Power to hydrogen(P2H)provides a promising solution to the geographic mismatch between sources of renewable energy and the market,due to its technological maturity,flexibility,and the availability of technical and eco...Power to hydrogen(P2H)provides a promising solution to the geographic mismatch between sources of renewable energy and the market,due to its technological maturity,flexibility,and the availability of technical and economic data from a range of active demonstration projects.In this review,we aim to provide an overview of the status of P2H,analyze its technical barriers and solutions,and propose potential opportunities for future research and industrial demonstrations.We specifically focus on the transport of hydrogen via natural gas pipeline networks and end-user purification.Strong evidence shows that an addition of about 10%hydrogen into natural gas pipelines has negligible effects on the pipelines and utilization appliances,and may therefore extend the asset value of the pipelines after natural gas is depleted.To obtain pure hydrogen from hydrogen-enriched natural gas(HENG)mixtures,end-user separation is inevitable,and can be achieved through membranes,adsorption,and other promising separation technologies.However,novel materials with high selectivity and capacity will be the key to the development of industrial processes,and an integrated membrane-adsorption process may be considered in order to produce high-purity hydrogen from HENG.It is also worth investigating the feasibility of electrochemical separation(hydrogen pumping)at a large scale and its energy analysis.Cryogenics may only be feasible when liquefied natural gas(LNG)is one of the major products.A range of other technological and operational barriers and opportunities,such as water availability,byproduct(oxygen)utilization,and environmental impacts,are also discussed.This review will advance readers’understanding of P2H and foster the development of the hydrogen economy.展开更多
The rare microbial biosphere provides broad ecological services and resilience to various ecosystems.Nevertheless,the biogeographical patterns and assembly processes of rare bacterioplankton communities in large river...The rare microbial biosphere provides broad ecological services and resilience to various ecosystems.Nevertheless,the biogeographical patterns and assembly processes of rare bacterioplankton communities in large rivers remain uncertain.In this study,we investigated the biogeography and community assembly processes of abundant and rare bacterioplankton taxa in the Yangtze River(China)covering a distance of 4300 km.The results revealed similar spatiotemporal patterns of abundant taxa(AT)and rare taxa(RT)at both taxonomic and phylogenetic levels,and analysis of similarities revealed that RT was significantly influenced by season and landform than AT.Furthermore,RT correlated with more environmental factors than AT,whereas environmental and spatial factors explained a lower proportion of community shifts in RT than in AT.The steeper distance–decay slopes in AT indicated higher spatial turnover rates of abundant subcommunities than rare subcommunities.The null model revealed that both AT and RT were mainly governed by stochastic processes.However,dispersal limitation primarily governed the AT,whereas the undominated process accounted for a higher fraction of stochastic processes in RT.River flow and suspended solids mediated the balance between the stochastic and deterministic processes in RT.The spatiotemporal dynamics and assembly processes of total taxa were more similar as AT than RT.This study provides new insights into both significant spatiotemporal dynamics and inconsistent assembly processes of AT and RT in large rivers.展开更多
Collaborations between China and Australia has always been crossed at almost all fields covering mathematics and physics,computer sciences and IT,chemistry,chemical engineering and materials,economics,business and man...Collaborations between China and Australia has always been crossed at almost all fields covering mathematics and physics,computer sciences and IT,chemistry,chemical engineering and materials,economics,business and management,mechanical,electrical and electronic engineering,social sciences and humanities,biomedical and health sciences,civil,environmental and agricultural engineering,etc.展开更多
基金support of Global Innovation Linkage(GIL)awarded by Department of Industry,Innovation and Science entitled“Development of Unconventional Gas Technologies for Sustainable Energy Security"(GIL54444),Early Career Researcher Grants Scheme awarded by the University of Mel-bourne entitled“Production of HighPurity Hydrogen from Mixed Pipeline Gases"(1858821),and Future Fuels Cooperative Research Centre(CRC)“Novel Separation Technology development forhy-drogen and future fuels systems"(RP3.2-08).
文摘Power to hydrogen(P2H)provides a promising solution to the geographic mismatch between sources of renewable energy and the market,due to its technological maturity,flexibility,and the availability of technical and economic data from a range of active demonstration projects.In this review,we aim to provide an overview of the status of P2H,analyze its technical barriers and solutions,and propose potential opportunities for future research and industrial demonstrations.We specifically focus on the transport of hydrogen via natural gas pipeline networks and end-user purification.Strong evidence shows that an addition of about 10%hydrogen into natural gas pipelines has negligible effects on the pipelines and utilization appliances,and may therefore extend the asset value of the pipelines after natural gas is depleted.To obtain pure hydrogen from hydrogen-enriched natural gas(HENG)mixtures,end-user separation is inevitable,and can be achieved through membranes,adsorption,and other promising separation technologies.However,novel materials with high selectivity and capacity will be the key to the development of industrial processes,and an integrated membrane-adsorption process may be considered in order to produce high-purity hydrogen from HENG.It is also worth investigating the feasibility of electrochemical separation(hydrogen pumping)at a large scale and its energy analysis.Cryogenics may only be feasible when liquefied natural gas(LNG)is one of the major products.A range of other technological and operational barriers and opportunities,such as water availability,byproduct(oxygen)utilization,and environmental impacts,are also discussed.This review will advance readers’understanding of P2H and foster the development of the hydrogen economy.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41907203)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(202IT 140010).
文摘The rare microbial biosphere provides broad ecological services and resilience to various ecosystems.Nevertheless,the biogeographical patterns and assembly processes of rare bacterioplankton communities in large rivers remain uncertain.In this study,we investigated the biogeography and community assembly processes of abundant and rare bacterioplankton taxa in the Yangtze River(China)covering a distance of 4300 km.The results revealed similar spatiotemporal patterns of abundant taxa(AT)and rare taxa(RT)at both taxonomic and phylogenetic levels,and analysis of similarities revealed that RT was significantly influenced by season and landform than AT.Furthermore,RT correlated with more environmental factors than AT,whereas environmental and spatial factors explained a lower proportion of community shifts in RT than in AT.The steeper distance–decay slopes in AT indicated higher spatial turnover rates of abundant subcommunities than rare subcommunities.The null model revealed that both AT and RT were mainly governed by stochastic processes.However,dispersal limitation primarily governed the AT,whereas the undominated process accounted for a higher fraction of stochastic processes in RT.River flow and suspended solids mediated the balance between the stochastic and deterministic processes in RT.The spatiotemporal dynamics and assembly processes of total taxa were more similar as AT than RT.This study provides new insights into both significant spatiotemporal dynamics and inconsistent assembly processes of AT and RT in large rivers.
文摘Collaborations between China and Australia has always been crossed at almost all fields covering mathematics and physics,computer sciences and IT,chemistry,chemical engineering and materials,economics,business and management,mechanical,electrical and electronic engineering,social sciences and humanities,biomedical and health sciences,civil,environmental and agricultural engineering,etc.
