid,quercetin-3-rhamnoside.p-coumeric acid and quercitin.Time spent and number of entries into the open arm was improved in 30 days treated animals than that of 15 days treated groups,200 and 400 mg/kg body weight treated group showed significant results when comparing with the control group.Conclusions:Te hydro alcohol extract rich in Polyphenols and other secondary metabolites is a potent anxiolytic agent.展开更多
Development of food service institution has been initiated by industrialization and has grown rapidly over the last half century. Institutional Food Service includes planning, preparation, distribution and supply of f...Development of food service institution has been initiated by industrialization and has grown rapidly over the last half century. Institutional Food Service includes planning, preparation, distribution and supply of foods outside home. Consumer perceptions towards institutional foods are influenced by marketing, advertising and lifestyle changes. Food service systems/catering units promote new processing methods and bulk packaging of food to conquer problems like skilled labour shortage and reduce the operation cost. This review emphasize on the evolution of food services (vending, industrial food services, school lunch, hospital etc.) and its importance. It also highlights the attributes for making institutional foods more acceptable for consumers and their role of human engineering.展开更多
In the present study, a novel non radioactive digoxigenen labelled PCR-DNA probe was developed targeting nor-1 gene to assess the contamination of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species in food grain samples from Southern ...In the present study, a novel non radioactive digoxigenen labelled PCR-DNA probe was developed targeting nor-1 gene to assess the contamination of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species in food grain samples from Southern parts of India. The sensitivity of developed PCR-DNA probe was determined to be 10 pg of genomic DNA and 1 pg of purified PCR product. The specificity of the DNA probe was validated by testing against an array of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp. A total of 89 Aspergillus isolates were recovered from 152 grain samples of maize, paddy, and groundnut. Among them, maize had the highest (90%) incidence of toxigenic Aspergillus species. When developed PCR-DNA probe was evaluated onto pure cultures of toxigenic and nontoxigenic Aspergillus species, 60 samples were positive for the nor-1 gene probe. DNA probe results unequivocally matched with the HPLC analysis. In conclusion, the novel PCR-DNA probe developed in this study may find its application in rapid detection of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus isolates from contaminated cereal grains.展开更多
Microalgae are a potential source for various valuable chemicals for commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels. This review aims to focus on microalgal as preservative potential to food chain. The m...Microalgae are a potential source for various valuable chemicals for commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels. This review aims to focus on microalgal as preservative potential to food chain. The main compounds responsible for these properties, like carotenoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidant vitamins, sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids are discussed because microalgae can be cultivated under controlled conditions to improve their production. We have listed several studies performed in recent years supporting the health benefits that most of these compounds can provide. Therefore, they may represent an excellent source of preservatives in food chain once their safety as a food supplement has been also confirmed.展开更多
We investigated the presence and related signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of rod-shaped bacteria on a produce surface using elastic scattering. The theoretical noise was defined as a scattering signal from a rough produce ...We investigated the presence and related signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of rod-shaped bacteria on a produce surface using elastic scattering. The theoretical noise was defined as a scattering signal from a rough produce surface while the signal was defined as a scattering signal from the increasing numbers of rod-shaped bacteria on the produce surface. In this research, we measured the surface topography of a tomato using BioAFM to provide the quantitative nature of the surface roughness which was, in turn, modeled with the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) for an accurate estimation of the background scattering signature. Then we included the DDA model of rod-shaped bacteria and calculated the combined elastic scattering signature in the upper hemispherical space with different polarizations, wavelengths, and incident angles. The total scattering cross-section (TSC) and partial scattering cross-section (PSC) were both computed on six predefined aperture locations. The results indicate that, upon proper selection of the wavelength and incident angle, it was possible to provide the minimum number of bacteria (~32) to provide a differentiable elastic scattering signal from the produce surface.展开更多
Chinese yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.),as one of the medicinal and edible homologous plants,is rich in various nutrients and functional factors.In this study,Chinese yam fermented by Saccharomyces boulardii was perfor...Chinese yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.),as one of the medicinal and edible homologous plants,is rich in various nutrients and functional factors.In this study,Chinese yam fermented by Saccharomyces boulardii was performed to investigate its bioactive components and metabolic profile.And then,the main bioactive components and biological activities of fermented Chinese yam ethanol extract(FCYE)were evaluated.Results showed that there were 49 up-regulated metabolites and 52 down-regulated metabolites in fermented Chinese yam compared to unfermented Chinese yam.Besides,corresponding metabolic pathways analysis initially revealed that the distribution of bioactive substances was concentrated on alcoholsoluble small molecular substances.Ulteriorly,the total polyphenol content and the total flavonoid content in FCYE were significantly increased,and the corresponding antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities in vitro were also significantly enhanced.Our study provided a new reference for the comprehensive utilization of Chinese yam and laid a theoretical foundation for the development and application of natural probiotic-fermented products.展开更多
