The extensive use of polymeric materials in single-use packaging has driven the need to develop biodegradable alternatives.This study investigates the incorporation of graphene oxide(GO)and Moringa oleifera seed oil(M...The extensive use of polymeric materials in single-use packaging has driven the need to develop biodegradable alternatives.This study investigates the incorporation of graphene oxide(GO)and Moringa oleifera seed oil(MOSO)into a gelatin matrix to create polymer films and evaluate their potential as active packaging materials.The properties of these films were evaluated using structural,thermal,mechanical,optical,and physicochemical methods to determine their suitability for food packaging applications.The results showed that GO and MOSO were homogeneously dispersed in the gelatin matrix,forming colloidal particles(around 5μm in diameter).The addition of GO increased opacity by approximately 20 times the base value while MOSO affected light transmittance without impacting opacity.Mechanical properties were affected differently,GO acted as a crosslinking agent reducing elongation and increasing tensile strength at break,on the other hand MOSO acted as a plasticizer,making films more plastic increasing elongation a 30%.These effects counteracted each other,and similar behavior was recorded in differential scanning calorimetry.The films exhibited an improved water vapor resistance,which is crucial for food packaging.These findings indicate that the incorporation of GO and MOSO into a gelatin matrix may produce biodegradable polymer films with enhanced properties,suitable for active packaging in the food industry.展开更多
Crop genetic improvements catalysed population growth,which in turn has increased the pressure for food security.We need to produce 70%more food to meet the demands of 9.5 billion people by 2050.Climate changes have p...Crop genetic improvements catalysed population growth,which in turn has increased the pressure for food security.We need to produce 70%more food to meet the demands of 9.5 billion people by 2050.Climate changes have posed challenges for global food supply,while the narrow genetic base of elite crop cultivars has further limited our capacity to increase genetic gain through conventional breeding.The effective utilization of genetic resources in germplasm collections for crop improvement is crucial to increasing genetic gain to address challenges in the global food supply.Genomic selection(GS)uses genome-wide markers and phenotype information from observed populations to establish associations,followed by genome-wide markers to predict phenotypic values in test populations.Characterizing an extensive germplasm collection can serve a dual purpose in GS,as a reference population for predicting model,and mining desirable genetic variants for incorporation into elite cultivars.New technologies,such as high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping,machine learning,and gene editing,have great potential to contribute to genomeassisted breeding.Breeding programmes integrating germplasm characterization,GS and emerging technologies offer promise for accelerating the development of cultivars with improved yield and enhanced resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.Finally,scientifically informed regulations on new breeding technologies,and increased sharing of genetic resources,genomic data,and bioinformatics expertise between developed and developing economies will be the key to meeting the challenges of the rapidly changing climate and increased demand for food.展开更多
The present explanatory study was carried out to investigate the relation between diabetes mellitus and food balance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2005-2010, using published data. This study was conducted to i...The present explanatory study was carried out to investigate the relation between diabetes mellitus and food balance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2005-2010, using published data. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between food balance and diabetes mellitus, using published data on food balances in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2005-2007, published by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2012 and Medical Technical papers and Scientific Reports published on Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia in an explanatory study. Food balance was calculated per capita and then its level of change was compared with changing of diabetes mellitus in the country. Results illustrated that Saudi citizen daily protein consumption （DPC） during 2005-2007 （g/capita/day） is higher than the average global consumption level of protein with 15.27%, daily fat consumption （DFC） with 24.56% and daily energy consumption （DEC） with 16.93% and increases than recommended level by International Nutrition Organizations （INO） with 56% for protein, 60.49% for fat and 27.37% for energy. On the other hand, DPC per capita in Saudi Arabia decreased during the period 2008-2010 from 88.3 g/day to 82.36 g/day. Moreover, DFC per capita in Saudi Arabia decreased during the period 2008-2010 from 3,247.90 Cal/capita/day to 3,176.43 Cal/capita/day, and daily energy consumption （DEC） of Saudi citizen increases than world consumption with 16.93%, while increases with 27.37% than INO. Despite this, DPC, DFC and DEC per capita in Saudi Arabia were still higher than world mean. On the other side, results illustrated that the number of diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia during the same period （2005-2010）. The curve of diabetic patient＇s number in Saudi Arabia during 2005-2010 is regular ascending with increasing level ranged between 7.10% in 2005 and 12.44% in 2010. It is essential to devise Saudi National Programme to educate the public about the relation of food balances and diabetes, so it could be avoided, and provide citizens with healthy dietary balances tables.展开更多
