Background: The construction of useful and attainable indicators of fitness assessment deserves special attention in clinical practice. We aimed to construct an indicator of the functional fitness age(FFA) of women ag...Background: The construction of useful and attainable indicators of fitness assessment deserves special attention in clinical practice. We aimed to construct an indicator of the functional fitness age(FFA) of women aged 50 and older by an equation using fitness outcomes and its correlation with chronological age(CA) and to analyze the external validity of our results by comparing our sample to others.Methods: Participants(n=459, age: 70.3 ± 7.9 years, mean ± SD) were evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test battery. We applied a multiple regression and a subsequent Holt's exponential smoothing to analyze the outcomes.Results: We obtained a statistically significant expression of F(6, 452) = 328.384; p < 0.0005 in which the coefficients of the equation explain81% of variability(R_(corrected)~2 = 0.813). The equation correlates fitness assessment in women aged 50 and over with regards to CA:FFA = 40.146 + 0.350 X CS(stand)-0.714 X AC(rep)-0.110 X ST(step)-0.177 X CSR(cm)-0.101 X BS(cm) + 8.835 X FUG(s) where CS means chair stand test, AC. means arm curl test, ST means 2-min step test, CSR means chair sit-and-reach test, BS means back scratch test, FUG means 8-foot up-and-go test. We compared this index with percentiles distribution from our sample and from other studies.Conclusion: We suggest the use of FFA as a valid indicator of fitness in adult and senior women as well as a useful motivational tool to undertake exercise programs.展开更多
Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the mediation role of cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)on the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk scores(CMRs)in European adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional stu...Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the mediation role of cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)on the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk scores(CMRs)in European adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in adolescents(n=525;46%boys;14.1±1.1 years old,mean ±SD)from 10 European cities involved in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study.CRF was measured by means of the shuttle run test,while fatness measures included body mass index(BMI),waist to height ratio,and fat mass index estimated from skinfold thicknesses.A clustered CMRs was computed by summing the standardized values of homeostasis model assessment,systolic blood pressure,triglycerides,total cholesterol/highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,and leptin.Results:Linear regression models indicated that CRF acted as an important and partial mediator in the association between fatness and CMRs in 1217-year-old adolescents(for BMI:coefficients of the indirect role b=0.058(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.023-0.101),Sobel test z=3.11(10.0%mediation);for waist to height ratio:b=4.279(95%CI:2.242-7.059),z=3.86(11.5%mediation);and for fat mass index:b=0.060(95%CI:0.020-0.106),z=2.85(9.4%mediation);all p<0.01).Conclusion:In adolescents,the association between fatness and CMRs could be partially decreased with improvements to fitness levels;therefore,CRF contribution both in the clinical field and public health could be important to consider and promote in adolescents independently of their fatness levels.展开更多
With the recent decision by the International Olympic Committee to include rock climbing in the 2020 Olympic Games, climbers and coaches are seeking information to enhance training methods and improve performance. The...With the recent decision by the International Olympic Committee to include rock climbing in the 2020 Olympic Games, climbers and coaches are seeking information to enhance training methods and improve performance. The purpose of this study was two-fold:(1) to evaluate climbing-specific fitness and establish percentile rankings among youth climbers;and (2) determine the relationship between fitness and climbing performance. Anthropometrics, fitness, and performance on three indoor bouldering problems ranging in difficulty from V0-V8 were assessed in 64 youth climbers (35 girls, 29 boys) aged 7-17 from the United States. Data are reported by age groups (7-11;12-17 y) and gender. Percentile rankings of fitness scores were computed for girls and boys separately. Analysis of variance was used to compare fitness by age groups and by gender. Regression analysis evaluated the association between climbing performance and fitness. Fitness scores were generally higher among boys than girls, and older vs. younger climbers. Multivariable linear regression revealed that, after adjusting for age, gender, and anthropometrics, fitness variables explained 49% of the variance in performance. Climbing-specific fitness measures previously established on adults are associated with bouldering performance in youth climbers, and therefore may be useful for monitoring progress in training.展开更多
