Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） from rats were transfected with Rn-siRNA-caveolin-1 and differentiated into neuron-like cells using fasudil hydrochloride. Membrane ultrastructural changes in MSCs were obse...Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） from rats were transfected with Rn-siRNA-caveolin-1 and differentiated into neuron-like cells using fasudil hydrochloride. Membrane ultrastructural changes in MSCs were observed under atomic force microscopy. Caveolin-l-transfected rat MSCs exhibited weak nuclear refraction, dense caveolae and long finger-like cellular processes prior to fasudil hydrochloride treatment. MSCs differentiating into neuron-like cells exhibited weak nuclear refraction and large cellular processes without caveolae. We hypothesize that caveolin-1 plays an important role in the regulation of bone marrow MSC differentiating into neuron-like cells.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells is a commonly pathological characteristic of various eye diseases, while caspase-3 is an important regulating gene and plays a key role in apoptosis. OBJECTIVE： T...BACKGROUND： Apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells is a commonly pathological characteristic of various eye diseases, while caspase-3 is an important regulating gene and plays a key role in apoptosis. OBJECTIVE： To measure the expression of caspase-3 mRNA in rats with apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells by using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compare with those of the normal rats. DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING： Zhongshan Ophthalmological Center of Sun Yat-sen University. MATERIALS： A total of 36 female SD rats of 50 days old and clean grade and weighing （150±10） g were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Northern Area of Sun Yat-sen University. All rats were randomly divided into normal control group （n =6） and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea （MNU） group （n =30）, and they were observed at 12 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 5 days after model establishment, with 6 rats at each time point. METHODS： The experiment was carried out at Zhongshan Ophthalmological Center, Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology by State Ministry of Education from March to December 2004. Rats in the normal control group were intraperitoneally injected with saline and rats in the MNU group were intraperitoneally injected with 40 mg/kg MNU. And then, retinal photoreceptor injured models were established. At 12 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 5 days after model establishment, the rats were sacrificed for enucleating right eyeballs, isolating retina immediately and extracting total RNA. The expression of caspase-3 mRNA in retina was measured with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression of caspase-3 mRNA in retina of rats in the two groups. RESULTS： A total of 36 SD rats were involved in the final analysis. The expressions of caspase-3 mRNA in the rat retina of both groups at the five time points （12 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 5 days） after model establishment were 1.52×105, 18.35×105, 25.14×105, 29.25×105, 13.72×105 and 12.24×105, respectively. The expression of caspase-3 mRNA in the MNU group increased after 12 hours of intraperitoneal injection, and rose to the top on the 2nd day, which was 19 times as many as that of the normal control group. Then, it decreased gradually and was still 8 times as many as that of the normal control group on the 5th day. CONCLUSION： The expression of caspase-3 mRNA is related to apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells, while caspase-3 plays an important role in occurrence and development of apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells.展开更多
EphB2 affects neuronal cells by altering the dendritic spines. The present study analyzed the neu-roprotective effects of gastrodine by measuring EphB2 expression in rat neural cells cultured in vitro and injured by k...EphB2 affects neuronal cells by altering the dendritic spines. The present study analyzed the neu-roprotective effects of gastrodine by measuring EphB2 expression in rat neural cells cultured in vitro and injured by kainic acid. Gastrodine （12.5, 25, and 50 mg/L） improved morphology in kainic acid-injured neurons, reduced lactate dehydrogenase leakage, decreased neuronal apoptosis, and increased EphB2 expression in neuronal cells. A moderate dose of 25 mg/L gastrodine resulted in the most significant effects. These results suggested that gastrodine suppressed the neurotoxic effects of excitatory amino acids and provided neuroprotection by remodeling neuronal dendritic spines.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Previous studies have reported that statins are less toxic to the human body and have greater antitumor activity; however, few studies have addressed the antitumor effect of statins combined with tumor ne...BACKGROUND： Previous studies have reported that statins are less toxic to the human body and have greater antitumor activity; however, few studies have addressed the antitumor effect of statins combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand （TRAIL）. