The random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） marker was assessed to detect the genetic relationships among 48 hybrid Cymbidium cultivars from Japan, Korea, China, and USA, and 2 species of native Cymbidium. Twenty pr...The random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） marker was assessed to detect the genetic relationships among 48 hybrid Cymbidium cultivars from Japan, Korea, China, and USA, and 2 species of native Cymbidium. Twenty primers were screened from 100 random decamer primers, and a total of 258 DNA bands were amplified, 253 of which （98.1%） were polymorphic. The average number of polymorphic DNA bands amplified by each primer was 12.6. All cultivars were distinguishable when a number of primers were considered. Genetic similarities among the cultivars and species were estimated based on the amount of band sharing ranging from 0.364-0.817 with an average of 0.581. According to the data, a dendrogram of genetic relationship, which was constructed using the UPGMA method, showed that all the tested cultivars and native species were classified into five cluster groups with the similarity coefficient of 0.592. It revealed that the genetic relationships among tested accessions were to some extent related with their origin, flower colour, branch type, and genealogy. It further indicated that the RAPD technique is a useful tool for studying the genetic relationships among hybrid Cymbidium cultivars.展开更多
Gerbera Hybrida is one of the important cut flowers across the world.The novel traits are the primarily market requirements and the breeding targets,mainly determined by the degree of genetic variation after hybridiza...Gerbera Hybrida is one of the important cut flowers across the world.The novel traits are the primarily market requirements and the breeding targets,mainly determined by the degree of genetic variation after hybridization.However,meiotic recombination is highly conserved in most eukaryotes which suppressed the crossover formation and limited the genetic diversity.Recently,several meiotic recombination suppressors have been identified and characterized in plants,whereas it remains elusive in G.hybrida.In order to characterize the expression patterns of these suppressors in G.hybrida,20 candidate reference genes were identified from the transcriptome datasets of G.hybrida,and their expression stabilities during plant development were evaluated by geNorm,NormFinder and BestKeeper.Although the most stable reference genes were variable in different softwares,comprehensive ranking revealed that PGK2 was the most stable reference gene and GAPDH was the most unstable one.The expression patterns of FANCM,FIGL1,RECQ4,RM1,and FLIP further validated that PGK2 was suitable for normalization of gene expression.Our study identified a reliable reference gene for gene expression during meiotic recombination,and provided functional insights into meiotic recombination suppressors in G.hybrida.展开更多
Meiotic recombination and the resulting novel allele combinations are fundamental to plant breeding and the identification of superior hybrids.However,the rate of meiotic crossovers is naturally suppressed below its p...Meiotic recombination and the resulting novel allele combinations are fundamental to plant breeding and the identification of superior hybrids.However,the rate of meiotic crossovers is naturally suppressed below its potential ability,which prevents plant breeding efficiency.Nine suppressors of meiotic recombination have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis and in other crop species.Mutations in these genes can lead to increased recombination frequency and could therefore potentially be used to create hyper-recombinant lines for ornamental breeding.In Gerbera hybrida,the anti-crossover factors remain elusive.In this study,we isolated and cloned TOP3αfrom flower buds of G.hybrida,and it encoded 935 amino acids with three conserved domains TOPRIM,TOP1Ac and zf-GR.Moreover,TOP3αwas the highest expressed at the flower bud stage,which coincided with the occurrence of meiotic recombination,suggesting that TOP3αis associated with the regulation of meiotic recombination in G.hybrida.展开更多
Flower type is the most valuable ornamental trait in floricultural plants,for which the ABCDE model was proposed to explain the identity of each floral organ in flowering plants.The C-class gene AGAMOUS(AG)is responsi...Flower type is the most valuable ornamental trait in floricultural plants,for which the ABCDE model was proposed to explain the identity of each floral organ in flowering plants.The C-class gene AGAMOUS(AG)is responsible for stamen formation and plays an essential role in the double flower phenotype.A previous study in carnation revealed that the mutation in the miR172 binding site of the A-class gene APETALA2(AP2)leads to petal accumulation.And the expression level of AG was reduced significantly in the double flowers compared with that in the single flowers.However,there was no sequence polymorphism detected between AGs isolated from the double flowers and single flowers.Here,we performed AG analysis using single and semi-double flower carnations,and detected several mutations located in the crucial position like the MADS-box domain in the AGs of semi-double flower carnations while no changes were found at the miR172 binding site of AP2.As a result,the expression levels of AGs are reduced in the semi-double flower carnation,which could be caught by the loss function of AGs.Our data proves that AGs mutations are also associated with the semi-double flower formation in carnation,complementing the lack of research about AG-mutationassociated double flower formation in carnation.展开更多
