Foodborne bacteria produce biofilms and their viable but non-culturable(VBNC)formation,can affect food quality and safety.Studies have shown that these characteristics are regulated by the bacterial quorum sensing(QS)...Foodborne bacteria produce biofilms and their viable but non-culturable(VBNC)formation,can affect food quality and safety.Studies have shown that these characteristics are regulated by the bacterial quorum sensing(QS)system.Quenching the QS system of foodborne bacteria and blocking the expression of the corresponding genes may be an effective way to improve food quality and safety.Therefore,this article reviews the QS systems for foodborne bacteria,the regulatory mechanisms of QS systems in biofilm and VBNC formation and resuscitation,the research progress on quorum sensing inhibitors(QSIs)for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,and introduces QSIs from various sources.In addition,we have also summarized the current research issues on QS regulation of biofilms and VBNC formation.The systematic study of the QS phenomenon of foodborne bacteria in practical situations,the mechanism of bacterial QS cooperation-cheating,the screening of novel and highly active QSIs,the combination of QSIs and other technologies to improve their bioavailability,and the regulatory network between biofilm and VBNC formation and resuscitation are research directions that need to be paid attention to in the future.展开更多
With the growing demands for food safety,quality,and environmental protection,active food packaging is playing an increasingly vital role in the food industry.Traditional food packaging primarily protects products and...With the growing demands for food safety,quality,and environmental protection,active food packaging is playing an increasingly vital role in the food industry.Traditional food packaging primarily protects products and facilitates transportation.Active food packaging,however,not only fulfills these fundamental functions but also actively interacts with the food or its environment to extend shelf life and enhance food safety.From current research advancements and market applications,active food packaging demonstrates the following prominent development trends.展开更多
Improved yield potential is the goal of barley domestication and cultivation.During this process,two-and six-rowed barley types emerged and have been utilised in breeding and production.The six-rowed type could produc...Improved yield potential is the goal of barley domestication and cultivation.During this process,two-and six-rowed barley types emerged and have been utilised in breeding and production.The six-rowed type could produce three times as many grains as its ancestral two-rowed forms,thus dominating barley cultivation for thousands of years.The deficiens form of the two-rowed type,characterised by extremely suppressed lateral spikelets,has gained dominance over the past few decades in barley-growing regions worldwide.We hypothesised that the absence of lateral spikelets in deficiens barley affects spike architecture and spike-related traits,contributing to its superior yield potential of deficiens barley cultivation.Currently,a deficiens barley variety,RGT Planet,is the most popular barley variety in the world.In this study,we used two F_(2) populations derived from crossing RGT Planet with two canonical two-rowed barley and identified the functional allele Vrs1.t1 associated with deficiens morphology.We observed that the Vrs1.t1 allele may contribute to high yield potential by optimising spike architecture through increased spikelet length,grain number,and grain size.Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the deficiens mutation was likely present from the early stages of barley cultivation in the Fertile Crescent and spread to Ethiopia and beyond with agricultural expansion.We conclude that the ancient deficiens allele Vrs1.t1 has been a critical driver for the recent success of modern barley improvement by optimising spike architecture.展开更多
Floor drains in processing environments harbor Listeria spp. due to continuous presence of humidity and organic substrates. Cleaning and washing activities in food-processing facilities can translocate the bacterial c...Floor drains in processing environments harbor Listeria spp. due to continuous presence of humidity and organic substrates. Cleaning and washing activities in food-processing facilities can translocate the bacterial cells from the drain to the surrounding environment, thus contaminating food products still in production. This study evaluated the potential for translocation of Listeria monocytogenes from drains to food contact surfaces in the surrounding environment using Listeria innocua as a surrogate. A 7 × 7 × 8-foot polycarbonate flexi-glass chamber with a 10-inch-diameter drain mounted on an aluminum cabinet was used. Stainless steel coupons (6.4 × 1.9 × 0.1 cm, 12 per height) were hung at 1, 3, and 5 feet inside the chamber. Four treatment sets;non-inoculated, non-treated;non-inoculated, treated;inoculated, treated;inoculated non-treated;and two subtreatments of 8 h and 48 h were performed. For the inoculated sets, meat slurry (10 gof ground beef in 900 mL water) and a four-strain cocktail of Listeria innocua at 7 - 8 log CFU/mL were used. For the treated sets, in addition, a commercial cleaner and sanitizer was applied. The drain was cleaned using a pressure hose (40 - 50 psi) after 8 h and 48 h. Coupons were then removed and enriched in listeria enrichment broth to establish if any cell translocated from the drain onto the stainless steel coupons via aerosols generated during washing. Confirmation was done using VIP Listeria rapid test kits. Results indicated translocation at all three heights ranging from 2% - 25%. Significantly higher translocation (p Listeria spp. from drains to food contact surfaces does occur and increases with increased proximity to the drain.展开更多
In order to screen the antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed indigenous foods of tropical region, vegetables, fruits, tea, oil seeds, legumes, spices and cereal were analyzed. Among the vegetables, green chili sho...In order to screen the antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed indigenous foods of tropical region, vegetables, fruits, tea, oil seeds, legumes, spices and cereal were analyzed. Among the vegetables, green chili showed the highest total oxygen radical absorbance capacity （ORACFL） and lipophilic ORAC （L-ORACFL）; whereas, bean showed highest hydrophilic ORAC （H-ORACFL） content. The H-ORACFL of vegetable samples varied between 2.26 to 23.08 ~tmol of Trolox equivalent （TE）/g of fresh weight （FW） and L-ORACFL content widely varied from 0.20 （sweet pumpkin） to 16.95 （green chili）. The range of H-ORACFL values of fruits showed large variation （0.45-178 Ixmol of TE/g FW）. All four different types of tea showed high H-ORACFL （1,295.84-2,709.11 lamol of TE/g）, in contrast to negligible amount of L-ORACFL. In legumes, H-ORACFL content ranged from 16.22 to 140.54; whereas, L-ORACFL ranged from 4.43 to 25.78. Porso millets showed higher L-ORACFL value （19.4） as compared to H-ORACFL （0.8）. In case of spices, L-ORACFL content varied from 29.75 ± 0.00 to 1,575.24 ± 39.63, which is considerably higher as compared to H-ORACFL （61.68 ± 1.71 to 272.82± 1.05） content. Comparatively, spices showed much higher H-ORACFL values as compared to fruits analyzed. In case of selective vegetables, fruits and tea samples, the total phenol content was highly correlated with the H-ORACFL content.展开更多
In recent years, research on biopolymer based-coating containing natural antimicrobial agents is developing significantly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of six formulations c...In recent years, research on biopolymer based-coating containing natural antimicrobial agents is developing significantly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of six formulations containing pre-selected natural antimicrobial compounds against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O 157：H7, Salmonella typhimurium, the total bacteria and total yeasts and molds in cauliflower. Each formulation was subjected to a sensory test in parallel to microbiological analysis and the efficiency during storage at 5 ℃ was evaluated for the two best formulations, based on their ability to eliminate the target microorganisms. Both formulations were able to reduce all pathogens and total flora below detectable levels after 24 h of storage at 5 ℃. Using washing or spraying treatments, the two formulations were able to reduce Listeria to undetectable levels for 3 d. This efficiency was extended to 7 d when the formulations were incorporated into an edible coating. Washing treatment with the two formulations was also able to limit the growth of yeast and molds at levels lower than 2 log, for more than 7 d. The population of E. coli was reduced to below the detection limit during 14 d of storage, after washing treatment with the two formulations. The spraying treatment of cauliflower with the formulations allowed the use of very small amounts of antimicrobials while maintaining a fairly good efficiency, greatly reducing the potential costs of implementing this method in the industry. Future research may focus on development of nanoemulsion of antimicrobial formulations based on the developed antimicrobial formulations in this study to improve the better coating efficiency.展开更多