Purpose： This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet...Purpose： This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet fitness standards. Methods： We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 171,991 children and adolescents （boy： 50.0%, Grades 1-12） who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China--The Youth Study. The main outcomes were fitness measures, assessed by the 2014 revised Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard （CNSPFS）, covering areas of aerobic capacity, upper body strength, flexibility, body mass index, abdominal strength, and trunk strength. Children＇s overall physical fitness performance was categorized, per CNSPFS standards, as excellent, good, pass, or no pass. Data on the prevalence of physical fitness categories and not meeting fitness standards （i.e., among children who received a ＂no pass＂ mark） were analyzed, through logistic regression, by sex （boy, girl） and residence locales （urban, rural） across 3 school grades （primary, junior middle, and junior high）. Results： In 2016, 5.95% of Chinese children and adolescents achieved an ＂excellent＂ mark, 25.80% received a ＂good＂ rating, 59.90% received a ＂pass＂, and 8.35% received a ＂no pass＂. Overall, boys were more likely to not pass the fitness standards compared with girls （adjusted odds ratio （aOR） = 1.710; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.708-1.712） and children living in urban areas were more likely to not pass the standards than those living in rural areas （aOR = 1.298; 95%CI： 1.296-1.299）. Consistent patterns of not meeting fitness standards were also found by sex and residence locales across all 3 school grades. Conclusion： In the Chinese school-aged population, about 3 in 10 children achieved an ＂excellent＂ or ＂good＂ fitness standard in 2016, and about 8% of this population did not meet CNSPFS standards. Children living in urban areas were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels, and boys in school were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels than girls. 2017 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.展开更多
Purpose: This study was to present national estimates of participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and adherence to the recommendations of 60 min/day of MVPA among Chinese school-aged children and ...Purpose: This study was to present national estimates of participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and adherence to the recommendations of 60 min/day of MVPA among Chinese school-aged children and to assess demographic differences in MVPA.Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of data from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study. Participants were 90,712 primary, junior middle, and junior high school children(boy: 47%; girl: 53%), recruited from 1204 rural and urban schools across 32 administrative provinces and regions in the Mainland of China. Main outcomes were(a) average MVPA minutes per day in the previous 7 days by self-reports and(b) percentage meeting MVPA recommendations.Results: Average MVPA time was 45.4 min/day, with boys having more MVPA(47.2 min/day) than girls(43.7 min/day) overall and across the 3 school grade categories. About 30% of participants met MVPA recommendations, with a higher percentage of boys(32%) than girls(28%) overall and across the 3 grades categories. Urban school children outperformed rural children in terms of MVPA time. Overall, boys were more likely to meet MVPA recommendations(adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.16–1.22) compared with girls; children in higher grades(junior middle(a OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87–0.98) and junior high(a OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.53–0.66)) were less likely to meet recommendations compared with primary school children. The odds of meeting recommendations did not differ between urban and rural children(p = 0.07),but urban boys were found to be more likely to meet recommendations compared with rural boys(a OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.06–1.19).Conclusion: Overall, the average MVPA minutes per day among Chinese school-aged children is low, and less than one-third of them meet MVPA recommendations. These results were most evident among junior middle and junior high school children and those living rural areas.展开更多
