This 6-week study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seven different levels of dietary chromium (Cr) (0,75,150,300,450,600,and 1200 ppb Cr) in the form of Cr nanoparticle (CrNano) on growth,body composition,seru...This 6-week study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seven different levels of dietary chromium (Cr) (0,75,150,300,450,600,and 1200 ppb Cr) in the form of Cr nanoparticle (CrNano) on growth,body composition,serum hormones and tissue Cr in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Seventy male SD rats (average initial body weight of (83.2±4.4) g) were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments (n=10). At the end of the trial,body composition was assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). All rats were then sacrificed to collect samples of blood,organs and tissues for determination of serum hormones and tissue Cr contents. The results indicated that lean body mass was significantly increased (P<0.05) due to the addition of 300 and 450 ppb Cr from CrNano. Supplementation of 150,300,450,and 600 ppb Cr decreased (P<0.05) percent body fat significantly. Average daily gain was increased (P<0.05) by addition of 75,150,and 300 ppb Cr and feed efficiency was increased (P<0.05) by supplementation of 75,300,and 450 ppb Cr. Addition of 300 and 450 ppb Cr decreased (P<0.05) the insulin level in serum greatly. Cr contents in liver and kidney were greatly increased (P<0.05) by the addition of Cr as CrNano in the dosage of from 150 ppb to 1 200 ppb. In addition,Supplementation of 300,450,and 600 ppb Cr significantly increased (P<0.05) Cr content in the hind leg muscle. These results suggest that supplemental CrNano has beneficial effects on growth performance and body composition,and increases tissue Cr concentration in selected muscles.展开更多
Background:The establishment of stable microbiota in early life is beneficial to the individual.Changes in the intestinal environment during early life play a crucial role in modulating the gut microbiota.Therefore,ea...Background:The establishment of stable microbiota in early life is beneficial to the individual.Changes in the intestinal environment during early life play a crucial role in modulating the gut microbiota.Therefore,early intervention to change the intestinal environment can be regarded as a new regulation strategy for the growth and health of poultry.However,the effects of intestinal environmental changes on host physiology and metabolism are rarely reported.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of early inoculation with caecal fermentation broth on small intestine morphology,gene expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum,and cecum microbial metabolism of broilers.Results:Our data showed that early inoculation with caecal fermentation broth could improve intestine morphology.The small intestine villus height was significantly increased(P<0.05)in the intervened broilers compared to the control group,especially on day 28.A similar result was observed in the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(P<0.05).Meanwhile,we found early inoculation significantly increased(P<0.05)the expression levels of zonula occludens-1(ZO1)on days 14 and 28,claudin-1(CLDN1)on day 28,whereas the gene expression of claudin-2(CLDN2)was significantly decreased(P<0.05)on days 14 and 28.Gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry(GC-TOF/MS)technology was further implemented to systematically evaluate the microbial metabolite profiles.Principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)displayed a distinct trend towards separation between the fermentation broth group(F group)and the control group(C group).The differentially expressed metabolites were identified,and they were mainly functionally enriched in beta-alanine metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.In addition,1,3-diaminopropane was selected as a key biomarker that responded to early inoculation with caecal fermentation broth.Conclusions:These results provide insight into intestinal metabolomics and confirm that early inoculation with caecal fermentation broth can be used as a potential strategy to improve intestinal health of broilers.展开更多
We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and dopamine （DA） on the activation of the prophenoloxidase （proPO） system of Litopenaeus vannamei. LPS and DA were shown with a negative dose-dependent ef...We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and dopamine （DA） on the activation of the prophenoloxidase （proPO） system of Litopenaeus vannamei. LPS and DA were shown with a negative dose-dependent effect on hyalne cells （HC）, semi-granular cells （SGC）, large granular cells （LGC）, and total haemocyte count （THC）. When haemocytes were treated with LPS or DA, serine proteinase activity and intracellular phenoloxidase （PO） activity were significantly reduced, but extracellular PO activity increased significantly. These findings