We investigated an interaction effect between lighting color and food color that stimulates or discourages one＇s appetite. Facilitated by the LED （light-emitting diode） as an additional chromatic lighting source, o...We investigated an interaction effect between lighting color and food color that stimulates or discourages one＇s appetite. Facilitated by the LED （light-emitting diode） as an additional chromatic lighting source, observers selected the best and worst lighting colors by themselves using a ＂Mini Living Colors （PhilipsTM）＂ in the preliminary test （N = 30） and then color picker software in the main experiment （N = 30）. Food stimuli were composed of two aspects, type--natural or processed--and complexity--low or high, and consequently they were grouped into four categories. We measured the selected lighting color in terms of chromaticity and illumination level, and analyzed the best and worst combinations based on these measurements. Throughout the two empirical studies, we found three tendencies： First, except for the white, yellow lighting stimulates while red and blue discourages one＇s appetite. Second, when color categories of lighting and food are similar to each other, it stimulates the appetite whereas complementary, it discourages it. Third, the type of food does not act as an influencing factor.展开更多
This research paper assesses the reality of Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)practices’potential to promote the outcomes of sustainable food systems(SFS)within Ghana’s smallholding agriculture context.The study demon-s...This research paper assesses the reality of Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)practices’potential to promote the outcomes of sustainable food systems(SFS)within Ghana’s smallholding agriculture context.The study demon-strates that rural farmers generally perceive CSA’s contribution to‘food and nutrition security’and‘economic performance’as more important than CSA’s contribution to‘social equity’and‘environmental stewardship’.From a narrow perspective,the study demonstrates that farmers perceive CSA’s potential to‘prevent pest and disease outbreaks’and‘increase human capital information’as the most important contribution of CSA to SFS outcomes.In contrast,CSA’s potential to promote environmental stewardship is perceived as the least important among Ghana’s rural farmers.This enormity of displacement of smallholders’perceptions at large is motivated by de-mographic,socioeconomic and ecological factors.Moreso,the CSA for SFS outcomes narratives is driven by farmers’self-apprise,social networks and other local information dissemination agents.Furthermore,research findings suggest farmers’awareness of CSA practices and interventions is deficient owing to unmet training and information needs for approximately 82%of the CSA practices and interventions.This situation elucidates the dichotomy of CSA practices’narratives as tools for attaining food,nutrition security and economic performance to the detriment of critical issues such as increasing awareness and building farmers’capacity to engage with CSA practices while also managing socio-ecological trade-offs that emerge over time due to engagement with CSA.Critical(re)orientation is needed across the scale to drive CSA practices and interventions that confine cli-mate adaptation and food production practices within safe planetary boundaries without undermining social,economic,food and nutrition security needs.展开更多
Emmer wheat cultivated by organic farmers is used as a component of some bio （organic） food products. Its positive influence on consumer health is caused by grain composition. With the aim of selecting varieties or ...Emmer wheat cultivated by organic farmers is used as a component of some bio （organic） food products. Its positive influence on consumer health is caused by grain composition. With the aim of selecting varieties or landraces for their possible further use we tested selected emmer wheat accessions maintained in the Czech Gene Bank. In the set of 8 emmer wheat accessions, the main grain components, bread making characteristics and contents of health supporting chemical substances such as total dietary fibre content and its components, content of total polyphenols plus catechin and ferulic acid contents, vitamins of the B group and E plus total content of carotenoids were evaluated by standard methods. Tests of bread making quality confirmed a very well known fact that emmer wheat grain is much more suitable for other purposes as whole grain mixtures, cereal pure, etc. than for bread preparation. The results indicate the possibilities to select emmer wheat genotypes differing in grain composition and containing compounds with positive effects on human health. Among the tested emmer wheat accessions the Rudico variety had a complex of positive characteristics such as content of total dietary fibre, total polyphenol content with prevailing catechin and the highest amount of B group vitamins such as B 1, B2, niacin, pantothenic acid and B6.展开更多
Oil bodies(OBs)are the lipid-storage organelle in oilseed,and their interface properties are crucial for oilseed processing.To elucidate the effect of interfacial proteins on the functional properties of high-oleic an...Oil bodies(OBs)are the lipid-storage organelle in oilseed,and their interface properties are crucial for oilseed processing.To elucidate the effect of interfacial proteins on the functional properties of high-oleic and normal peanut OBs,OBs were extracted using ultrasound-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction(AEE),and the effects of ultrasonic power(100–500 W)and extraction time(0–30 min)on the interface properties were investigated.These results indicate that the interfacial protein content and interface properties of OBs can be significantly affected by ultrasonic treatment.The interfacial protein content of high-oleic peanut OBs increased from 88.25%to 91.95%after ultrasonic treatment,which was 1.4 times that of normal peanuts OBs.The emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsion stability index(ESI)values of both peanut OBs increased with the increase in ultrasonic power and extraction time.These results suggest that the emulsification ability of OBs may be closely related to the interfacial protein content and therefore can be regulated by altering the interfacial protein content using ultrasonic treatment.However,the particle size of OBs tends to increase under low ultrasonic power(0–200 W)owing to the increase in the interfacial protein content and aggregation effects,whereas it decreases under high ultrasonic power(300 W–500 W)due to cavitation effects.This pattern of change in particle size was also confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy,which indicated that high ultrasonic power suppressed the contribution of the interfacial protein content to the particle size,but still improved the emulsification ability of the OBs by reducing the particle size and increasing the interfacial tension.Therefore,regulating the interfacial protein content of peanut OBs by adjusting ultrasonic power is a promising way to improve their functional properties.展开更多