Roses,often referred to as the'Queen of Flowers',hold significant economic and medicinal value.They are among the world's four major cut flowers.As one of the original centers of rose diversity,China boast...Roses,often referred to as the'Queen of Flowers',hold significant economic and medicinal value.They are among the world's four major cut flowers.As one of the original centers of rose diversity,China boasts a cultivation history spanning approximately 2,000 years.Roses were widely planted in gardens during the Han Dynasty and reached their zenith in popularity during the Tang Dynasty[1].In the 18th century,breeders crossed ancient Chinese rose varieties with native European roses,resulting in the creation of Hybrid Tea Roses capable of blooming year-round.This marked a significant transition from Old Garden Roses to Modern Garden Roses[2].展开更多
The floriculture industry is experiencing rapid growth with high profitability driven by its irreplaceable symbolic,therapeutic,and emotional value for decorative and aesthetic purposes.However,this prosperity comes w...The floriculture industry is experiencing rapid growth with high profitability driven by its irreplaceable symbolic,therapeutic,and emotional value for decorative and aesthetic purposes.However,this prosperity comes with significant environmental costs,as the industry's pursuit of high-quality flower production is largely shaped by profit-driven motives.This thus creates a paradox:while flowers symbolize natural beauty and harmony,their unsustainable production modes undermine these very ideals.In this context,it is emphasized that floral plants can be both economically important and ecologically significant,particularly their functional roles in supporting key components of terrestrial ecosystems.Two potential applications of floral plants in the agroecosystem are proposed:flower strips in agricultural systems and flower meadows comprising halophytes and hyperaccumulators in degraded landscapes.By harnessing the potential functional diversity of floral plants to provide their respective ecological services,it offers an alternative pathway for the floriculture industry to evolve toward a future that balances beauty with sustainability.展开更多
Auxin plays critical roles in root formation and development. The components involved in this process, however, are not well understood. Here, we newly identified a peptide encoding gene, auxin-responsive endogenous p...Auxin plays critical roles in root formation and development. The components involved in this process, however, are not well understood. Here, we newly identified a peptide encoding gene, auxin-responsive endogenous polypeptide 1 （AREP1）, which is induced by auxin, and mediates root development in Arabidopsis. Expression of AREP1 was specific to the cotyledon and to root and shoot meristem tissues. Amounts of AREP1 transcripts and AREP1-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins were elevated in response to indoleacetic acid treatment. Suppression of AREP1 through RNAi silencing resulted in reduction of primary root length, increase of lateral root number, and expansion of adventitious roots, compared to the observations in wild-type plants in the presence of auxin. By contrast, transgenic plants overexpressing AREP1 showed enhanced growth of the primary root under auxin treatment. Additionally, rootmorphology, including lateral root number and adventitious roots, differed greatly between transgenic and wildtype plants. Further analysis indicated that the expression of auxin-responsive genes, such as IAA3, IAA7, IAA17, GH3.2, GH3.3, and SAUR-AC1, was significantly higher in AREP1 RNAi plants, and was slightly lower in AREP1 overexpressing plants than in wildtype plants. These results suggest that the novel endogenous peptide AREP1 plays an important role in the process of auxinmediated root development.展开更多
文摘The random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） marker was assessed to detect the genetic relationships among 48 hybrid Cymbidium cultivars from Japan, Korea, China, and USA, and 2 species of native Cymbidium. Twenty primers were screened from 100 random decamer primers, and a total of 258 DNA bands were amplified, 253 of which （98.1%） were polymorphic. The average number of polymorphic DNA bands amplified by each primer was 12.6. All cultivars were distinguishable when a number of primers were considered. Genetic similarities among the cultivars and species were estimated based on the amount of band sharing ranging from 0.364-0.817 with an average of 0.581. According to the data, a dendrogram of genetic relationship, which was constructed using the UPGMA method, showed that all the tested cultivars and native species were classified into five cluster groups with the similarity coefficient of 0.592. It revealed that the genetic relationships among tested accessions were to some extent related with their origin, flower colour, branch type, and genealogy. It further indicated that the RAPD technique is a useful tool for studying the genetic relationships among hybrid Cymbidium cultivars.