indicated that the reduction in haemocyte counts was mainly because of the degranulation and activation of the proPO system from semi-granule and large granule cells. The PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine, and the TPK inhibitor, genistein, had an inhibitory effect on extracellular PO activity, while serine proteinase and intracellular PO activity increased. This suggests that the LPS and DA induce the activation of proPO in haemocytes via PKC and TPK-related signaling pathways, but serine proteinase may be activated only by PKC, as the genistein effects were not statistically significant. Electrophoresis analysis revealed that POs induced by LPS or DA have the same molecular mass and high diphenolase activity. Two PO bands at 526 kDa and 272 kDa were observed in PAGE, while in the haemocyte lysate supematant （HLS）, only a 272-kDa band was observed. This band was resolved after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing and reducing conditions into two groups of POs, 166 kDa and 126 kDa, and 78.1 kDa and 73.6 kDa, respectively, suggesting that PO in L. vannamei is an oligomer, which may have different compositions intra- and extracellularly.展开更多
Background:Diet has a profound impact on the rumen microbiota,and the impact can vary among the different rumen ecological niches(REN).This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal(SBM)wit...Background:Diet has a profound impact on the rumen microbiota,and the impact can vary among the different rumen ecological niches(REN).This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal(SBM)with dried distillers grains with solubles(DDGS)on the rumen microbiota occupying different REN of growing Hu lambs.After a 9-week feeding trial,6 lambs from each dietary treatment(SBM vs.DDGS-based diets)were slaughtered for sample collection.The microbiota of the rumen solid,liquid,and epithelium fractions was examined using amplicon sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene,functional prediction,and qPCR.Results:No interaction of dietary protein source(PS)and REN were detected for virtually all the measurements made in this study.The DDGS substitution resulted in very limited influence on bacterial community structure.However,the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA gene sequences varied greatly between SBM-and DDGS-based diets.The populations of rumen total bacteria,fungi,sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB),and methanogens were not influenced by DDGS substitution,but the population of protozoa was reduced.The bacterial communities in rumen solid(RS)and liquid(RL)were similar in taxonomic composition but were different in relative abundance of some taxa.In contrast,the bacterial composition and relative abundance of rumen epithelium(RE)were greatly distinct from those of the RS and the RL.In alignment with the bacterial relative abundance,the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA genes also varied greatly among the different REN.The populations of total bacteria,protozoa,and methanogens attached to the RE were smaller than those in the RS and RL,and the fungal population on the rumen epitheliumwas smaller than that in the RS but similar to that in the RL.On the contrary,the SRB population on the RE was greater than that in the RS and RL.Conclusions:Substitution of SBM with DDGS had greater impact to the protozoa than to the other microbes,and the microbial community structure and functions at different REN are distinct and niche-adapted.展开更多
The gene encoding the VP28 envelope protein of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was cloned into expression vector pET-30a and transformed into the Escherichia coli strain BL21.After induction,the recombinant VP28 (rVP...The gene encoding the VP28 envelope protein of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was cloned into expression vector pET-30a and transformed into the Escherichia coli strain BL21.After induction,the recombinant VP28 (rVP28) protein was purified and then used to immunize Balb/c mice for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production.It was observed by immuno-electron microscopy the MAbs specific to rVP28 could recognize native VP28 target epitopes of WSSV and dot-blot analysis was used to detect natural WSSV infection.Competitive PCR showed that the viral level was approximately 104 copies/mg tissue in the dilution of gill homogenate of WSSV-infected crayfish at the detection limit of dot-blot assay.Our results suggest that dot-blot analysis with anti-rVP28 MAb could rapidly and sensitively detect WSSV at the early stages of WSSV infection.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ME and CP levels on laying performance, egg quality and serum biochemical indices of Fengda-1 layers. In a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, 2,400 Fengda-...