The objective of this work was to estimate the antioxidant potential of the extracts from pink shrimp residue and red grape pomaces (Merlot and Syrah varietals), evaluated according to its antioxidant activity with di...The objective of this work was to estimate the antioxidant potential of the extracts from pink shrimp residue and red grape pomaces (Merlot and Syrah varietals), evaluated according to its antioxidant activity with different analytical methods, associating these properties with the chemical composition of the extract and, as a consequence, with the extraction procedure. The shrimp residue was pre-treated combining cooking, drying, and milling, whereas the grape pomaces were dried and ground. The shrimp residue extracts were obtained by Soxhlet (SOX) and by maceration using hexane (Hx), hexane: isopropanol (50:50) (Hx:IPA), isopropanol, ethanol (EtOH) and acetone as solvents;by ultrasonic maceration (UME) with EtOH;by cold and hot oil extraction with soy and sunflower oils;and by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) with pure CO2 (100 -?300 bar;313.15 -?333.15 K) and with co-solvent (Hx: IPA and sunflower oil at 2%). The grape pomaces extracts were obtained by SOX using EtOH, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and Hx;UME with water (H2O), EtOH, EtOAc and Hx;and by SFE performed with pure CO2 (150 -?300 bar;323.15 -?333.15 K) and with cosolvent (EtOH at 15%). The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging procedure and by the β-carotene bleaching method. Higher antioxidant activities in shrimp residue extracts were observed by the β-carotene bleaching method in alcoholic and cetonic extracts, among the low pressure extraction methods, while for the SFE, the higher activities were achieved by the extracts obtained at elevated pressures. For the grape pomaces extracts, the best results were obtained by the DPPH method from the low pressure extractions proceeded with EtOH. The SFE with Merlot pomace at 323.15 K/150 bar (the lowest temperature and pressures tested) presented the best antioxidant activity by the β-carotene bleaching.展开更多
To understand how baking processes influence starch quality, twelve samples of cereal foods products have been studied. Damaged starch determined by a-amylase hydrolysis to characterize and quantify the molecular comp...To understand how baking processes influence starch quality, twelve samples of cereal foods products have been studied. Damaged starch determined by a-amylase hydrolysis to characterize and quantify the molecular composition of cereal foods starches treated with different conditions during processing that had been physically damaged to different extents, by preparation and processing provide the physicochemical data to understand more fully the effects of mechanical damage on amylase, amylopectin content and differential scanning calorimetric （DSC） for selected cereal foods products. There were significant difference between treatments in term of damaged starch content of cereal foods flours which were 0.64% to 36.40%, while the DSC results for the starches were the gelatinisation onset （To）, peak temperature （Tp） and conclusion temperature （To）, and temperatures of selected food starches ranged from 34.86 ℃ to 75.20 ℃, 54.04 ℃ to 85.94 ℃, and 63.5 ℃ to 95.16 ℃. There were significant differences between all cereal foods starches in term of amylose and its contents ranged from 70.3% to 87% and also there were significant differences between the amylopectin content of cereal foods flours ranged from 13.3% to 29.6%.展开更多
Cereal grains can contribute to maintain health and prevent chronic diseases by supplying biologically active components. The exact mechanism of action of these components is not completely understood,but extensive ev...Cereal grains can contribute to maintain health and prevent chronic diseases by supplying biologically active components. The exact mechanism of action of these components is not completely understood,but extensive evidence suggests the antioxidants that are present in the grains are the likely source of benefits. These activities or properties might protect against coronary heart disease and diabetes. The relationships of complex carbohydrates,whole grain products and the prevention of diseases,including type2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease continue to challenge the scientific community. Though cereal grains contribute to a healthy diet there are some people that can not tolerate the proteins present in the grain. This can lead to food allergies and when severe can be diagnosed as celiac disease.展开更多
Food safety,specifically in restaurants,is becoming a key public health priority because of the increased number of meals eaten outside the home.Foodborne illness prevention thus is a significant concern and a public ...Food safety,specifically in restaurants,is becoming a key public health priority because of the increased number of meals eaten outside the home.Foodborne illness prevention thus is a significant concern and a public health priority in the United Arab Emirates,particularly Dubai,because of the extensive tourism industry.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using demonstrations in training sessions to improve food safety knowledge and practices amongst food handlers.A descriptive and quantitative approach has been applied to collect the quantifiable information related to the research study.This has been further analyzed using the correlation tests to gather the required data.On comparison of the pre-test scores between the intervention and the control group,the t-test analysis showed significant difference in the level of food safety knowledge between the two groups.Pre-test score for the control group was 78.33 and post-test score was 104.66.In the case of the intervention group,pre-test score was 91.37 and post-test score was 130.75.The scores of food handlers’food safety practice for control group:pre-treatment score was 470 and post-treatment score was 646.For intervention group:pre-test score was 723 and post-test score was 1,056.The study concluded that training with demonstration techniques is an effective way of improving compliance with food safety guidelines.It has been understood that training helps in improving the performance of the employees while reducing the foodborne diseases and maintaining hygiene in the food.The study recommends every restaurant needs to provide regular trainings to the employees so that the restaurants can maintain hygiene and food safety practices.展开更多