Purpose This study aimed to describe the national prevalence of Chinese children and adolescents who met the World Health Organization muscle-strengthening exercise(MSE)recommendations and identify correlates of meeti...Purpose This study aimed to describe the national prevalence of Chinese children and adolescents who met the World Health Organization muscle-strengthening exercise(MSE)recommendations and identify correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations.Methods Cross-sectional data from the 2019 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study,a nationally representative sample of Chinese children and adolescents(n=80,413;mean age=13.7 years;53.9%girls)and their parents,were analyzed.Children and adolescents who reported engaging≥3 days(up to 7 days)of MSE per week were classified as meeting the MSE recommendations.MSE,demographics,lifestyle behaviors(sport participation,moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,screen time,and sleep duration),exercise intention,peer and parental support,and parental MSE participation were assessed through self-reports.Logistic regression models were used to determine the correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations.The analyses were completed in 2020.Results Overall,39.3%of children and adolescents met the MSE recommendations.Girls,10th-12th graders,minorities,those from lower income households and those from families with lower parental education were less likely to meet the MSE recommendations.Children and adolescents who were proficient in≥2 sports were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.44,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26-1.65),as were those with more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(aOR=1.57,95%CI:1.53-1.61).Additionally,children and adolescents with high exercise intention(aOR=1.60,95%CI:1.51-1.69),those whose parents met the adult MSE recommendations(aOR=1.46,95%CI:1.40-1.52),and those who received high peer(aOR=1.27,95%CI:1.20-1.34)and parental support(aOR=1.07,95%CI:1.04-1.12)were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations.Conclusion Less than two-fifths of Chinese children and adolescents met the World Health Organization MSE recommendations.The correlates identified in our study can help inform the development of school and community based strategies and policies to enhance participation in MSE and improve muscular fitness of all Chinese children and adolescents.展开更多
Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the associations of objectively measured physical activity(PA),sedentary time,and physical fitness with mental health in the early second trimester(16§2 gestational weeks)o...Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the associations of objectively measured physical activity(PA),sedentary time,and physical fitness with mental health in the early second trimester(16§2 gestational weeks)of pregnancy.Methods:From 229 women initially contacted,124 pregnant women participated in the present cross-sectional study.Data were collected between November 2015 and March 2017.The participants wore Actigraph GT3X+Triaxial accelerometers for 9 consecutive days to objectively measure their PA levels and sedentary time.A performance-based test battery was used to measure physical fitness.Self-report questionnaires assessed psychological ill-being(i.e.,negative affect,anxiety,and depression),and psychological well-being(i.e.,emotional intelligence,resilience,and positive affect).Linear regression analyses were adjusted for age,educational level,accelerometer wear time,miscarriages,and low back pain.Results:Moderate-to-vigorous PA was negatively associated with depression(b=0.222,adjusted R2=0.050,p=0.041).Higher levels of sedentary time were negatively associated with positive affect(b=0.260,adjusted R2=0.085,p=0.017).Greater upper-body flexibility was positively associated with better emotional regulation(b=0.195,adjusted R2=0.030,p=0.047).The remaining associations were not significant(all p>0.05).Conclusion:An active lifestyle characterized by higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA and lower levels of sedentary time during pregnancy might modestly improve the mental health of pregnant women.Although previous research has focused on the benefits of cardiorespiratory exercise,the present study shows that only upper-body flexibility is related to emotional regulation in early pregnant women.If the present findings are corroborated in further experimental research,physical exercise programs should focus on enhancing flexibility to promote improvements in emotional regulation during early second-trimester of pregnancy.展开更多
The present study aimed to identify risk factors among older adult drivers from realistic data in order to stimulate the development of appropriate safety measures in the future.For this purpose,N=400 archived case fi...The present study aimed to identify risk factors among older adult drivers from realistic data in order to stimulate the development of appropriate safety measures in the future.For this purpose,N=400 archived case files from the driving authority in Dresden(Germany),were systematically analysed.The risk criterion was the outcome of the fitness to drive(FTD)assessment required by the authority.The results show that there are several significant risk factors(aged over 80,dementia,multi-morbidity and involvement into complex accidents)that can serve as cues for being unfit to drive.The practical measures for enhancing traffic safety are discussed.展开更多