Background:Inhalation exposure is the gold standard when assessing pulmonary tox-icity.However,it typically requires substantial amounts of test material.Intratracheal instillation is an alternative administration tec...Background:Inhalation exposure is the gold standard when assessing pulmonary tox-icity.However,it typically requires substantial amounts of test material.Intratracheal instillation is an alternative administration technique,where the test substance is suspended in a liquid vehicle and deposited into the lung via the trachea.Instillation requires minimal test material,delivers an exact dose deep into the lung,and is less labor-intensive than inhalation exposures.However,one shortcoming is that the pro-cedure may induce short-term inflammation.To minimize this,we tested different modifications of the technique to identify the potential for refinement.Methods:First,we tested whether previous findings of increased inflammation could be confirmed.Next,we tested whether instillation with a disposable 1 mL syringe with ball-tipped steel-needle(Disposable-syringe/steel-needle)induced less inflammation than the use of our standard set-up,a 250μL reusable glass syringe with a disposable plastic catheter(Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter).Finally,we tested if access to pelleted and liquid feed prior to instillation affected inflammation.We evaluated inflammation by neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar fluid 24 h post-exposure.Results:Vehicle-instilled mice showed a small increase in neutrophil numbers com-pared to untreated mice.Neutrophil numbers were slightly elevated in the groups in-stilled with Disposable-syringe/steel-needle;an interaction with feed type indicated that the increase in neutrophils was more pronounced in combination with feed pel-lets compared to liquid feed.We found no difference between the feed types when using the Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination.Conclusion:The Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination induced the least exposure-related inflammation,confirming this as a preferred instillation procedure.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formu...BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formulas frequently used to treat GI disorders in East Asia.AIM To compare the effects of these herbal formulas on GI motility and investigate their mechanisms of action using a cold stress(CS)-induced dyspepsia mouse model.METHODS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CS by immersion in cold water(10±1℃)while being restrained in conical tubes for 1 hour.This procedure was repeated six times over 2 weeks.Herbal formulas or mosapride(positive control)were administered orally five times per week over a 2-week period.RESULTS The pre-test results revealed that CS,rather than restraint stress,significantly delayed gut motility in mice.However,PS and ST notably improved gastric emptying and intestinal transit,surpassing YT.Additionally,PS and ST significantly reduced gastric potential of hydrogen and increased pepsin and lipase gene expression compared to CS.The observed mechanisms likely involved increased gastric acidity and enhanced levels of digestive enzymes,such as pepsin and lipase.Furthermore,PS administration elevated GI hormone levels and metabolites related to the gut microbiota(5-hydroxytryptamine and short-chain fatty acid)more effectively than ST and YT treatments.CONCLUSION PS more effectively alleviated CS-induced GI dysfunction than both YT and ST.These comparative findings offer valuable insights for clinical applications in the treatment of cold-related digestive disorders.展开更多
Anthracnose is a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which is one of themain causes of mango rotting and deterioration, so it is important to control anthracnose.The calendula essential oil is a v...Anthracnose is a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which is one of themain causes of mango rotting and deterioration, so it is important to control anthracnose.The calendula essential oil is a volatile constituent extracted from calendula officinalis,which has attracted attention from researchers worldwide because of its excellentantimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, studies on the antifungal mechanism ofcalendula essential oil and its active constituents against C. gloeosporioides have not beenreported. Therefore, this paper preliminarily evaluated the anti-C. gloeosporioides activity ofcalendula officinalis essential oil and its main active constituent geraniol. We found thatgeraniol induced a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst by modulating the expression of theNADPH oxidase subunit NoxR gene. Moreover, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) increased withincreasing geraniol concentration, which demonstrated that the pro-oxidant property ofgeraniol was one of the main reasons for its inhibition of C. gloeosporioides growth.Furthermore, we found that geraniol induced apoptosis in C. gloeosporioides in adose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results provide a new reference for futureexploration of the antifungal mechanism of geraniol against C. gloeosporioides.展开更多
Bacillus cereus is a significant pathogen responsible for toxin-induced foodborne diseases,and is widely distributed in the natural environment.B.cereus biofilm formation is regulated by multifactorial interactions,de...Bacillus cereus is a significant pathogen responsible for toxin-induced foodborne diseases,and is widely distributed in the natural environment.B.cereus biofilm formation is regulated by multifactorial interactions,demonstrating dynamic adaptability to environmental cues.In this study,crystal violet staining and MTT staining methods were employed to conduct an indepth investigation into the biofilm formation and metabolic activity changes of five strains of B.cereus in different culture media and with various culture conditions.Experimental data indicated that the composition of the culture medium,the length of incubation time,and the fluctuation of temperature all had a significant impact on the biofilm formation of B.cereus,and this impact exhibited obvious differences among different strains.This result provides a solid experimental basis for deeply elucidating the internal regulatory mechanism of B.cereus biofilm formation and the change principles of metabolic activity.展开更多
Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explici...Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explicitly conducted on the Texas Marker^(-1)(TM1)variety,potentially making its functional equations more aligned with this cultivar.To assess the model’s broader applicability,this study analyzed fiber quality data from 40 upland cotton cultivars,including TM1.The measured fiber quality from all cultivars was then compared with the modelsimulated fiber quality.Results Among the 40 upland cultivars,fiber strength varied from 28.4 cN·tex^(-1) to 34.6 cN·tex^(-1),fiber length ranged from 27.1 mm to 33.3 mm,micronaire value ranged from 2.7 to 4.6,and length uniformity index varied from 82.3%to 85.5%.The model simulated fiber quality closely matched the measured values for TM1,with the absolute percentage error(APE)being less than 0.92%for fiber strength,fiber length,and length uniformity index and 4.7%for micronaire.However,significant differences were observed for the other cultivars.The Pearson correlation coefficient(r)between the measured and simulated values was negative for all fiber quality traits,and Wilmotts’s index of agreement(WIA)was below 0.45,indicating a strong model bias toward TM1 without incorporating cultivar-specific parameters.After incorporating cultivar-specific parameters,the model’s performance improved significantly,with an average r-value of 0.84 and WIA of 0.88.Conclusions The adopted methodology and estimated cultivar-specific parameters improved the model’s simulation accuracy.This approach can be applied to newer cotton cultivars,enhancing the GOSSYM model’s utility and its applicability for agricultural management and policy decisions.展开更多