This study aimed to determine the antibiotic and bacteriocin sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from animal derived foods. With disc diffusion assay, all fourteen L. monocytogenes strains were susc...This study aimed to determine the antibiotic and bacteriocin sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from animal derived foods. With disc diffusion assay, all fourteen L. monocytogenes strains were suscepti-ble to the antibiotics, including penicillin G, vancomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, erythromycin, gentamicin and trime- thoprim. However, the percentages of fosfomycin and streptomycin resistances were 92.9% and 7.1%, respectively. Multiple resistances were not observed among the tested strains. The results of well diffusion assays showed that all strains were inhibited by the cell-free supernatant of a bacteriocin-producing strain, Pediococcus acidilactici 13, with the inhibition zones ranging from 16.00 to 24.50 mm. These results provide useful information on antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from foods, and can potentially be used to develop bacteriocin-based interventions to guard against the hazards associated with L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products.展开更多
The food and nutrition situation in Burkina Faso, like most developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, is marked by growing food vulnerability. The majority of local dishes are being abandoned in favor of a minority ...The food and nutrition situation in Burkina Faso, like most developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, is marked by growing food vulnerability. The majority of local dishes are being abandoned in favor of a minority of imported cereal dishes and other ultra-processed foods. This minority of cereal foods is blamed for stunted growth in children, while ultra-processed foods are linked to chronic diseases such as hypertension, certain types of diabetes and cancer. Knowledge of the nutritional value of local foods is needed to determine their nutritional quality. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional values of local dishes based on millet, sorghum and cowpea in the Centre-North region. The methodology consisted of making an inventory of millet-, sorghum- and cowpea-based dishes using focus groups made up of women and men from three age groups comprising young people, adults and the elderly in the communes of Lebda and Boussouma. The dishes were reproduced, and standard biochemical methods were used for nutritional characterization. A total of 34 dishes were inventoried, including 16 millet/sorghum-based dishes, 8 cowpea-based dishes and 10 dishes composed of millet/sorghum and cowpea or leaves. The mean protein, carbohydrate, ash and iron contents per 100 g DM of the three types of dishes were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05), ranging respectively from 13.61 to 22.63 g, 70.76 to 80.88 g, 1.87 to 5.96 g and 7.67 to 12.06 mg. Those for lipid, energy and zinc were not significantly different, ranging from 5.51 to 6.56 g, from 427 to 433 Kcal and from 2.98 to 3.32 mg respectively. Cowpea-based and mixed dishes cover the nutritional requirements for protein, carbohydrates, iron, zinc and energy recommended for children and adults. The consumption of mixed dishes and cowpea-based dishes could be promoted by nutritional policy to reduce stunting and recommended to obese, hypertensive and diabetic people as part of their diet.展开更多
The Egyptian government introduced wheat-flour fortification with iron and folic acid to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects, but suspended it for technical reasons. We previously developed novel legume foods ...The Egyptian government introduced wheat-flour fortification with iron and folic acid to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects, but suspended it for technical reasons. We previously developed novel legume foods with enhanced folate content. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 12-week intervention with folate-enhanced foods versus folic acid supplement in improving folate status in Egyptian women. A randomized, parallel intervention trial with two active groups (n = 19, n = 18) and one blinded control group (n = 20) was executed over 12 weeks. Volunteers received either germinated legume foods and orange juice (≈250 μg/d folate) or folic acid supplement (500 μg/d) or apple juice (0 μg/d folate). Folate status was assessed by erythrocyte and plasma folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) at day 0, and after 8 and 12 weeks of intervention. After 12 weeks, mean plasma folate increased by 14 (P < 0.0001) and 12 (P < 0.0001) nmoL in the folic acid and food group, respectively. Erythrocyte folate concentration increased in the folic acid group from 614 to 912 (P < 0.0001) and in the food group from 631 to 914 nmoL (P < 0.0001). After 12 weeks, 90% of subjects in the folic acid group and 70% in the food group had erythrocyte folate concentrations exceeding 906 nmol/L. tHcy concentration was decreased by 20% (P = 0.007) and 18% (P = 0.006) in the folic acid and food group, respectively, but remained unchanged in the control group during intervention. Folate-enhanced foods effectively improve folate status in women of reproductive age. These foods could be used as a complement to folic acid fortification.展开更多
Sesame is one of the eight major allergens that cause food allergies.Study of the epitopes of sesame allergens is important for understanding their sensitization mechanisms.Currently,less information is available on t...Sesame is one of the eight major allergens that cause food allergies.Study of the epitopes of sesame allergens is important for understanding their sensitization mechanisms.Currently,less information is available on the epitope studies of sesame allergens.In this study,we analyzed the molecular characteristics,structure and homology of Ses i 3,one of the important sesame allergens.We predicted the B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 using bioinformatics tools and characterized them by slot blot immuno-microarrays technology.Eight peptides as B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 were identified,in addition,key amino acids in these epitopes were predicted and leucine 422 was identified as a key amino acid.The present work will contribute to further understanding of the sesame allergen and provide some help in the prevention and treatment of sesame allergy.展开更多