Physical activity represents a fundamental pillar of healthy living and serves as a critical determinant of population health outcomes.The World Health Organization(WHO)identifies physical inactivity as the fourth lea...Physical activity represents a fundamental pillar of healthy living and serves as a critical determinant of population health outcomes.The World Health Organization(WHO)identifies physical inactivity as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality,accounting for approximately 3.2 million deaths annually(1).Recognizing this significant public health challenge,nations worldwide have implemented comprehensive strategies to promote physical fitness among their populations.China formally established“National Fitness Day”in 2009,designating August 8 as an annual nationwide initiative dedicated to encouraging physical activity participation.This landmark decision not only commemorates the legacy of the 2008 Beijing Olympics but also signifies a strategic shift from prioritizing elite athletic performance toward fostering widespread community engagement in sports and fitness activities.展开更多
In the study on the time-space variations of a local magnetic field of the earth’s surface, the method of fitting a function is often used. In application, the choice of the fitting function is of primary importance ...In the study on the time-space variations of a local magnetic field of the earth’s surface, the method of fitting a function is often used. In application, the choice of the fitting function is of primary importance and the accuracy of fitting and stability of solution are two basic requirements. The mutual consistency of solutions of various geomanetic components should be considered in the fitting problems.展开更多
To improve the goodness of fitting 57Fe M?ssbauer spectra of ferromagnetic amorphous alloys, two problems should be resolved:（ⅰ）How to analyse the asymmetry of peak amplitudes and peak widths in the spectrum about ...To improve the goodness of fitting 57Fe M?ssbauer spectra of ferromagnetic amorphous alloys, two problems should be resolved:（ⅰ）How to analyse the asymmetry of peak amplitudes and peak widths in the spectrum about the spectrum centre; （ⅱ） how to correct the parameters concerned, e. g. the peak area ratio and peak widths in basic subspectra and the average isomer shift, in fitting spectra with the Hesse method or the Window method. In the present note the asym-展开更多
背景:研究发现,运动能通过多个层面信号通路调节自噬,在维持细胞稳态、改善代谢、延缓衰老以及预防疾病等方面都起到关键作用。目的:系统整合运动调控自噬的分子机制,分析它们在不同生理系统中的病理生理作用。方法:通过检索Web of Scie...背景:研究发现,运动能通过多个层面信号通路调节自噬,在维持细胞稳态、改善代谢、延缓衰老以及预防疾病等方面都起到关键作用。目的:系统整合运动调控自噬的分子机制,分析它们在不同生理系统中的病理生理作用。方法:通过检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方、维普数据库中的相关文献,中文检索词为“运动,线粒体自噬,自噬,AMPK/mTOR通路,氧化应激,Nrf2/Beclin1通路,LC3,ULK1,Beclin1,p62”,英文检索词为“Exercise,Autophagy,Mitophagy,Lipophagy,AMPK/mTOR pathway,Oxidative stress,Nrf2/Beclin1 pathway,LC3,ULK1,Beclin1,p62”,根据纳入及排除标准筛选后,对92篇高质量文献进行系统性综述,聚焦分子机制及多系统作用。结果与结论:运动通过腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶磷酸化Unc-51样激酶1、抑制雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1激活自噬,并依赖贝克林1-Ⅲ型磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶复合物促进自噬体成核过程,调节微管相关蛋白轻链3脂化与自噬相关基因5-自噬相关基因12复合物介导自噬体延伸。氧化应激通过核因子E2相关因子2-自噬相关基因1通路形成“抗氧化-自噬”调控网络,促进线粒体自噬过程,从而清除受损的细胞器。运动通过自噬途径降解肝脏多余的脂质,线粒体自噬增强胰岛素敏感性,从而减轻非酒精性脂肪肝及糖尿病疾病的进展。线粒体自噬清除缺血性心肌损伤细胞内功能失调的线粒体,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,改善心力衰竭及动脉粥样硬化等病理状态。自噬清除阿尔茨海默病相关β-淀粉样蛋白及帕金森病相关α-突触核蛋白,通过提高神经元活性和突触可塑性延缓神经退行性疾病的进展。抗阻运动通过调控胰岛素样生长因子1/雷帕霉素靶蛋白通路平衡蛋白质降解,促进肌肉修复;自噬可通过激活Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路增强成骨细胞分化能力,维持骨骼稳态。运动通过多层次分子网络调节自噬,在多种生理系统中发挥适应性重塑作用。虽然已有大量研究揭示了运动与自噬的关系,但时空特异性作用机制及不同运动模式的精准调控机制仍需进一步研究。展开更多
[目的]探讨母体运动能否降低肥胖小鼠成年子代对脑缺血再灌注损伤的敏感性。[方法]雌性C57BL/6J小鼠从5周龄开始喂食正常饮食(NCD,10%脂肪含量饲料)或高脂饮食(HFD,60%脂肪含量饲料)。8周后,雌鼠随机分为正常饮食安静组(NCD-SED)、正常...[目的]探讨母体运动能否降低肥胖小鼠成年子代对脑缺血再灌注损伤的敏感性。[方法]雌性C57BL/6J小鼠从5周龄开始喂食正常饮食(NCD,10%脂肪含量饲料)或高脂饮食(HFD,60%脂肪含量饲料)。8周后,雌鼠随机分为正常饮食安静组(NCD-SED)、正常饮食运动组(NCD-EX)、高脂饮食安静组(HFD-SED)和高脂饮食运动组(HFD-EX)。运动组进行无负重游泳训练,水温32~34℃,水深20 cm, 60 min/天,6天/周。经过4周的运动干预后,将雌鼠与正常饮食雄鼠按2∶1比例进行合笼交配。以见阴道栓且阴道涂片见精子确定为妊娠第1天(GD1)。进入妊娠期后,运动组母鼠继续接受运动干预,方案调整为45 min/天,5天/周。监测并评估母鼠孕前体重、体脂、葡萄糖耐量和胎鼠体重、体长、胎盘效率等生理指标;同时选取子代3月龄小鼠为研究对象,建立小鼠大脑中动脉短暂性缺血再灌注(tMCAO/R)损伤模型,观察脑梗死面积。[结果](1)HFD-SED组母鼠孕前体重、体脂和葡萄糖耐量曲线下面积显著高于NCD-SED组母鼠(P<0.01),而HFD-EX组母鼠显著低于HFD-SED组(P<0.05)。(2)HFD-SED组孕期体重始终高于NCD-SED组(P<0.05);GD15~GD18期间HFD-EX组的体重显著低于HFD-SED组(P<0.05);各组孕鼠产仔数差异无显著性。(3)各组胎鼠体长差异无显著性(P>0.05)。HFD-SED组胎鼠体重与胎盘重量显著高于NCD-SED组(P<0.01),且胎盘效率显著低于NCD-SED组(P<0.01);而HFD-EX组胎鼠体重和胎盘重量较HFD-SED组显著降低,胎盘效率显著升高(P<0.01)。(4)HFD-SED组3月龄雌、雄子代体重和体脂均显著高于NCD-SED组,而HFD-EX组体重和体脂较HFD-SED组显著下降(P<0.05)。(5)与NCD-SED组相比,HFD-SED组子代因tMCAO/R损伤引起的脑梗死面积显著增加(P<0.05),而母体运动使HFD-EX组子代的脑梗死面积显著减少(P<0.05)。[结论]母体有氧运动能够改善高脂饮食母鼠所致的胎鼠过度生长、成年子代体重和体脂增加等不良影响,并降低成年子代对脑缺血再灌注损伤的易感性。展开更多