In this study,we utilized gene knockout and overexpression techniques to generate brewer's yeast strains with either a deletion or overexpression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase(POX1)gene.The strains studied include...In this study,we utilized gene knockout and overexpression techniques to generate brewer's yeast strains with either a deletion or overexpression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase(POX1)gene.The strains studied included the parental strain,the POX1 deletion strain,and the POX1 overexpression strain.These strains were exposed to iso-αacid from hops at a concentration of 300 mg/L,leading to the induction of a viable but nonculturable(VBNC)state.Our results indicated that the silencing of the POX1 gene rendered brewer's yeast cells unable to withstand the high concentration of iso-αacid stress,ultimately leading to cell death.Conversely,the overexpression of POX1 accelerated the transition of yeast cells into the VBNC state compared to the parental strain.Furthermore,we evaluated the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),catalase(CAT)activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,glutathione reductase(GR)activity,and the m RNA expression of genes that regulate these enzymes(the stress-inducible yeast Mpv17(SYM1)gene,CTA1,SOD1,and glutathione reductase(GLR1)gene)in brewer's yeast cells at three distinct stages:normal,short-term stress,and VBNC states.Based on these findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the VBNC state in brewer's yeast is associated with the response to oxidative stress.展开更多
Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the...Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the SD2(seed dormancy 2)region at the telomeric end of chromosome 5H.A doubledhaploid population(AC Metcalfe/Baudin)was used to characterize HvAO1 and validated its association with seed germination and malting quality.Aldehyde oxidase is predicted to catalyse the oxidation of various aldehydes,such as indoleacetaldehyde and abscisic aldehyde,into IAA and ABA,which is the final step of IAA/ABA biogenesis.This process influences the final IAA/ABA concentration in the seed,affecting the seed dormancy.Sequence analysis revealed substantial variations in the HvAO1 promoter regions between AC Metcalfe and Baudin.The combining seed germination tests,genetic variation analysis,gene expression,and phytohormone measurements showed that Baudin,which displays strong seed dormancy,has a specific sequence variation in the promoter region of the HvAO1 gene.This variation is associated with a higher expression level of the HvAO1 gene and an increased level of ABA than those in AC Metcalfe,which shows weak dormancy and lacks this sequence variation.In addition to its strong effect on the SD2 gene,HvAO1 shows excellent potential to fine-tune malting quality and seed dormancy,as evidenced by genotyping with HvAO1-specific markers,dormancy phenotypes,and malting quality.Our findings provide a new strategy for introducing favourable HvAO1 alleles to achieve the desired level of seed dormancy and high malting quality in barley.展开更多
High-throughput genotyping tools can effectively promote molecular breeding in crops.In this study,genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)system was utilized to develop a genome-wide liquid SNP chip for facilitating gen...High-throughput genotyping tools can effectively promote molecular breeding in crops.In this study,genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)system was utilized to develop a genome-wide liquid SNP chip for facilitating genetics and breeding in melon(Cucumis melo L.),a globally cultivated economically important horticultural crop.Based on over eight million SNPs derived from 823 representative melon accessions,16K,8K,4K,2K,1K,500,250 and 125 informative SNPs were screened and evaluated for their polymorphisms,conservation of flanking sequences,and distributions.The set of 2K SNPs was found to be optimal for representing the maximum diversity with the lowest number of SNPs,and it was selected to develop the liquid chip,named“Melon2K”.Using Melon2K,more than 1500 SNPs were detected across 17 samples of five melon cultivars,and the phylogenetic relationships were clearly constructed.Within the same cultivar,genetic differences were also assessed between different samples.We evaluated the performance of Melon2K in genetic background selection during the breeding process,obtaining the introgression lines of interested trait with more than 97%genetic background of elite variety by only two rounds of backcrossing.These results suggest that Melon2K provides a cost-effective,efficient and reliable platform for genetic analysis and molecular breeding in melon.展开更多
Global crop productivity faces a significant threat from climate change-induced drought stress(DS),which is vital for sustainable agriculture and global food security.Uncovering DS adaptation and tolerance mechanisms ...Global crop productivity faces a significant threat from climate change-induced drought stress(DS),which is vital for sustainable agriculture and global food security.Uncovering DS adaptation and tolerance mechanisms in crops is necessary to alleviate climate challenges.Innovative plant breeding demands revolutionary approaches to develop stress-smart plants.Metabolomics,a promising field in plant breeding,offers a predictive tool to identify metabolic markers associated with plant performance under DS,enabling accelerated crop improvement.Central to DS adaptation is metabolomics-driven metabolic regulation,which is critical for maintaining cell osmotic potential in crops.Recent innovations allow rapid mapping of specific metabolites to their genetic pathways,providing a valuable resource for plant scientists.Metabolomics-driven molecular breeding,integrating techniques such as mQTL and mGWAS,enhances our ability to discover key genetic elements linked to stress-responsive metabolites.This integration offers a beneficial platform for plant scientists,yielding significant insights into the complex metabolic networks underlying DS tolerance.Therefore,this review discusses(1)insights into metabolic regulation for DS adaptation,(2)the multifaceted role of metabolites in DS tolerance and nutritional/yield trait improvement,(3)the potential of single-cell metabolomics and imaging,(4)metabolomics-driven molecular breeding,and(5)the application of metabolic and genetic engineering for DS-tolerant crops.We finally propose that the metabolomics-driven approach positions drought-smart crops as key contributors to future food production,supporting the vital goal of achieving“zero hunger”.展开更多
Accurately estimating the wheat yield potential under climate changes is essential for assessing food production capacity. However, studies based on crop modeling and imperfect management experiment data frequently un...Accurately estimating the wheat yield potential under climate changes is essential for assessing food production capacity. However, studies based on crop modeling and imperfect management experiment data frequently underestimate the wheat yield potential. In this study, we evaluated wheat yield potential based on the CERES-Wheat model and a well-managed 10-year(2008–2017) field study in the North China Plain(NCP), and further identified the critical climate and management yield-limiting factors for improving wheat yield potential and closing the wheat yield gap. Our results revealed that wheat yield potential averaged 10.8 t ha–1in the recent decade. The low growing degree days(GDD) in the pre-winter growing season(592℃ d) and solar radiation in the whole growth season(3,036 MJ m–2) are the most critical climatic factors limiting wheat yield potential in the current production system. Nonetheless, wheat yield potential in the NCP is projected to decline during 2040–2059 by 1.8 and 5.1% under the representative concentration pathway(RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, without considering the elevated CO_(2) concentration. However, the positive influence of CO_(2) fertilization will be sufficient to offset these negative impacts from climatic warming and solar dimming, ultimately leading to an enhancement in wheat yield potential during 2040–2059 by 7.5 and 9.8% compared to the baseline under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. To improve the wheat yield potential, we recommend selecting an appropriate planting date(5 October) and planting density(400 plants m–2) that align with light and temperature conditions during the wheat growing season. In addition, optimizing the timing and rate of water application(three times, 270 mm) and fertilizer use(based on inseason root zone nitrogen management) is crucial for closing the wheat yield gap. This study underscores the importance of adopting multiple management practices that account for complex climate–crop–soil interconnections to enhance the wheat yield based on a long-term field experiment under the changing climate.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202191)and(32272279)the Key R&D Project of Shandong Province(2023CXPT007 and 2024CXPT014)the Key R&D Project of Qingdao Science and Technology Plan(24-2-3-4-zyyd-jch).