Soil viruses can greatly influence both microbial catabolism and anabolism.Understanding such influences is crucial for unraveling the fate of soil organic carbon(C).However,previous studies on soil viruses have prima...Soil viruses can greatly influence both microbial catabolism and anabolism.Understanding such influences is crucial for unraveling the fate of soil organic carbon(C).However,previous studies on soil viruses have primarily focused on their role in soil C loss,overlooking their role in C sequestration.In this study,soil viruses and microbes were introduced into sterilized samples of crop and forest soils from typical red and brown soil regions of China to examine the effects of soil viruses on C dynamics,from the perspective of C release and retention.The results showed that the viral effects on soil C emissions varied between soil types.However,they significantly enhanced the accumulation of recalcitrant dissolved and metal-bound organic C,which in turn reinforced the viral effects on C emissions.Furthermore,the accumulation of dissolved and metal-bound organic C was always associated with the microbial utilization of dissolved organic nitrogen(N),highlighting the coupled C and N cycling during the viral shuttle process.Our research demonstrates for the first time the virus-mediated coupling of C and N cycling in soils and the dual role of viruses in soil C release and stabilization,providing a new understanding of virus-driven soil C cycling.展开更多
Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)is a toxic fungal metabolite that contaminates almonds from cultivation to harvesting.It leads to chronic health problems and significant economic loss to the producers.Therefore,a fast and non-invas...Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)is a toxic fungal metabolite that contaminates almonds from cultivation to harvesting.It leads to chronic health problems and significant economic loss to the producers.Therefore,a fast and non-invasive detection technique is crucial for safeguarding food safety by swiftly identifying and eliminating contaminated almonds from the supply chain.Hyperspectral imaging has been explored as a potential non-destructive technology for detecting AFB1.However,the diverse geometries of almonds present a significant challenge on acquired images,thereby impacting the accuracy of the developed prediction and classification models.This study investigates the effectiveness of short-wave infrared(SwIR)hyperspectral imaging combined with deep learning for detecting AFB1 in almonds of varying geometries.Initially,partial least squares regression(PLSR)and support vector machine(SvM)regression models were evaluated for quantification,while SVM and quadratic discriminant analysis(QDA)classifiers were applied for classification.The results indicated that spectral responses varied with almond thickness,making quantification models unreliable for industrial applications.The Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling(CARS)algorithm was employed to identify key spectral features for developing multi-spectral AFB1 classification models to evaluate the feasibility of high-speed,accurate in-line detection.The deep learning approach significantly outperformed traditional machine learning models,with the pre-trained Inception V3 network achieving a cross-validation accuracy of 84.82%,an F1-score of 0.8522,and an area under curve of 0.893.These findings highlight the superiority of deep learning-based hyperspectral imaging for accurate and reliable AFB1 detection in almonds with diverse shapes and thicknesses.展开更多
Background:The search for alternatives to antibiotics in pig production has increased the interest in natural resources with antimicrobial properties,such as medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)as in-feed additives.This stu...Background:The search for alternatives to antibiotics in pig production has increased the interest in natural resources with antimicrobial properties,such as medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)as in-feed additives.This study evaluated the potential of a novel blend of MCFA salts(DIC)from distilled coconut oil with a lauric acid content to reduce enteropathogens and control intestinal diseases around weaning.Two experimental disease models were implemented in early-weaned piglets,consisting of two oral challenges:Salmonella Typhimurium(1.2×10~8 CFU)or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)F4(1.5×10~9 CFU).The parameters assessed were:animal performance,clinical signs,pathogen excretion,intestinal fermentation,immune-inflammatory response,and intestinal morphology.Results:The Salmonella challenge promoted an acute course of diarrhea,with most of the parameters responding to the challenge,whereas the ETEC F4 challenge promoted a mild clinical course.A consistent antipathogenic effect of DIC was observed in both trials in the hindgut,with reductions in Salmonella spp.plate counts in the cecum(P=0.03)on d 8 post-inoculation(PI)(Salmonella trial),and of enterobacteria and total coliform counts in the ileum and colon(P<0.10)on d 8 PI(ETEC F4 trial).When analyzing the entire colonic microbiota(16 S rRNA gene sequencing),this additive tended(P=0.13)to reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enriched Fibrobacteres after the Salmonella challenge.In the ETEC F4 challenge,DIC prompted structural changes in the ecosystem with increases in Dialister,and a trend(P=0.14)to increase the Veillonellaceae family.Other parameters such as the intestinal fermentation products or serum pro-inflammatory mediators were not modified by DIC supplementation,nor were the histological parameters.Only the intraepithelial lymphocyte(IEL)counts were lowered by DIC in animals challenged with Salmonella(P=0.07).With ETEC F4,the IEL counts were higher with DIC on d 8 PI(P=0.08).Conclusions:This study confirms the potential activity of this MCFA salts mixture to reduce intestinal colonization by opportunistic pathogens such as Salmonella or E.coli and its ability to modulate colonic microbiota.These changes could explain to some extent the local immune cell response at the ileal level.展开更多
Pure and Zr, La or Pr-doped cerium oxides were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption at –196 oC and X-ray diffraction (XRD). For crystal sizes calculation, the Scherrer and...Pure and Zr, La or Pr-doped cerium oxides were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption at –196 oC and X-ray diffraction (XRD). For crystal sizes calculation, the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall equations were compared, and the relationship between surface area and crystal size was critically discussed. It was demonstrated that the Williamson-Hall equation must be used instead of the Scherrer equation to calculate crystal sizes, since the latter equation underestimated ...展开更多
基金the University of Cartagena for funding through the Strengthening Project Acta 048-2023.