背景:近些年来,伴随研究体系的不断成熟,代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病在传统非酒精性脂肪性肝病一类中独立出来,其代谢紊乱背景和异质性疾病进展模式更新了学界对该类疾病的研究理解,而关于该类疾病的共性发生机制与个体间病理差异的关...背景:近些年来,伴随研究体系的不断成熟,代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病在传统非酒精性脂肪性肝病一类中独立出来,其代谢紊乱背景和异质性疾病进展模式更新了学界对该类疾病的研究理解,而关于该类疾病的共性发生机制与个体间病理差异的关联还需通过系统研究进行深入阐释。目的:综述代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病病理机制中普遍存在的共性通路(如胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激),深入探讨其异质性调控网络(如遗传变异、脂肪组织功能障碍),以此剖析两者的交互作用关系。方法:系统检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、中国知网、万方和维普等数据库的中英文文献,文献检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年6月发表的相关文献,聚焦代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的代谢紊乱共性机制、遗传/微环境异质性途径及临床表型分型,梳理领域相关文献并整合研究证据。结果与结论:代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的病理机制围绕“共通路异质性调控动态相互作用”的核心展开。在常见的途径中,胰岛素抵抗是核心环节,它激活肝脏中新脂肪的产生、抑制脂肪酸氧化,并共同导致肝细胞中异常脂质沉积;激活核因子κB炎症通路加剧肝细胞损伤,上调转化生长因子β通路促进肝纤维化。氧化应激和氧化还原失衡、脂肪酸过度积累的协同作用会损害线粒体功能,增加活性氧的产生,破坏细胞结构,而失衡状态(如β-羟基丁酸酯/乙酰乙酸酯比值异常)会进一步加剧损伤并促进代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的进展。在异质性调节方面,PNPLA3 I148M抑制甘油三酯水解,TM6SF2 E167K减少极低密度脂蛋白前体分泌,独立驱动代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病、肝纤维化和癌症的风险;脂肪组织功能异常是瘦型代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的关键,导致异位脂肪沉积和脂联素水平降低;在3种代谢亚型中,A型心血管风险较低,而B/C型肝纤维化进展迅速。因此,遗传、代谢和环境之间的动态相互作用会影响疾病的发展轨迹,基于代谢亚型和遗传代谢风险评分的差异化干预可以为代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的精确风险分层和个性化治疗提供理论支持。展开更多
基金the Institut Municipal d'Activitats Esportives (IMAE)the Lleida City Council+1 种基金the Universidad Santo Tomas Aquino of Colombiathe National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC) for their support
文摘Background: The construction of useful and attainable indicators of fitness assessment deserves special attention in clinical practice. We aimed to construct an indicator of the functional fitness age(FFA) of women aged 50 and older by an equation using fitness outcomes and its correlation with chronological age(CA) and to analyze the external validity of our results by comparing our sample to others.Methods: Participants(n=459, age: 70.3 ± 7.9 years, mean ± SD) were evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test battery. We applied a multiple regression and a subsequent Holt's exponential smoothing to analyze the outcomes.Results: We obtained a statistically significant expression of F(6, 452) = 328.384; p < 0.0005 in which the coefficients of the equation explain81% of variability(R_(corrected)~2 = 0.813). The equation correlates fitness assessment in women aged 50 and over with regards to CA:FFA = 40.146 + 0.350 X CS(stand)-0.714 X AC(rep)-0.110 X ST(step)-0.177 X CSR(cm)-0.101 X BS(cm) + 8.835 X FUG(s) where CS means chair stand test, AC. means arm curl test, ST means 2-min step test, CSR means chair sit-and-reach test, BS means back scratch test, FUG means 8-foot up-and-go test. We compared this index with percentiles distribution from our sample and from other studies.Conclusion: We suggest the use of FFA as a valid indicator of fitness in adult and senior women as well as a useful motivational tool to undertake exercise programs.
文摘Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the mediation role of cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)on the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk scores(CMRs)in European adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in adolescents(n=525;46%boys;14.1±1.1 years old,mean ±SD)from 10 European cities involved in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study.CRF was measured by means of the shuttle run test,while fatness measures included body mass index(BMI),waist to height ratio,and fat mass index estimated from skinfold thicknesses.A clustered CMRs was computed by summing the standardized values of homeostasis model assessment,systolic blood pressure,triglycerides,total cholesterol/highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,and leptin.Results:Linear regression models indicated that CRF acted as an important and partial mediator in the association between fatness and CMRs in 1217-year-old adolescents(for BMI:coefficients of the indirect role b=0.058(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.023-0.101),Sobel test z=3.11(10.0%mediation);for waist to height ratio:b=4.279(95%CI:2.242-7.059),z=3.86(11.5%mediation);and for fat mass index:b=0.060(95%CI:0.020-0.106),z=2.85(9.4%mediation);all p<0.01).Conclusion:In adolescents,the association between fatness and CMRs could be partially decreased with improvements to fitness levels;therefore,CRF contribution both in the clinical field and public health could be important to consider and promote in adolescents independently of their fatness levels.