Extruded rice has increasingly gained popularity in the market due to its convenience and acceptable texture.The objective of this study was to understand how the physicochemical,thermal,and textural properties of the...Extruded rice has increasingly gained popularity in the market due to its convenience and acceptable texture.The objective of this study was to understand how the physicochemical,thermal,and textural properties of the extruded rice affected its cooking properties and texture of the cooked one.It was found that air trapped in the grains during extrusion reduced the transparency of extruded rice.More air trapped in the grains reduced the true density of the extruded rice,which in turn decreased the hardness of extruded rice.A looser internal structure of extruded rice grain,as indicated by the lower true density,resulted in a faster hydration and shorter optimum cooking time.Extruded rices showed two thermal-transition peaks,with peak 1 from 93.3℃ to 112.8℃ and peak 2 from 107.5℃ to 132.5℃.The increased hardness of extruded rice led to increases in its thermaltransition temperatures,longer optimum steaming time,and decreases in its water absorption and cooking loss,which resulted in an increase in the hardness and a reduction in the adhesiveness of the steamed one.This study provides insights into the key factors determining the eating quality of extruded rice,which is beneficial for food scientists in developing premium extruded rice.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)refers to a pair of prevalent conditions(Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis)distinguished by persistent inflammation of the large intestine.Procyanidin C1(PCC1)is a natu-rally occur...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)refers to a pair of prevalent conditions(Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis)distinguished by persistent inflammation of the large intestine.Procyanidin C1(PCC1)is a natu-rally occurring substance derived from grape seeds that has demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory properties.This study examines the potential utility of PCC1 as a treatment for IBD and subsequently examines the host-cell-and microbiome-related mechanisms underlying the detected therapeutic bene-fits.Working with a classic dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced mouse IBD model,we show that PCC1 protects the mucosal barrier and thereby confers strong protective effects against IBD.PCC1 pretreatment resulted in anti-inflammatory effects and protection against multiple pathological phenotypes in the IBD model mice,including reduced weight loss,lower disease activity index(DAI)totals,and enhanced colon size,as well as obviously beneficial effects on the mucosal barrier(e.g.,barrier thickness and activity of mucus-degrading enzymes).We also analyzed the autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3(LC3)and found that the level of LC3 was significantly elevated in the intestinal epithelial cell samples of the PCC1-pretreatment group as compared with the non-model mice samples.PCC1 altered the fecal microbiome composition,which included elevating the abundance of Akkermansia muci-niphila and Christensenella minuta.Fecal microbiome transplant(FMT)experiments showed that deliver-ing a microbiome from PCC1-treated animals into PCC1-naïve animals conferred protection.Metabolic profiling revealed that both the PCC1-pretreatment and PCC1 FMT groups had elevated levels of the microbiota-derived metabolite valeric acid,and supplementation with this short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)also conferred strong protection against IBD.Finally,inhibitor experiments confirmed that the beneficial effects of valeric acid on the mucus layer are mediated by FOXO1 signaling in the goblet cells of the intestinal epithelium.Beyond showing that PCC1 confers anti-inflammatory effects and protection against IBD by altering the microbiome,our study demonstrates proof of principle for multiple straight-forward interventions(PCC1,FMT,and valeric acid supplementation)for ameliorating mucosal barrier damage to treat IBD.展开更多
Susceptibility to pathogens in the elderly is heightened with age,largely because of immunosenescence.As an immune regulatory organ,bone marrow creates immune cells that move to other organs and tis-sues through the b...Susceptibility to pathogens in the elderly is heightened with age,largely because of immunosenescence.As an immune regulatory organ,bone marrow creates immune cells that move to other organs and tis-sues through the blood.Despite the significance of this process of this organ,there is limited research on changes in immune cell generation in the bone marrow and their effects on immunosenescence.In this study,the compositions of immune cells in bone marrow from young(three months)and old(24+months)mice were compared by means of mass cytometry,with further validation obtained through the reanalysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data and cell sorting via flow cytometry.The effects of differential immune cells on immunosenescence in old mice were evaluated using the Clostridium difficile(C.difficile)infection model.Our results showed that aged mice presented with a reduction in bone tra-beculae structure,which was accompanied by a notable increase in polymorphonuclear(PMN)-myeloid-derived suppressor cell(MDSC)abundance.Through bulk-seq and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)analysis,we identified differential genes associated with the immune response—specifically,the Th17 cell differentiation pathway.Furthermore,the increase in exported PMN-MDSCs to the large intestine resulted in increased gut permeability and inflammatory damage to the colon following C.difficile infection.After clearing the PMN-MDSCs in old mice using the anti-Gr-1 antibody,the symptoms induced by C.difficile were significantly relieved,as evidenced by an inhibited IL-17 pathway in the colon and reduced gut permeability.In conclusion,aging increases the number of PMN-MDSCs in both the generated bone marrow and the outputted intestine,which con-tributes to susceptibility to C.difficile infection.This study provides a novel target for anti-aging therapy for immunosenescence,which is beneficial for improving immune function in elders.展开更多