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of TRAIL combined with mevastatin on the proliferation and apoptotic cell death of a human glioma cell line SWO-38, and to study its mechanism of action. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro control experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of the Third Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, between January and April 2009. MATERIALS： The human SWO-38 cell line was provided by Cell Research, Department of Animal Experimental Center of Sun Yat-sen University; human recombinant soluble TRAIL by R＆D, USA; and mevastatin by Sigma, USA. METHODS： SWO-38 cells were separately incubated in TRAIL （100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 tJg/L） and mevastatin （5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 pmol/L） for 72 hours. In addition, SWO-38 cells were incubated in TRAIL （300 μg/L）, mevastatin （30 μmol/L）, and a solution containing both TRAIL and mevastatin for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cell proliferation was detected using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay; cell apoptosis was observed using Hoechst 33258 staining and fluorescence microscopy and was measured using Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry; TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 protein expressions levels were measured using indirect immunofluorescence staining combined with flow cytometry in the recombinant soluble TRAIL （rsTRAIL, 300 tJg/L）, mevastatin （30 IJmol/L） and combination groups; TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 mRNA expression was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS： rsTRAIL, mevastatin and their combination inhibited tumor proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The proliferation inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate of human SWO-38 cells in the combined group were significantly greater than the rsTRAIL or mevastatin alone group （P 〈 0.01）. TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 protein and mRNA expressions were increased in the combination group compared with mevastatin or rsTRAIL alone after 72 hours （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Both rsTRAIL and mevastatin inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of the human glioma cell line SWO-38, while their combination enhances the anti-tumor effect. The mechanism of action possibly correlates to the upregulation of TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 mRNA expression by mevastatin, thereby enhancing the cell sensitivity to rsTRAIL.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin （PA-MSHA） parenteral injection is used as a broad-spectrum immunomodulator. It remains unclear whether PA-MSHA exhibits inhibitory effects on tumor...BACKGROUND： Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin （PA-MSHA） parenteral injection is used as a broad-spectrum immunomodulator. It remains unclear whether PA-MSHA exhibits inhibitory effects on tumor cell growth. OBJECTIVE： To investigate inhibitory mechanisms of PA-MSHA-induced proliferation in rat C6 glioma cells in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Comparative observation and in vitro experiments were performed at the Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Kunming Medical College, China from July 2008 to April 2009. MATERIALS： Rat C6 glioma cell line （Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China） and PA-MSHA parenteral injection （Beijing Wanteer Bio-Pharmaceutical, China） were used in the present study. METHODS： Rat C6 glioma cells in logarithmic growth phase were harvested in vitro. Adherent monolayer cells were respectively treated with PA-MSHA at final colony-forming units （cfu） of 1 ×10^8 cfu/mL, 2 × 10^8 cfu/mL, 4 × 10^8 cfu/mL, 6 × 10^8 cfu/mL, and 8 ×10^8 cfu/mL following 24 hours of conventional culture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： MTT colorimetric assay was utilized to determine the inhibitory rate of C6 glioma cells following treatment with various concentrations of PA-MSHA at different times. Cell apoptosis was detected by fluorescent microscopy following Hoechst 33258 staining. Flow cytometry was used to measure PA-MSHA effects on C6 cell cycle. RESULTS： Inhibitory rate of C6 glioma cells increased with prolonged time and increased dose. Hoechst 33258 staining revealed obvious morphological changes in apoptotic C6 glioma cells. Flow cytometry revealed hypodiploid peaks, Le., apoptotic peak, and the apoptotic rate in cells during S-phase significantly increased with increased concentrations in the experimental groups. CONCLUSION： With in vitro experiments, PA-MSHA preparations inhibited C6 glioma cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These mechanisms are likely associated with cell apoptosis induction and inhibition of the S phase.展开更多
Animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage were established by injection of autologous blood into the caudate nucleus in rats. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining of the p75 n...Animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage were established by injection of autologous blood into the caudate nucleus in rats. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining of the p75 neurotrophin receptor. p75 neurotrophin receptor protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. p75 neurotrophin receptor mRNA was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. At 24 hours after modeling, cellular apoptosis occured around hematoma with upregulation of p75 neurotrophin receptor protein and mRNA was observed, which directly correlated to apoptosis. This observation indicated that p75 neurotrophin receptor upregulation was associated with cell apoptosis around hematomas after intracerebral hemorrhage.展开更多
Residents aged 55 years or older from 27 communities and two settlements in Xilingol League of Inner Mongolia were selected for participation in an Alzheimer＇s disease epidemiological investigation from June 2008 to ...Residents aged 55 years or older from 27 communities and two settlements in Xilingol League of Inner Mongolia were selected for participation in an Alzheimer＇s disease epidemiological investigation from June 2008 to June 2009, including 3 259 Mongolians and 5 887 Han Chinese. The Mongolian subjects in the Alzheimer＇s disease group were at age of 55 years or older （on average）, and more of them were male, illiterate and/or had a history of coronary artery disease and/or diabetes compared with the Mongolian subjects in the non-Alzheimer＇s disease group. The Han Chinese subjects in the AIzheimer＇s disease group were at age of 55 years or older （on average） and more of them were women, illiterate and/or had a history of coronary artery disease, and less of them had a history of alcohol consumption compared with the non-Alzheimefs disease group. Non-conditional multivariate stepwise logistic regression identified that male gender, increasing age and having a history of diabetes and/or coronary heart disease were associated with higher odds of Alzheimer＇s disease among Mongolians while having an educational background was associated with lower odds （OR = 0.259, 95%C/0.174-0.386）. Among the Han Chinese subjects, male gender, increasing age and having a history of coronary heart disease and/or hypertension was associated with higher odds of Alzheimer＇s disease, while having an educational background was associated lower odds （OR = 0.271, 95%C/0.192-0.381）. The results also indicated that extremely heavy smoking may be a risk factor for Alzheimer＇s disease in Mongolian males aged over 55 years. There was no significant difference in smoking habits between the Mongolian and Han Chinese subjects with Alzheimer＇s disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Carpal tunnel syndrome （CTS） is diagnosed mainly according to clinical symptoms, physical sign and neurodiagnostic laboratory examination. The therapeutic effect of conservative management and surgical ...BACKGROUND： Carpal tunnel syndrome （CTS） is diagnosed mainly according to clinical symptoms, physical sign and neurodiagnostic laboratory examination. The therapeutic effect of conservative management and surgical operation in treating CTS need to be further observed and evaluated. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the clinical characteristics, neurophysiological grade and outcome in patients with CTS. DESIGN： Retrospective case-analysis. SETTING： Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. PARTICIPANTS： Totally 161 patients with suspected CTS from National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore referred to the Neurodiagnostic Laboratory for the confirmatory testing between January and September 2002. The involved patients, 137 male and 24 female, were aged 21 - 85 years. METHODS： ①The condition of diabetes mellitus complicated by abnormal thyroid function was observed.② The effect on predominant hand, and paraesthesia were observed. ③Neuroelectrophysiological studies were performed and the results were graded into mild, moderate and severe CTS according to the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine （AAEM） criteria.④ Conservative management and surgical intervention were followed up 3 months later, and symptoms and physical sign basically disappeared, and function was basically recovered, which indicated that disease condition improved. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ①Condition of CTS complicated by metabolic disease; ②Effects on predominant hand and paraesthesia; ③Electrophysiological grading; ④Prognosis. RESULTS： Totally 161 patients participated in the final analysis. ①Condition of CTS complicated by metabolic disease： Among 161 patients, 17.4% （28/161） were documented to have diabetes mellitus and 7（4.3%） had hypothyroidism. ②Effects on predominant hand and paraesthesia： Dominant hand involvement was present in 134 patients （83.2%） and more than 75% had onset of symptoms in the dominant hand. Sensory symptoms like numbness and paresthesias were the predominant symptoms, accounting for 89.1% （134/161）, this discomfort was felt in all 5 digits of the hand in 47.6%, and lateral three and half digits in 21.4%. The noctural symptoms were present in 30.4% （49/161） patients. ③Electrophysiological typing： The most frequent abnormality was that of the prolonged mid-palm median and ulnar latency difference in 146（54.7%） hands; 103（38.6%） hands