文摘The extensive use of polymeric materials in single-use packaging has driven the need to develop biodegradable alternatives.This study investigates the incorporation of graphene oxide(GO)and Moringa oleifera seed oil(MOSO)into a gelatin matrix to create polymer films and evaluate their potential as active packaging materials.The properties of these films were evaluated using structural,thermal,mechanical,optical,and physicochemical methods to determine their suitability for food packaging applications.The results showed that GO and MOSO were homogeneously dispersed in the gelatin matrix,forming colloidal particles(around 5μm in diameter).The addition of GO increased opacity by approximately 20 times the base value while MOSO affected light transmittance without impacting opacity.Mechanical properties were affected differently,GO acted as a crosslinking agent reducing elongation and increasing tensile strength at break,on the other hand MOSO acted as a plasticizer,making films more plastic increasing elongation a 30%.These effects counteracted each other,and similar behavior was recorded in differential scanning calorimetry.The films exhibited an improved water vapor resistance,which is crucial for food packaging.These findings indicate that the incorporation of GO and MOSO into a gelatin matrix may produce biodegradable polymer films with enhanced properties,suitable for active packaging in the food industry.
基金The research is supported by the Australian Grain Research and Development Corporation(UMU00049 and UMU00050).
文摘Crop genetic improvements catalysed population growth,which in turn has increased the pressure for food security.We need to produce 70%more food to meet the demands of 9.5 billion people by 2050.Climate changes have posed challenges for global food supply,while the narrow genetic base of elite crop cultivars has further limited our capacity to increase genetic gain through conventional breeding.The effective utilization of genetic resources in germplasm collections for crop improvement is crucial to increasing genetic gain to address challenges in the global food supply.Genomic selection(GS)uses genome-wide markers and phenotype information from observed populations to establish associations,followed by genome-wide markers to predict phenotypic values in test populations.Characterizing an extensive germplasm collection can serve a dual purpose in GS,as a reference population for predicting model,and mining desirable genetic variants for incorporation into elite cultivars.New technologies,such as high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping,machine learning,and gene editing,have great potential to contribute to genomeassisted breeding.Breeding programmes integrating germplasm characterization,GS and emerging technologies offer promise for accelerating the development of cultivars with improved yield and enhanced resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.Finally,scientifically informed regulations on new breeding technologies,and increased sharing of genetic resources,genomic data,and bioinformatics expertise between developed and developing economies will be the key to meeting the challenges of the rapidly changing climate and increased demand for food.
文摘The present explanatory study was carried out to investigate the relation between diabetes mellitus and food balance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2005-2010, using published data. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between food balance and diabetes mellitus, using published data on food balances in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2005-2007, published by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2012 and Medical Technical papers and Scientific Reports published on Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia in an explanatory study. Food balance was calculated per capita and then its level of change was compared with changing of diabetes mellitus in the country. Results illustrated that Saudi citizen daily protein consumption （DPC） during 2005-2007 （g/capita/day） is higher than the average global consumption level of protein with 15.27%, daily fat consumption （DFC） with 24.56% and daily energy consumption （DEC） with 16.93% and increases than recommended level by International Nutrition Organizations （INO） with 56% for protein, 60.49% for fat and 27.37% for energy. On the other hand, DPC per capita in Saudi Arabia decreased during the period 2008-2010 from 88.3 g/day to 82.36 g/day. Moreover, DFC per capita in Saudi Arabia decreased during the period 2008-2010 from 3,247.90 Cal/capita/day to 3,176.43 Cal/capita/day, and daily energy consumption （DEC） of Saudi citizen increases than world consumption with 16.93%, while increases with 27.37% than INO. Despite this, DPC, DFC and DEC per capita in Saudi Arabia were still higher than world mean. On the other side, results illustrated that the number of diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia during the same period （2005-2010）. The curve of diabetic patient＇s number in Saudi Arabia during 2005-2010 is regular ascending with increasing level ranged between 7.10% in 2005 and 12.44% in 2010. It is essential to devise Saudi National Programme to educate the public about the relation of food balances and diabetes, so it could be avoided, and provide citizens with healthy dietary balances tables.