基金funded by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant No.2019FD030)Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2019ZG006,202102AE090052)Ten-thousand Talents Program of Yunnan Province–Yunling Scholar of Industrial Technology Leading Talent Project(Grant No.Yun Fagai Renshi[2018]No.212)。
文摘Gerbera Hybrida is one of the important cut flowers across the world.The novel traits are the primarily market requirements and the breeding targets,mainly determined by the degree of genetic variation after hybridization.However,meiotic recombination is highly conserved in most eukaryotes which suppressed the crossover formation and limited the genetic diversity.Recently,several meiotic recombination suppressors have been identified and characterized in plants,whereas it remains elusive in G.hybrida.In order to characterize the expression patterns of these suppressors in G.hybrida,20 candidate reference genes were identified from the transcriptome datasets of G.hybrida,and their expression stabilities during plant development were evaluated by geNorm,NormFinder and BestKeeper.Although the most stable reference genes were variable in different softwares,comprehensive ranking revealed that PGK2 was the most stable reference gene and GAPDH was the most unstable one.The expression patterns of FANCM,FIGL1,RECQ4,RM1,and FLIP further validated that PGK2 was suitable for normalization of gene expression.Our study identified a reliable reference gene for gene expression during meiotic recombination,and provided functional insights into meiotic recombination suppressors in G.hybrida.
基金the Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province-Youth Project(Grant No.2019FD030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31960608)the Ten-thousand Talents Program of Yunnan Province–Yunling Scholar of Industrial Technology Leading Talent Project(Grant No.Yun Fagai Renshi[2018]No.212).
文摘Meiotic recombination and the resulting novel allele combinations are fundamental to plant breeding and the identification of superior hybrids.However,the rate of meiotic crossovers is naturally suppressed below its potential ability,which prevents plant breeding efficiency.Nine suppressors of meiotic recombination have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis and in other crop species.Mutations in these genes can lead to increased recombination frequency and could therefore potentially be used to create hyper-recombinant lines for ornamental breeding.In Gerbera hybrida,the anti-crossover factors remain elusive.In this study,we isolated and cloned TOP3αfrom flower buds of G.hybrida,and it encoded 935 amino acids with three conserved domains TOPRIM,TOP1Ac and zf-GR.Moreover,TOP3αwas the highest expressed at the flower bud stage,which coincided with the occurrence of meiotic recombination,suggesting that TOP3αis associated with the regulation of meiotic recombination in G.hybrida.