had prolonged median motor distal latency. Absent response from thenar muscle was present in 35 （13.1%） hands. Nerve conduction study showed bilateral CTS in 105 （65.2%） patients and unilateral CTS in 56 （34.8%） patients. Sixteen patients with bilateral CTS had symptoms in one hand only. Overall, 36.8% had mild, 49.2 % had moderate and 13.9 % had severe CTS, with median duration of symptoms of 6, 9 and 14 months, respectively. ④Delay in diagnosis： 37（22.9%） patients delayed in diagnosis from 1-4 months, 16（43.2%） were misdiagnosed as cervical spondylosis; 6（16.2%） were ignored due to their condition by busy work; 15（40.5%） were unware of their symptoms. ⑤Prognosis： Follow up data was available for only 72.7% （117/161） patients. Conservative management was conducted in 73.5% （86/117）. Clinical symptoms were resolved or improved in 65.1% （56/86） patients with 17 mild CTS, 29 moderate CTS, and 10 severe CTS. 26.5% （31/117） patients underwent surgery for CTS release, and clinical symptoms were improved in 12（38.7%） with moderate CTS and 2 （6.5%） with severe CTS at 3 months of follow up. CONCLUSION： ①Sensory symptoms in CTS are more in severe and common in dominant hand. ②Conservative management showed resolution or improvement for mild and moderate CTS. Surgical intervention shows either resolution or improvement in clinical symptoms in moderate CTS. ③The common reasons for delay in diagnosis were due to misdiagnosis as cervical spondylosis and lack of awareness of the condition.④Assessment on severity of CTS by electrophysiological grade is of important significance for determining therapeutic mean.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30770758the Natural Science Research Program of Henan Provincial Department of Education, No. 2008A320032
文摘Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） from rats were transfected with Rn-siRNA-caveolin-1 and differentiated into neuron-like cells using fasudil hydrochloride. Membrane ultrastructural changes in MSCs were observed under atomic force microscopy. Caveolin-l-transfected rat MSCs exhibited weak nuclear refraction, dense caveolae and long finger-like cellular processes prior to fasudil hydrochloride treatment. MSCs differentiating into neuron-like cells exhibited weak nuclear refraction and large cellular processes without caveolae. We hypothesize that caveolin-1 plays an important role in the regulation of bone marrow MSC differentiating into neuron-like cells.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30300467
文摘BACKGROUND： Apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells is a commonly pathological characteristic of various eye diseases, while caspase-3 is an important regulating gene and plays a key role in apoptosis. OBJECTIVE： To measure the expression of caspase-3 mRNA in rats with apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells by using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compare with those of the normal rats. DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING： Zhongshan Ophthalmological Center of Sun Yat-sen University. MATERIALS： A total of 36 female SD rats of 50 days old and clean grade and weighing （150±10） g were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Northern Area of Sun Yat-sen University. All rats were randomly divided into normal control group （n =6） and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea （MNU） group （n =30）, and they were observed at 12 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 5 days after model establishment, with 6 rats at each time point. METHODS： The experiment was carried out at Zhongshan Ophthalmological Center, Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology by State Ministry of Education from March to December 2004. Rats in the normal control group were intraperitoneally injected with saline and rats in the MNU group were intraperitoneally injected with 40 mg/kg MNU. And then, retinal photoreceptor injured models were established. At 12 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 5 days after model establishment, the rats were sacrificed for enucleating right eyeballs, isolating retina immediately and extracting total RNA. The expression of caspase-3 mRNA in retina was measured with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression of caspase-3 mRNA in retina of rats in the two groups. RESULTS： A total of 36 SD rats were involved in the final analysis. The expressions of caspase-3 mRNA in the rat retina of both groups at the five time points （12 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 5 days） after model establishment were 1.52×105, 18.35×105, 25.14×105, 29.25×105, 13.72×105 and 12.24×105, respectively. The expression of caspase-3 mRNA in the MNU group increased after 12 hours of intraperitoneal injection, and rose to the top on the 2nd day, which was 19 times as many as that of the normal control group. Then, it decreased gradually and was still 8 times as many as that of the normal control group on the 5th day. CONCLUSION： The expression of caspase-3 mRNA is related to apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells, while caspase-3 plays an important role in occurrence and development of apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells.