文摘Foodborne bacteria produce biofilms and their viable but non-culturable(VBNC)formation,can affect food quality and safety.Studies have shown that these characteristics are regulated by the bacterial quorum sensing(QS)system.Quenching the QS system of foodborne bacteria and blocking the expression of the corresponding genes may be an effective way to improve food quality and safety.Therefore,this article reviews the QS systems for foodborne bacteria,the regulatory mechanisms of QS systems in biofilm and VBNC formation and resuscitation,the research progress on quorum sensing inhibitors(QSIs)for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,and introduces QSIs from various sources.In addition,we have also summarized the current research issues on QS regulation of biofilms and VBNC formation.The systematic study of the QS phenomenon of foodborne bacteria in practical situations,the mechanism of bacterial QS cooperation-cheating,the screening of novel and highly active QSIs,the combination of QSIs and other technologies to improve their bioavailability,and the regulatory network between biofilm and VBNC formation and resuscitation are research directions that need to be paid attention to in the future.
文摘With the growing demands for food safety,quality,and environmental protection,active food packaging is playing an increasingly vital role in the food industry.Traditional food packaging primarily protects products and facilitates transportation.Active food packaging,however,not only fulfills these fundamental functions but also actively interacts with the food or its environment to extend shelf life and enhance food safety.From current research advancements and market applications,active food packaging demonstrates the following prominent development trends.
基金Funding for this research was provided by the Australia Grain Research and Development Corporation(9176507)the Western Crop Genetics Alliance.Jingye Cheng thanks The University of Tasmania,Australia for the scholarship(495802)。
文摘Improved yield potential is the goal of barley domestication and cultivation.During this process,two-and six-rowed barley types emerged and have been utilised in breeding and production.The six-rowed type could produce three times as many grains as its ancestral two-rowed forms,thus dominating barley cultivation for thousands of years.The deficiens form of the two-rowed type,characterised by extremely suppressed lateral spikelets,has gained dominance over the past few decades in barley-growing regions worldwide.We hypothesised that the absence of lateral spikelets in deficiens barley affects spike architecture and spike-related traits,contributing to its superior yield potential of deficiens barley cultivation.Currently,a deficiens barley variety,RGT Planet,is the most popular barley variety in the world.In this study,we used two F_(2) populations derived from crossing RGT Planet with two canonical two-rowed barley and identified the functional allele Vrs1.t1 associated with deficiens morphology.We observed that the Vrs1.t1 allele may contribute to high yield potential by optimising spike architecture through increased spikelet length,grain number,and grain size.Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the deficiens mutation was likely present from the early stages of barley cultivation in the Fertile Crescent and spread to Ethiopia and beyond with agricultural expansion.We conclude that the ancient deficiens allele Vrs1.t1 has been a critical driver for the recent success of modern barley improvement by optimising spike architecture.
文摘Floor drains in processing environments harbor Listeria spp. due to continuous presence of humidity and organic substrates. Cleaning and washing activities in food-processing facilities can translocate the bacterial cells from the drain to the surrounding environment, thus contaminating food products still in production. This study evaluated the potential for translocation of Listeria monocytogenes from drains to food contact surfaces in the surrounding environment using Listeria innocua as a surrogate. A 7 × 7 × 8-foot polycarbonate flexi-glass chamber with a 10-inch-diameter drain mounted on an aluminum cabinet was used. Stainless steel coupons (6.4 × 1.9 × 0.1 cm, 12 per height) were hung at 1, 3, and 5 feet inside the chamber. Four treatment sets;non-inoculated, non-treated;non-inoculated, treated;inoculated, treated;inoculated non-treated;and two subtreatments of 8 h and 48 h were performed. For the inoculated sets, meat slurry (10 gof ground beef in 900 mL water) and a four-strain cocktail of Listeria innocua at 7 - 8 log CFU/mL were used. For the treated sets, in addition, a commercial cleaner and sanitizer was applied. The drain was cleaned using a pressure hose (40 - 50 psi) after 8 h and 48 h. Coupons were then removed and enriched in listeria enrichment broth to establish if any cell translocated from the drain onto the stainless steel coupons via aerosols generated during washing. Confirmation was done using VIP Listeria rapid test kits. Results indicated translocation at all three heights ranging from 2% - 25%. Significantly higher translocation (p Listeria spp. from drains to food contact surfaces does occur and increases with increased proximity to the drain.
文摘In order to screen the antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed indigenous foods of tropical region, vegetables, fruits, tea, oil seeds, legumes, spices and cereal were analyzed. Among the vegetables, green chili showed the highest total oxygen radical absorbance capacity （ORACFL） and lipophilic ORAC （L-ORACFL）; whereas, bean showed highest hydrophilic ORAC （H-ORACFL） content. The H-ORACFL of vegetable samples varied between 2.26 to 23.08 ~tmol of Trolox equivalent （TE）/g of fresh weight （FW） and L-ORACFL content widely varied from 0.20 （sweet pumpkin） to 16.95 （green chili）. The range of H-ORACFL values of fruits showed large variation （0.45-178 Ixmol of TE/g FW）. All four different types of tea showed high H-ORACFL （1,295.84-2,709.11 lamol of TE/g）, in contrast to negligible amount of L-ORACFL. In legumes, H-ORACFL content ranged from 16.22 to 140.54; whereas, L-ORACFL ranged from 4.43 to 25.78. Porso millets showed higher L-ORACFL value （19.4） as compared to H-ORACFL （0.8）. In case of spices, L-ORACFL content varied from 29.75 ± 0.00 to 1,575.24 ± 39.63, which is considerably higher as compared to H-ORACFL （61.68 ± 1.71 to 272.82± 1.05） content. Comparatively, spices showed much higher H-ORACFL values as compared to fruits analyzed. In case of selective vegetables, fruits and tea samples, the total phenol content was highly correlated with the H-ORACFL content.