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ME and CP levels on laying performance, egg quality and serum biochemical indices of Fengda-1 layers. In a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, 2,400 Fengda-1 layers(32 wk of age) were randomly assigned to 6 experimental diets with 2,650 and 2,750 kcal of ME/kg of diet, each containing 14.50%, 15.00% and 15.50% CP, respectively. Each dietary treatment was replicated 5 times, and feed and water were provided ad libitum. The trial lasted for 10 wk, including a2-week acclimation period and an 8-week experimental period. Our results showed that ADFI decreased as the ME level of diet increased from 2,650 to 2,750 kcal/kg(P< 0.05). Layers fed diets with 2,750 kcal/kg ME exhibited higher mortality than those fed with 2,650 kcal/kg ME(P < 0.05). Birds fed with 14.50% and15.00% CP had higher egg production(EP) and egg mass(EM) than those fed with 15.50% CP(P < 0.05).Yolk color increased as the ME level of the diet increased from 2,650 to 2,750 kcal/kg, however, the eggshell thickness decreased(P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of uric acid and triglyceride in layers fed diets with 2,750 kcal/kg ME were higher than those fed diets with 2,650 kcal/kg ME(P < 0.05). There was no significant interaction between ME and CP on laying performance, egg quality, or serum biochemical indices(P > 0.05). Based on the data under the experimental conditions, the optimal dietary ME and CP levels of Fengda-1 layers are 2,650 kcal/kg and 15.00%(33 to 41 wk of age).展开更多
The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants and hosts a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that facilitates efficient digestion of plant fibers.We analyzed 897 transcriptomes from three Cetartiodactyla lineages:rumi...The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants and hosts a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that facilitates efficient digestion of plant fibers.We analyzed 897 transcriptomes from three Cetartiodactyla lineages:ruminants,camels and cetaceans,as well as data from ruminant comparative genomics and functional assays to explore the genetic basis of rumen functional innovations.We identified genes with relatively high expression in the rumen,of which many appeared to be recruited from other tissues.These genes show functional enrichment in ketone body metabolism,regulation of microbial community,and epithelium absorption,which are the most prominent biological processes involved in rumen innovations.Several modes of genetic change underlying rumen functional innovations were uncovered,including coding mutations,genes newly evolved,and changes of regulatory elements.We validated that the key ketogenesis rate-limiting gene(HMGCS2)with five ruminant-specific mutations was under positive selection and exhibits higher synthesis activity than those of other mammals.Two newly evolved genes(LYZ1 and DEFB1)are resistant to Gram-positive bacteria and thereby may regulate microbial community equilibrium.Furthermore,we confirmed that the changes of regulatory elements accounted for the majority of rumen gene recruitment.These results greatly improve our understanding of rumen evolution and organ evo-devo in general.展开更多
基金Project (No.30400317) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘This 6-week study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seven different levels of dietary chromium (Cr) (0,75,150,300,450,600,and 1200 ppb Cr) in the form of Cr nanoparticle (CrNano) on growth,body composition,serum hormones and tissue Cr in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Seventy male SD rats (average initial body weight of (83.2±4.4) g) were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments (n=10). At the end of the trial,body composition was assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). All rats were then sacrificed to collect samples of blood,organs and tissues for determination of serum hormones and tissue Cr contents. The results indicated that lean body mass was significantly increased (P<0.05) due to the addition of 300 and 450 ppb Cr from CrNano. Supplementation of 150,300,450,and 600 ppb Cr decreased (P<0.05) percent body fat significantly. Average daily gain was increased (P<0.05) by addition of 75,150,and 300 ppb Cr and feed efficiency was increased (P<0.05) by supplementation of 75,300,and 450 ppb Cr. Addition of 300 and 450 ppb Cr decreased (P<0.05) the insulin level in serum greatly. Cr contents in liver and kidney were greatly increased (P<0.05) by the addition of Cr as CrNano in the dosage of from 150 ppb to 1 200 ppb. In addition,Supplementation of 300,450,and 600 ppb Cr significantly increased (P<0.05) Cr content in the hind leg muscle. These results suggest that supplemental CrNano has beneficial effects on growth performance and body composition,and increases tissue Cr concentration in selected muscles.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0500501)State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agroproducts(2010DS700124-ZZ1905).