文摘EphB2 affects neuronal cells by altering the dendritic spines. The present study analyzed the neu-roprotective effects of gastrodine by measuring EphB2 expression in rat neural cells cultured in vitro and injured by kainic acid. Gastrodine （12.5, 25, and 50 mg/L） improved morphology in kainic acid-injured neurons, reduced lactate dehydrogenase leakage, decreased neuronal apoptosis, and increased EphB2 expression in neuronal cells. A moderate dose of 25 mg/L gastrodine resulted in the most significant effects. These results suggested that gastrodine suppressed the neurotoxic effects of excitatory amino acids and provided neuroprotection by remodeling neuronal dendritic spines.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30772537
文摘BACKGROUND： Previous studies have reported that statins are less toxic to the human body and have greater antitumor activity; however, few studies have addressed the antitumor effect of statins combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand （TRAIL）. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of TRAIL combined with mevastatin on the proliferation and apoptotic cell death of a human glioma cell line SWO-38, and to study its mechanism of action. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro control experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of the Third Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, between January and April 2009. MATERIALS： The human SWO-38 cell line was provided by Cell Research, Department of Animal Experimental Center of Sun Yat-sen University; human recombinant soluble TRAIL by R＆D, USA; and mevastatin by Sigma, USA. METHODS： SWO-38 cells were separately incubated in TRAIL （100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 tJg/L） and mevastatin （5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 pmol/L） for 72 hours. In addition, SWO-38 cells were incubated in TRAIL （300 μg/L）, mevastatin （30 μmol/L）, and a solution containing both TRAIL and mevastatin for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cell proliferation was detected using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay; cell apoptosis was observed using Hoechst 33258 staining and fluorescence microscopy and was measured using Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry; TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 protein expressions levels were measured using indirect immunofluorescence staining combined with flow cytometry in the recombinant soluble TRAIL （rsTRAIL, 300 tJg/L）, mevastatin （30 IJmol/L） and combination groups; TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 mRNA expression was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS： rsTRAIL, mevastatin and their combination inhibited tumor proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The proliferation inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate of human SWO-38 cells in the combined group were significantly greater than the rsTRAIL or mevastatin alone group （P 〈 0.01）. TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 protein and mRNA expressions were increased in the combination group compared with mevastatin or rsTRAIL alone after 72 hours （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Both rsTRAIL and mevastatin inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of the human glioma cell line SWO-38, while their combination enhances the anti-tumor effect. The mechanism of action possibly correlates to the upregulation of TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 mRNA expression by mevastatin, thereby enhancing the cell sensitivity to rsTRAIL.