文摘In recent years, research on biopolymer based-coating containing natural antimicrobial agents is developing significantly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of six formulations containing pre-selected natural antimicrobial compounds against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O 157：H7, Salmonella typhimurium, the total bacteria and total yeasts and molds in cauliflower. Each formulation was subjected to a sensory test in parallel to microbiological analysis and the efficiency during storage at 5 ℃ was evaluated for the two best formulations, based on their ability to eliminate the target microorganisms. Both formulations were able to reduce all pathogens and total flora below detectable levels after 24 h of storage at 5 ℃. Using washing or spraying treatments, the two formulations were able to reduce Listeria to undetectable levels for 3 d. This efficiency was extended to 7 d when the formulations were incorporated into an edible coating. Washing treatment with the two formulations was also able to limit the growth of yeast and molds at levels lower than 2 log, for more than 7 d. The population of E. coli was reduced to below the detection limit during 14 d of storage, after washing treatment with the two formulations. The spraying treatment of cauliflower with the formulations allowed the use of very small amounts of antimicrobials while maintaining a fairly good efficiency, greatly reducing the potential costs of implementing this method in the industry. Future research may focus on development of nanoemulsion of antimicrobial formulations based on the developed antimicrobial formulations in this study to improve the better coating efficiency.
文摘We investigated an interaction effect between lighting color and food color that stimulates or discourages one＇s appetite. Facilitated by the LED （light-emitting diode） as an additional chromatic lighting source, observers selected the best and worst lighting colors by themselves using a ＂Mini Living Colors （PhilipsTM）＂ in the preliminary test （N = 30） and then color picker software in the main experiment （N = 30）. Food stimuli were composed of two aspects, type--natural or processed--and complexity--low or high, and consequently they were grouped into four categories. We measured the selected lighting color in terms of chromaticity and illumination level, and analyzed the best and worst combinations based on these measurements. Throughout the two empirical studies, we found three tendencies： First, except for the white, yellow lighting stimulates while red and blue discourages one＇s appetite. Second, when color categories of lighting and food are similar to each other, it stimulates the appetite whereas complementary, it discourages it. Third, the type of food does not act as an influencing factor.
基金PTQ receives funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund(Grant No.499077)and the Canada Research Chairs Program.
文摘This research paper assesses the reality of Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)practices’potential to promote the outcomes of sustainable food systems(SFS)within Ghana’s smallholding agriculture context.The study demon-strates that rural farmers generally perceive CSA’s contribution to‘food and nutrition security’and‘economic performance’as more important than CSA’s contribution to‘social equity’and‘environmental stewardship’.From a narrow perspective,the study demonstrates that farmers perceive CSA’s potential to‘prevent pest and disease outbreaks’and‘increase human capital information’as the most important contribution of CSA to SFS outcomes.In contrast,CSA’s potential to promote environmental stewardship is perceived as the least important among Ghana’s rural farmers.This enormity of displacement of smallholders’perceptions at large is motivated by de-mographic,socioeconomic and ecological factors.Moreso,the CSA for SFS outcomes narratives is driven by farmers’self-apprise,social networks and other local information dissemination agents.Furthermore,research findings suggest farmers’awareness of CSA practices and interventions is deficient owing to unmet training and information needs for approximately 82%of the CSA practices and interventions.This situation elucidates the dichotomy of CSA practices’narratives as tools for attaining food,nutrition security and economic performance to the detriment of critical issues such as increasing awareness and building farmers’capacity to engage with CSA practices while also managing socio-ecological trade-offs that emerge over time due to engagement with CSA.Critical(re)orientation is needed across the scale to drive CSA practices and interventions that confine cli-mate adaptation and food production practices within safe planetary boundaries without undermining social,economic,food and nutrition security needs.
文摘Emmer wheat cultivated by organic farmers is used as a component of some bio （organic） food products. Its positive influence on consumer health is caused by grain composition. With the aim of selecting varieties or landraces for their possible further use we tested selected emmer wheat accessions maintained in the Czech Gene Bank. In the set of 8 emmer wheat accessions, the main grain components, bread making characteristics and contents of health supporting chemical substances such as total dietary fibre content and its components, content of total polyphenols plus catechin and ferulic acid contents, vitamins of the B group and E plus total content of carotenoids were evaluated by standard methods. Tests of bread making quality confirmed a very well known fact that emmer wheat grain is much more suitable for other purposes as whole grain mixtures, cereal pure, etc. than for bread preparation. The results indicate the possibilities to select emmer wheat genotypes differing in grain composition and containing compounds with positive effects on human health. Among the tested emmer wheat accessions the Rudico variety had a complex of positive characteristics such as content of total dietary fibre, total polyphenol content with prevailing catechin and the highest amount of B group vitamins such as B 1, B2, niacin, pantothenic acid and B6.
基金supported Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2023CXGC010707)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2022MC172 and ZR2024MC114)+1 种基金Shandong Province Rural Revitalization Science and Technology Innovation Enhancement Action Plan(Grant No.2023TZXD043 and 2023TZXD069)Scientific Research Foundation for High-Level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University(663/1120085 and 663/1120084).
文摘Oil bodies(OBs)are the lipid-storage organelle in oilseed,and their interface properties are crucial for oilseed processing.To elucidate the effect of interfacial proteins on the functional properties of high-oleic and normal peanut OBs,OBs were extracted using ultrasound-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction(AEE),and the effects of ultrasonic power(100–500 W)and extraction time(0–30 min)on the interface properties were investigated.These results indicate that the interfacial protein content and interface properties of OBs can be significantly affected by ultrasonic treatment.The interfacial protein content of high-oleic peanut OBs increased from 88.25%to 91.95%after ultrasonic treatment,which was 1.4 times that of normal peanuts OBs.The emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsion stability index(ESI)values of both peanut OBs increased with the increase in ultrasonic power and extraction time.These results suggest that the emulsification ability of OBs may be closely related to the interfacial protein content and therefore can be regulated by altering the interfacial protein content using ultrasonic treatment.However,the particle size of OBs tends to increase under low ultrasonic power(0–200 W)owing to the increase in the interfacial protein content and aggregation effects,whereas it decreases under high ultrasonic power(300 W–500 W)due to cavitation effects.This pattern of change in particle size was also confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy,which indicated that high ultrasonic power suppressed the contribution of the interfacial protein content to the particle size,but still improved the emulsification ability of the OBs by reducing the particle size and increasing the interfacial tension.Therefore,regulating the interfacial protein content of peanut OBs by adjusting ultrasonic power is a promising way to improve their functional properties.
基金This work was supported by the Focused Research Effort on Chemicals in the Working Environment(FFIKA)from the Danish Government.