基金funded by the Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(202102AE090052)High-level Talent Introduction Program of Yunnan Province-Industrial Talent Special Project(YNQR-CYRC-2020-004)the Green Food Brand-Build a Special Project(Floriculture)supported by Science and Technology(530000210000000013742)。
文摘Flower type is the most valuable ornamental trait in floricultural plants,for which the ABCDE model was proposed to explain the identity of each floral organ in flowering plants.The C-class gene AGAMOUS(AG)is responsible for stamen formation and plays an essential role in the double flower phenotype.A previous study in carnation revealed that the mutation in the miR172 binding site of the A-class gene APETALA2(AP2)leads to petal accumulation.And the expression level of AG was reduced significantly in the double flowers compared with that in the single flowers.However,there was no sequence polymorphism detected between AGs isolated from the double flowers and single flowers.Here,we performed AG analysis using single and semi-double flower carnations,and detected several mutations located in the crucial position like the MADS-box domain in the AGs of semi-double flower carnations while no changes were found at the miR172 binding site of AP2.As a result,the expression levels of AGs are reduced in the semi-double flower carnation,which could be caught by the loss function of AGs.Our data proves that AGs mutations are also associated with the semi-double flower formation in carnation,complementing the lack of research about AG-mutationassociated double flower formation in carnation.
基金funded by the Yunnan Xingdian Talents-Youth Special Project(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0731)Yunnan Xingdian Talents-Special Selection Project for High-level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovation Teams-Team Specific Project and High-level Talent Introduction Program of Yunnan Province-Industrial Talent Special Project(YNQR-CYRC-2020-004).
文摘Roses,often referred to as the'Queen of Flowers',hold significant economic and medicinal value.They are among the world's four major cut flowers.As one of the original centers of rose diversity,China boasts a cultivation history spanning approximately 2,000 years.Roses were widely planted in gardens during the Han Dynasty and reached their zenith in popularity during the Tang Dynasty[1].In the 18th century,breeders crossed ancient Chinese rose varieties with native European roses,resulting in the creation of Hybrid Tea Roses capable of blooming year-round.This marked a significant transition from Old Garden Roses to Modern Garden Roses[2].
基金supported by the Talent cultivation funding supported by Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2023RCYP-06)the Scientific and Technological Talents and Platform Program of Yunnan Province(Academician Expert Workstation)(202305AF150165)the Xingdian Talent Support Project(CYRC2020004).
文摘The floriculture industry is experiencing rapid growth with high profitability driven by its irreplaceable symbolic,therapeutic,and emotional value for decorative and aesthetic purposes.However,this prosperity comes with significant environmental costs,as the industry's pursuit of high-quality flower production is largely shaped by profit-driven motives.This thus creates a paradox:while flowers symbolize natural beauty and harmony,their unsustainable production modes undermine these very ideals.In this context,it is emphasized that floral plants can be both economically important and ecologically significant,particularly their functional roles in supporting key components of terrestrial ecosystems.Two potential applications of floral plants in the agroecosystem are proposed:flower strips in agricultural systems and flower meadows comprising halophytes and hyperaccumulators in degraded landscapes.By harnessing the potential functional diversity of floral plants to provide their respective ecological services,it offers an alternative pathway for the floriculture industry to evolve toward a future that balances beauty with sustainability.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30971557,30971816,and31300996)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(S2011010001433)
文摘Auxin plays critical roles in root formation and development. The components involved in this process, however, are not well understood. Here, we newly identified a peptide encoding gene, auxin-responsive endogenous polypeptide 1 （AREP1）, which is induced by auxin, and mediates root development in Arabidopsis. Expression of AREP1 was specific to the cotyledon and to root and shoot meristem tissues. Amounts of AREP1 transcripts and AREP1-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins were elevated in response to indoleacetic acid treatment. Suppression of AREP1 through RNAi silencing resulted in reduction of primary root length, increase of lateral root number, and expansion of adventitious roots, compared to the observations in wild-type plants in the presence of auxin. By contrast, transgenic plants overexpressing AREP1 showed enhanced growth of the primary root under auxin treatment. Additionally, rootmorphology, including lateral root number and adventitious roots, differed greatly between transgenic and wildtype plants. Further analysis indicated that the expression of auxin-responsive genes, such as IAA3, IAA7, IAA17, GH3.2, GH3.3, and SAUR-AC1, was significantly higher in AREP1 RNAi plants, and was slightly lower in AREP1 overexpressing plants than in wildtype plants. These results suggest that the novel endogenous peptide AREP1 plays an important role in the process of auxinmediated root development.