文摘BACKGROUND： Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin （PA-MSHA） parenteral injection is used as a broad-spectrum immunomodulator. It remains unclear whether PA-MSHA exhibits inhibitory effects on tumor cell growth. OBJECTIVE： To investigate inhibitory mechanisms of PA-MSHA-induced proliferation in rat C6 glioma cells in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Comparative observation and in vitro experiments were performed at the Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Kunming Medical College, China from July 2008 to April 2009. MATERIALS： Rat C6 glioma cell line （Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China） and PA-MSHA parenteral injection （Beijing Wanteer Bio-Pharmaceutical, China） were used in the present study. METHODS： Rat C6 glioma cells in logarithmic growth phase were harvested in vitro. Adherent monolayer cells were respectively treated with PA-MSHA at final colony-forming units （cfu） of 1 ×10^8 cfu/mL, 2 × 10^8 cfu/mL, 4 × 10^8 cfu/mL, 6 × 10^8 cfu/mL, and 8 ×10^8 cfu/mL following 24 hours of conventional culture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： MTT colorimetric assay was utilized to determine the inhibitory rate of C6 glioma cells following treatment with various concentrations of PA-MSHA at different times. Cell apoptosis was detected by fluorescent microscopy following Hoechst 33258 staining. Flow cytometry was used to measure PA-MSHA effects on C6 cell cycle. RESULTS： Inhibitory rate of C6 glioma cells increased with prolonged time and increased dose. Hoechst 33258 staining revealed obvious morphological changes in apoptotic C6 glioma cells. Flow cytometry revealed hypodiploid peaks, Le., apoptotic peak, and the apoptotic rate in cells during S-phase significantly increased with increased concentrations in the experimental groups. CONCLUSION： With in vitro experiments, PA-MSHA preparations inhibited C6 glioma cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These mechanisms are likely associated with cell apoptosis induction and inhibition of the S phase.
文摘Animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage were established by injection of autologous blood into the caudate nucleus in rats. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining of the p75 neurotrophin receptor. p75 neurotrophin receptor protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. p75 neurotrophin receptor mRNA was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. At 24 hours after modeling, cellular apoptosis occured around hematoma with upregulation of p75 neurotrophin receptor protein and mRNA was observed, which directly correlated to apoptosis. This observation indicated that p75 neurotrophin receptor upregulation was associated with cell apoptosis around hematomas after intracerebral hemorrhage.
基金supported by grants from the Science and Technology Research Project at University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,No.NJ09116Important Project of Inner Mongolia Medical College Affiliated Hospital,No.NYFY ZD 2006001+2 种基金Social Development of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,No.KJT10JHNthe Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,No. 2010MS1121the Program of Higher-Level Talents of InnerMongolia University,No.SPH-IMU,Z200901002
文摘Residents aged 55 years or older from 27 communities and two settlements in Xilingol League of Inner Mongolia were selected for participation in an Alzheimer＇s disease epidemiological investigation from June 2008 to June 2009, including 3 259 Mongolians and 5 887 Han Chinese. The Mongolian subjects in the Alzheimer＇s disease group were at age of 55 years or older （on average）, and more of them were male, illiterate and/or had a history of coronary artery disease and/or diabetes compared with the Mongolian subjects in the non-Alzheimer＇s disease group. The Han Chinese subjects in the AIzheimer＇s disease group were at age of 55 years or older （on average） and more of them were women, illiterate and/or had a history of coronary artery disease, and less of them had a history of alcohol consumption compared with the non-Alzheimefs disease group. Non-conditional multivariate stepwise logistic regression identified that male gender, increasing age and having a history of diabetes and/or coronary heart disease were associated with higher odds of Alzheimer＇s disease among Mongolians while having an educational background was associated with lower odds （OR = 0.259, 95%C/0.174-0.386）. Among the Han Chinese subjects, male gender, increasing age and having a history of coronary heart disease and/or hypertension was associated with higher odds of Alzheimer＇s disease, while having an educational background was associated lower odds （OR = 0.271, 95%C/0.192-0.381）. The results also indicated that extremely heavy smoking may be a risk factor for Alzheimer＇s disease in Mongolian males aged over 55 years. There was no significant difference in smoking habits between the Mongolian and Han Chinese subjects with Alzheimer＇s disease.