The inconsistent findings concerning the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and the large heterogeneity in the published literature call for further research to identify sources of he...The inconsistent findings concerning the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and the large heterogeneity in the published literature call for further research to identify sources of heterogeneity and potential effect modifiers.We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)published until March 2024 that reported estimates for the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic factors and relevant baseline covariates of RCT participants.A total of 17656 participants from 99 RCTs were analyzed,and weighted mean differences(95%confidence intervals(CI))for the intervention status were derived using random-effects modeling.Overall,compared with the placebo,vitamin D supplementation(median dose:3320 international unit(IU)·day^(-1);range 40-120000 IU·day^(-1))had favorable effects on systolic blood pressure(SBP;-2.04(95%CI,-3.50,-0.59)mmHg;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),diastolic blood pressure(DBP;-3.00(95%CI,-3.61,-2.39)mmHg),total cholesterol(TC;-0.12(95%CI,-0.21,-0.03)mmol·L^(-1)),fasting blood glucose(FBG;-0.13(95%CI,-0.20,-0.05)mmol·L^(-1)),hemoglobin A1C(A1C;-0.09%(95%CI,-0.13%,-0.05%)),and fasting blood insulin(FBI:-7.61(95%CI,-11.93,-3.30)pmol·L^(-1)).The benefits of vitamin D were most evident in trials performed in non-Westerners,participants with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25[OH]D)lower than 15.0 ng·mL^(-1),non-obese(body mass index(BMI)<30 kg·m^(-2)),and older(age-50 years).The findings of this study underscore the need for personalized vitamin D intervention strategies that comprehensively account for individual patient characteristics(such as ethnocultural background,age,BMI,and circulating 25[OH]D level),intervention dosage,and intervention duration to optimize cardiometabolic health outcomes.展开更多
The optimum levels of Lysine and Glutamine needed for growth performance and maintenance of the chicken broilers were evaluated in a randomized 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The battery cages...The optimum levels of Lysine and Glutamine needed for growth performance and maintenance of the chicken broilers were evaluated in a randomized 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The battery cages measured 99 × 66 × 25 cm that can be sufficient for 5 birds. Day old Chicken broilers totaling 180 were assigned to dietary treatments comprising of 3 concentrations of Lysine (0.85, 1.14, and 1.42) each in combination with 4 concentrations of Glutamine (0, 1, 2, and 3). Each dietary treatment was replicated 3 times and each replication had 5 birds. The birds were given feed and water ad libitum with a 23-hour light regimen for a period of 4 weeks. Then, the experimental birds were evaluated for body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion in order to determine their optimum requirement for dietary Lysine and Glutamine. Based on the findings of this study, the highest performance was observed in birds fed the diet supplemented with 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine, but the highest improvement in feed conversion was observed in diet contain 1.14 and 1.42 with 1% and 3% glutamine, respectively. Birds fed 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine had the highest total body weight gain and feed consumption. The lysine requirements in the diet for Chicken are between 1.14 and 1.42 with glutamine level of 1%.展开更多
The study determined the nutritional properties of different species of millets namely, millet (Bajra, red sorghum, Ragi, little millet, Kodo millet, Foxtail millet and Barnyard millet). The properties included protei...The study determined the nutritional properties of different species of millets namely, millet (Bajra, red sorghum, Ragi, little millet, Kodo millet, Foxtail millet and Barnyard millet). The properties included protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, minerals (iron, cobalt, copper, aluminum, calcium) and B group vitamins. (Give a highlight of your methodology and discussion before conclusion) The study concluded that millets are good sources of nutrients and in this different type of millet powder, the highest amount of nutrients is achieved by Bajra—Kambu is (fat 5.21 ± 0.3 g, fiber 11.50 ± 0.5 g, Cobalt 0.035 ± 0.012, Iron 7.52 ± 0.94, Vitamin B2 0.18 ± 0.02 and Vitamin B6 0.35 ± 0.03), Sorghum—Solam is (Protein 11.21 ± 0.3 g, Vitamin B9 38.63 ± 2.50), Ragi—Kezhvaragu is (Aluminium 3.65 ± 0.72, Calcium 383 ± 24), Little millet—Saamai (Vitamin B7 6.52 ± 0.65), Foxtail millet—Thinai is (Vitamin B1 0.45 ± 0.05, Vitamin B5 0.75 ± 0.03), Barnyard millet—Kuthiravali is Vitamin B3 0.15 ± 0.04.展开更多