文摘The objective of this work was to estimate the antioxidant potential of the extracts from pink shrimp residue and red grape pomaces (Merlot and Syrah varietals), evaluated according to its antioxidant activity with different analytical methods, associating these properties with the chemical composition of the extract and, as a consequence, with the extraction procedure. The shrimp residue was pre-treated combining cooking, drying, and milling, whereas the grape pomaces were dried and ground. The shrimp residue extracts were obtained by Soxhlet (SOX) and by maceration using hexane (Hx), hexane: isopropanol (50:50) (Hx:IPA), isopropanol, ethanol (EtOH) and acetone as solvents;by ultrasonic maceration (UME) with EtOH;by cold and hot oil extraction with soy and sunflower oils;and by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) with pure CO2 (100 -?300 bar;313.15 -?333.15 K) and with co-solvent (Hx: IPA and sunflower oil at 2%). The grape pomaces extracts were obtained by SOX using EtOH, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and Hx;UME with water (H2O), EtOH, EtOAc and Hx;and by SFE performed with pure CO2 (150 -?300 bar;323.15 -?333.15 K) and with cosolvent (EtOH at 15%). The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging procedure and by the β-carotene bleaching method. Higher antioxidant activities in shrimp residue extracts were observed by the β-carotene bleaching method in alcoholic and cetonic extracts, among the low pressure extraction methods, while for the SFE, the higher activities were achieved by the extracts obtained at elevated pressures. For the grape pomaces extracts, the best results were obtained by the DPPH method from the low pressure extractions proceeded with EtOH. The SFE with Merlot pomace at 323.15 K/150 bar (the lowest temperature and pressures tested) presented the best antioxidant activity by the β-carotene bleaching.
文摘To understand how baking processes influence starch quality, twelve samples of cereal foods products have been studied. Damaged starch determined by a-amylase hydrolysis to characterize and quantify the molecular composition of cereal foods starches treated with different conditions during processing that had been physically damaged to different extents, by preparation and processing provide the physicochemical data to understand more fully the effects of mechanical damage on amylase, amylopectin content and differential scanning calorimetric （DSC） for selected cereal foods products. There were significant difference between treatments in term of damaged starch content of cereal foods flours which were 0.64% to 36.40%, while the DSC results for the starches were the gelatinisation onset （To）, peak temperature （Tp） and conclusion temperature （To）, and temperatures of selected food starches ranged from 34.86 ℃ to 75.20 ℃, 54.04 ℃ to 85.94 ℃, and 63.5 ℃ to 95.16 ℃. There were significant differences between all cereal foods starches in term of amylose and its contents ranged from 70.3% to 87% and also there were significant differences between the amylopectin content of cereal foods flours ranged from 13.3% to 29.6%.
文摘Cereal grains can contribute to maintain health and prevent chronic diseases by supplying biologically active components. The exact mechanism of action of these components is not completely understood,but extensive evidence suggests the antioxidants that are present in the grains are the likely source of benefits. These activities or properties might protect against coronary heart disease and diabetes. The relationships of complex carbohydrates,whole grain products and the prevention of diseases,including type2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease continue to challenge the scientific community. Though cereal grains contribute to a healthy diet there are some people that can not tolerate the proteins present in the grain. This can lead to food allergies and when severe can be diagnosed as celiac disease.
文摘Food safety,specifically in restaurants,is becoming a key public health priority because of the increased number of meals eaten outside the home.Foodborne illness prevention thus is a significant concern and a public health priority in the United Arab Emirates,particularly Dubai,because of the extensive tourism industry.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using demonstrations in training sessions to improve food safety knowledge and practices amongst food handlers.A descriptive and quantitative approach has been applied to collect the quantifiable information related to the research study.This has been further analyzed using the correlation tests to gather the required data.On comparison of the pre-test scores between the intervention and the control group,the t-test analysis showed significant difference in the level of food safety knowledge between the two groups.Pre-test score for the control group was 78.33 and post-test score was 104.66.In the case of the intervention group,pre-test score was 91.37 and post-test score was 130.75.The scores of food handlers’food safety practice for control group:pre-treatment score was 470 and post-treatment score was 646.For intervention group:pre-test score was 723 and post-test score was 1,056.The study concluded that training with demonstration techniques is an effective way of improving compliance with food safety guidelines.It has been understood that training helps in improving the performance of the employees while reducing the foodborne diseases and maintaining hygiene in the food.The study recommends every restaurant needs to provide regular trainings to the employees so that the restaurants can maintain hygiene and food safety practices.