文摘BACKGROUND： Carpal tunnel syndrome （CTS） is diagnosed mainly according to clinical symptoms, physical sign and neurodiagnostic laboratory examination. The therapeutic effect of conservative management and surgical operation in treating CTS need to be further observed and evaluated. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the clinical characteristics, neurophysiological grade and outcome in patients with CTS. DESIGN： Retrospective case-analysis. SETTING： Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. PARTICIPANTS： Totally 161 patients with suspected CTS from National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore referred to the Neurodiagnostic Laboratory for the confirmatory testing between January and September 2002. The involved patients, 137 male and 24 female, were aged 21 - 85 years. METHODS： ①The condition of diabetes mellitus complicated by abnormal thyroid function was observed.② The effect on predominant hand, and paraesthesia were observed. ③Neuroelectrophysiological studies were performed and the results were graded into mild, moderate and severe CTS according to the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine （AAEM） criteria.④ Conservative management and surgical intervention were followed up 3 months later, and symptoms and physical sign basically disappeared, and function was basically recovered, which indicated that disease condition improved. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ①Condition of CTS complicated by metabolic disease; ②Effects on predominant hand and paraesthesia; ③Electrophysiological grading; ④Prognosis. RESULTS： Totally 161 patients participated in the final analysis. ①Condition of CTS complicated by metabolic disease： Among 161 patients, 17.4% （28/161） were documented to have diabetes mellitus and 7（4.3%） had hypothyroidism. ②Effects on predominant hand and paraesthesia： Dominant hand involvement was present in 134 patients （83.2%） and more than 75% had onset of symptoms in the dominant hand. Sensory symptoms like numbness and paresthesias were the predominant symptoms, accounting for 89.1% （134/161）, this discomfort was felt in all 5 digits of the hand in 47.6%, and lateral three and half digits in 21.4%. The noctural symptoms were present in 30.4% （49/161） patients. ③Electrophysiological typing： The most frequent abnormality was that of the prolonged mid-palm median and ulnar latency difference in 146（54.7%） hands; 103（38.6%） hands had prolonged median motor distal latency. Absent response from thenar muscle was present in 35 （13.1%） hands. Nerve conduction study showed bilateral CTS in 105 （65.2%） patients and unilateral CTS in 56 （34.8%） patients. Sixteen patients with bilateral CTS had symptoms in one hand only. Overall, 36.8% had mild, 49.2 % had moderate and 13.9 % had severe CTS, with median duration of symptoms of 6, 9 and 14 months, respectively. ④Delay in diagnosis： 37（22.9%） patients delayed in diagnosis from 1-4 months, 16（43.2%） were misdiagnosed as cervical spondylosis; 6（16.2%） were ignored due to their condition by busy work; 15（40.5%） were unware of their symptoms. ⑤Prognosis： Follow up data was available for only 72.7% （117/161） patients. Conservative management was conducted in 73.5% （86/117）. Clinical symptoms were resolved or improved in 65.1% （56/86） patients with 17 mild CTS, 29 moderate CTS, and 10 severe CTS. 26.5% （31/117） patients underwent surgery for CTS release, and clinical symptoms were improved in 12（38.7%） with moderate CTS and 2 （6.5%） with severe CTS at 3 months of follow up. CONCLUSION： ①Sensory symptoms in CTS are more in severe and common in dominant hand. ②Conservative management showed resolution or improvement for mild and moderate CTS. Surgical intervention shows either resolution or improvement in clinical symptoms in moderate CTS. ③The common reasons for delay in diagnosis were due to misdiagnosis as cervical spondylosis and lack of awareness of the condition.④Assessment on severity of CTS by electrophysiological grade is of important significance for determining therapeutic mean.