文摘Background:Inhalation exposure is the gold standard when assessing pulmonary tox-icity.However,it typically requires substantial amounts of test material.Intratracheal instillation is an alternative administration technique,where the test substance is suspended in a liquid vehicle and deposited into the lung via the trachea.Instillation requires minimal test material,delivers an exact dose deep into the lung,and is less labor-intensive than inhalation exposures.However,one shortcoming is that the pro-cedure may induce short-term inflammation.To minimize this,we tested different modifications of the technique to identify the potential for refinement.Methods:First,we tested whether previous findings of increased inflammation could be confirmed.Next,we tested whether instillation with a disposable 1 mL syringe with ball-tipped steel-needle(Disposable-syringe/steel-needle)induced less inflammation than the use of our standard set-up,a 250μL reusable glass syringe with a disposable plastic catheter(Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter).Finally,we tested if access to pelleted and liquid feed prior to instillation affected inflammation.We evaluated inflammation by neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar fluid 24 h post-exposure.Results:Vehicle-instilled mice showed a small increase in neutrophil numbers com-pared to untreated mice.Neutrophil numbers were slightly elevated in the groups in-stilled with Disposable-syringe/steel-needle;an interaction with feed type indicated that the increase in neutrophils was more pronounced in combination with feed pel-lets compared to liquid feed.We found no difference between the feed types when using the Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination.Conclusion:The Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination induced the least exposure-related inflammation,confirming this as a preferred instillation procedure.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea,No.2022M3A9E4017033。
文摘BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formulas frequently used to treat GI disorders in East Asia.AIM To compare the effects of these herbal formulas on GI motility and investigate their mechanisms of action using a cold stress(CS)-induced dyspepsia mouse model.METHODS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CS by immersion in cold water(10±1℃)while being restrained in conical tubes for 1 hour.This procedure was repeated six times over 2 weeks.Herbal formulas or mosapride(positive control)were administered orally five times per week over a 2-week period.RESULTS The pre-test results revealed that CS,rather than restraint stress,significantly delayed gut motility in mice.However,PS and ST notably improved gastric emptying and intestinal transit,surpassing YT.Additionally,PS and ST significantly reduced gastric potential of hydrogen and increased pepsin and lipase gene expression compared to CS.The observed mechanisms likely involved increased gastric acidity and enhanced levels of digestive enzymes,such as pepsin and lipase.Furthermore,PS administration elevated GI hormone levels and metabolites related to the gut microbiota(5-hydroxytryptamine and short-chain fatty acid)more effectively than ST and YT treatments.CONCLUSION PS more effectively alleviated CS-induced GI dysfunction than both YT and ST.These comparative findings offer valuable insights for clinical applications in the treatment of cold-related digestive disorders.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202192)The special fund for Taishan Scholars project(tsqn202211195).
文摘Anthracnose is a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which is one of themain causes of mango rotting and deterioration, so it is important to control anthracnose.The calendula essential oil is a volatile constituent extracted from calendula officinalis,which has attracted attention from researchers worldwide because of its excellentantimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, studies on the antifungal mechanism ofcalendula essential oil and its active constituents against C. gloeosporioides have not beenreported. Therefore, this paper preliminarily evaluated the anti-C. gloeosporioides activity ofcalendula officinalis essential oil and its main active constituent geraniol. We found thatgeraniol induced a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst by modulating the expression of theNADPH oxidase subunit NoxR gene. Moreover, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) increased withincreasing geraniol concentration, which demonstrated that the pro-oxidant property ofgeraniol was one of the main reasons for its inhibition of C. gloeosporioides growth.Furthermore, we found that geraniol induced apoptosis in C. gloeosporioides in adose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results provide a new reference for futureexploration of the antifungal mechanism of geraniol against C. gloeosporioides.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(No.2022YFD1301003)the Shandong Modern Agricultural Technology and Industry System(No.SDAIT-11-11)+4 种基金the Marine Science and Technology Innovation Project of Qingdao(No.24-1-3-hygg-25-hy)the Cooperative Scientific Research Project‘Chunhui Plan’of the Ministry of Education of PRC(No.HZKY 20220481)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing&Safety Control(No.SKL202408)the Shandong Province Grant for Distin-guished Young Scholars(No.ZR2022JQ15)the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202103094)。
文摘Bacillus cereus is a significant pathogen responsible for toxin-induced foodborne diseases,and is widely distributed in the natural environment.B.cereus biofilm formation is regulated by multifactorial interactions,demonstrating dynamic adaptability to environmental cues.In this study,crystal violet staining and MTT staining methods were employed to conduct an indepth investigation into the biofilm formation and metabolic activity changes of five strains of B.cereus in different culture media and with various culture conditions.Experimental data indicated that the composition of the culture medium,the length of incubation time,and the fluctuation of temperature all had a significant impact on the biofilm formation of B.cereus,and this impact exhibited obvious differences among different strains.This result provides a solid experimental basis for deeply elucidating the internal regulatory mechanism of B.cereus biofilm formation and the change principles of metabolic activity.
基金supported by United States Department of Agriculture,Agricultural Research Service(No.58-8042-9-072)United States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture(No.2019-34263-30552)+1 种基金Management Information System(No.043050)United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement(No.58-6066-2-030).
文摘Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explicitly conducted on the Texas Marker^(-1)(TM1)variety,potentially making its functional equations more aligned with this cultivar.To assess the model’s broader applicability,this study analyzed fiber quality data from 40 upland cotton cultivars,including TM1.The measured fiber quality from all cultivars was then compared with the modelsimulated fiber quality.Results Among the 40 upland cultivars,fiber strength varied from 28.4 cN·tex^(-1) to 34.6 cN·tex^(-1),fiber length ranged from 27.1 mm to 33.3 mm,micronaire value ranged from 2.7 to 4.6,and length uniformity index varied from 82.3%to 85.5%.The model simulated fiber quality closely matched the measured values for TM1,with the absolute percentage error(APE)being less than 0.92%for fiber strength,fiber length,and length uniformity index and 4.7%for micronaire.However,significant differences were observed for the other cultivars.The Pearson correlation coefficient(r)between the measured and simulated values was negative for all fiber quality traits,and Wilmotts’s index of agreement(WIA)was below 0.45,indicating a strong model bias toward TM1 without incorporating cultivar-specific parameters.After incorporating cultivar-specific parameters,the model’s performance improved significantly,with an average r-value of 0.84 and WIA of 0.88.Conclusions The adopted methodology and estimated cultivar-specific parameters improved the model’s simulation accuracy.This approach can be applied to newer cotton cultivars,enhancing the GOSSYM model’s utility and its applicability for agricultural management and policy decisions.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272279)the Key R&D project of Shandong Province(2023CXPT007)the Key R&D project of Qingdao Science and Technology Plan(22-3-3-hygg-29-hy)。
文摘In this study,we utilized gene knockout and overexpression techniques to generate brewer's yeast strains with either a deletion or overexpression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase(POX1)gene.The strains studied included the parental strain,the POX1 deletion strain,and the POX1 overexpression strain.These strains were exposed to iso-αacid from hops at a concentration of 300 mg/L,leading to the induction of a viable but nonculturable(VBNC)state.Our results indicated that the silencing of the POX1 gene rendered brewer's yeast cells unable to withstand the high concentration of iso-αacid stress,ultimately leading to cell death.Conversely,the overexpression of POX1 accelerated the transition of yeast cells into the VBNC state compared to the parental strain.Furthermore,we evaluated the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),catalase(CAT)activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,glutathione reductase(GR)activity,and the m RNA expression of genes that regulate these enzymes(the stress-inducible yeast Mpv17(SYM1)gene,CTA1,SOD1,and glutathione reductase(GLR1)gene)in brewer's yeast cells at three distinct stages:normal,short-term stress,and VBNC states.Based on these findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the VBNC state in brewer's yeast is associated with the response to oxidative stress.