The chemical composition of Pellonula leonensis fish oils from the Congo River (at Boko city) was carried out. The fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. The Sn-2 position of fatty acids on glycerol was ca...The chemical composition of Pellonula leonensis fish oils from the Congo River (at Boko city) was carried out. The fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. The Sn-2 position of fatty acids on glycerol was carried out by the ISO 6800 standard. The separation of the compounds (as free fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, sterols and methyl esters, etc.) was carried out by HPLC using gel permeation with refractometric detection. The phospholipid composition was by HPLC with an evaporative light scattering detector. We obtained oil contents of 32.10 (±0.46)%. The major fatty acids were Palmitic acid (27.41%) and oleic acid (24.23%). The SFA were of 44.50%. The MUFA represent 32.54% and PUFA 22.60%. Regarding the Sn-2 position on glycerol, 48.0% were by SFA and 51.3% were by unsaturated fatty acids. Among them 34.2% of fatty acids were 17.5% oleic acid molecules, 3.3% DHA molecules and 2.1% EPA molecules. Free fatty acids have contents of more than 62%, Diglycerides 16.63% and triglycerides 20.46%. Seven different phospholipids were identified, namely: Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), Phosphatidylinositol (PI), Phosphatidylcholine (PC), Sphingomyelin (SM), Lyso Phosphatitdylcholine (LPC) and Lyso Phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE). According to the high levels in position 2 of the glycerol of palmitic acid, the consumption of Pellonula leonensis fish could be moderate.展开更多
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LR21C200002)。
文摘Plasma-activated water(PAW) indicated promising potential in controlling the biological contamination of Bacillus cereus,which eliminated its evolutionary endospore that improves its survival ability.However,the spore inactivation mechanism by PAW at molecular level was not well understood.The mechanism of the B.cereus endospore against PAW at proteomic levels was demonstrated.The Tandem Mass Tag(TMT) labeling was performed.By comparing the treatment groups with control(including PAW and PAW added superoxide dismutase(SOD)),the expression of 251 proteins(with the number of 207 up-and 44 down-regulated) and 379 proteins(with the corresponding number of 238 and 141) were drastically affected,separately.The 6 categories based on the protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks included oxidation-reduction,transport,sporulation and DNA topological change,gene expression,metabolism,and others.The 3 dehydrogenases(genes hisD,BC_2176,and asd) in PAW while oxidoreductase(genes BC_0399 and BC_2529) in SOD were activated to maintain the antioxidation of spores.The proteins(BC_4271 and BC_2655) in SOD were dramatically activated,which were involved in the carbohydrate,amino acid,and energy-coupling transport.All the small,acid-soluble spore proteins were activated in both groups to protect the spores' DNA.In SOD,genes metG2 and rpmC also were considered important factors in translation while this role was played in gene groES but not rpmF in PAW.The PAW activated the biogenesis of cell wall/membrane/envelope and phosphorelay signal transduction system to contribute to the survival of spores whereas the SOD damaged these 2 processes as well as cell division,chromosome separation,organic acid phosphorylation,base-and nucleotide-excision repairs to lead to the death of spores.This would promise to lay the foundation for advancing the study of the intrinsic mechanism of spore killing against PAW and can also provide a reference for future verification.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001676)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)(2022QNRC001).
文摘The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia(IDA)remains high in infants,resulting in growth retardation,neurodevelopmental impairment,immunodeficiency and other irreversible injuries.Efficient and safe iron supplementation for infants has been the goal of recent research.This study aims to investigate the effect of encapsulated ferric pyrophosphate(FePP)on intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota in IDA suckling rats.Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with low and high doses of FePP and FeSO4(2 and 10 mg Fe/kg BW,respectively)during postnatal days 2-14,while the Ctrl group was gavaged with saline.Results showed that FePP supplementation was as effective as FeSO4 in promoting growth,alleviating anemia and restoring body iron levels.Both low and high doses of FePP could significantly down-regulate the expression of pro inflammatory cytokines in the colon to the level similar to that in the Ctrl group(P>0.05).However,the high dose of FeSO4 did not show a down-regulation effect.Compared with the Ctrl group,IDA caused a disturbance of gut microbiota composition in suckling rats,and FePP could restore this dysbiosis.Besides,FePP was more beneficial than FeSO4 in increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides and Akkermansia.Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a correlation between gut microbiota and biochemical indicators such as iron status,pro-inflammatory cytokine expression,and oxidative stress level.Overall,these findings suggested that FePP could effectively improve IDA,and is more effective than FeSO4 in alleviating intestinal inflammation and regulating gut microbiota,which provides a basis for the application of new iron fortificant in infant formula.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32122069)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(No.BJJWZYJH01201910011025)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730134)。
文摘Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia.This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanism of dietary factors and effects of dietary types associated with hyperuricemia.Recommendations for dietary modification to prevent hyperuricemia are as following:decreasing intake of animal organs,seafood,sugar-sweetened,and alcohol beverages is essential;choosing water or unsweetened tea and coffee instead of sweetened beverages is beneficial;and increasing intake of vegetables,reduced-fat dairy products,foods containing fiber,micronutrients and unsaturated fatty acids is helpful.In addition,consumption of fruits and legumes in moderation is advantageous,and low-fructose of fruits and low-purine of non-soy beans are recommended.Moreover,personalized diet needs to be emphasized for hyperuricemic patients accompanied with diverse metabolic diseases.