文摘With the recent decision by the International Olympic Committee to include rock climbing in the 2020 Olympic Games, climbers and coaches are seeking information to enhance training methods and improve performance. The purpose of this study was two-fold:(1) to evaluate climbing-specific fitness and establish percentile rankings among youth climbers;and (2) determine the relationship between fitness and climbing performance. Anthropometrics, fitness, and performance on three indoor bouldering problems ranging in difficulty from V0-V8 were assessed in 64 youth climbers (35 girls, 29 boys) aged 7-17 from the United States. Data are reported by age groups (7-11;12-17 y) and gender. Percentile rankings of fitness scores were computed for girls and boys separately. Analysis of variance was used to compare fitness by age groups and by gender. Regression analysis evaluated the association between climbing performance and fitness. Fitness scores were generally higher among boys than girls, and older vs. younger climbers. Multivariable linear regression revealed that, after adjusting for age, gender, and anthropometrics, fitness variables explained 49% of the variance in performance. Climbing-specific fitness measures previously established on adults are associated with bouldering performance in youth climbers, and therefore may be useful for monitoring progress in training.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 16ZDA227)
文摘Purpose： This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet fitness standards. Methods： We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 171,991 children and adolescents （boy： 50.0%, Grades 1-12） who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China--The Youth Study. The main outcomes were fitness measures, assessed by the 2014 revised Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard （CNSPFS）, covering areas of aerobic capacity, upper body strength, flexibility, body mass index, abdominal strength, and trunk strength. Children＇s overall physical fitness performance was categorized, per CNSPFS standards, as excellent, good, pass, or no pass. Data on the prevalence of physical fitness categories and not meeting fitness standards （i.e., among children who received a ＂no pass＂ mark） were analyzed, through logistic regression, by sex （boy, girl） and residence locales （urban, rural） across 3 school grades （primary, junior middle, and junior high）. Results： In 2016, 5.95% of Chinese children and adolescents achieved an ＂excellent＂ mark, 25.80% received a ＂good＂ rating, 59.90% received a ＂pass＂, and 8.35% received a ＂no pass＂. Overall, boys were more likely to not pass the fitness standards compared with girls （adjusted odds ratio （aOR） = 1.710; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.708-1.712） and children living in urban areas were more likely to not pass the standards than those living in rural areas （aOR = 1.298; 95%CI： 1.296-1.299）. Consistent patterns of not meeting fitness standards were also found by sex and residence locales across all 3 school grades. Conclusion： In the Chinese school-aged population, about 3 in 10 children achieved an ＂excellent＂ or ＂good＂ fitness standard in 2016, and about 8% of this population did not meet CNSPFS standards. Children living in urban areas were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels, and boys in school were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels than girls. 2017 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.
基金supported in part by the Key Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.16ZDA227 and No.16CTY012)a grant from the Research Program of School Physical Education of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.HJTY-2016-D31)+2 种基金a grant from the Program for Professors of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(No.TP2014057)Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(No.2015ETY001)Shanghai Pu Jiang Talents Program(No.15PJC065).
文摘Purpose: This study was to present national estimates of participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and adherence to the recommendations of 60 min/day of MVPA among Chinese school-aged children and to assess demographic differences in MVPA.Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of data from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study. Participants were 90,712 primary, junior middle, and junior high school children(boy: 47%; girl: 53%), recruited from 1204 rural and urban schools across 32 administrative provinces and regions in the Mainland of China. Main outcomes were(a) average MVPA minutes per day in the previous 7 days by self-reports and(b) percentage meeting MVPA recommendations.Results: Average MVPA time was 45.4 min/day, with boys having more MVPA(47.2 min/day) than girls(43.7 min/day) overall and across the 3 school grade categories. About 30% of participants met MVPA recommendations, with a higher percentage of boys(32%) than girls(28%) overall and across the 3 grades categories. Urban school children outperformed rural children in terms of MVPA time. Overall, boys were more likely to meet MVPA recommendations(adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.16–1.22) compared with girls; children in higher grades(junior middle(a OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87–0.98) and junior high(a OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.53–0.66)) were less likely to meet recommendations compared with primary school children. The odds of meeting recommendations did not differ between urban and rural children(p = 0.07),but urban boys were found to be more likely to meet recommendations compared with rural boys(a OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.06–1.19).Conclusion: Overall, the average MVPA minutes per day among Chinese school-aged children is low, and less than one-third of them meet MVPA recommendations. These results were most evident among junior middle and junior high school children and those living rural areas.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China (No.18ATY008)
文摘Purpose This study aimed to describe the national prevalence of Chinese children and adolescents who met the World Health Organization muscle-strengthening exercise(MSE)recommendations and identify correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations.Methods Cross-sectional data from the 2019 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study,a nationally representative sample of Chinese children and adolescents(n=80,413;mean age=13.7 years;53.9%girls)and their parents,were analyzed.Children and adolescents who reported engaging≥3 days(up to 7 days)of MSE per week were classified as meeting the MSE recommendations.MSE,demographics,lifestyle behaviors(sport participation,moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,screen time,and sleep duration),exercise intention,peer and parental support,and parental MSE participation were assessed through self-reports.Logistic regression models were used to determine the correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations.The analyses were completed in 2020.Results Overall,39.3%of children and adolescents met the MSE recommendations.Girls,10th-12th graders,minorities,those from lower income households and those from families with lower parental education were less likely to meet the MSE recommendations.Children and adolescents who were proficient in≥2 sports were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.44,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26-1.65),as were those with more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(aOR=1.57,95%CI:1.53-1.61).Additionally,children and adolescents with high exercise intention(aOR=1.60,95%CI:1.51-1.69),those whose parents met the adult MSE recommendations(aOR=1.46,95%CI:1.40-1.52),and those who received high peer(aOR=1.27,95%CI:1.20-1.34)and parental support(aOR=1.07,95%CI:1.04-1.12)were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations.Conclusion Less than two-fifths of Chinese children and adolescents met the World Health Organization MSE recommendations.The correlates identified in our study can help inform the development of school and community based strategies and policies to enhance participation in MSE and improve muscular fitness of all Chinese children and adolescents.