文摘Background:The establishment of stable microbiota in early life is beneficial to the individual.Changes in the intestinal environment during early life play a crucial role in modulating the gut microbiota.Therefore,early intervention to change the intestinal environment can be regarded as a new regulation strategy for the growth and health of poultry.However,the effects of intestinal environmental changes on host physiology and metabolism are rarely reported.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of early inoculation with caecal fermentation broth on small intestine morphology,gene expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum,and cecum microbial metabolism of broilers.Results:Our data showed that early inoculation with caecal fermentation broth could improve intestine morphology.The small intestine villus height was significantly increased(P<0.05)in the intervened broilers compared to the control group,especially on day 28.A similar result was observed in the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(P<0.05).Meanwhile,we found early inoculation significantly increased(P<0.05)the expression levels of zonula occludens-1(ZO1)on days 14 and 28,claudin-1(CLDN1)on day 28,whereas the gene expression of claudin-2(CLDN2)was significantly decreased(P<0.05)on days 14 and 28.Gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry(GC-TOF/MS)technology was further implemented to systematically evaluate the microbial metabolite profiles.Principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)displayed a distinct trend towards separation between the fermentation broth group(F group)and the control group(C group).The differentially expressed metabolites were identified,and they were mainly functionally enriched in beta-alanine metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.In addition,1,3-diaminopropane was selected as a key biomarker that responded to early inoculation with caecal fermentation broth.Conclusions:These results provide insight into intestinal metabolomics and confirm that early inoculation with caecal fermentation broth can be used as a potential strategy to improve intestinal health of broilers.
基金Supported by the New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-06-0597)Introducing Talents of Discipline of Universities(111Project)(No.B08049)
文摘We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and dopamine （DA） on the activation of the prophenoloxidase （proPO） system of Litopenaeus vannamei. LPS and DA were shown with a negative dose-dependent effect on hyalne cells （HC）, semi-granular cells （SGC）, large granular cells （LGC）, and total haemocyte count （THC）. When haemocytes were treated with LPS or DA, serine proteinase activity and intracellular phenoloxidase （PO） activity were significantly reduced, but extracellular PO activity increased significantly. These findings indicated that the reduction in haemocyte counts was mainly because of the degranulation and activation of the proPO system from semi-granule and large granule cells. The PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine, and the TPK inhibitor, genistein, had an inhibitory effect on extracellular PO activity, while serine proteinase and intracellular PO activity increased. This suggests that the LPS and DA induce the activation of proPO in haemocytes via PKC and TPK-related signaling pathways, but serine proteinase may be activated only by PKC, as the genistein effects were not statistically significant. Electrophoresis analysis revealed that POs induced by LPS or DA have the same molecular mass and high diphenolase activity. Two PO bands at 526 kDa and 272 kDa were observed in PAGE, while in the haemocyte lysate supematant （HLS）, only a 272-kDa band was observed. This band was resolved after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing and reducing conditions into two groups of POs, 166 kDa and 126 kDa, and 78.1 kDa and 73.6 kDa, respectively, suggesting that PO in L. vannamei is an oligomer, which may have different compositions intra- and extracellularly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(award No:31402101)the“One Belt and One Road”Technical Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province(award No:BZ2018055)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(award No:CX(19)3023).
文摘Background:Diet has a profound impact on the rumen microbiota,and the impact can vary among the different rumen ecological niches(REN).This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal(SBM)with dried distillers grains with solubles(DDGS)on the rumen microbiota occupying different REN of growing Hu lambs.After a 9-week feeding trial,6 lambs from each dietary treatment(SBM vs.DDGS-based diets)were slaughtered for sample collection.The microbiota of the rumen solid,liquid,and epithelium fractions was examined using amplicon sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene,functional prediction,and qPCR.Results:No interaction of dietary protein source(PS)and REN were detected for virtually all the measurements made in this study.The DDGS substitution resulted in very limited influence on bacterial community structure.However,the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA gene sequences varied greatly between SBM-and DDGS-based diets.The populations of rumen total bacteria,fungi,sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB),and methanogens were not influenced by DDGS substitution,but the population of protozoa was reduced.The bacterial communities in rumen solid(RS)and liquid(RL)were similar in taxonomic composition but were different in relative abundance of some taxa.In contrast,the bacterial composition and relative abundance of rumen epithelium(RE)were greatly distinct from those of the RS and the RL.In alignment with the bacterial relative abundance,the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA genes also varied greatly among the different REN.The populations of total bacteria,protozoa,and methanogens attached to the RE were smaller than those in the RS and RL,and the fungal population on the rumen epitheliumwas smaller than that in the RS but similar to that in the RL.On the contrary,the SRB population on the RE was greater than that in the RS and RL.Conclusions:Substitution of SBM with DDGS had greater impact to the protozoa than to the other microbes,and the microbial community structure and functions at different REN are distinct and niche-adapted.