基金This study was partially supported by the Industrial Innovation Center(IIC),Atyab Food Tech LLC and Sultan Qaboos University–College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Dean’s Seed Grant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31371730)the National Science & Technology Pillar Program (2012BAD28B05)
文摘Advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) have been recognized as hazards in processed foods that can induce chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we investigated the AGEs contents of 35 types of industrial seafood products that are consumed frequently in eastern China. Total fluorescent AGEs level and Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine(CML) content were evaluated by fluorescence spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), respectively. The level of total fluorescent AGEs in seafood samples ranged from 39.37 to 1178.3 AU, and was higher in canned and packaged instant aquatic products that were processed at high temperatures. The CML content in seafood samples ranged from 44.8 to 439.1 mg per kg dried sample, and was higher in roasted seafood samples. The total fluorescent AGEs and CML content increased when seafood underwent high-temperature processing, but did not show an obvious correlation. The present study suggested that commonly consumed seafood contains different levels of AGEs, and the seafood processed at high temperatures always displays a high level of either AGEs or CML.
文摘In order to screen the antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed indigenous foods of tropical region, vegetables, fruits, tea, oil seeds, legumes, spices and cereal were analyzed. Among the vegetables, green chili showed the highest total oxygen radical absorbance capacity （ORACFL） and lipophilic ORAC （L-ORACFL）; whereas, bean showed highest hydrophilic ORAC （H-ORACFL） content. The H-ORACFL of vegetable samples varied between 2.26 to 23.08 ~tmol of Trolox equivalent （TE）/g of fresh weight （FW） and L-ORACFL content widely varied from 0.20 （sweet pumpkin） to 16.95 （green chili）. The range of H-ORACFL values of fruits showed large variation （0.45-178 Ixmol of TE/g FW）. All four different types of tea showed high H-ORACFL （1,295.84-2,709.11 lamol of TE/g）, in contrast to negligible amount of L-ORACFL. In legumes, H-ORACFL content ranged from 16.22 to 140.54; whereas, L-ORACFL ranged from 4.43 to 25.78. Porso millets showed higher L-ORACFL value （19.4） as compared to H-ORACFL （0.8）. In case of spices, L-ORACFL content varied from 29.75 ± 0.00 to 1,575.24 ± 39.63, which is considerably higher as compared to H-ORACFL （61.68 ± 1.71 to 272.82± 1.05） content. Comparatively, spices showed much higher H-ORACFL values as compared to fruits analyzed. In case of selective vegetables, fruits and tea samples, the total phenol content was highly correlated with the H-ORACFL content.
文摘Objective:To study anxiolytic property of hydro alchohol extract and to estimate polyphenols present in the extract by HPLC.Methods:To evaluate anxiolytic properly two animal models were used viz.Elevated T maze and hyponeophagia.Diazepam(1 mg/kg body wt.) served as the standard anxiolvtic agent for all the tests.The dried extract of the plant leaf in doses of 100.200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was administered orally to mice for duration of 1? or 30 days and locomotor and anxiolytic activities were performed.Polyphenols was estimated using HPLC. Results:The HPLC analysis of the polyphenols revealed the presence chlorogenic acid,vanillin, epicatechin,caffeic acid,rutin hydrate,sinapic acid,quercetin-3-rhamnoside.p-coumeric acid and quercitin.Time spent and number of entries into the open arm was improved in 30 days treated animals than that of 15 days treated groups,200 and 400 mg/kg body weight treated group showed significant results when comparing with the control group.Conclusions:Te hydro alcohol extract rich in Polyphenols and other secondary metabolites is a potent anxiolytic agent.
文摘Development of food service institution has been initiated by industrialization and has grown rapidly over the last half century. Institutional Food Service includes planning, preparation, distribution and supply of foods outside home. Consumer perceptions towards institutional foods are influenced by marketing, advertising and lifestyle changes. Food service systems/catering units promote new processing methods and bulk packaging of food to conquer problems like skilled labour shortage and reduce the operation cost. This review emphasize on the evolution of food services (vending, industrial food services, school lunch, hospital etc.) and its importance. It also highlights the attributes for making institutional foods more acceptable for consumers and their role of human engineering.