文摘Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the associations of objectively measured physical activity(PA),sedentary time,and physical fitness with mental health in the early second trimester(16§2 gestational weeks)of pregnancy.Methods:From 229 women initially contacted,124 pregnant women participated in the present cross-sectional study.Data were collected between November 2015 and March 2017.The participants wore Actigraph GT3X+Triaxial accelerometers for 9 consecutive days to objectively measure their PA levels and sedentary time.A performance-based test battery was used to measure physical fitness.Self-report questionnaires assessed psychological ill-being(i.e.,negative affect,anxiety,and depression),and psychological well-being(i.e.,emotional intelligence,resilience,and positive affect).Linear regression analyses were adjusted for age,educational level,accelerometer wear time,miscarriages,and low back pain.Results:Moderate-to-vigorous PA was negatively associated with depression(b=0.222,adjusted R2=0.050,p=0.041).Higher levels of sedentary time were negatively associated with positive affect(b=0.260,adjusted R2=0.085,p=0.017).Greater upper-body flexibility was positively associated with better emotional regulation(b=0.195,adjusted R2=0.030,p=0.047).The remaining associations were not significant(all p>0.05).Conclusion:An active lifestyle characterized by higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA and lower levels of sedentary time during pregnancy might modestly improve the mental health of pregnant women.Although previous research has focused on the benefits of cardiorespiratory exercise,the present study shows that only upper-body flexibility is related to emotional regulation in early pregnant women.If the present findings are corroborated in further experimental research,physical exercise programs should focus on enhancing flexibility to promote improvements in emotional regulation during early second-trimester of pregnancy.
文摘The present study aimed to identify risk factors among older adult drivers from realistic data in order to stimulate the development of appropriate safety measures in the future.For this purpose,N=400 archived case files from the driving authority in Dresden(Germany),were systematically analysed.The risk criterion was the outcome of the fitness to drive(FTD)assessment required by the authority.The results show that there are several significant risk factors(aged over 80,dementia,multi-morbidity and involvement into complex accidents)that can serve as cues for being unfit to drive.The practical measures for enhancing traffic safety are discussed.
文摘Physical activity represents a fundamental pillar of healthy living and serves as a critical determinant of population health outcomes.The World Health Organization(WHO)identifies physical inactivity as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality,accounting for approximately 3.2 million deaths annually(1).Recognizing this significant public health challenge,nations worldwide have implemented comprehensive strategies to promote physical fitness among their populations.China formally established“National Fitness Day”in 2009,designating August 8 as an annual nationwide initiative dedicated to encouraging physical activity participation.This landmark decision not only commemorates the legacy of the 2008 Beijing Olympics but also signifies a strategic shift from prioritizing elite athletic performance toward fostering widespread community engagement in sports and fitness activities.
文摘In the study on the time-space variations of a local magnetic field of the earth’s surface, the method of fitting a function is often used. In application, the choice of the fitting function is of primary importance and the accuracy of fitting and stability of solution are two basic requirements. The mutual consistency of solutions of various geomanetic components should be considered in the fitting problems.