基金NSFC (30901116)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y3080212)The Planned Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province,China (2008C32034)
文摘The gene encoding the VP28 envelope protein of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was cloned into expression vector pET-30a and transformed into the Escherichia coli strain BL21.After induction,the recombinant VP28 (rVP28) protein was purified and then used to immunize Balb/c mice for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production.It was observed by immuno-electron microscopy the MAbs specific to rVP28 could recognize native VP28 target epitopes of WSSV and dot-blot analysis was used to detect natural WSSV infection.Competitive PCR showed that the viral level was approximately 104 copies/mg tissue in the dilution of gill homogenate of WSSV-infected crayfish at the detection limit of dot-blot assay.Our results suggest that dot-blot analysis with anti-rVP28 MAb could rapidly and sensitively detect WSSV at the early stages of WSSV infection.
基金funded by the earmarked fund for Modern ArgoIndustry Technology Research System of China (No. CARS-41-K17)the National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2014BAD13B04)
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ME and CP levels on laying performance, egg quality and serum biochemical indices of Fengda-1 layers. In a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, 2,400 Fengda-1 layers(32 wk of age) were randomly assigned to 6 experimental diets with 2,650 and 2,750 kcal of ME/kg of diet, each containing 14.50%, 15.00% and 15.50% CP, respectively. Each dietary treatment was replicated 5 times, and feed and water were provided ad libitum. The trial lasted for 10 wk, including a2-week acclimation period and an 8-week experimental period. Our results showed that ADFI decreased as the ME level of diet increased from 2,650 to 2,750 kcal/kg(P< 0.05). Layers fed diets with 2,750 kcal/kg ME exhibited higher mortality than those fed with 2,650 kcal/kg ME(P < 0.05). Birds fed with 14.50% and15.00% CP had higher egg production(EP) and egg mass(EM) than those fed with 15.50% CP(P < 0.05).Yolk color increased as the ME level of the diet increased from 2,650 to 2,750 kcal/kg, however, the eggshell thickness decreased(P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of uric acid and triglyceride in layers fed diets with 2,750 kcal/kg ME were higher than those fed diets with 2,650 kcal/kg ME(P < 0.05). There was no significant interaction between ME and CP on laying performance, egg quality, or serum biochemical indices(P > 0.05). Based on the data under the experimental conditions, the optimal dietary ME and CP levels of Fengda-1 layers are 2,650 kcal/kg and 15.00%(33 to 41 wk of age).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31822052,31572381)the National Thousand Youth Talents Plan to Y.J.+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660644)to S.H.National Natural Science Foundation of China(41422604)to S.L.The Villum Foundation(VKR 023447)the Independent Research Fund Denmark(8049-00098B)。
文摘The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants and hosts a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that facilitates efficient digestion of plant fibers.We analyzed 897 transcriptomes from three Cetartiodactyla lineages:ruminants,camels and cetaceans,as well as data from ruminant comparative genomics and functional assays to explore the genetic basis of rumen functional innovations.We identified genes with relatively high expression in the rumen,of which many appeared to be recruited from other tissues.These genes show functional enrichment in ketone body metabolism,regulation of microbial community,and epithelium absorption,which are the most prominent biological processes involved in rumen innovations.Several modes of genetic change underlying rumen functional innovations were uncovered,including coding mutations,genes newly evolved,and changes of regulatory elements.We validated that the key ketogenesis rate-limiting gene(HMGCS2)with five ruminant-specific mutations was under positive selection and exhibits higher synthesis activity than those of other mammals.Two newly evolved genes(LYZ1 and DEFB1)are resistant to Gram-positive bacteria and thereby may regulate microbial community equilibrium.Furthermore,we confirmed that the changes of regulatory elements accounted for the majority of rumen gene recruitment.These results greatly improve our understanding of rumen evolution and organ evo-devo in general.