文摘In the present study, a novel non radioactive digoxigenen labelled PCR-DNA probe was developed targeting nor-1 gene to assess the contamination of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species in food grain samples from Southern parts of India. The sensitivity of developed PCR-DNA probe was determined to be 10 pg of genomic DNA and 1 pg of purified PCR product. The specificity of the DNA probe was validated by testing against an array of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp. A total of 89 Aspergillus isolates were recovered from 152 grain samples of maize, paddy, and groundnut. Among them, maize had the highest (90%) incidence of toxigenic Aspergillus species. When developed PCR-DNA probe was evaluated onto pure cultures of toxigenic and nontoxigenic Aspergillus species, 60 samples were positive for the nor-1 gene probe. DNA probe results unequivocally matched with the HPLC analysis. In conclusion, the novel PCR-DNA probe developed in this study may find its application in rapid detection of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus isolates from contaminated cereal grains.
文摘Microalgae are a potential source for various valuable chemicals for commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels. This review aims to focus on microalgal as preservative potential to food chain. The main compounds responsible for these properties, like carotenoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidant vitamins, sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids are discussed because microalgae can be cultivated under controlled conditions to improve their production. We have listed several studies performed in recent years supporting the health benefits that most of these compounds can provide. Therefore, they may represent an excellent source of preservatives in food chain once their safety as a food supplement has been also confirmed.
文摘We investigated the presence and related signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of rod-shaped bacteria on a produce surface using elastic scattering. The theoretical noise was defined as a scattering signal from a rough produce surface while the signal was defined as a scattering signal from the increasing numbers of rod-shaped bacteria on the produce surface. In this research, we measured the surface topography of a tomato using BioAFM to provide the quantitative nature of the surface roughness which was, in turn, modeled with the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) for an accurate estimation of the background scattering signature. Then we included the DDA model of rod-shaped bacteria and calculated the combined elastic scattering signature in the upper hemispherical space with different polarizations, wavelengths, and incident angles. The total scattering cross-section (TSC) and partial scattering cross-section (PSC) were both computed on six predefined aperture locations. The results indicate that, upon proper selection of the wavelength and incident angle, it was possible to provide the minimum number of bacteria (~32) to provide a differentiable elastic scattering signal from the produce surface.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172211)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province for Outstanding Youth,China(202300410365)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1103300)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(22HASTIT037)the Technology Development(Cooperation)project of Zhengzhou University(20210442A,20210327A).
文摘Chinese yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.),as one of the medicinal and edible homologous plants,is rich in various nutrients and functional factors.In this study,Chinese yam fermented by Saccharomyces boulardii was performed to investigate its bioactive components and metabolic profile.And then,the main bioactive components and biological activities of fermented Chinese yam ethanol extract(FCYE)were evaluated.Results showed that there were 49 up-regulated metabolites and 52 down-regulated metabolites in fermented Chinese yam compared to unfermented Chinese yam.Besides,corresponding metabolic pathways analysis initially revealed that the distribution of bioactive substances was concentrated on alcoholsoluble small molecular substances.Ulteriorly,the total polyphenol content and the total flavonoid content in FCYE were significantly increased,and the corresponding antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities in vitro were also significantly enhanced.Our study provided a new reference for the comprehensive utilization of Chinese yam and laid a theoretical foundation for the development and application of natural probiotic-fermented products.
基金supported by the Key Science and Technology Project of Henan (211110110600)the Major Science and Technology Project of Henan (221100110700 and 231100110300)+1 种基金the High-Level Talent Research Start-up Fund Project of Henan University of Technology (2022BS039)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan (222300420423).
文摘Extruded rice has increasingly gained popularity in the market due to its convenience and acceptable texture.The objective of this study was to understand how the physicochemical,thermal,and textural properties of the extruded rice affected its cooking properties and texture of the cooked one.It was found that air trapped in the grains during extrusion reduced the transparency of extruded rice.More air trapped in the grains reduced the true density of the extruded rice,which in turn decreased the hardness of extruded rice.A looser internal structure of extruded rice grain,as indicated by the lower true density,resulted in a faster hydration and shorter optimum cooking time.Extruded rices showed two thermal-transition peaks,with peak 1 from 93.3℃ to 112.8℃ and peak 2 from 107.5℃ to 132.5℃.The increased hardness of extruded rice led to increases in its thermaltransition temperatures,longer optimum steaming time,and decreases in its water absorption and cooking loss,which resulted in an increase in the hardness and a reduction in the adhesiveness of the steamed one.This study provides insights into the key factors determining the eating quality of extruded rice,which is beneficial for food scientists in developing premium extruded rice.