基金supported by the Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education(KFT202302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372052).
文摘Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the SD2(seed dormancy 2)region at the telomeric end of chromosome 5H.A doubledhaploid population(AC Metcalfe/Baudin)was used to characterize HvAO1 and validated its association with seed germination and malting quality.Aldehyde oxidase is predicted to catalyse the oxidation of various aldehydes,such as indoleacetaldehyde and abscisic aldehyde,into IAA and ABA,which is the final step of IAA/ABA biogenesis.This process influences the final IAA/ABA concentration in the seed,affecting the seed dormancy.Sequence analysis revealed substantial variations in the HvAO1 promoter regions between AC Metcalfe and Baudin.The combining seed germination tests,genetic variation analysis,gene expression,and phytohormone measurements showed that Baudin,which displays strong seed dormancy,has a specific sequence variation in the promoter region of the HvAO1 gene.This variation is associated with a higher expression level of the HvAO1 gene and an increased level of ABA than those in AC Metcalfe,which shows weak dormancy and lacks this sequence variation.In addition to its strong effect on the SD2 gene,HvAO1 shows excellent potential to fine-tune malting quality and seed dormancy,as evidenced by genotyping with HvAO1-specific markers,dormancy phenotypes,and malting quality.Our findings provide a new strategy for introducing favourable HvAO1 alleles to achieve the desired level of seed dormancy and high malting quality in barley.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32102383,32225044 and 32130093)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021QC075)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Foundation of the People's Government of Shandong Province(Grant No.ts20190947)the Qingdao Agricultural University Doctoral Start-Up Fund。
文摘High-throughput genotyping tools can effectively promote molecular breeding in crops.In this study,genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)system was utilized to develop a genome-wide liquid SNP chip for facilitating genetics and breeding in melon(Cucumis melo L.),a globally cultivated economically important horticultural crop.Based on over eight million SNPs derived from 823 representative melon accessions,16K,8K,4K,2K,1K,500,250 and 125 informative SNPs were screened and evaluated for their polymorphisms,conservation of flanking sequences,and distributions.The set of 2K SNPs was found to be optimal for representing the maximum diversity with the lowest number of SNPs,and it was selected to develop the liquid chip,named“Melon2K”.Using Melon2K,more than 1500 SNPs were detected across 17 samples of five melon cultivars,and the phylogenetic relationships were clearly constructed.Within the same cultivar,genetic differences were also assessed between different samples.We evaluated the performance of Melon2K in genetic background selection during the breeding process,obtaining the introgression lines of interested trait with more than 97%genetic background of elite variety by only two rounds of backcrossing.These results suggest that Melon2K provides a cost-effective,efficient and reliable platform for genetic analysis and molecular breeding in melon.
基金supported by Chinese National Key R&DProject for Synthetic Biology(2018YFA0902500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32273118)+3 种基金The Guangdong Key R&D Project(2022B1111070005)Shenzhen Special Fund for Sustainable Development(KCXFZ20211020164013021)Shenzhen University 2035 Program for Excellent Research(2022B010)supported by a startup grant from the Food Futures Institute of Murdoch University,Australia.
文摘Global crop productivity faces a significant threat from climate change-induced drought stress(DS),which is vital for sustainable agriculture and global food security.Uncovering DS adaptation and tolerance mechanisms in crops is necessary to alleviate climate challenges.Innovative plant breeding demands revolutionary approaches to develop stress-smart plants.Metabolomics,a promising field in plant breeding,offers a predictive tool to identify metabolic markers associated with plant performance under DS,enabling accelerated crop improvement.Central to DS adaptation is metabolomics-driven metabolic regulation,which is critical for maintaining cell osmotic potential in crops.Recent innovations allow rapid mapping of specific metabolites to their genetic pathways,providing a valuable resource for plant scientists.Metabolomics-driven molecular breeding,integrating techniques such as mQTL and mGWAS,enhances our ability to discover key genetic elements linked to stress-responsive metabolites.This integration offers a beneficial platform for plant scientists,yielding significant insights into the complex metabolic networks underlying DS tolerance.Therefore,this review discusses(1)insights into metabolic regulation for DS adaptation,(2)the multifaceted role of metabolites in DS tolerance and nutritional/yield trait improvement,(3)the potential of single-cell metabolomics and imaging,(4)metabolomics-driven molecular breeding,and(5)the application of metabolic and genetic engineering for DS-tolerant crops.We finally propose that the metabolomics-driven approach positions drought-smart crops as key contributors to future food production,supporting the vital goal of achieving“zero hunger”.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD2302801)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JBYW-AII-2024-38)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesChina Scholarship Council。
文摘Accurately estimating the wheat yield potential under climate changes is essential for assessing food production capacity. However, studies based on crop modeling and imperfect management experiment data frequently underestimate the wheat yield potential. In this study, we evaluated wheat yield potential based on the CERES-Wheat model and a well-managed 10-year(2008–2017) field study in the North China Plain(NCP), and further identified the critical climate and management yield-limiting factors for improving wheat yield potential and closing the wheat yield gap. Our results revealed that wheat yield potential averaged 10.8 t ha–1in the recent decade. The low growing degree days(GDD) in the pre-winter growing season(592℃ d) and solar radiation in the whole growth season(3,036 MJ m–2) are the most critical climatic factors limiting wheat yield potential in the current production system. Nonetheless, wheat yield potential in the NCP is projected to decline during 2040–2059 by 1.8 and 5.1% under the representative concentration pathway(RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, without considering the elevated CO_(2) concentration. However, the positive influence of CO_(2) fertilization will be sufficient to offset these negative impacts from climatic warming and solar dimming, ultimately leading to an enhancement in wheat yield potential during 2040–2059 by 7.5 and 9.8% compared to the baseline under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. To improve the wheat yield potential, we recommend selecting an appropriate planting date(5 October) and planting density(400 plants m–2) that align with light and temperature conditions during the wheat growing season. In addition, optimizing the timing and rate of water application(three times, 270 mm) and fertilizer use(based on inseason root zone nitrogen management) is crucial for closing the wheat yield gap. This study underscores the importance of adopting multiple management practices that account for complex climate–crop–soil interconnections to enhance the wheat yield based on a long-term field experiment under the changing climate.