文摘This study aimed to determine the antibiotic and bacteriocin sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from animal derived foods. With disc diffusion assay, all fourteen L. monocytogenes strains were suscepti-ble to the antibiotics, including penicillin G, vancomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, erythromycin, gentamicin and trime- thoprim. However, the percentages of fosfomycin and streptomycin resistances were 92.9% and 7.1%, respectively. Multiple resistances were not observed among the tested strains. The results of well diffusion assays showed that all strains were inhibited by the cell-free supernatant of a bacteriocin-producing strain, Pediococcus acidilactici 13, with the inhibition zones ranging from 16.00 to 24.50 mm. These results provide useful information on antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from foods, and can potentially be used to develop bacteriocin-based interventions to guard against the hazards associated with L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products.
文摘The food and nutrition situation in Burkina Faso, like most developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, is marked by growing food vulnerability. The majority of local dishes are being abandoned in favor of a minority of imported cereal dishes and other ultra-processed foods. This minority of cereal foods is blamed for stunted growth in children, while ultra-processed foods are linked to chronic diseases such as hypertension, certain types of diabetes and cancer. Knowledge of the nutritional value of local foods is needed to determine their nutritional quality. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional values of local dishes based on millet, sorghum and cowpea in the Centre-North region. The methodology consisted of making an inventory of millet-, sorghum- and cowpea-based dishes using focus groups made up of women and men from three age groups comprising young people, adults and the elderly in the communes of Lebda and Boussouma. The dishes were reproduced, and standard biochemical methods were used for nutritional characterization. A total of 34 dishes were inventoried, including 16 millet/sorghum-based dishes, 8 cowpea-based dishes and 10 dishes composed of millet/sorghum and cowpea or leaves. The mean protein, carbohydrate, ash and iron contents per 100 g DM of the three types of dishes were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05), ranging respectively from 13.61 to 22.63 g, 70.76 to 80.88 g, 1.87 to 5.96 g and 7.67 to 12.06 mg. Those for lipid, energy and zinc were not significantly different, ranging from 5.51 to 6.56 g, from 427 to 433 Kcal and from 2.98 to 3.32 mg respectively. Cowpea-based and mixed dishes cover the nutritional requirements for protein, carbohydrates, iron, zinc and energy recommended for children and adults. The consumption of mixed dishes and cowpea-based dishes could be promoted by nutritional policy to reduce stunting and recommended to obese, hypertensive and diabetic people as part of their diet.
文摘The Egyptian government introduced wheat-flour fortification with iron and folic acid to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects, but suspended it for technical reasons. We previously developed novel legume foods with enhanced folate content. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 12-week intervention with folate-enhanced foods versus folic acid supplement in improving folate status in Egyptian women. A randomized, parallel intervention trial with two active groups (n = 19, n = 18) and one blinded control group (n = 20) was executed over 12 weeks. Volunteers received either germinated legume foods and orange juice (≈250 μg/d folate) or folic acid supplement (500 μg/d) or apple juice (0 μg/d folate). Folate status was assessed by erythrocyte and plasma folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) at day 0, and after 8 and 12 weeks of intervention. After 12 weeks, mean plasma folate increased by 14 (P < 0.0001) and 12 (P < 0.0001) nmoL in the folic acid and food group, respectively. Erythrocyte folate concentration increased in the folic acid group from 614 to 912 (P < 0.0001) and in the food group from 631 to 914 nmoL (P < 0.0001). After 12 weeks, 90% of subjects in the folic acid group and 70% in the food group had erythrocyte folate concentrations exceeding 906 nmol/L. tHcy concentration was decreased by 20% (P = 0.007) and 18% (P = 0.006) in the folic acid and food group, respectively, but remained unchanged in the control group during intervention. Folate-enhanced foods effectively improve folate status in women of reproductive age. These foods could be used as a complement to folic acid fortification.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Public Research Institutes of Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine(2022JK04).
文摘Sesame is one of the eight major allergens that cause food allergies.Study of the epitopes of sesame allergens is important for understanding their sensitization mechanisms.Currently,less information is available on the epitope studies of sesame allergens.In this study,we analyzed the molecular characteristics,structure and homology of Ses i 3,one of the important sesame allergens.We predicted the B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 using bioinformatics tools and characterized them by slot blot immuno-microarrays technology.Eight peptides as B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 were identified,in addition,key amino acids in these epitopes were predicted and leucine 422 was identified as a key amino acid.The present work will contribute to further understanding of the sesame allergen and provide some help in the prevention and treatment of sesame allergy.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFD1501801)the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2022C02046)+1 种基金the 111 Project of China(No.B17039)China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-01).