基金supported by the 111 projects of the Education Ministry of China(B18053)the National Natural Science Foundation(32130081)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0710402)the Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund(PC2023B01014).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)refers to a pair of prevalent conditions(Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis)distinguished by persistent inflammation of the large intestine.Procyanidin C1(PCC1)is a natu-rally occurring substance derived from grape seeds that has demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory properties.This study examines the potential utility of PCC1 as a treatment for IBD and subsequently examines the host-cell-and microbiome-related mechanisms underlying the detected therapeutic bene-fits.Working with a classic dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced mouse IBD model,we show that PCC1 protects the mucosal barrier and thereby confers strong protective effects against IBD.PCC1 pretreatment resulted in anti-inflammatory effects and protection against multiple pathological phenotypes in the IBD model mice,including reduced weight loss,lower disease activity index(DAI)totals,and enhanced colon size,as well as obviously beneficial effects on the mucosal barrier(e.g.,barrier thickness and activity of mucus-degrading enzymes).We also analyzed the autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3(LC3)and found that the level of LC3 was significantly elevated in the intestinal epithelial cell samples of the PCC1-pretreatment group as compared with the non-model mice samples.PCC1 altered the fecal microbiome composition,which included elevating the abundance of Akkermansia muci-niphila and Christensenella minuta.Fecal microbiome transplant(FMT)experiments showed that deliver-ing a microbiome from PCC1-treated animals into PCC1-naïve animals conferred protection.Metabolic profiling revealed that both the PCC1-pretreatment and PCC1 FMT groups had elevated levels of the microbiota-derived metabolite valeric acid,and supplementation with this short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)also conferred strong protection against IBD.Finally,inhibitor experiments confirmed that the beneficial effects of valeric acid on the mucus layer are mediated by FOXO1 signaling in the goblet cells of the intestinal epithelium.Beyond showing that PCC1 confers anti-inflammatory effects and protection against IBD by altering the microbiome,our study demonstrates proof of principle for multiple straight-forward interventions(PCC1,FMT,and valeric acid supplementation)for ameliorating mucosal barrier damage to treat IBD.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100504)the 111 project from the Education Ministry of China(B18053)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101938 and 32302758)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M723422)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230848).
文摘Susceptibility to pathogens in the elderly is heightened with age,largely because of immunosenescence.As an immune regulatory organ,bone marrow creates immune cells that move to other organs and tis-sues through the blood.Despite the significance of this process of this organ,there is limited research on changes in immune cell generation in the bone marrow and their effects on immunosenescence.In this study,the compositions of immune cells in bone marrow from young(three months)and old(24+months)mice were compared by means of mass cytometry,with further validation obtained through the reanalysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data and cell sorting via flow cytometry.The effects of differential immune cells on immunosenescence in old mice were evaluated using the Clostridium difficile(C.difficile)infection model.Our results showed that aged mice presented with a reduction in bone tra-beculae structure,which was accompanied by a notable increase in polymorphonuclear(PMN)-myeloid-derived suppressor cell(MDSC)abundance.Through bulk-seq and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)analysis,we identified differential genes associated with the immune response—specifically,the Th17 cell differentiation pathway.Furthermore,the increase in exported PMN-MDSCs to the large intestine resulted in increased gut permeability and inflammatory damage to the colon following C.difficile infection.After clearing the PMN-MDSCs in old mice using the anti-Gr-1 antibody,the symptoms induced by C.difficile were significantly relieved,as evidenced by an inhibited IL-17 pathway in the colon and reduced gut permeability.In conclusion,aging increases the number of PMN-MDSCs in both the generated bone marrow and the outputted intestine,which con-tributes to susceptibility to C.difficile infection.This study provides a novel target for anti-aging therapy for immunosenescence,which is beneficial for improving immune function in elders.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1105201)the China Dairy Industry Association Dairy Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CDIAKCJJ-MN-2023-001)+1 种基金the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(bj-2023-72)the 111 project from the Education Ministry of China(B18053).