文摘To improve the goodness of fitting 57Fe M?ssbauer spectra of ferromagnetic amorphous alloys, two problems should be resolved:（ⅰ）How to analyse the asymmetry of peak amplitudes and peak widths in the spectrum about the spectrum centre; （ⅱ） how to correct the parameters concerned, e. g. the peak area ratio and peak widths in basic subspectra and the average isomer shift, in fitting spectra with the Hesse method or the Window method. In the present note the asym-
文摘[目的]探讨母体运动能否降低肥胖小鼠成年子代对脑缺血再灌注损伤的敏感性。[方法]雌性C57BL/6J小鼠从5周龄开始喂食正常饮食(NCD,10%脂肪含量饲料)或高脂饮食(HFD,60%脂肪含量饲料)。8周后,雌鼠随机分为正常饮食安静组(NCD-SED)、正常饮食运动组(NCD-EX)、高脂饮食安静组(HFD-SED)和高脂饮食运动组(HFD-EX)。运动组进行无负重游泳训练,水温32~34℃,水深20 cm, 60 min/天,6天/周。经过4周的运动干预后,将雌鼠与正常饮食雄鼠按2∶1比例进行合笼交配。以见阴道栓且阴道涂片见精子确定为妊娠第1天(GD1)。进入妊娠期后,运动组母鼠继续接受运动干预,方案调整为45 min/天,5天/周。监测并评估母鼠孕前体重、体脂、葡萄糖耐量和胎鼠体重、体长、胎盘效率等生理指标;同时选取子代3月龄小鼠为研究对象,建立小鼠大脑中动脉短暂性缺血再灌注(tMCAO/R)损伤模型,观察脑梗死面积。[结果](1)HFD-SED组母鼠孕前体重、体脂和葡萄糖耐量曲线下面积显著高于NCD-SED组母鼠(P<0.01),而HFD-EX组母鼠显著低于HFD-SED组(P<0.05)。(2)HFD-SED组孕期体重始终高于NCD-SED组(P<0.05);GD15~GD18期间HFD-EX组的体重显著低于HFD-SED组(P<0.05);各组孕鼠产仔数差异无显著性。(3)各组胎鼠体长差异无显著性(P>0.05)。HFD-SED组胎鼠体重与胎盘重量显著高于NCD-SED组(P<0.01),且胎盘效率显著低于NCD-SED组(P<0.01);而HFD-EX组胎鼠体重和胎盘重量较HFD-SED组显著降低,胎盘效率显著升高(P<0.01)。(4)HFD-SED组3月龄雌、雄子代体重和体脂均显著高于NCD-SED组,而HFD-EX组体重和体脂较HFD-SED组显著下降(P<0.05)。(5)与NCD-SED组相比,HFD-SED组子代因tMCAO/R损伤引起的脑梗死面积显著增加(P<0.05),而母体运动使HFD-EX组子代的脑梗死面积显著减少(P<0.05)。[结论]母体有氧运动能够改善高脂饮食母鼠所致的胎鼠过度生长、成年子代体重和体脂增加等不良影响,并降低成年子代对脑缺血再灌注损伤的易感性。
文摘背景:近些年来,伴随研究体系的不断成熟,代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病在传统非酒精性脂肪性肝病一类中独立出来,其代谢紊乱背景和异质性疾病进展模式更新了学界对该类疾病的研究理解,而关于该类疾病的共性发生机制与个体间病理差异的关联还需通过系统研究进行深入阐释。目的:综述代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病病理机制中普遍存在的共性通路(如胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激),深入探讨其异质性调控网络(如遗传变异、脂肪组织功能障碍),以此剖析两者的交互作用关系。方法:系统检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、中国知网、万方和维普等数据库的中英文文献,文献检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年6月发表的相关文献,聚焦代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的代谢紊乱共性机制、遗传/微环境异质性途径及临床表型分型,梳理领域相关文献并整合研究证据。结果与结论:代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的病理机制围绕“共通路异质性调控动态相互作用”的核心展开。在常见的途径中,胰岛素抵抗是核心环节,它激活肝脏中新脂肪的产生、抑制脂肪酸氧化,并共同导致肝细胞中异常脂质沉积;激活核因子κB炎症通路加剧肝细胞损伤,上调转化生长因子β通路促进肝纤维化。氧化应激和氧化还原失衡、脂肪酸过度积累的协同作用会损害线粒体功能,增加活性氧的产生,破坏细胞结构,而失衡状态(如β-羟基丁酸酯/乙酰乙酸酯比值异常)会进一步加剧损伤并促进代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的进展。在异质性调节方面,PNPLA3 I148M抑制甘油三酯水解,TM6SF2 E167K减少极低密度脂蛋白前体分泌,独立驱动代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病、肝纤维化和癌症的风险;脂肪组织功能异常是瘦型代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的关键,导致异位脂肪沉积和脂联素水平降低;在3种代谢亚型中,A型心血管风险较低,而B/C型肝纤维化进展迅速。因此,遗传、代谢和环境之间的动态相互作用会影响疾病的发展轨迹,基于代谢亚型和遗传代谢风险评分的差异化干预可以为代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的精确风险分层和个性化治疗提供理论支持。