文摘Soil viruses can greatly influence both microbial catabolism and anabolism.Understanding such influences is crucial for unraveling the fate of soil organic carbon(C).However,previous studies on soil viruses have primarily focused on their role in soil C loss,overlooking their role in C sequestration.In this study,soil viruses and microbes were introduced into sterilized samples of crop and forest soils from typical red and brown soil regions of China to examine the effects of soil viruses on C dynamics,from the perspective of C release and retention.The results showed that the viral effects on soil C emissions varied between soil types.However,they significantly enhanced the accumulation of recalcitrant dissolved and metal-bound organic C,which in turn reinforced the viral effects on C emissions.Furthermore,the accumulation of dissolved and metal-bound organic C was always associated with the microbial utilization of dissolved organic nitrogen(N),highlighting the coupled C and N cycling during the viral shuttle process.Our research demonstrates for the first time the virus-mediated coupling of C and N cycling in soils and the dual role of viruses in soil C release and stabilization,providing a new understanding of virus-driven soil C cycling.
基金the Research Training Program International(RTPi)scholarship from Commonwealth Australiathe top-up scholarship provided by SureNut Ltd.SureNut Ltd.for supplying all the almonds used in this study.
文摘Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)is a toxic fungal metabolite that contaminates almonds from cultivation to harvesting.It leads to chronic health problems and significant economic loss to the producers.Therefore,a fast and non-invasive detection technique is crucial for safeguarding food safety by swiftly identifying and eliminating contaminated almonds from the supply chain.Hyperspectral imaging has been explored as a potential non-destructive technology for detecting AFB1.However,the diverse geometries of almonds present a significant challenge on acquired images,thereby impacting the accuracy of the developed prediction and classification models.This study investigates the effectiveness of short-wave infrared(SwIR)hyperspectral imaging combined with deep learning for detecting AFB1 in almonds of varying geometries.Initially,partial least squares regression(PLSR)and support vector machine(SvM)regression models were evaluated for quantification,while SVM and quadratic discriminant analysis(QDA)classifiers were applied for classification.The results indicated that spectral responses varied with almond thickness,making quantification models unreliable for industrial applications.The Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling(CARS)algorithm was employed to identify key spectral features for developing multi-spectral AFB1 classification models to evaluate the feasibility of high-speed,accurate in-line detection.The deep learning approach significantly outperformed traditional machine learning models,with the pre-trained Inception V3 network achieving a cross-validation accuracy of 84.82%,an F1-score of 0.8522,and an area under curve of 0.893.These findings highlight the superiority of deep learning-based hyperspectral imaging for accurate and reliable AFB1 detection in almonds with diverse shapes and thicknesses.
基金funded by the“PORCDIGEST”project(IDI-20140262)funded by the CDTI and the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad(Spain)support from the pre-doctoral FI grant of the Generalitat de Catalunya(Spain)awarded to Paola López-Colom.
文摘Background:The search for alternatives to antibiotics in pig production has increased the interest in natural resources with antimicrobial properties,such as medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)as in-feed additives.This study evaluated the potential of a novel blend of MCFA salts(DIC)from distilled coconut oil with a lauric acid content to reduce enteropathogens and control intestinal diseases around weaning.Two experimental disease models were implemented in early-weaned piglets,consisting of two oral challenges:Salmonella Typhimurium(1.2×10~8 CFU)or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)F4(1.5×10~9 CFU).The parameters assessed were:animal performance,clinical signs,pathogen excretion,intestinal fermentation,immune-inflammatory response,and intestinal morphology.Results:The Salmonella challenge promoted an acute course of diarrhea,with most of the parameters responding to the challenge,whereas the ETEC F4 challenge promoted a mild clinical course.A consistent antipathogenic effect of DIC was observed in both trials in the hindgut,with reductions in Salmonella spp.plate counts in the cecum(P=0.03)on d 8 post-inoculation(PI)(Salmonella trial),and of enterobacteria and total coliform counts in the ileum and colon(P<0.10)on d 8 PI(ETEC F4 trial).When analyzing the entire colonic microbiota(16 S rRNA gene sequencing),this additive tended(P=0.13)to reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enriched Fibrobacteres after the Salmonella challenge.In the ETEC F4 challenge,DIC prompted structural changes in the ecosystem with increases in Dialister,and a trend(P=0.14)to increase the Veillonellaceae family.Other parameters such as the intestinal fermentation products or serum pro-inflammatory mediators were not modified by DIC supplementation,nor were the histological parameters.Only the intraepithelial lymphocyte(IEL)counts were lowered by DIC in animals challenged with Salmonella(P=0.07).With ETEC F4,the IEL counts were higher with DIC on d 8 PI(P=0.08).Conclusions:This study confirms the potential activity of this MCFA salts mixture to reduce intestinal colonization by opportunistic pathogens such as Salmonella or E.coli and its ability to modulate colonic microbiota.These changes could explain to some extent the local immune cell response at the ileal level.
基金Project supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CIT-420000-2009-48 project, partially funded with FEDER resources)
文摘Pure and Zr, La or Pr-doped cerium oxides were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption at –196 oC and X-ray diffraction (XRD). For crystal sizes calculation, the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall equations were compared, and the relationship between surface area and crystal size was critically discussed. It was demonstrated that the Williamson-Hall equation must be used instead of the Scherrer equation to calculate crystal sizes, since the latter equation underestimated ...