文摘The inconsistent findings concerning the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and the large heterogeneity in the published literature call for further research to identify sources of heterogeneity and potential effect modifiers.We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)published until March 2024 that reported estimates for the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic factors and relevant baseline covariates of RCT participants.A total of 17656 participants from 99 RCTs were analyzed,and weighted mean differences(95%confidence intervals(CI))for the intervention status were derived using random-effects modeling.Overall,compared with the placebo,vitamin D supplementation(median dose:3320 international unit(IU)·day^(-1);range 40-120000 IU·day^(-1))had favorable effects on systolic blood pressure(SBP;-2.04(95%CI,-3.50,-0.59)mmHg;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),diastolic blood pressure(DBP;-3.00(95%CI,-3.61,-2.39)mmHg),total cholesterol(TC;-0.12(95%CI,-0.21,-0.03)mmol·L^(-1)),fasting blood glucose(FBG;-0.13(95%CI,-0.20,-0.05)mmol·L^(-1)),hemoglobin A1C(A1C;-0.09%(95%CI,-0.13%,-0.05%)),and fasting blood insulin(FBI:-7.61(95%CI,-11.93,-3.30)pmol·L^(-1)).The benefits of vitamin D were most evident in trials performed in non-Westerners,participants with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25[OH]D)lower than 15.0 ng·mL^(-1),non-obese(body mass index(BMI)<30 kg·m^(-2)),and older(age-50 years).The findings of this study underscore the need for personalized vitamin D intervention strategies that comprehensively account for individual patient characteristics(such as ethnocultural background,age,BMI,and circulating 25[OH]D level),intervention dosage,and intervention duration to optimize cardiometabolic health outcomes.
文摘The optimum levels of Lysine and Glutamine needed for growth performance and maintenance of the chicken broilers were evaluated in a randomized 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The battery cages measured 99 × 66 × 25 cm that can be sufficient for 5 birds. Day old Chicken broilers totaling 180 were assigned to dietary treatments comprising of 3 concentrations of Lysine (0.85, 1.14, and 1.42) each in combination with 4 concentrations of Glutamine (0, 1, 2, and 3). Each dietary treatment was replicated 3 times and each replication had 5 birds. The birds were given feed and water ad libitum with a 23-hour light regimen for a period of 4 weeks. Then, the experimental birds were evaluated for body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion in order to determine their optimum requirement for dietary Lysine and Glutamine. Based on the findings of this study, the highest performance was observed in birds fed the diet supplemented with 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine, but the highest improvement in feed conversion was observed in diet contain 1.14 and 1.42 with 1% and 3% glutamine, respectively. Birds fed 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine had the highest total body weight gain and feed consumption. The lysine requirements in the diet for Chicken are between 1.14 and 1.42 with glutamine level of 1%.
文摘The study determined the nutritional properties of different species of millets namely, millet (Bajra, red sorghum, Ragi, little millet, Kodo millet, Foxtail millet and Barnyard millet). The properties included protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, minerals (iron, cobalt, copper, aluminum, calcium) and B group vitamins. (Give a highlight of your methodology and discussion before conclusion) The study concluded that millets are good sources of nutrients and in this different type of millet powder, the highest amount of nutrients is achieved by Bajra—Kambu is (fat 5.21 ± 0.3 g, fiber 11.50 ± 0.5 g, Cobalt 0.035 ± 0.012, Iron 7.52 ± 0.94, Vitamin B2 0.18 ± 0.02 and Vitamin B6 0.35 ± 0.03), Sorghum—Solam is (Protein 11.21 ± 0.3 g, Vitamin B9 38.63 ± 2.50), Ragi—Kezhvaragu is (Aluminium 3.65 ± 0.72, Calcium 383 ± 24), Little millet—Saamai (Vitamin B7 6.52 ± 0.65), Foxtail millet—Thinai is (Vitamin B1 0.45 ± 0.05, Vitamin B5 0.75 ± 0.03), Barnyard millet—Kuthiravali is Vitamin B3 0.15 ± 0.04.
文摘The chemical composition of Pellonula leonensis fish oils from the Congo River (at Boko city) was carried out. The fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. The Sn-2 position of fatty acids on glycerol was carried out by the ISO 6800 standard. The separation of the compounds (as free fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, sterols and methyl esters, etc.) was carried out by HPLC using gel permeation with refractometric detection. The phospholipid composition was by HPLC with an evaporative light scattering detector. We obtained oil contents of 32.10 (±0.46)%. The major fatty acids were Palmitic acid (27.41%) and oleic acid (24.23%). The SFA were of 44.50%. The MUFA represent 32.54% and PUFA 22.60%. Regarding the Sn-2 position on glycerol, 48.0% were by SFA and 51.3% were by unsaturated fatty acids. Among them 34.2% of fatty acids were 17.5% oleic acid molecules, 3.3% DHA molecules and 2.1% EPA molecules. Free fatty acids have contents of more than 62%, Diglycerides 16.63% and triglycerides 20.46%. Seven different phospholipids were identified, namely: Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), Phosphatidylinositol (PI), Phosphatidylcholine (PC), Sphingomyelin (SM), Lyso Phosphatitdylcholine (LPC) and Lyso Phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE). According to the high levels in position 2 of the glycerol of palmitic acid, the consumption of Pellonula leonensis fish could be moderate.
